CN114178794B - Manufacturing method of thin-wall radio frequency superconducting cavity - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of thin-wall radio frequency superconducting cavity Download PDFInfo
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- CN114178794B CN114178794B CN202111537628.1A CN202111537628A CN114178794B CN 114178794 B CN114178794 B CN 114178794B CN 202111537628 A CN202111537628 A CN 202111537628A CN 114178794 B CN114178794 B CN 114178794B
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- superconducting cavity
- radio frequency
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 206010040954 Skin wrinkling Diseases 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001275 Niobium-titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- RJSRQTFBFAJJIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium titanium Chemical compound [Ti].[Nb] RJSRQTFBFAJJIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H7/00—Details of devices of the types covered by groups H05H9/00, H05H11/00, H05H13/00
Abstract
The application discloses a manufacturing method of a thin-wall radio frequency superconducting cavity, which adopts a niobium circular plate with the diameter of 275mm and the thickness of 1mm to carry out three-time stamping manufacturing, can improve the heat conduction effect, reduce the flowing distance of a plate, and reduce the risk of wrinkling and tearing of the plate in the stamping process. And processing three sealing grooves on the flange, and rolling, welding and processing the niobium pipe by adopting a niobium plate with the thickness of 1mm. Heating the flange to 80 ℃, cooling the niobium pipe to minus 70 ℃, carrying out assembly after heat preservation for 30 minutes, heating to 1060 ℃ in a vacuum environment after the assembly is completed, welding and connecting the flange and the niobium pipe, embedding oxygen-free copper wires in three sealing grooves on the flange, ensuring the flange and the niobium pipe to be in seamless fit, forming a capillary phenomenon, filling oxygen-free copper into the gap between the flange and the niobium pipe, finishing welding, cooling to room temperature, taking out, and carrying out oil-free cleaning to obtain the thin-wall radio-frequency superconducting cavity. And further, the risk of low-temperature quench can be effectively reduced, and the heat conduction performance of the radio frequency superconducting cavity is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of radio frequency superconducting cavity processing and manufacturing, in particular to a manufacturing method of a thin-wall radio frequency superconducting cavity.
Background
The radio frequency superconducting cavity is an important component of the particle superconducting accelerator, the manufacturing process is complex, the low-temperature operation condition is high, and the niobium material superconducting transition temperature is 9.28K, so that the particle accelerator adopts the radio frequency superconducting cavity manufactured by the niobium material and operates in a liquid helium environment. The main factors limiting the gradient acceleration of the radio frequency superconducting cavity are thermal quench and field emission, wherein the thermal quench is mainly caused by defects in the superconducting cavity, under the radio frequency condition, radio frequency current can pass through the defects and generate Joule heat, when the temperature of the edge of the defects exceeds the superconducting transition temperature, the superconducting area of the edge of the defects is converted into a non-superconducting area, and if accumulated Joule heat cannot be timely transmitted into the superfluid helium through the cavity wall of the radio frequency superconducting cavity, the thermal instability of the radio frequency superconducting cavity is finally caused.
The manufacturing method of the universal radio frequency superconducting cavity is completed by adopting a phi 265 multiplied by 2.8mm niobium circular plate through one-time stamping forming and machining, and the manufacturing method is characterized in that the machining method is used for clamping the workpiece on a numerical control lathe chuck, and the two ends of the workpiece are respectively turned to reach the drawing size. The flange is manufactured by processing a niobium-titanium alloy bar, the niobium pipe is manufactured by processing a bar with the thickness of 2.8mm, and the workpiece is manufactured by adopting an electron beam welding method, so that the radio frequency superconducting cavity is manufactured. However, the radio frequency superconducting cavity manufactured by the existing mode has low heat conduction performance and high risk of low-temperature quench.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a manufacturing method of a thin-wall radio frequency superconducting cavity, which solves the problems of low heat conduction performance and high low-temperature quench risk of the traditional radio frequency superconducting cavity manufacturing mode in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the application provides a manufacturing method of a thin-wall radio frequency superconducting cavity, which comprises the following steps:
blanking a niobium circular plate with the diameter of 275mm and the thickness of 1mm, selecting a defect-free surface to face upwards after observation by naked eyes in an annealed state, coating lubricating oil on both sides of the niobium circular plate, putting the niobium circular plate into a stamping die, mounting a lower pressing plate at the bottom of the stamping die, and mounting an upper pressing plate on the niobium circular plate, wherein the stamping die comprises a convex film positioned on the niobium circular plate and a concave film positioned below the niobium circular plate;
adopting a 50-ton press to the set pressure of 20 tons, and then maintaining the pressure for 1 minute so as to deform the outer edge of the niobium circular plate and enable the outer edge to be free of wrinkles and back to the die;
