CN110605537B - Manufacturing method of titanium alloy bent conduit - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of titanium alloy bent conduit Download PDFInfo
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- CN110605537B CN110605537B CN201910875499.3A CN201910875499A CN110605537B CN 110605537 B CN110605537 B CN 110605537B CN 201910875499 A CN201910875499 A CN 201910875499A CN 110605537 B CN110605537 B CN 110605537B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a manufacturing method of a titanium alloy bent conduit, which comprises the following steps: according to the strength requirement of the titanium alloy bent conduit, selecting titanium alloy plates with proper thickness, and spreading and blanking to obtain two annular plates with four corners being arc sections; sealing and welding the inner edge and the outer edge of the two overlapped annular plates, and welding the two annular plates together; after the welding of the annular plate is finished, welding a ventilating duct on the part of the annular plate between the arc sections to form a combined blank; coating a protective coating on the outer surface of the combined blank piece; performing superplastic forming on the combined blank; and after the superplastic forming is finished, cooling and taking out the formed piece, and performing post-treatment on the formed piece to obtain the bent conduit. The manufacturing method of the invention can form four bent conduits by one-time heating die filling, and solves the problems of low efficiency, difficult cutting allowance, large welding difficulty and poor forming quality of the traditional hot pressing which needs a plurality of sets of dies for hot pressing forming.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of precision forming of materials difficult to deform, and particularly relates to a manufacturing method of a titanium alloy bent conduit.
Background
Titanium alloys such as TC4(Ti-6Al-4V) are widely used in aerospace, gasoline, petroleum, chemical and other fields due to their high specific strength, high impact toughness, good corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance.
At present, metal plate forming processes of titanium alloy, such as hot forming, spinning, superplastic forming/diffusion bonding and the like, are mature day by day and widely applied. However, the bending conduit and the special-shaped conduit of titanium alloy such as TC4, Ta18, Ti55 and the like are difficult to manufacture, mainly because the titanium alloy is difficult to form at normal temperature, and the conventional numerical control pipe bender is only suitable for normal temperature state, and if a heating bent pipe is adopted, the temperature is difficult to control, so that the thermal bending of titanium alloy conduits such as TC4, Ta18, Ti55 and the like is not realized at present. The traditional manufacturing method of the titanium alloy bent conduit is to form two half pipes by two sets of hot pressing dies respectively, mark lines on a core rod to remove allowance, and then combine the two half pipes into a whole pipe through manual argon arc welding. The forming mode needs two sets of dies and is divided into two times of heating and clamping. And the formed part often adopts the mode of manual marking off, roller shear cutting to get rid of the process margin, and follow-up manual argon arc welding operation degree of difficulty is big, and welding deformation is difficult to control, leads to finally obtained part circularity, axiality often to be difficult to reach the requirement, influences subsequent assembly.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above situation in the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a titanium alloy curved catheter, which is suitable for manufacturing an integral tube of a titanium alloy such as TC4, Ta18, Ti55 which is difficult to deform, optimizes the process flow, reduces the labor intensity of operators, and improves the forming quality and forming efficiency.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
a manufacturing method of a titanium alloy bent conduit comprises the following steps:
selecting a titanium alloy plate with proper thickness according to the strength requirement of the titanium alloy bent conduit, and accurately unfolding and blanking to obtain two annular plates with four corners being arc sections, wherein the width of each annular plate is set according to the diameter of the titanium alloy bent conduit;
sealing and welding the inner edge and the outer edge of the two overlapped annular plates, and welding the two annular plates together;
after the welding of the annular plate is finished, welding a ventilating duct on the part of the annular plate between the arc sections to form a combined blank;
coating protective paint on the outer surface of the combined blank to prevent the plates from being oxidized at high temperature or the plates from being connected in a diffusion mode at high temperature;
performing superplastic forming on the combined blank;
and after the superplastic forming is finished, cooling, taking out the formed piece, and performing post-treatment on the formed piece to obtain the bent conduit.
In the method for manufacturing a titanium alloy bent pipe according to the present invention, there is further included a step of coating solder resists on surface areas of the two annular plate materials opposed to each other except for an area to be welded, before the sealing.
In the manufacturing method of the titanium alloy bent conduit, the superplastic gas bulging forming specifically comprises the steps of loading the combined blank into a mold, heating, vacuumizing a mold cavity when the temperature reaches 200-250 ℃, heating to a temperature above the superplastic deformation critical temperature of the titanium alloy, and carrying out high-pressure inert gas blowing bulging, wherein the forming pressure is less than or equal to 2MPa for a plate with the thickness of less than 2 mm. The temperature is preferably increased to 900-915 ℃ when the temperature is increased to be higher than the superplastic deformation critical temperature of the titanium alloy.
