CN114176086A - Microencapsulated bait for killing disaster organisms mactra veneriformis and preparation and use methods thereof - Google Patents
Microencapsulated bait for killing disaster organisms mactra veneriformis and preparation and use methods thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114176086A CN114176086A CN202010965325.9A CN202010965325A CN114176086A CN 114176086 A CN114176086 A CN 114176086A CN 202010965325 A CN202010965325 A CN 202010965325A CN 114176086 A CN114176086 A CN 114176086A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/002—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing a foodstuff as carrier or diluent, i.e. baits
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/26—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests in coated particulate form
- A01N25/28—Microcapsules or nanocapsules
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/02—Saturated carboxylic acids or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/08—Alkali metal chlorides; Alkaline earth metal chlorides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N61/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing substances of unknown or undetermined composition, e.g. substances characterised only by the mode of action
Abstract
The invention discloses microencapsulated bait for killing disaster organisms mactra veneriformis and a preparation method and a use method thereof. The bait comprises an edible bait wall material and a killing preparation core material wrapped in the bait wall material; the bait wall material mainly comprises edible chitosan, calcium alginate, magnesium stearate, nonionic surfactant, hydrogenated vegetable oil and beeswax; the main components of the core material of the killing agent are potassium chloride and sodium hypochlorite. The preparation method of the bait comprises the following steps: premixing wall material and core material, spray drying and cooling, and screening microencapsulated bait particles. The bait using method comprises the following steps: flow rate control, bait feeding, killing treatment and dead mackerel removal. Test experiment results show that the microencapsulated bait prepared by the invention can obviously kill and remove mactra in a water pipeline. The method has the advantages of strong pertinence, high efficiency and little pollution in the aspect of disaster organism biogas clam treatment, and has better ecological benefit, social benefit and economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of prevention and control of disaster organisms mactra, relates to bait for killing mactra, and particularly relates to microencapsulated bait for killing disaster organisms mactra, and a preparation method and a use method thereof.
Background
Marble clam (Limnopernaformutei) is a mussel belonging to the class of Bivalvia, order of Mytilus, family of Mytilidae, genus Marble, commonly known as golden mussel or limnoperna lacustris, and is a freshwater shellfish with strong characteristics of causing disasters and damages. The mactra is native to southeast Asia and has been successfully invaded into fresh water areas all over the world. Once the invasion is successful, the mactra veneriformis can be firmly adhered to the surface of an underwater substrate by means of a secreted byssus structure, and serious biofouling is generated. Biofouling of the marsh clams can quickly change the structure of aquatic food chains, and threatens the health and stability of aquatic ecosystems; meanwhile, the biofouling of the mactra veneriformis can also cause the corrosion of underwater equipment, the blockage of pipelines and the pollution of water bodies, thereby bringing huge economic loss to national economic important industries such as water conservancy projects and the like. In order to avoid the influence and loss of biological fouling, the establishment of a scientific and efficient strategy for preventing and controlling the mactra veneriformis becomes an important scientific task in the field of global research on water ecological environment.
At present, aiming at the problem of biofouling of the clams, some technologies for removing and killing the clams are developed from the aspects of physics, chemistry and biology. However, these methods have more or less negative effects during the use process, and have certain limitations in practical application. The physical method mainly utilizes manual cleaning, but the method needs water cut-off treatment, consumes a large amount of manpower and material resources, causes serious mechanical damage to the surface of facilities and influences the service life of wading engineering; the chemical method mainly uses reagents capable of killing the mactra veneriformis, such as chlorine-containing reagents, oxidizing reagents and the like, although the killing effect is good, the chemical reagents have high cost, the residues of the reagents can cause secondary pollution to water, and the use of the reagents in special hydraulic engineering, such as drinking water-related facilities, is greatly limited; people also often use anti-fouling coatings or anti-fouling materials to prevent the attachment and adhesion of the mactra veneriformis, the methods also have the problems of chemical pollution and the like, and more importantly, when the shellfish is exposed in adverse environments, particularly toxic chemical reagents, the shells of the shellfish are usually closed to avoid the toxic action of the chemical reagents on the shellfish, so that the efficiency of the chemical killing method is greatly reduced; the biological method mainly comprises the steps of putting in natural biological enemies of the mactra veneriformis and achieving the purpose of killing or controlling the mactra veneriformis by means of predation, and the commonly used method is to put in carnivorous fishes, crustaceans and the like, but the method is long in treatment period, limited by water body types and not obvious in effect, and meanwhile, the put-in species have greater risks on the health of an aquatic ecosystem. Therefore, the efficient and environment-friendly technology for killing or removing the mactra veneriformis is a precondition and a key for solving the problem of biofouling of the mactra veneriformis, and development of related technologies is necessary.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior treatment technology, the invention provides microencapsulated bait capable of efficiently killing mactra veneriformis based on the living characteristics of shellfish filter feeding and a preparation and use method thereof. The bait has high efficiency of killing the mactra veneriformis and no pollution to water body, is an environment-friendly mactra veneriformis killing preparation, and is particularly suitable for closed water bodies such as pipelines and the like.
