CN114175325A - 氢气储存系统 - Google Patents

氢气储存系统 Download PDF

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CN114175325A
CN114175325A CN202080054173.5A CN202080054173A CN114175325A CN 114175325 A CN114175325 A CN 114175325A CN 202080054173 A CN202080054173 A CN 202080054173A CN 114175325 A CN114175325 A CN 114175325A
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extraction device
storage system
hydrogen storage
cage
reservoir
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CN114175325B (zh
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扬妮克·戈达尔
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Faurecia Hydrogen Energy Solutions French Co
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Faurecia Systemes dEchappement SAS
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Abstract

氢气储存系统(1)包括具有用于容纳抽取装置(6)的至少一个轴向颈部(5)的基本上圆柱形的贮存部(3)、环绕贮存部(3)的基本上平行六面体的结构(2)以及在夹紧在抽取装置(6)周围的同时支撑贮存部(3)的笼架(7)。笼架(7)通过至少一个接口部分(8)被固定至结构(2)，该接口部分在撞击的情况下变形和/或破裂，从而保持笼架(7)固定于抽取装置(6)并且几乎不向抽取装置(6)传递力。

Description

氢气储存系统
技术领域
本发明涉及氢气储存系统的领域。这种氢气储存系统被设计为集成在轻型或重型交通工具上，以供应燃料电池。
背景技术
众所周知，为了生产氢气储存系统使用基本上圆柱形的贮存部，其包括设置在该圆柱体的轴向端部处的一个或两个颈部。贮存部有利地由复合材料制成。所述至少一个颈部通常容纳抽取装置。
为了一方面保护贮存部并且另一方面帮助将氢气储存系统集成在交通工具上，将基本上平行六面体的结构设置为环绕且支撑贮存部。该结构有利地由金属材料或复合材料制成。
在撞击的情况下，例如，在交通工具发生意外之后，氢气储存系统应受到保护。所述结构提供了对贮存部的保护。
抽取装置是至关重要的。在其受到巨大的力的情况下，应担忧其会被撕开到贮存部的外部。这种撕裂释放了抽取装置，一方面会不利地将其变为投射物，并且另一方面会突然释放容纳在其中的氢气，产生起火或爆炸的风险。
因此，应特别对抽取装置进行保护。
发明内容
为了解决这个问题，本发明提出了向氢气储存系统添加环绕抽取装置的笼架。该笼架使用至少一个接口部分被固定至结构，该接口部分在撞击的情况下变形和/或破裂。因此，保持笼架固定于抽取装置并且几乎不向抽取装置传递力。
可单独地或组合地使用的特定的特征或实施方式如下：
-所述系统还包括将抽取装置连接至用户的至少一个刚性管，所述至少一个管在抽取装置与用户之间包括至少一个缓冲部(baffle)，其能够发生变形而不是向抽取装置传递力；
-所述系统还包括第一机构，其用于将至少一个管紧固至笼架、位于至少一个缓冲部的上游、优选尽可能靠近抽取装置；
-所述系统还包括第二机构，其用于将至少一个管紧固至结构、位于至少一个缓冲部的下游；
-笼架由铝、钢或复合材料制成；
-贮存部的直径在200与700mm之间并且长度在500与3000mm之间。
在第二方面中，本发明涉及一种交通工具，其配备有至少一个所述氢气储存系统。
附图说明
通过阅读仅作为例子并且参照附图提供的以下说明将更好地理解本发明，其中：
图1示出了氢气储存系统的立体图；
图2示出了抽取装置与结构之间的接口的细节的立体图；
图3示出了来自另一个视角的图2的细节的立体图；
图4示出了弱化的接口部分的细节；
图5示出了抽取管的细节。
具体实施方式
图1示出了氢气储存系统1。该氢气储存系统1包括基本上圆柱形的贮存部3。该贮存部3包括有利地被设置在形成贮存部3的圆柱体的轴向端部处的一个或两个颈部5。贮存部3有利地由复合材料制成，例如通过纤维缠绕制成。所述至少一个颈部5通常容纳抽取装置6。抽取装置6包括有利地由金属制成的、在颈部5中被紧密地紧固至贮存部3的基部。在该基部中，形成有至少一个管，其允许将贮存部3的内部连接至外部，从而执行使用氢气来填充贮存部3的所有操作或者执行将所述氢气从贮存部3中抽出使用的操作。在该至少一个管和/或基部上，还设置有允许对氢气的进出进行控制的至少一个阀，以及至少一个控制和/或安全装置，例如压力计和/或安全阀。
