CN114178660A - TIG welding method and apparatus - Google Patents
TIG welding method and apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN114178660A CN114178660A CN202111598616.XA CN202111598616A CN114178660A CN 114178660 A CN114178660 A CN 114178660A CN 202111598616 A CN202111598616 A CN 202111598616A CN 114178660 A CN114178660 A CN 114178660A
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 175
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 12
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/167—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a non-consumable electrode
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/12—Automatic feeding or moving of electrodes or work for spot or seam welding or cutting
- B23K9/133—Means for feeding electrodes, e.g. drums, rolls, motors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/24—Features related to electrodes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a TIG welding method and equipment, wherein the TIG welding method comprises the following steps: providing a first part to be welded and a second part to be welded which are butted, wherein the butted first part to be welded and the butted second part to be welded comprise a first surface and a second surface which are arranged oppositely; forming a groove at the butt joint of the first part to be welded and the second part to be welded, wherein the groove is formed on the first surface, and the notch of the groove faces to the direction away from the second surface; and welding the first part to be welded and the second part to be welded by adopting TIG welding equipment to form a welding line in the groove and realize single-side welding and double-side forming. In the welding process, the first part to be welded and the second part to be welded are mutually abutted, the risk of misalignment between the first part to be welded and the second part to be welded is reduced, and the welding quality is improved. In addition, a welding seam is formed in the groove, so that a first part to be welded and a second part to be welded can be welded, the effect of single-side welding and double-side forming is achieved, and the welding efficiency is remarkably improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of welding, in particular to a TIG welding method and TIG welding equipment.
Background
The 9Ni steel for low-temperature environment is low-carbon quenched and tempered steel, and the structure of the low-carbon quenched and tempered steel is martensite and bainite. The steel has high strength and low-temperature impact toughness at extremely low temperature. Compared with austenitic stainless steel, the material has the advantages of small thermal expansion coefficient and good economical efficiency. Since research in 1960 proved that it can be safely used without post-weld stress relief heat treatment, 9Ni steel has become one of the main materials for manufacturing large-sized LNG storage tanks. The vertical welding technology of 9% Ni steel for LNG storage tanks is a difficult point of the current technology development.
At present, 9Ni steel vertical welding mainly uses argon tungsten-arc welding and manual electric arc welding, wherein the manual electric arc welding has the problems of low efficiency, high labor intensity, high pollution, difficult guarantee of welding quality and the like, and the popularization of the manual electric arc welding is restricted. Therefore, the development of a 9% Ni steel welding process which is more efficient and superior than the traditional manual electric arc welding has huge engineering application prospect and economic efficiency.
The high-efficiency TIG Welding technology is a new technology for realizing TIG Welding at the speed of MIG (Melt Inert-Gas Welding), and the high-efficiency TIG Welding is a new technology for realizing TIG Welding by controlling the forward and reverse rotation of a wire feeding wheel through a servo motor on the basis of the traditional hot wire TIG Welding, and the high-efficiency TIG Welding system is beneficial to discharging Gas and impurities in a molten pool and increasing the movement of liquid metal in the crystallization process by strongly stirring the molten pool, vibrating the molten pool and increasing the fluidity of the molten pool so as to effectively improve the Welding speed and reduce the defects of Welding seams and improve the quality of the Welding seams, so that the high-efficiency TIG Welding system provides necessary conditions for the development and control of a 9Ni steel argon arc Welding process.
However, in the related art, the welding quality of the vertical welding of 9Ni steel by adopting the manual arc welding technology is not ideal, the development of the vertical welding of 9Ni steel is restricted by adopting the argon tungsten-arc welding due to the welding efficiency, and the high-efficiency TIG welding technology can just fill the blank in the aspect, thereby meeting the requirements of both the welding quality and the welding efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a TIG welding method and TIG welding equipment capable of improving the quality of a welding seam.
The TIG welding method of the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
providing a first part to be welded and a second part to be welded which are butted, wherein the first part to be welded and the second part to be welded which are butted comprise a first surface and a second surface which are arranged oppositely;
forming a groove at the butt joint of the first part to be welded and the second part to be welded, wherein the groove is formed on the first surface, and the notch of the groove faces to the direction away from the second surface;
and welding the first part to be welded and the second part to be welded by adopting TIG welding equipment to form a welding line in the groove and realize single-side welding and double-side forming.
