CN114182723A - Karst tunnel foundation pile raft structure construction method - Google Patents
Karst tunnel foundation pile raft structure construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114182723A CN114182723A CN202111605822.9A CN202111605822A CN114182723A CN 114182723 A CN114182723 A CN 114182723A CN 202111605822 A CN202111605822 A CN 202111605822A CN 114182723 A CN114182723 A CN 114182723A
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000009432 framing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/22—Piles
- E02D5/34—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same
- E02D5/38—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same making by use of mould-pipes or other moulds
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/003—Linings or provisions thereon, specially adapted for traffic tunnels, e.g. with built-in cleaning devices
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and provides a construction method of a pile raft structure at the bottom of a karst tunnel foundation. According to the construction method, the pile foundations on two sides of the tunnel base are respectively constructed by adopting a left-right framing construction process, so that the cycle time of each process can be effectively reduced, and the people can pass through the trestle after the pile foundation on one side of the tunnel base is constructed, so that the normal construction operation of other processes is facilitated, the actual construction efficiency is improved, and the construction period is shortened; meanwhile, the rotary drilling rigs are adopted for drilling, so that the drilling efficiency of each drilling rig can reach 13 m/day, and the construction efficiency can be further improved compared with that of the traditional impact drilling construction under the same cost condition; on the other hand, the rotary drilling rig has low vibration frequency in the construction process, has small disturbance on structures such as primary supports in tunnels and the like, and can effectively reduce the probability of inducing safety accidents.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, in particular to a construction method of a karst tunnel foundation pile raft structure.
Background
The karst tunnel needs to pass through a weak stratum in the construction process, the treatment of the existing karst tunnel base is influenced and interfered by tunnel excavation, construction support, section stabilization, base reinforcement and the like in time and space, and the construction is carried out by methods of base replacement, cement grouting, cement soil compaction piles, tree root piles, cement rotary jet grouting piles and the like.
However, due to the limitation of the operation space in the tunnel, the normal construction of other processes is often affected by the conventional construction method, and meanwhile, the construction cost is high and the construction period is long.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a construction method of a pile raft structure at the base of a karst tunnel, which is used for solving the technical problems of high construction cost and long construction period when a karst tunnel base is treated in the prior art.
The embodiment of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a construction method of a pile-raft structure at the bottom of a karst tunnel base is provided, wherein the tunnel base adopts a pile-raft structure, and the construction method comprises the following steps:
s1, constructing a pile foundation structure; the method comprises the following steps that a pile foundation of a tunnel base is constructed in a left-right framing mode, the pile foundation on one side of the tunnel base is constructed, and then the pile foundation on the other side of the tunnel base is constructed;
and S2, after the pile foundation structure is constructed, constructing the raft structure.
Optionally, in step S1, the pile foundation is a bored pile, and the single construction step of the pile foundation includes:
s11, measuring the pile position of the pile foundation and positioning a drilling machine; the drilling machine adopts a rotary drilling rig;
s12, embedding a steel casing at the pile position of the pile foundation;
s13, drilling holes at the pile positions of the pile foundation to the designed hole depth by using the drilling machine;
s14, hoisting a reinforcement cage into the drill hole, and then pouring concrete to form the pile foundation.
Further, in step S12, the perpendicularity of the steel casing is less than or equal to 1%.
Further, in step S13, during drilling, low-speed drilling is used in the initial stage of drilling, and high-speed drilling is used when the drilling is performed to a position 3m below the steel casing.
Further, in step S13, before drilling, the elevation of the steel casing is determined by a level gauge, and the hole depth is calculated according to the hole bottom elevation required by the design by using the elevation as a base point; and after drilling to the calculated hole depth, retesting the elevation of the steel casing.
Further, in step S14, when pouring concrete, the pile foundation is compacted by manual vibration within a range of 6m below the pile top.
Optionally, in step S1, after the pile foundation construction on one side of the tunnel base is completed, a pedestrian trestle is used for passing through.
Further, in step S14, a sounding pipe is installed in the reinforcement cage, a bottom of the sounding pipe is sealed, and a top of the sounding pipe is sealed by a wooden plug.
Optionally, in step S2, when constructing the raft structure, firstly, pouring cushion concrete on the tunnel base, then binding raft steel bars and pouring raft concrete.
Furthermore, when the raft plate concrete is poured, an inserted vibrating rod is adopted to vibrate and compact, and vibrating points are uniformly distributed in a plum blossom shape.
The technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention at least has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
according to the construction method, the pile foundations on two sides of the tunnel base are respectively constructed by adopting a left-right framing construction process, so that the cycle time of each process can be effectively reduced, and the people can pass through the trestle after the pile foundation on one side of the tunnel base is constructed, so that the normal construction operation of other processes is facilitated, the actual construction efficiency is improved, the construction period is shortened, and the construction cost is reduced; meanwhile, the rotary drilling rigs are adopted for drilling, so that the drilling efficiency of each drilling rig can reach 13 m/day, and the construction efficiency can be further improved compared with that of the traditional impact drilling construction under the same cost condition; on the other hand, the rotary drilling rig has low vibration frequency in the construction process, has small disturbance on structures such as primary supports in tunnels and the like, and can effectively reduce the probability of inducing safety accidents.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of single pile foundation construction provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Examples
The embodiment provides a karst tunnel foundation pile raft structure construction method, and a tunnel foundation adopts a pile raft structure, and the pile raft structure comprises a pile foundation structure and a raft structure. The construction method of the pile-raft structure comprises the following steps:
s1, constructing a pile foundation structure of a pile raft structure. Before constructing the pile foundation structure, the tunnel foundation should be leveled, so as to facilitate the smooth proceeding of the subsequent construction.
When executing and making pile foundation structure, the pile foundation of tunnel basement is under construction according to the mode of controlling the framing, is under construction to the pile foundation of tunnel basement one side earlier, treats the whole construction of pile foundation of tunnel basement one side and accomplishes the back, is under construction to the pile foundation of tunnel basement opposite side again to realize improving the efficiency of construction, do not influence the normal construction of other processes simultaneously as far as, with the efficiency of construction who improves whole tunnel, effectively reduce construction cycle.
In this embodiment, the tunnel lining is constructed in 12m per module as one unit, and at this time, the tunnel base of a single unit is provided with 6 pile foundations, and the pile foundations on each side of the tunnel base are provided with 3 pile foundations. And after all the pile foundations of the single unit are completely constructed, constructing the pile foundation structure of the tunnel base of the next unit.
It can be understood that, after the pile foundation construction of tunnel basement one side is accomplished, can install pedestrian trestle in the top of this side tunnel basement inner pile foundation structure to utilize pedestrian trestle to supply the workman current, so that constructor carries out other construction operations, do not influence the construction of the pile foundation structure of tunnel basement opposite side simultaneously.
Referring to fig. 1, the construction of a single pile foundation includes:
s11, measuring the pile position of the pile foundation according to design requirements, and positioning a drilling machine. It should be noted that the rotary drilling rig is adopted in the drilling rig of the embodiment, the height of the rotary drilling rig during operation is 9.5m, and the width of the rotary drilling rig during operation is 4.8m, so that the rotary drilling rig is suitable for construction in a low-clearance tunnel, and normal construction of other processes is not affected. Meanwhile, when the rotary drilling rig is in place, the maximum inclination angle between the rotary drilling rig and the horizontal plane is not more than 4 degrees, and the platform of the rotary drilling rig needs to be rolled compactly, so that the stability of the rotary drilling rig during operation is ensured.
S12, embedding a steel pile casing at a pile position of a pile foundation; the steel casing is formed by processing a steel plate with the thickness of 10mm, the steel casing is processed in sections, and reinforcing hoops are applied to the top and the bottom of the steel casing within the range of 1m respectively. Meanwhile, in the drilling process, a full-protection cylinder is adopted for follow-up; the top of the embedded steel pile casing is 30cm higher than the ground, the center of the steel pile casing is coincided with the center of the pile position, and the deviation is not more than 100 mm. And after the steel casing is sunk in place, the pile position of the pile foundation is retested, and meanwhile, the verticality of the steel casing is controlled to be less than or equal to 1% so as to prevent the steel casing from deviating or inclining in the drilling process.
And S13, after the construction of the steel casing is completed, drilling holes to the designed hole depth at the pile position of the pile foundation by using a drilling machine.
Before drilling, the elevation of the steel casing is determined by a level gauge, the elevation is used as a base point, the hole depth is calculated according to the elevation of the bottom of the hole required by design, and then the rotary drilling rig is used for starting drilling. The rotary drilling rig drills at a low speed, for example, at a speed of 20cm/min, and a main winch steel wire rope of the rotary drilling rig bears a force which is not less than 20% of the sum of the weight of a drill rod and a drilling tool so as to ensure that no deviation occurs in hole positions; and after the drilling is carried out to 3m below the steel casing, the rotary drilling rig adopts high-speed drilling, for example, the drilling is carried out at the speed of 50 cm/min. And finally, after the steel pile casing is drilled to the calculated hole depth by using the rotary drilling rig, retesting the elevation of the steel pile casing, and rechecking the hole depth by using a measuring rope so as to ensure that the final formed hole meets the design requirement.