In the manufacturing method of the titanium alloy bent conduit according to the invention, the selection of the titanium alloy sheet with the proper thickness comprises the steps of performing sheet superplastic forming finite element analysis, predicting sheet thinning, and performing corresponding thickness compensation by considering the sheet thinning when selecting raw materials.
In the method of manufacturing a titanium alloy curved catheter according to the present invention, the titanium alloy is TC4, Ti55, or Ta 18.
In the method of manufacturing a titanium alloy bent catheter according to the present invention, the post-treatment includes a cutting profile and an alkali-pickling treatment, and the alkali-pickling treatment functions to remove a surface coating and an oxidized scale.
In the manufacturing method of the titanium alloy bent conduit, the components of the protective coating comprise 50g of graphite powder, 300g of BN powder and 1L of absolute ethyl alcohol, the mixture is placed in a container, solute particles are subjected to ball milling and refining by a ball mill, and the solute particles are uniformly dispersed in an absolute ethyl alcohol solvent.
The manufacturing method of the titanium alloy bent conduit is suitable for manufacturing the titanium alloy whole pipe which is difficult to deform, such as TC4, and the like, four bent conduits can be formed by one-time heating and die filling, and the problems that the traditional hot pressing needs a plurality of sets of dies for hot pressing, the efficiency is low, the cutting allowance is difficult, the welding difficulty is large, and the forming quality is poor are solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 illustrates the dimensional requirements of a TC4 curved catheter in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a sheet expanded batt of a TC4 bent catheter of an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a process diagram for forming a plate material in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For a clearer understanding of the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
FIG. 1 illustrates the dimensional requirements of a TC4 gold curved catheter in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The pipe diameter is phi 50, the lengths of two straight line segments are 70mm and 80mm respectively, and the bending radius is R50. The left side of the upper part of fig. 1 is a front view of the titanium alloy bent pipe, the right side of the upper part of fig. 1 is a left side view in the case of the front view, and the lower part of fig. 1 is a top view in the case of the front view.
Fig. 2 is a drawing of a sheet development batt of a TC4 bent duct according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is a drawing of a sheet precise development batt designed according to design dimensional requirements. The unfolded wool is annular, the annular is roughly square, four corners are arc sections, the shadow part 1 is the wool, the reference numeral 2 is an outline line, and the reference numeral 3 is an inner outline line.
Fig. 3 is a process diagram for forming a plate material in an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, the reference numeral 4 is a welding seam between two plates, 5 is a cutting line after forming, and 8 in total, and 6 is a duct for ventilation in the forming process, generally a titanium tube.
According to the strength requirement of the titanium alloy bent conduit, selecting a titanium alloy plate with proper thickness, and cutting and blanking by laser according to the graph shown in figure 2. In order to enable the thickness of the formed material of the subsequent plate to meet the design requirement, the superplastic forming finite element analysis of the plate is carried out, the thinning of the plate is predicted, the thinning of the plate is considered when the raw material is selected, so that the corresponding thickness compensation is carried out, the plate with the proper thickness is selected, and then the laser cutting accurate blanking is carried out, so that two square annular plates with four corners being arc sections are obtained.
For example, when the curved duct material is TC4, with a theoretical thickness of 2mm, a minimum reduction of 40% is required. Numerical simulations can be performed using MARC software. The strain rate was chosen to be 9.8X 10-4and/S, the strain rate sensitivity index m =0.57, and K =998.5 can be obtained according to the constitutive equation, so that the TC4 superplastic forming constitutive equation is determined. The minimum pressure value is 0.001MPa, and the maximum pressure is 2 MPa. The simulation resulted in a minimum wall thickness of 1.6mm and a maximum wall thickness of 1.1 mm. It is clear that 1.1mm does not meet the design requirement for a minimum 40% reduction. Thus, a Φ 2.5mm material can be chosen to obtain a curved catheter with a wall thickness that meets the requirements. The wall thickness distribution of the formed sheet can be predicted through simulation, and a forming pressure time curve can be obtained at the same time.
The superplastic forming adopted in the embodiment is superplastic ballooning forming, which is a forming mode of completely depending on plate thinning by adopting inert gas loading when a formed material shows high plasticity different from a normal state at a certain temperature, so that a blanking graph is a vertical projection area of a part, namely the width of a shadow area in the graph is equal to the diameter of a guide pipe.
The two annular plates which are blanked in an overlapping mode are subjected to argon arc welding (vacuum argon arc welding or vacuum electron beam welding can also be adopted) on the areas near the inner contour line and the outer contour line of the two annular plates according to the area designated by 4 in the figure 3, the two annular plates are sealed and welded together, and the width of a welding joint is the plate thickness.
In order to prevent diffusion bonding of the superplastic forming areas of the two plates under the action of atmospheric pressure after subsequent vacuum-pumping and to prevent hydrogen and oxygen absorption of the titanium alloy at high temperature, solder resist may be applied to the areas of the two annular plates (i.e., the areas where the two plates will contact after welding) which are opposite to each other except for the welding area (i.e., the areas near the inner contour line and the outer contour line described above) before sealing.