According to some embodiments of the invention, forming a groove at the butt joint of the first part to be welded and the second part to be welded comprises:
forming a first groove at the position of the first workpiece to be welded, which faces the second workpiece to be welded;
forming a second groove at the position of the second part to be welded, which faces the first part to be welded;
and butting the first part to be welded and the second part to be welded so that the first groove and the second groove are butted to form the groove.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the first bevel comprises a first bottom surface, a first rounded transition surface and a first side surface, the first rounded transition surface being connected to the first bottom surface and the first side surface, respectively;
the included angle between the first bottom surface and the first side surface is 96-100 degrees;
the radius of the first arc transition surface is between 2.2mm and 2.6 mm;
the distance between the first bottom surface and the second surface is 1.8 mm-2 mm;
the second groove has the same structure as the first groove.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the groove extends along a butt seam of the first and second parts to be welded;
the cross section of the groove is U-shaped along the direction perpendicular to the butt joint gap.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the method further comprises:
and providing a back gas protection device which is arranged on the second surface and covers and seals a butt joint gap between the first part to be welded and the second part to be welded.
According to some embodiments of the invention, welding the first part to be welded and the second part to be welded using a TIG welding apparatus to form a weld within the groove includes:
providing a welding gun, wherein the welding gun comprises a tungsten electrode and a conductive nozzle, the tungsten electrode comprises a cylindrical part and a circular truncated cone part, the bottom surface of the circular truncated cone part is arranged on the top surface of the cylindrical part, the diameter of the cylindrical part is 3.2mm, the diameter of the top surface of the circular truncated cone part is 0.5mm, and the cone angle of the circular truncated cone part is 30 degrees;
and providing a welding wire, wherein the welding wire is arranged in the contact tip in a penetrating mode, and the included angle between the welding wire and the axis of the tungsten electrode is 40-50 degrees.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the length of the welding wire exposed to the front end surface of the contact tip is 8mm to 12 mm.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, welding the first part to be welded and the second part to be welded using a TIG welding apparatus to form a weld in the groove, further comprising:
and reciprocating the welding gun between two opposite side surfaces of the groove, and maintaining the contact time of the tungsten electrode and the two opposite side surfaces for at least a set time.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the set time is 0.1 second.
The TIG welding apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention employs any one of the TIG welding methods described above.
One embodiment of the above invention has at least the following advantages or benefits:
in the TIG welding method and the TIG welding equipment, the first part to be welded and the second part to be welded are butted, and a groove is formed at the butt joint part, wherein the groove is only formed on the first surface, but not formed on the second surface. Because the first to-be-welded piece and the second to-be-welded piece are butted, in the welding process, the first to-be-welded piece and the second to-be-welded piece are butted with each other, the risk of misalignment between the first to-be-welded piece and the second to-be-welded piece is reduced, and the welding quality is improved. In addition, a welding seam is formed in the groove, so that a first part to be welded and a second part to be welded can be welded, the effect of single-side welding and double-side forming is achieved, and the welding efficiency is remarkably improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of a TIG welding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows a flow chart of a TIG welding method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the first member to be welded and the second member to be welded butted together according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 shows a schematic view of a backside protection device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 shows a schematic view of a tungsten electrode according to an embodiment of the invention.
Wherein the reference numerals are as follows:
1. welding power supply
2. Hot wire power supply wire feeding integrated machine
3. Welding gun
31. Gun body
32. Tungsten electrode
322. Round platform part
323. Cylindrical part
33. Conductive nozzle
4. First part to be welded
41. First groove
42. First bottom surface
43. First arc transition surface
44. First side surface
5. Second to-be-welded part
51. Second bevel
52. Second bottom surface
53. Second arc transition surface
54. Second side surface
6. Groove
7. Butt joint gap
8. Welding wire
91. First surface
92. Second surface
10. Back air protection device
11. Air inlet
Detailed Description
Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example embodiments may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of example embodiments to those skilled in the art. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar structures, and thus their detailed description will be omitted.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic view of a TIG welding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. The TIG welding equipment of the embodiment of the invention comprises a welding power supply 1, a hot wire power supply and wire feeding integrated machine 2 and a welding gun 3. The positive pole of the welding power supply 1 is connected with a piece to be welded, and the negative pole of the welding power supply 1 is connected with the welding gun 3 to form a welding loop. The negative pole of the hot wire power supply wire feeding integrated machine 2 is connected with the end part of the contact nozzle 33 of the welding gun 3, and the positive pole of the hot wire power supply wire feeding integrated machine 2 is connected with a part to be welded and used for heating the welding wire 8 and conveying the welding wire 8 to the front end part of the welding gun 3.