The microencapsulated bait for killing the mactra veneriformis provided by the invention comprises an edible bait coating (wall material) and a mactra veneriformis killing preparation (core material) wrapped in the edible bait coating (wall material);
the diameter of the microencapsulated bait can be 50-100 μm, specifically 80 μm;
the mass ratio of the wall material to the core material of the microencapsulated bait can be 4: 1-3: 1, specifically 3: 1;
the edible bait coating (wall material) is prepared from the following raw materials: the oil-free coating comprises chitosan, calcium alginate, magnesium stearate, a nonionic surfactant, hydrogenated vegetable oil and beeswax, wherein the mass ratio of the chitosan, the calcium alginate, the magnesium stearate, the nonionic surfactant, the hydrogenated vegetable oil and the beeswax is as follows in sequence: 1-2: 1-3: 0.5-1: 2-4: 0.5-1: 0.5-1, specifically 1: 1.5: 0.5: 2: 0.5: 0.5;
the nonionic surfactant can be fatty acid polyoxyethylene ester.
The core material is a mixture of potassium chloride (KCl) and sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), wherein the mass ratio of the potassium chloride (KCl) to the sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) can be 1: 1-2: 1, specifically 2: 1.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the microencapsulated bait for killing mactra veneriformis, and the microencapsulated bait for killing mactra veneriformis is prepared by a spray drying method.
The preparation method of the microencapsulated bait for killing mactra veneriformis, which comprises the following steps:
1) mixing chitosan, calcium alginate, magnesium stearate, a nonionic surfactant, hydrogenated vegetable oil, beeswax and water to obtain a wall material mixed solution, adding a core material powder raw material, uniformly mixing to disperse a core material in the wall material solution to form a premixed raw material;
2) the premixed raw materials are spray-dried to form microencapsulated granules, namely microencapsulated bait.
In the step 1) of the method, the core powder raw materials are mixed according to a mass ratio of 1: 1-2: 1 potassium chloride (KCl) in admixture with sodium hypochlorite (NaClO);
in the step 2), the spray drying operation is as follows: adding the premixed raw material into a raw material port of a spray dryer, pumping into an atomizing nozzle in the spray dryer, drying and cooling the atomized raw material to form microencapsulated particles,
wherein, the spray dryer setting parameters are as follows: the air inlet temperature is 160-;
the above method may further comprise the operation of screening the formed microencapsulated particles to control the particle diameter to be between 50 and 100 μm.
The application of the microencapsulated bait in the prevention and treatment of disaster organisms mactra also belongs to the protection scope of the invention.
In the application, the disaster organism marsh clams can be disaster organism marsh clams in a closed water body, and the closed water body can be a pipeline water body.
The invention also provides a method for killing mactra veneriformis in the pipeline water body by using the microencapsulated bait.
The method for killing mactra veneriformis in the pipeline water body provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
1) controlling the flow of the water in the pipeline, and reducing the flow speed of the water to 0-20 cm/s;
2) adding the microencapsulated bait at the water inlet of the pipeline, keeping the flow velocity of the water unchanged after adding, and waiting for the mactra veneriformis to filter the edible bait;
3) after 6-12h, the water flow is recovered, and dead mactra veneriformis is washed out, so that the aim of killing mactra veneriformis is achieved.
In the step 2) of the using method, the final concentration of the added bait can be 2-4 g/L.