after the convex film is replaced, a 50 ton press is adopted to press down to the set pressure of 20 tons, and then the pressure is maintained for 1 minute, so that the middle of the niobium circular plate is deformed, and the middle of the niobium circular plate is not provided with a wrinkle and is retracted;
after the niobium circular plate is turned over for 180 degrees, a through hole with the diameter of 50mm is formed in the bottom of the niobium circular plate, a convex film is replaced, an 80-ton press is adopted to press down to the set pressure of 70 tons, and then the pressure is maintained for 1 minute, so that the bottom of the niobium circular plate is deformed, the purpose of hole flanging is achieved, and a half bowl part with a hole at the bottom is formed by die stripping;
placing the half bowl part into a processing tool, clamping the half bowl part on a numerically controlled lathe chuck by using the tool for alignment, ensuring that radial runout is smaller than 0.1mm, and respectively turning two ends of the half bowl part to meet the drawing size requirement;
processing a flange according to a drawing, and arranging three sealing grooves on the flange; adopting a niobium plate with the thickness of 1mm to manufacture a niobium pipe in a rolling way;
butt-welding equators of the two half bowl parts by adopting a vacuum electron beam welding mode, and welding the niobium pipes at bottom through holes of the two half bowl parts;
heating the flange to 80 ℃, cooling the niobium pipe to minus 70 ℃, carrying out heat preservation for 30 minutes, assembling the flange and the niobium pipe, heating to 1060 ℃ in a vacuum environment after the assembly is completed, adopting oxygen-free copper wires to melt and fill gaps between three sealing grooves on the flange and the niobium pipe, completing welding between the niobium pipe and the flange, cooling to room temperature, and taking out to form an initial thin-wall radio-frequency superconducting cavity;
and processing the initial thin-wall radio frequency superconducting cavity to a drawing size, and performing oil-free cleaning on the initial thin-wall radio frequency superconducting cavity to manufacture the thin-wall radio frequency superconducting cavity.
Preferably, the flange is machined according to the drawing by adopting stainless steel with the thickness of 18 mm.
Preferably, the welding mode between the niobium pipe and the flange is braze welding.
Compared with the prior art, the manufacturing method of the thin-wall radio frequency superconducting cavity provided by the application adopts the niobium circular plate with the diameter of 275mm and the thickness of 1mm to carry out three-time stamping manufacturing, so that the heat conduction effect can be improved, the flowing distance of the plate is reduced, and the risk of wrinkling and tearing of the plate in the stamping process is reduced. And processing three sealing grooves on the connecting flange. The niobium pipe is formed by rolling, welding and processing a niobium plate with the thickness of 1mm. The flange and the niobium pipe are welded and connected, the welding flux adopts oxygen-free copper wires with diameters, the oxygen-free copper wires are embedded in three sealing grooves on the flange, the flange and the niobium pipe are required to be in seamless fit, the flange is heated to 80 ℃, the niobium pipe is cooled to minus 70 ℃, the assembly is carried out after the heat preservation is carried out for 30 minutes, after the assembly is completed, the flange is heated to 1060 ℃ in a vacuum environment, the oxygen-free copper wires are melted, a capillary phenomenon is formed due to small gaps, the oxygen-free copper is filled in the gap between the flange and the niobium pipe, the welding is completed, the flange is cooled to room temperature and taken out, and then the thin-wall radio-frequency superconducting cavity can be manufactured by oil-free cleaning. And further, the risk of low-temperature quench can be effectively reduced, and the heat conduction performance of the radio frequency superconducting cavity is improved.
Drawings
For a clearer description of the technical solutions of the present application, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without making any effort.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a tool for machining a thin-wall radio frequency superconducting cavity according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a thin-walled RF superconducting cavity according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a flange and niobium pipe welded according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is an enlarged view at a provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical solutions in the present application, the following description will be made in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The core of the application is to provide a manufacturing method of a thin-wall radio frequency superconducting cavity, which can solve the problems of low heat conduction performance and high low-temperature quench risk of the traditional radio frequency superconducting cavity manufacturing mode in the prior art.
A method of manufacturing a thin-walled radio frequency superconducting cavity, the method comprising the steps of:
s1: and blanking the niobium circular plate with the diameter of 275mm and the thickness of 1mm, selecting a defect-free surface to face upwards after observation by naked eyes in an annealed state, coating lubricating oil on the two sides of the niobium circular plate, putting the niobium circular plate into a stamping die, installing a lower pressing plate at the bottom of the stamping die, and installing an upper pressing plate on the niobium circular plate, wherein the stamping die comprises a convex film positioned on the niobium circular plate and a concave film positioned below the niobium circular plate.