It is to be understood that the terms "comprises" and "comprising," as well as any variations thereof, in the embodiments of the present invention, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not limited to only those steps or elements listed, but may alternatively include other steps or elements not listed, or may alternatively include other steps or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
In this embodiment, the hot wire power supply and the wire feeder are integrated. In other embodiments, the hot wire power supply and wire feeder may also be separated into two separate devices.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, fig. 2 is a flow chart illustrating a TIG welding method according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 3 shows a schematic view of the first part to be welded 4 and the second part to be welded 5 butted together according to the embodiment of the present invention. The TIG welding method of the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
step S110, providing a first to-be-welded part 4 and a second to-be-welded part 5 which are butted, wherein the butted first to-be-welded part 4 and second to-be-welded part 5 comprise a first surface 91 and a second surface 92 which are arranged oppositely;
step S130, forming a groove 6 at the butt joint of the first to-be-welded part 4 and the second to-be-welded part 5, wherein the groove 6 is formed on the first surface 91, and the notch of the groove 6 faces to the direction away from the second surface 92;
and S150, welding the first to-be-welded part 4 and the second to-be-welded part 5 by using TIG welding equipment to form a welding seam in the groove 6.
In the TIG welding method according to the embodiment of the present invention, the first member to be welded 4 and the second member to be welded 5 are butted, and the groove 6 is formed at the butt joint, and the groove 6 is formed only on the first surface 91 and is not formed on the second surface 92. Because first 4 and the second 5 butt joints of waiting to weld, like this, in welding process, first 4 and the second of waiting to weld are 5 mutual butt joints, have reduced both risks that take place the wrong limit, have promoted welding quality. In addition, the welding seam formed in the groove 6 can weld the first part to be welded 4 and the second part to be welded 5, namely, the first surface 91 is welded, the first surface 91 and the second surface 92 are both formed, the effect of single-side welding and double-side forming is achieved, and the welding efficiency is remarkably improved.
In an exemplary embodiment, in step S130, forming a groove 6 at the butt joint of the first to-be-welded part 4 and the second to-be-welded part 5 includes:
forming a first bevel 41 at a position where the first to-be-welded part 4 faces the second to-be-welded part 5;
forming a second bevel 51 at a position where the second part to be welded 5 faces the first part to be welded 4;
and butting the first part to be welded 4 and the second part to be welded 5, so that the first bevel 41 and the second bevel 51 are butted to form the groove 6.
In the present embodiment, the groove 6 is defined by the first bevel 41 and the second bevel 51. That is to say, before the welding action is performed, a first bevel 41 is formed at a position where the first part to be welded 4 faces the second part to be welded 5, a second bevel 51 is formed at a position where the second part to be welded 5 faces the first part to be welded 4, and then the first part to be welded 4 and the second part to be welded 5 are butted, so that the first bevel 41 and the second bevel 51 are butted to form the groove 6.
It is understood that the material of the first to-be-welded part 4 and the second to-be-welded part 5 is 9Ni steel, but not limited thereto. The first part to be welded 4 and the second part to be welded 5 may be both plates, and the plate thickness is 16mm, but not limited thereto.
A first bevel 41 is formed on first part to be welded 4, and milling processing, that is, a joint of a top surface and a side surface of first part to be welded 4 is milled by a milling cutter. The second bevel 51 formed on the second member to be welded 5 may be milled in the same manner.
Of course, it can be understood that the forming process of the groove 6 in the above embodiment is to form the first bevel 41 and the second bevel 51 on the first to-be-welded part 4 and the second to-be-welded part 5, and then butt-joint the first to-be-welded part 4 and the second to-be-welded part 5 to form the groove 6. In other embodiments, the first part to be welded 4 and the second part to be welded 5 may be butted, and then the butted joint of the first part to be welded 4 and the second part to be welded 5 is milled to form the groove 6.