The microencapsulated bait for killing the mactra veneriformis and the preparation and use methods thereof have the beneficial effects that the KCl reagent which can influence the physiological activity of the mactra veneriformis cells and the NaClO reagent which can influence the generation of the mactra veneriformis are wrapped in the microencapsulated bait by utilizing the remarkable survival characteristic of the mactra veneriformis filter feeding property, the wall material of the microencapsulated bait is an edible component, and the microencapsulated bait which can be filtered and eaten by the mactra veneriformis and cannot be rejected is formed; after feeding treatment, the mactra veneriformis sees the microencapsulated particles as bait, the shells cannot be closed, and the filtered bait can improve the accuracy and efficiency of killing the mactra veneriformis and inhibit the further generation of byssus; meanwhile, after the chemical reagent in the residual bait is released, the influence on the water body environment is small, KCl is a conventional chemical component in the water body, NaClO is a common water body disinfection reagent, and no secondary pollution is caused; the marsh clams in the closed water body can be efficiently removed by combining with water flow regulation; compared with the traditional method for treating the mactra veneriformis, the method has the advantages of strong pertinence, high efficiency, small pollution, convenient operation, and better ecological benefit, social benefit and economic benefit.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of microencapsulated baits prepared in the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing comparative analysis of mortality of Mactra veneriformis after feeding microencapsulated bait according to example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described below with reference to specific examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
The experimental methods used in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; reagents, materials and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
EXAMPLE 1 preparation of microencapsulated bait for killing Mactra mactra
Controlling the mass ratio range of the microencapsulated bait wall material to the core material to be 3: 1.
the material of the microcapsule-controlled bait wall material comprises the following raw materials: the mass ratio is 1: 1.5: 0.5: 2: 0.5: 0.5 of chitosan, calcium alginate, magnesium stearate, nonionic surfactant polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester, hydrogenated vegetable oil and beeswax.
The core material killing preparation for controlling bait wrapping is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 1 potassium chloride (KCl) and sodium hypochlorite (NaClO).
Preparing microencapsulated bait wall material solution and core material powder raw materials wrapped by the microencapsulated bait wall material solution according to the proportion, wherein the weight ratio of the microencapsulated bait wall material solution to the core material powder raw materials is 3:1, uniformly mixing the two materials in proportion, and dispersing the core material in the wall material to form a premixed raw material;
adding the premixed raw materials into a raw material port of a spray dryer, pumping the premixed raw materials into an atomizing nozzle by the spray dryer, drying and cooling the atomized raw materials to form microencapsulated particles, wherein the setting parameters of the spray dryer are as follows: the air inlet temperature is 190 ℃, the air outlet temperature is 80 ℃, and the atomization rotating speed is 30000 r/min;
the obtained microencapsulated bait particles are screened to obtain bait with particle diameter of 80 μm, and the structure of the prepared microencapsulated bait is shown in figure 1.
The microencapsulated bait prepared by the method is regular spherical particles, as shown in a structural schematic diagram 1, the exterior of the bait is a wall material, the interior of the bait is wrapped with a core material killing preparation, the shape of the core material is irregular, and the diameter of the core material is 30-50 mu m.
Example 2
The method for killing the mactra veneriformis by using microencapsulated bait comprises the following steps:
the method is carried out in a field drainage pipeline, the diameter of the water pipeline is 2.0m, the water pipeline is of a reinforced concrete structure, the test length is 20m, and the parameters of the experimental water body are as follows: the temperature is 22.0 +/-1.0 ℃, the pH is 7.20 +/-0.1, and the density of the clams in the pipeline is 1000-2。
Controlling the water flow of the pipeline, wherein the water flow velocity of the water in the water pipeline is less than 10cm/s, feeding the microencapsulated bait prepared in the embodiment 1 to ensure that the final concentration of the bait is 2g/L, the killing treatment time is 8h, and setting 3 independent tests as 3 biological repetitions.
Microencapsulated bait, which is not coated with a formulation for killing core material, was used as a feeding control, and the bait contained only the wall material ingredients described in example 1 (i.e., only chitosan, calcium alginate, magnesium stearate, nonionic surfactant polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester, hydrogenated vegetable oil and beeswax at a mass ratio of 1: 1.5: 0.5: 2: 0.5: 0.5), at a final concentration of 2g/L, was set as control group 1.
Feeding with chlorella powder as conventional bait, and setting as a control group 2;
microencapsulated baits wrapping and killing core material preparations (only containing potassium chloride) are used as feeding control, and the wall material components are the same as those in example 1 (the mass ratio of the wall material to the core material is 3:1, and the final concentration is 2g/L), and are set as a control group 3;
microencapsulated baits wrapping a core material killing preparation (the mass ratio of potassium chloride to sodium hypochlorite is 1:1) are used as feeding control, and the wall material components are the same as those in example 1 (the mass ratio of the wall material to the core material is 3:1, and the final concentration is 2g/L) and set as a control group 4;
after the killing treatment is finished, counting the death rate of the mactra veneriformis in the hydrophobic pipelines of the treatment group and the control group, and judging the death rate of the mactra veneriformis as follows: the shell is completely opened, the soft body part is stimulated and does not respond, and the death rate of the mackerel is contrasted and analyzed as shown in figure 2.