Specifically, a niobium circular plate with the diameter of 275mm and the thickness of 1mm is selected, after annealing, the defect-free surface is selected for observation by naked eyes, lubricating oil is smeared on the upper surface and the lower surface of the niobium circular plate, then the niobium circular plate is placed into a stamping die in a defect-free surface-up mode, specifically, the niobium circular plate is placed between a convex film and a concave film, an upper pressing plate is placed on the convex film, and a lower pressing plate is placed at the bottom of the concave film.
S2: and (3) pressing down to the set pressure of 20 tons by adopting a 50 ton press, and maintaining the pressure for 1 minute so as to deform the outer edge of the niobium circular plate and enable the outer edge to be free from wrinkles.
The first stamping adopts 20 tons of pressure to carry out the pressing operation, and finally the outer edge of the niobium circular plate is deformed and the outer edge is not wrinkled and is retracted.
S3: after the convex film is replaced, a 50 ton press is adopted to press down to the set pressure of 20 tons, and then the pressure is maintained for 1 minute, so that the middle of the niobium circular plate is deformed, and the middle of the niobium circular plate is not wrinkled and is retracted.
And in the second stamping, the concave film in the step S2 is required to be replaced, then the pressing operation is carried out by using 20 tons of pressure, and finally, the middle of the niobium circular plate is deformed and the middle of the niobium circular plate is not wrinkled, and then the die is retracted.
S4: after the niobium circular plate is turned 180 degrees, a through hole with the diameter of 50mm is formed in the bottom of the niobium circular plate, a convex film is replaced, an 80-ton press is adopted to press down to the set pressure of 70 tons, and then the pressure is maintained for 1 minute, so that the bottom of the niobium circular plate is deformed, the purpose of hole flanging is achieved, and the die is removed to form a semi-bowl part with holes at the bottom.
And in the third stamping, the niobium circular plate needs to be overturned, a through hole is formed in the bottom of the niobium circular plate, then the convex film in the step S3 needs to be replaced again, the pressing operation is carried out under the pressure of 70 tons, the bottom of the niobium circular plate is finally deformed, the purpose of hole flanging is achieved, the folds are retracted, and after the third stamping, the original niobium circular plate can be manufactured into a half bowl part with a hole in the bottom.
S5: and placing the half bowl part into a processing tool, using the tool to clamp the half bowl part on a numerically controlled lathe chuck for alignment, ensuring that radial runout is less than 0.1mm, and respectively turning two ends of the half bowl part to meet the drawing size requirement.
S6: processing a flange according to a drawing, and arranging three sealing grooves on the flange; and (5) adopting a rolled niobium plate with the thickness of 1mm to manufacture the niobium pipe. Preferably, the flange is machined according to the drawing by adopting stainless steel with the thickness of 18 mm.
S7: the large openings of the two half bowl parts are welded in a butt joint mode by adopting a vacuum electron beam welding mode, and niobium pipes are welded at the bottom through holes of the two half bowl parts;
s8: heating the flange to 80 ℃, cooling the niobium pipe to minus 70 ℃, assembling the flange and the niobium pipe after heat preservation for 30 minutes, heating to 1060 ℃ in a vacuum environment after the assembly is completed, adopting oxygen-free copper wires to melt and fill gaps between three sealing grooves on the flange and the niobium pipe, completing welding between the niobium pipe and the flange, cooling to room temperature, and taking out to form an initial thin-wall radio frequency superconducting cavity; preferably, the welding mode between the niobium pipe and the flange is brazing welding. The diameter of the oxygen-free copper wire is 1mm.
S9: and processing the initial thin-wall radio frequency superconducting cavity to the drawing size, and performing oil-free cleaning on the initial thin-wall radio frequency superconducting cavity to manufacture the thin-wall radio frequency superconducting cavity.
Fig. 1 is a tooling diagram for processing a thin-wall radio frequency superconducting cavity according to an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 2 is a finished product diagram of the thin-wall radio frequency superconducting cavity according to an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 3 is a welding sectional view of a flange and a niobium pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 4 is an enlarged view at a point a according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 to 4.
In the figure, 1 denotes an upper press plate, 2 denotes a convex film, 3 denotes a half bowl part, 4 denotes a concave film, 5 denotes a lower press plate, 6 denotes a niobium pipe, 7 denotes a flange, 8 denotes an oxygen-free copper wire, and 9 denotes a sealing groove.