It should be noted that the first bevel 41 and the second bevel 51 may have the same structural size, and are symmetrically disposed with the butt seam 7 of the first to-be-welded part 4 and the second to-be-welded part 5. Of course, the first bevel 41 and the second bevel 51 may be different, for example, the size of the first bevel 41 may be larger than the size of the second bevel 51, or the size of the first bevel 41 may be smaller than the size of the second bevel 51.
It will be appreciated that the recess 6 communicates with the abutment gap 7, i.e. the abutment gap 7 extends through the bottom surface of the recess 6.
It is worth mentioning that after the groove 6 is formed and before the welding operation is performed, the side and bottom surfaces of the groove 6 and the areas of the first to-be-welded part 4 and the second to-be-welded part 5 adjacent to the groove 6 are ground until the metallic luster is exposed. Thus, the welding quality is improved. The sanding operation may employ, but is not limited to, a wire brush to brush the sanded area back and forth.
Referring to fig. 3, the first bevel 41 includes a first bottom surface 42, a first arc transition surface 43 and a first side surface 44, and the first arc transition surface 43 is connected to the first bottom surface 42 and the first side surface 44, respectively. The included angle between the first bottom surface 42 and the first side surface 44 is 96 degrees to 100 degrees, that is, the first bottom surface 42 is horizontally disposed, for example, parallel to the first surface 91 and the second surface 92, and the first side surface 44 is disposed at an obtuse angle with the first bottom surface 42. The included angle between the first bottom surface 42 and the first side surface 44 is, for example, 96 degrees, 97 degrees, 98 degrees, 99 degrees, 100 degrees, etc.
The radius of the first arc transition surface 43 is 2.2mm to 2.6mm, such as 2.3mm, 2.4mm, 2.5mm, etc.
The distance between the first bottom surface 42 and the second surface 92 is between 1.8mm and 2mm, such as 1.8mm, 1.9mm, 2mm, etc. It will be appreciated that the distance between the first bottom surface 42 and the second surface 92 is the length of the blunt edge.
The second bevel 51 and the first bevel 41 may have the same configuration, specifically:
the second bevel 51 includes a second bottom surface 52, a second circular-arc transition surface 53 and a second side surface 54, and the second circular-arc transition surface 53 is connected to the second bottom surface 52 and the second side surface 54, respectively. The included angle between the second bottom surface 52 and the second side surface 54 is 96 degrees to 100 degrees, that is, the second bottom surface 52 is horizontally disposed, for example, parallel to the second surface 92 and the second surface 92, and the second side surface 54 is disposed at an obtuse angle with the second bottom surface 52. The included angle between the second bottom surface 52 and the second side surface 54 is, for example, 96 degrees, 97 degrees, 98 degrees, 99 degrees, 100 degrees, etc.
The radius of the second arc transition surface 53 is 2.2mm to 2.6mm, such as 2.3mm, 2.4mm, 2.5mm, etc.
The distance between the second bottom surface 52 and the second surface 92 is between 1.8mm and 2mm, such as 1.8mm, 1.9mm, 2mm, etc.
When the first member to be welded 4 and the second member to be welded 5 are butted, a portion between the first bottom surface 42 and the second surface 92 abuts against a portion between the second bottom surface 52 and the second surface 92.
The groove 6 extends along the butt seam 7 of the first and second members to be welded 4 and 5. The cross-sectional shape of the groove 6 is substantially U-shaped in a direction perpendicular to the butt seam 7.
It will be appreciated that the "U-shape" herein is not a regular U-shape, e.g. the two sides of the groove 6 may be arranged to extend in a direction away from each other, resulting in the shape shown in fig. 3, rather than the two sides of the groove 6 being parallel to each other.
In the embodiment, the two side surfaces of the groove 6 are arranged to extend along the directions away from each other, so that the notch of the groove 6 forms a flaring structure, the tungsten electrode 32 of the welding gun 3 can move back and forth in the groove 6 more conveniently, and the welding quality is ensured.
The TIG welding method of the embodiment of the invention also comprises the following steps: a back gas protection device 10 is provided, the back gas protection device 10 being arranged at the second surface 92 and covering and closing the butt gap 7 between the first part to be welded 4 and the second part to be welded 5.
By providing the backside gas shield 10, the weld on the second surface 92 is prevented from oxidizing and causing deleterious defects to the weld metal structure.
The back gas protection device 10 is provided with a gas inlet 11, and argon gas or nitrogen gas can be filled into the back gas protection device 10 through the gas inlet 11.