为了保护贮存部3，在贮存部3周围附接有结构2。该结构2因此通过为贮存部3提供外部壳体而对其进行保护。该结构2有利地由金属制成，提供了针对交通工具的紧固机构，因此帮助将氢气储存系统1集成在交通工具上。结构2还具有基本上平行六面体的形状，这更容易在交通工具上进行操作、堆放和集成。
贮存部3有利地相对于结构2是固定的。这使用紧固机构来实现。这些紧固机构可以是多种多样的。如图1所示，贮存部3可使用笼架7固定至结构2，该笼架被固定至结构2并且通过夹紧颈部5和/或抽取装置6而对贮存部3的一个轴向端部进行紧固。也能够对另一个轴向端部采取相同的方式。替代地，根据没有示出的另一个实施方式，可以使用相对于贮存部3的轴线对其进行横向环绕的条带使贮存部3相对于结构2固定。
在撞击的情况下，例如在承载氢气储存系统1的交通工具发生意外之后，氢气储存系统1应受到保护。结构2提供了对贮存部3的保护。
然而，抽取装置6由于其布置、接触部和惯性可能在碰撞的情况下存在重大风险。
使用通过颈部5或抽取装置6对贮存部3进行支撑的笼架7来紧固贮存部3具有通过笼架7自身将抽取装置6撕裂的风险，将源自结构2的力传递给抽取装置6。
由于大部分为金属的装置与主要为复合材料的贮存部3相比的惯性差异，极大的差动力被施加于抽取装置6，产生将其相对于颈部5拉出的风险。
这种撕裂释放了抽取装置6，会不利地将其变为投射物，这可能是具有破坏性的。这种撕裂还可能通过突然释放容纳在贮存部3中的氢气而产生起火或爆炸的风险。
笼架7固定至结构2，从而在常规情况下相对于结构2支撑抽取装置6和贮存部3。然而，在严重的撞击情况下，笼架7应几乎不向抽取装置6传递来自结构2的力。因此，在将笼架7与结构2组装时，笼架具有被构造为在撞击的情况下变形和/或破裂的至少一个接口部分8。有利地，笼架7与结构3之间的所有接头都装配有这种弱化的接口部分8。还有利的是，接头的数量减少，优选四个或三个，更优选为两个。因此，任何的力都由于变形而被吸收和/或由于破裂而不再进行传递。在破裂的情况下，笼架7保持固定至抽取装置6。这限制或消除了来自结构2的力向抽取装置6的传递。在撞击的情况下，这有助于保持抽取装置6固定于贮存部3。
如图2和3所示，笼架7承载抽取装置6并因此承载贮存部3。笼架7通过接口部分8固定至结构2。此处存在四个接口部分8。可观察到这些接口部分8具有减小的截面以控制它们的强度，并且它们还受到穿孔和切割以尽可能根据需要来将它们弱化。接口部分8的切割和/或穿孔在它们的数量和形状方面由所需的必要弱化程度来确定。确定这种措施是用于在碰撞的情况下(意外之后的严重撞击)产生破裂，而不是以更小的力来支撑贮存部3。因此通过计算或碰撞试验来评估针对接口部分8选择的设计。
为了形成一种通用的氢气储存系统1，考虑碰撞力的所有的取向假设。因此，能够有利地根据任何取向将根据本发明的氢气储存系统1集成在交通工具上。
存在向抽取装置6传递力的另一种原因。事实上，抽取装置6由于功能需要而使用至少一个管9连接至氢气储存系统1外部的至少一个用户，该管将氢气分配给所述用户或允许对贮存部3进行填充。所述至少一个管9必然是刚性的。
因此，为了使至少一个管9不会在撞击的情况下在抽取装置6上施加过大的力，所述管9包括至少一个缓冲部12。
该缓冲部12特别是在图2-5中可见，其在抽取装置6与装置1外部的用户之间设置在至少一个管9上。该缓冲部12为U形、头尾连接的U(S形)或任何其他的形式，为管9提供了变形能力，允许管9在缓冲部12处变形并因此同时防止了管9向抽取装置6传递力。
根据特别是在图2、5中示出的另一个特征，氢气储存系统1还包括用于将至少一个管9紧固至笼架7的第一紧固机构10。该第一紧固机构10有利地设置在至少一个缓冲部12的上游并且优选尽可能靠近抽取装置6。
根据特别是在图3、4、5中示出的另一个特征，氢气储存系统1还包括用于将至少一个管9紧固至结构2的第二紧固机构11，其位于至少一个缓冲部12的下游。此处，在自然的流动或抽取或者从贮存部3朝向外部的方向上理解上游和下游。
根据另一个特征，笼架7可由任何材料制成。有利地，笼架7由铝、钢或复合材料制成。
根据另一个特征，贮存部的直径在200与700mm之间并且长度在500与3000mm之间。例如，用于轻型交通工具的储存系统包括直径为220mm、长度为1900mm、净重为29.7kg并且可承载700bar的1.67kg的氢气的贮存部。例如，用于重型交通工具的储存系统包括直径为415mm、长度为2035mm、净重为59.7kg并且可承载350bar的4.7kg的氢气的贮存部。
本发明还涉及一种配备有至少一个根据前述任一项权利要求所述的氢气储存系统1的交通工具。
已经在附图和前面的说明中详细地示出和描述了本发明。前面的说明应被认为是说明性的并且作为例子提供，而不是将本发明仅限制于该说明。多种变型实施方式也是可行的。
附图标记列表
1：氢气储存系统
2：结构
3：贮存部
5：颈部
6：抽取装置
7：笼架
8：接口部分
9：管
10-11：紧固机构
12：缓冲部