Fig. 3, 5, shows the cutting lines after the forming, the total number of the cutting lines is 8, and the area of the straight line segment between every two cutting lines is the process allowance area. After the laser welding of the plate material was completed, the vent tube 6 made of Ta18 was welded to the process margin area by argon arc welding to form a composite blank.
The sealed "balloon bag" has now been completed and a low pressure gas tight test is performed to detect the formation of a sealed cavity between the venting conduit 6, the argon source and the sheet. If the cavity formed by the plate and the ventilation conduit 6 is completely sealed and is airtight, the ventilation conduit 6 and the outer surface of the plate are coated with a protective coating to prevent oxidation at high temperature, the components of the protective coating can comprise graphite powder, BN powder and absolute ethyl alcohol, the proportion is 50g of graphite powder, 300g of BN powder and 1L of absolute ethyl alcohol, and the protective coating is prepared by placing the plate in a container, ball-milling and refining solute particles by using a ball mill, and uniformly dispersing the solute particles in an absolute ethyl alcohol solvent. And (3) filling the combined blank into a die, wherein the shape of the plate completely blocks the die cavity of the die, the combined blank is sent into a machine tool to be heated, and when the temperature reaches 200-250 ℃ (in the embodiment, the temperature is preferably 250 ℃), the combined blank is subjected to vacuumizing and low-pressure argon blowing for 3 times in sequence, so that the inert gas atmosphere in the die cavity is ensured, and the plate is prevented from being oxidized by subsequent air flowing into the die cavity. And then continuously heating, introducing argon according to an optimal pressure-time curve obtained by finite element simulation when the temperature reaches 900-915 ℃ (915 ℃ in the embodiment) to perform superplastic gas bulging forming, wherein in the embodiment, the pressure of the argon is increased from 0 to 1.5 MPa. In the forming process, the plate is completely clamped into the die cavity, and the bulging of the plate is close to free bulging. And (3) along with the continuous die pasting of the parts, the laser welding joint is stretched under tensile stress until each area of the whole plate is die pasted.
After the forming is finished according to a preset pressure-time curve, after the die is cooled to below 300 ℃, taking out a formed part, carrying out laser cutting according to 8 cutting lines 5 shown in figure 3, cutting the formed part into 4 parts, and removing a surface coating and an oxide skin through alkali disintegration and acid pickling to obtain 4 finished products.
Claims (2)
1. A manufacturing method of a titanium alloy bent conduit comprises the following steps:
selecting a titanium alloy plate with proper thickness according to the strength requirement of the titanium alloy bent conduit, accurately unfolding and blanking to obtain two annular plates with four arc-shaped corners, wherein the width of each annular plate is set according to the diameter of the titanium alloy bent conduit, the titanium alloy is TC4, Ti55 or Ta18, the selection of the titanium alloy plate with proper thickness comprises the steps of carrying out superplastic forming finite element analysis on the plates, predicting the thinning of the plates, and considering the thinning of the plates to carry out corresponding thickness compensation when raw materials are selected;
sealing and welding the inner edge and the outer edge of the two overlapped annular plates, and welding the two annular plates together;
after the welding of the annular plate is finished, welding a ventilating duct on the part of the annular plate between the arc sections to form a combined blank;
coating a protective coating on the outer surface of the combined blank piece;
performing superplastic forming on the combined blank piece, wherein the superplastic forming specifically comprises the steps of loading the combined blank piece into a mold, heating, vacuumizing a mold cavity when the temperature reaches 200-250 ℃, heating to a temperature above the superplastic deformation critical temperature of the titanium alloy, and blowing high-pressure inert gas for bulging, wherein the temperature is increased to 900-915 ℃ when the temperature is increased to the temperature above the superplastic deformation critical temperature of the titanium alloy;
after the superplastic forming is finished, cooling and cooling, taking out a formed part, cutting the formed part into 4 parts, removing a surface coating and an oxide skin by alkali disintegration and acid pickling to obtain 4 bent catheters,
the method further comprises the step of applying solder resist on the surface areas of the two annular sheets opposite to each other except for the areas to be welded, prior to the sealing.
2. The method for manufacturing a titanium alloy bent catheter as defined in claim 1, wherein said protective coating comprises graphite powder, BN powder and absolute ethyl alcohol in a ratio of 50g graphite powder, 300g BN powder and 1L absolute ethyl alcohol.
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| CN102161146A (en) * | 2010-12-24 | 2011-08-24 | 湖北汽车工业学院 | Manufacturing method of elbow |
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| CN104493436B (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2018-11-09 | 北京航星机器制造有限公司 | A kind of manufacturing method having the both ends in-flanges titanium alloy cylindrical part for forcing feed supplement |
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