It should be noted that, in the process of drilling by using the rotary drilling rig, whether the drill rod of the rotary drilling rig is vertical or not should be observed at any time, and the drilling depth is controlled by the depth counter. After the drilling is finished, the hole depth and the hole pattern of the drilled hole are detected in time, and the drilled hole is cleaned once. Meanwhile, sampling, numbering and storing rock slag in the drilling process; aiming at the section of the huge thick soil layer, the sampling interval is not more than 5 m; for the rock-socketed section, the sampling interval is not more than 1 m. And determining the elevation and the mechanical parameters of the weakly weathered rock surface through the taken rock slag sample, comparing the elevation and the mechanical parameters with design data, and judging whether uneven weathering and weak interlayer phenomena exist or not.
S14, after the drilled hole is formed, hoisting a reinforcement cage into the drilled hole, and then pouring concrete to form a pile foundation.
The steel reinforcement cage is formed outside the tunnel in sections according to the design length of the pile foundation, and is hoisted into the drill hole section by adopting an automobile crane or a self-made rack. Meanwhile, the structural size and the elevation of the hole bottom of the hole pile must be checked before hoisting, and the steel reinforcement cage can be hoisted into the drill hole after the requirements are met.
It should be noted that, 4 sounding pipes are vertically installed in each reinforcement cage, the bottom of each sounding pipe is sealed by a steel plate, and the top of each sounding pipe is sealed by a wood plug to prevent the sounding pipe from being blocked. Through pre-buried sounding pipe in steel reinforcement cage to the later stage detects the quality of pile foundation. Meanwhile, before the quality of the pile foundation is detected in the later stage, all the sounding pipes are filled with clear water to confirm whether the sounding pipes are smooth or not, and the parts of the sounding pipes exposed out of the concrete surface are ensured not to be twisted, flattened or perforated, so that the reliability of the quality detection result of the pile foundation is improved.
And after the steel reinforcement cage is lifted, pouring pile foundation concrete. Wherein, the pile foundation concrete is constructed by adopting a hopper and guide pipe dry tank method; when the guide pipe is placed into the drill hole, secondary hole cleaning is carried out on the drill hole; meanwhile, when concrete is poured, manual vibration is adopted within the range of 6m below the pile top of the pile foundation to compact, and the rest parts are compacted by utilizing the vertical vibration of the guide pipe and the self gravity of the concrete.
It can be understood that after the construction of the pile foundation is completed, the quality of the pile foundation can be detected by using the pre-buried acoustic pipe by adopting a sound wave perspective method so as to ensure that the quality of the pile foundation meets the design requirements.
Therefore, the pile raft structure construction method provided by the embodiment can effectively reduce the cycle time of each process by respectively constructing the pile foundations on two sides of the tunnel base through the construction process of left-right framing, and is beneficial to normal construction operation of other processes by utilizing the pedestrian trestle to pass after the construction of the pile foundation on one side of the tunnel base is completed, so that the actual construction efficiency is improved, the construction period is shortened, and the construction cost is reduced.
Meanwhile, the rotary drilling rigs are adopted for drilling, so that the drilling efficiency of each drilling rig can reach 13 m/day, and the construction efficiency can be further improved compared with that of the traditional impact drilling construction under the same cost condition; on the other hand, the rotary drilling rig has low vibration frequency in the construction process, has small disturbance on structures such as primary supports in tunnels and the like, and can effectively reduce the probability of inducing safety accidents.
And S2, after the pile foundation structure of the tunnel base of the single unit is constructed, constructing a raft structure. When the raft structure is constructed, firstly, a layer of cushion concrete with the thickness of 10cm is poured on the tunnel base to form a concrete cushion, and then raft steel bars are bound on the concrete cushion and raft concrete is poured. It can be understood that, corresponding raft templates, drainage structures and water stop structures are applied while the raft reinforcing steel bars are bound, and finally raft concrete is poured.
Before pouring raft slab concrete, impurities left on the primary concrete surface are cleaned, the primary concrete surface is wetted by clear water, and the pouring height is marked. Pouring raft plate concrete in a mode of pushing the two ends longitudinally and pouring from the middle part to the two sides transversely; the raft concrete in the middle part is poured firstly, and the raft is longitudinally paved from the middle part to two sides in a natural paving mode, and then is poured simultaneously to the left side and the right side, so that the construction efficiency is improved, and the quality of the raft structure is ensured to meet the design requirements.