Claims (7)

1.一种氢气储存系统(1)，其包括具有用于容纳抽取装置(6)的至少一个轴向颈部(5)的基本上圆柱形的贮存部(3)、环绕所述贮存部(3)的基本上平行六面体的结构(2)，其特征在于，其还包括笼架(7)，所述笼架(7)在夹紧在所述抽取装置(6)周围的同时支撑所述贮存部(3)并且使用至少一个接口部分(8)被固定至所述结构(2)，所述接口部分(8)被构造为在撞击的情况下变形和/或破裂，从而保持所述笼架(7)固定于所述抽取装置(6)并且几乎不向所述抽取装置(6)传递力。
2.根据权利要求1所述的氢气储存系统(1)，其还包括将所述抽取装置(6)连接至用户的至少一个刚性管(9)，所述至少一个管(9)在所述抽取装置(6)与用户之间包括至少一个缓冲部(12)，其能够发生变形而不是向所述抽取装置(6)传递力。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的氢气储存系统(1)，其还包括第一机构(10)，其用于将所述至少一个管(9)紧固至所述笼架(7)、位于所述至少一个缓冲部(12)的上游、优选尽可能靠近所述抽取装置(6)。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的氢气储存系统(1)，其还包括第二机构(11)，其用于将所述至少一个管(9)紧固至所述结构(2)、位于所述至少一个缓冲部(12)的下游。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的氢气储存系统(1)，其中，所述笼架(7)由铝、钢或复合材料制成。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的氢气储存系统(1)，其中，所述贮存部(3)的直径在200与700mm之间并且长度在500与3000mm之间。
7.一种交通工具，其配备有至少一个根据前述任一项权利要求所述的氢气储存系统(1)。
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