In this example, the shielding gas was argon, and the gas purity was 99.99%.
Referring to fig. 1 and 5, fig. 5 is a schematic view of a tungsten electrode 32 according to an embodiment of the present invention. In one embodiment, in the step S150, welding the first to-be-welded part 4 and the second to-be-welded part 5 by using a TIG welding apparatus to form a weld in the groove 6 includes:
providing a welding gun 3, wherein the welding gun 3 comprises a gun body 31, a tungsten electrode 32 and a contact tip 33, the tungsten electrode 32 is arranged on the front end face of the gun body 31, the tungsten electrode 32 comprises a cylindrical part 323 and a circular truncated cone part 322, the bottom surface of the circular truncated cone part 322 is arranged on the top surface of the cylindrical part 323, the diameter of the cylindrical part 323 can be 3.2mm, the diameter of the top surface of the circular truncated cone part 322 is 0.5mm, and the cone angle of the circular truncated cone part 322 is 30 degrees;
providing a welding wire 8, wherein the welding wire 8 is arranged in the contact tip 33 in a penetrating way, and the included angle between the welding wire 8 and the axis of the tungsten electrode 32 is 40-50 degrees.
As shown in fig. 5, the tungsten electrode 32 includes a cylindrical portion 323 and a circular truncated portion 322 arranged in this order from the rear end to the front end, that is, the bottom surface of the circular truncated portion 322 is arranged coplanar with the top surface of the cylindrical portion 323. Thus, the tip of the tungsten electrode 32 is not too sharp, and the welding quality is ensured.
It is understood that the welding wire 8 is a solid wire and the material may be nickel-based alloy, with a wire diameter of 1.2mm, but not limited thereto.
The length of the welding wire 8 exposed on the front end surface of the contact tip 33 is 8mm to 12 mm. Also, the shortest distance between the wire 8 and the tungsten electrode 32 may be 2mm, which ensures that the wire 8 can pass through the axis of the tungsten electrode 32 during welding.
It is understood that the terms "front end surface" and "front end portion" in the present invention are defined as being far from the member to be welded, for example, the end near the member to be welded is front, and the end far from the member to be welded is rear.
In step S150, welding the first to-be-welded part 4 and the second to-be-welded part 5 with a TIG welding apparatus to form a weld in the groove 6, further comprising:
the welding torch 3 is reciprocally moved between the two opposite sides of the groove 6, and the contact time of the tungsten electrode 32 with the two opposite sides is maintained for at least a set time.
Therefore, the molten pool is stirred and vibrated in the welding process, so that the fluidity of the molten pool can be increased, the discharge of air holes and slag inclusion in the molten pool is facilitated, the welding efficiency can be increased by adding the hot wire, the welding heat input is reduced, and the mechanical property of the welding seam is improved.
In one embodiment, the set time is 0.1 seconds.
The specific parameters of the backing weld, fill weld and cosmetic weld are described in detail below. It will be understood that the backing weld refers to the formation of a first layer of weld at the bottom of the recess 6, the fill weld refers to the formation of second through N-1 layers of weld within the recess 6, and the facing weld refers to the formation of the nth (i.e., last) layer of weld within the recess 6.
The high-efficiency TIG-9Ni steel backing welding process has the following technological parameters: welding current: 170A, hot wire current: 80A, welding voltage of 10-11V, moving speed of a welding gun 3: at the speed of 120-.
The efficient TIG-9Ni steel filling welding process has the following technological parameters: welding current: 180A, hot wire current: 80A, welding voltage of 11-12V, moving speed of a welding gun 3: 160-200mm/min, the vibration frequency of the welding wire 8 is 20HZ, the welding gun 3 swings in the groove 6 for welding, and the welding gun swings to the two sides of the groove 6 and stays for 0.1 s.
The high-efficiency TIG-9Ni steel cover surface welding process has the following technological parameters: welding current: 200A, hot wire current: 80A, welding voltage of 11-12V, moving speed of a welding gun 3: 180-mm/min, the vibration frequency of the welding wire 8 is 20HZ, the welding gun 3 swings in the groove 6 for welding, and the welding gun swings to the two sides of the groove 6 and stays for 0.1 s.
In addition, the temperature between different welding layers is controlled below 100 ℃.