Simultaneously, when pouring raft board concrete, in time adopt bayonet vibrating rod to vibrate closely, the vibrating rod should be perpendicular to concrete surface and insert soon and pull out evenly vibrating slowly, and the point of just vibrating is plum blossom mold evenly distributed, and the interval of the point of vibrating is not more than 1.4 times of vibrating rod effect radius, and the distance of vibrating rod and template is not more than 0.5 times of vibrating rod effect radius, and the degree of depth that vibrating rod inserted in the concrete is not less than 50mm to improve the effect of vibrating. And when the concrete surface near the vibrating point has no obvious collapse, cement paste appears and bubbles no longer appear, the vibrating of the concrete in the area near the vibrating point can be finished.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A construction method of a pile-raft structure at the bottom of a karst tunnel base is characterized in that the pile-raft structure is adopted at the tunnel base, and the construction method comprises the following steps:
s1, constructing a pile foundation structure; the method comprises the following steps that a pile foundation of a tunnel base is constructed in a left-right framing mode, the pile foundation on one side of the tunnel base is constructed, and then the pile foundation on the other side of the tunnel base is constructed;
and S2, after the pile foundation structure is constructed, constructing the raft structure.
2. The method for constructing a karst tunnel foundation pile raft structure according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the pile foundations are cast-in-place piles, and the construction of the single pile foundation includes:
s11, measuring the pile position of the pile foundation and positioning a drilling machine; the drilling machine adopts a rotary drilling rig;
s12, embedding a steel casing at the pile position of the pile foundation;
s13, drilling holes at the pile positions of the pile foundation to the designed hole depth by using the drilling machine;
s14, hoisting a reinforcement cage into the drill hole, and then pouring concrete to form the pile foundation.
3. The method for constructing a karst tunnel foundation pile raft structure according to claim 2, wherein in step S12, the perpendicularity of the steel casing is less than or equal to 1%.
4. The method for constructing a karst tunnel foundation pile raft structure according to claim 2, wherein in the step S13, during drilling, low-speed drilling is adopted at the initial stage of drilling, and high-speed drilling is adopted when the drilling is carried out to a position 3m below the steel casing.
5. The method for constructing a karst tunnel foundation pile raft structure according to claim 2, wherein in step S13, before drilling, the elevation of the steel casing is determined by a level gauge, and the elevation is used as a base point, and the hole depth is calculated according to the hole bottom elevation required by design; and after drilling to the calculated hole depth, retesting the elevation of the steel casing.
6. The method for constructing a karst tunnel foundation pile raft structure according to claim 2, wherein in the step S14, when concrete is poured, the pile foundation is compacted by manual vibration within 6m below the pile top.
7. The method for constructing a karst tunnel foundation pile raft structure according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, after the pile foundation construction on one side of the tunnel foundation is completed, a pedestrian trestle is used for passing through.
8. The method for constructing a karst tunnel foundation pile raft structure according to claim 2, wherein in step S14, a sounding pipe is installed in the reinforcement cage, the bottom of the sounding pipe is sealed, and the top of the sounding pipe is sealed by a wooden plug.
9. The karst tunnel foundation pile raft structure construction method of claim 1, wherein in step S2, when constructing a raft structure, firstly, a cushion concrete is poured on the tunnel foundation, and then raft steel bars are bound and raft concrete is poured.
10. The method for constructing a raft structure with karst tunnels based on piles according to claim 9, wherein the raft slab concrete is compacted by using an inserted vibrating rod, and vibrating points are uniformly distributed in a quincunx shape.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111605822.9A CN114182723A (en) | 2021-12-25 | 2021-12-25 | Karst tunnel foundation pile raft structure construction method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111605822.9A CN114182723A (en) | 2021-12-25 | 2021-12-25 | Karst tunnel foundation pile raft structure construction method |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN203685203U (en) * | 2013-12-03 | 2014-07-02 | 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 | High speed railway tunnel foundation strengthening structure |
| CN106193082A (en) * | 2016-07-14 | 2016-12-07 | 中铁五局集团有限公司 | Stake raft construction technology in a kind of Shallow-buried soft plastomer Karst Tunnel |
| CN109488330A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-03-19 | 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 | The open cut tunnel for passing through half Packing character solution cavity adds the tunnel bottom stake hardened structure of raft |
| CN111794755A (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-10-20 | 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 | Tunnel bottom combined type reinforcement processing method for penetrating through large-scale full-filling karst cave |
-
2021
- 2021-12-25 CN CN202111605822.9A patent/CN114182723A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN203685203U (en) * | 2013-12-03 | 2014-07-02 | 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 | High speed railway tunnel foundation strengthening structure |
| CN106193082A (en) * | 2016-07-14 | 2016-12-07 | 中铁五局集团有限公司 | Stake raft construction technology in a kind of Shallow-buried soft plastomer Karst Tunnel |
| CN109488330A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-03-19 | 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 | The open cut tunnel for passing through half Packing character solution cavity adds the tunnel bottom stake hardened structure of raft |
| CN111794755A (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-10-20 | 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 | Tunnel bottom combined type reinforcement processing method for penetrating through large-scale full-filling karst cave |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 韩利儒: "《隧道快速穿越深厚含砾黏土地层施工技术》" * |
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Application publication date: 20220315 |