According to the manufacturing method of the thin-wall radio frequency superconducting cavity, the niobium circular plate with the diameter of 275mm and the thickness of 1mm is adopted for three-time stamping manufacturing, so that the heat conduction effect can be improved, the flowing distance of the plate is reduced, and the risk of wrinkling and tearing of the plate in the stamping process is reduced. And processing three sealing grooves on the connecting flange. The niobium pipe is formed by rolling, welding and processing a niobium plate with the thickness of 1mm. The flange and the niobium pipe are welded and connected, the welding flux adopts oxygen-free copper wires with diameters, the oxygen-free copper wires are embedded in three sealing grooves on the flange, the flange and the niobium pipe are required to be in seamless fit, the flange is heated to 80 ℃, the niobium pipe is cooled to minus 70 ℃, the assembly is carried out after the heat preservation is carried out for 30 minutes, after the assembly is completed, the flange is heated to 1060 ℃ in a vacuum environment, the oxygen-free copper wires are melted, a capillary phenomenon is formed due to small gaps, the oxygen-free copper is filled in the gap between the flange and the niobium pipe, the welding is completed, the flange is cooled to room temperature and taken out, and then the thin-wall radio-frequency superconducting cavity can be manufactured by oil-free cleaning. And further, the risk of low-temperature quench can be effectively reduced, and the heat conduction performance of the radio frequency superconducting cavity is improved.
Other embodiments of the present application will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the application disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the application following, in general, the principles of the application and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the application pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope of the application being indicated by the following claims.
It is to be understood that the present application is not limited to the precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown in the drawings, which have been described above, and that various modifications and changes may be effected without departing from the scope thereof. The above-described embodiments of the present application are not intended to limit the scope of the present application.
Claims (3)
1. A method of manufacturing a thin-walled radio frequency superconducting cavity, comprising:
blanking a niobium circular plate with the diameter of 275mm and the thickness of 1mm, selecting a defect-free surface to face upwards after observation by naked eyes in an annealed state, coating lubricating oil on both sides of the niobium circular plate, putting the niobium circular plate into a stamping die, mounting a lower pressing plate at the bottom of the stamping die, and mounting an upper pressing plate on the niobium circular plate, wherein the stamping die comprises a convex film positioned on the niobium circular plate and a concave film positioned below the niobium circular plate;
adopting a 50-ton press to the set pressure of 20 tons, and then maintaining the pressure for 1 minute so as to deform the outer edge of the niobium circular plate and enable the outer edge to be free of wrinkles and back to the die;
after the convex film is replaced, a 50 ton press is adopted to press down to the set pressure of 20 tons, and then the pressure is maintained for 1 minute, so that the middle of the niobium circular plate is deformed, and the middle of the niobium circular plate is not provided with a wrinkle and is retracted;
after the niobium circular plate is turned over for 180 degrees, a through hole with the diameter of 50mm is formed in the bottom of the niobium circular plate, a convex film is replaced, an 80-ton press is adopted to press down to the set pressure of 70 tons, and then the pressure is maintained for 1 minute, so that the bottom of the niobium circular plate is deformed, the purpose of hole flanging is achieved, and a half bowl part with a hole at the bottom is formed by die stripping;
placing the half bowl part into a processing tool, clamping the half bowl part on a numerically controlled lathe chuck by using the tool for alignment, ensuring that radial runout is smaller than 0.1mm, and respectively turning two ends of the half bowl part to meet the drawing size requirement;
processing a flange according to a drawing, and arranging three sealing grooves on the flange; adopting a niobium plate with the thickness of 1mm to manufacture a niobium pipe in a rolling way;
butt-welding equators of the two half bowl parts by adopting a vacuum electron beam welding mode, and welding the niobium pipes at bottom through holes of the two half bowl parts;
heating the flange to 80 ℃, cooling the niobium pipe to minus 70 ℃, carrying out heat preservation for 30 minutes, assembling the flange and the niobium pipe, heating to 1060 ℃ in a vacuum environment after the assembly is completed, adopting oxygen-free copper wires to melt and fill gaps between three sealing grooves on the flange and the niobium pipe, completing welding between the niobium pipe and the flange, cooling to room temperature, and taking out to form an initial thin-wall radio-frequency superconducting cavity;
and processing the initial thin-wall radio frequency superconducting cavity to a drawing size, and performing oil-free cleaning on the initial thin-wall radio frequency superconducting cavity to manufacture the thin-wall radio frequency superconducting cavity.
2. The method of manufacturing a thin-walled rf superconducting cavity according to claim 1, wherein the machining of the flange according to the drawing is machining the flange according to the drawing using stainless steel with a thickness of 18 mm.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the welding between the niobium tube and the flange is brazing.
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| CN113373483A (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2021-09-10 | 中国科学院近代物理研究所 | Preparation method of copper-based thick-wall niobium-based superconducting cavity |
| CN113385894A (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2021-09-14 | 中国科学院近代物理研究所 | Radio frequency superconducting resonant cavity based on high-thermal-conductivity material and high-radio-frequency-performance superconducting material composite board and preparation method thereof |
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