The TIG welding method of the present invention further includes: and detecting the welding seam. And (3) after welding, carrying out weld mechanical property detection on the welded joint, wherein the weld mechanical property detection comprises a tensile test, a bending test, hardness and weld macroscopic morphology observation.
In this example, the specific test results are shown in the following table:
in summary, the advantages and beneficial effects of the TIG welding method and apparatus of the embodiments of the present invention at least include:
in the welding process, the first 4 and the second 5 pieces to be welded are mutually abutted, so that the risk of misalignment between the two pieces is reduced, and the welding quality is improved. In addition, a welding seam is formed in the groove 6, the first part to be welded 4 and the second part to be welded 5 can be welded, the effect of single-side welding and double-side forming is achieved, welding efficiency is remarkably improved, the welding seam is good in forming, and the welded part has high strength and low-temperature impact toughness.
In the embodiments of the invention, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance; the term "plurality" means two or more unless expressly limited otherwise. The terms "mounted," "connected," "fixed," and the like are to be construed broadly, and for example, "connected" may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; "coupled" may be direct or indirect through an intermediary. Specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the invention may be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to specific situations.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or unit must have a specific direction, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention.
In the description herein, reference to the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "a specific embodiment," or the like, means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of an embodiment of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the embodiments of the invention should be included in the protection scope of the embodiments of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A TIG welding method, characterized by comprising:
providing a first part to be welded and a second part to be welded which are butted, wherein the first part to be welded and the second part to be welded which are butted comprise a first surface and a second surface which are arranged oppositely;
forming a groove at the butt joint of the first part to be welded and the second part to be welded, wherein the groove is formed on the first surface, and the notch of the groove faces to the direction away from the second surface;
and welding the first part to be welded and the second part to be welded by adopting TIG welding equipment to form a welding line in the groove and realize single-side welding and double-side forming.
2. A TIG welding method according to claim 1, wherein forming a groove at a butt joint of the first member to be welded and the second member to be welded includes:
forming a first groove at the position of the first workpiece to be welded, which faces the second workpiece to be welded;
forming a second groove at the position of the second part to be welded, which faces the first part to be welded;
and butting the first part to be welded and the second part to be welded so that the first groove and the second groove are butted to form the groove.
3. A TIG welding method according to claim 2, wherein the first bevel comprises a first bottom face, a first rounded transition face and a first side face, the first rounded transition face being connected to the first bottom face and the first side face, respectively;
the included angle between the first bottom surface and the first side surface is 96-100 degrees;
the radius of the first arc transition surface is between 2.2mm and 2.6 mm;
the distance between the first bottom surface and the second surface is 1.8 mm-2 mm;
the second groove has the same structure as the first groove.
4. A TIG welding method according to claim 1, wherein the groove extends along a butt seam of the first and second members to be welded;
the cross section of the groove is U-shaped along the direction perpendicular to the butt joint gap.
5. A TIG welding method according to claim 1, characterised in that the method further comprises:
and providing a back gas protection device which is arranged on the second surface and covers and seals a butt joint gap between the first part to be welded and the second part to be welded.
6. A TIG welding method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that welding the first and second parts to be welded using a TIG welding apparatus to form a weld within the groove comprises:
providing a welding gun, wherein the welding gun comprises a tungsten electrode and a conductive nozzle, the tungsten electrode comprises a cylindrical part and a circular truncated cone part, the bottom surface of the circular truncated cone part is arranged on the top surface of the cylindrical part, the diameter of the cylindrical part is 3.2mm, the diameter of the top surface of the circular truncated cone part is 0.5mm, and the cone angle of the circular truncated cone part is 30 degrees;
and providing a welding wire, wherein the welding wire is arranged in the contact tip in a penetrating mode, and the included angle between the welding wire and the axis of the tungsten electrode is 40-50 degrees.
7. A TIG welding method according to claim 6, characterized in that the length of the welding wire exposed to the front end face of the contact tip is 8mm to 12 mm.
8. A TIG welding method according to claim 6, characterised in that the first and second parts to be welded are welded using a TIG welding apparatus to form a weld within the groove, further comprising:
and reciprocating the welding gun between two opposite side surfaces of the groove, and maintaining the contact time of the tungsten electrode and the two opposite side surfaces for at least a set time.
9. A TIG welding method according to claim 8, wherein the set time is 0.1 second.
10. TIG welding equipment, characterized in that the TIG welding method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is used.
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