After the microencapsulated bait prepared by the invention is treated, the adhesion between the dead mackerel and the pipeline wall is obviously weakened or not adhered, and the dead mackerel is removed out of the pipeline after the water flow speed is increased; as can be seen from fig. 2, the death rate of mactra veneriformis treated with the microencapsulated bait prepared by the present invention reaches 65.53% on average, which is significantly higher than 5.46% of the control group 1, 3.21% of the control group 2, 33.19% of the control group 3 and 49.88% of the control group 4, and it is also shown that the main components playing the role of killing mactra veneriformis are core material killing preparation potassium chloride (KCl) and sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) wrapped in the bait, and the best effect is achieved when the two are mixed.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of this invention and it should be noted that numerous changes and modifications could be made herein by one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the general principles of the invention and, it is intended that such changes and modifications be considered as within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A microencapsulated bait comprises an edible bait coating (wall material) and a mactra killing preparation (core material) wrapped inside the bait coating;
wherein, the mass ratio of the bait wall material to the core material is 4: 1-3: 1;
the microencapsulated bait has a granular spherical structure and a diameter of 50-100 mu m.
2. A microencapsulated bait as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the microencapsulated bait, the edible bait coating (wall material) is prepared from the following raw materials: chitosan, calcium alginate, magnesium stearate, nonionic surfactant, hydrogenated vegetable oil and beeswax;
wherein, the mass ratio of the chitosan, the calcium alginate, the magnesium stearate, the non-ionic surfactant, the hydrogenated vegetable oil and the beeswax is as follows in sequence: 1-2: 1-3: 0.5-1: 2-4: 0.5-1: 0.5 to 1;
the nonionic surfactant is: polyoxyethylene esters of fatty acids.
3. A microencapsulated bait according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the core material is a mixture of potassium chloride and sodium hypochlorite, wherein the mass ratio of the potassium chloride to the sodium hypochlorite is 1: 1-2: 1.
4. a process for preparing a microencapsulated bait according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of: 1) mixing chitosan, calcium alginate, magnesium stearate, a nonionic surfactant, hydrogenated vegetable oil, beeswax and water to obtain a wall material mixed solution, adding a core material powder raw material, uniformly mixing to disperse a core material in the wall material solution to form a premixed raw material;
2) the premixed raw materials are spray-dried to form microencapsulated granules, namely microencapsulated bait.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein: in the step 2), the spray drying operation is as follows: the premixed raw materials are put into a raw material port of a spray dryer, an atomizing nozzle is pumped into the spray dryer, and the atomized raw materials are dried and cooled to form microencapsulated particles.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein: the spray dryer has the following setting parameters: the air inlet temperature is 160-.
7. Use of a microencapsulated bait according to any one of claims 1 to 3 for the control of disaster organisms mactra.
8. Use according to claim 7, characterized in that: the disaster organism marsh clams are disaster organism marsh clams in the closed water body.
9. A method for killing mactra veneriformis in pipeline water body by using the microencapsulated bait as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, which comprises the following steps:
1) controlling the flow of the water in the pipeline, and reducing the flow speed of the water to 0-20 cm/s;
2) adding the microencapsulated bait at the water inlet of the pipeline, keeping the flow velocity of the water unchanged after adding, and waiting for the mactra veneriformis to filter the edible bait;
3) and after 6-12h, recovering water flow, and washing out dead mactra veneriformis.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein: in the step 2), the final concentration of the bait is 2-4 g/L.
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| US20030140863A1 (en) * | 2000-01-21 | 2003-07-31 | David Aldrige | Delivering substances to invertebrate organisms |
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2020
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| US4201822A (en) * | 1979-06-13 | 1980-05-06 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Novel fabric containing microcapsules of chemical decontaminants encapsulated within semipermeable polymers |
| US4919841A (en) * | 1988-06-06 | 1990-04-24 | Lever Brothers Company | Wax encapsulated actives and emulsion process for their production |
| US5976509A (en) * | 1995-11-29 | 1999-11-02 | Abbondi; Thomas | Composition for odontostomatological use in cleaning and disinfecting the root canals and viable dentine |
| US20030140863A1 (en) * | 2000-01-21 | 2003-07-31 | David Aldrige | Delivering substances to invertebrate organisms |
| US20150017216A1 (en) * | 2012-02-21 | 2015-01-15 | Advanced Bionutrition Corporation | Compositions and methods for target delivering a bioactive agent to aquatic organisms |
| US20200267970A1 (en) * | 2019-02-05 | 2020-08-27 | Bluegreen Water Technologies Ltd. | Compositions for controlling phytoplankton contamination |
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