CN114172276B - Magnetic field energy collection device and energy management method based on three-intersection streamline cable - Google Patents
Magnetic field energy collection device and energy management method based on three-intersection streamline cable Download PDFInfo
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- CN114172276B CN114172276B CN202111516667.3A CN202111516667A CN114172276B CN 114172276 B CN114172276 B CN 114172276B CN 202111516667 A CN202111516667 A CN 202111516667A CN 114172276 B CN114172276 B CN 114172276B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/005—Mechanical details of housing or structure aiming to accommodate the power transfer means, e.g. mechanical integration of coils, antennas or transducers into emitting or receiving devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/24—Magnetic cores
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
- H01F27/30—Fastening or clamping coils, windings, or parts thereof together; Fastening or mounting coils or windings on core, casing, or other support
- H01F27/306—Fastening or mounting coils or windings on core, casing or other support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
- H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
- H02J7/06—Regulation of charging current or voltage using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
Abstract
The invention relates to a magnetic field energy collecting device and an energy management method, in particular to a magnetic field energy collecting device of a three-phase alternating current cable with alternating current, which is applied to an electric automobile, wherein the electric automobile comprises a storage battery (1), a motor controller (2) and a three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (4); a magnetic field energy collecting device is arranged on a three-phase alternating current cable between the motor controller (2) and the three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (4), the magnetic field energy collecting device is used for converting magnetic field energy into electric energy, and the device comprises an induction coil (3), a control switch (10) and a power management circuit; the design of the power management circuit allows the magnetic field energy collection device to have three working states, the working states are converted automatically in real time according to the quantity of energy output by the energy conversion device, stable power supply to the electric appliance is ensured under complex and changeable vehicle running working conditions, and meanwhile, the energy utilization rate is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a magnetic field energy collecting device and an energy management method, and more particularly, to a magnetic field energy collecting device and an energy management method for a three-phase ac cable to which an alternating current is supplied.
Background
With the development of technology, the development of electric, networking, intelligent and sharing has become the development direction of automobiles. The pure electric vehicles are equipped with high-voltage power battery packs as whole vehicle energy sources, and the main function of the pure electric vehicles is to provide operation energy sources for three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motors of the vehicles. However, the power battery is the only energy source of the whole vehicle, each sensor node used by the vehicle needs to take the energy of the power battery, the process needs to use a complex DC/DC converter to convert the voltage of the power battery up to hundreds of volts into the voltage used by the vehicle electrical appliance or sensor, and the sensors used by the intelligent network-connected vehicle are various and huge in number, so that the wiring is quite complicated, the reliability of an electrical system is reduced, the wiring cost is increased, the load of the battery is increased, and the endurance mileage of the vehicle is reduced. However, the development of the electric network intelligent vehicle is mainly focused on software, sensing and safety, and the development has limited results in terms of energy efficient utilization potential.
Therefore, the development of a novel vehicle-mounted power supply device is greatly helpful for realizing green operation of autonomous sensing equipment or sensors of the electric vehicle.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a magnetic field energy collecting device and an energy management method based on a three-phase multi-cable, and the device and the energy management method provide an energy-saving, environment-friendly and low-cost solution for the power supply problem of a sensor aiming at a vehicle-mounted low-power-consumption electric appliance of an electric automobile.
The invention aims at realizing the following technical scheme:
the magnetic field energy collecting device based on the three-phase intersecting streamline cable is applied to an electric automobile, and the electric automobile comprises a storage battery 1, a motor controller 2 and a three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor 4;
the storage battery 1 is connected with the motor controller 2, and the motor controller 2 is connected with the three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor 4 through a three-phase cross-current cable; the storage battery 1 outputs direct current to the motor controller 2, and the motor controller 2 outputs three-phase alternating current to the three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor 4 through a three-phase alternating current cable after performing direct current/alternating current conversion;
a magnetic field energy collecting device is arranged on a three-phase alternating current cable between the motor controller 2 and the three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor 4 and is used for converting magnetic field energy into electric energy, and the device comprises an induction coil 3, a control switch 10 and a power management circuit;
the single induction coil 3 comprises an iron core 7 and a winding 6 wound on the iron core 7, and is fixed on the three-phase multi-conductor cable in a penetrating installation mode;
the winding 6 is a plurality of turns of copper enameled wires wound on the iron core 7 along the same direction, and two end taps of the copper enameled wires are reserved; the taps at two ends of the winding 6 are connected to a power management circuit through a control switch 10, so that the electric energy output by the induction coil 3 is input to the power management circuit;
the power supply management circuit comprises an impact protection module, a three-phase rectification module, a transformer, a filtering module, a power supply switching module, a voltage reduction type battery charging management module, an energy storage battery and an output port;
the electric energy output by the induction coil 3 is changed into direct current after passing through the impact protection module, the three-phase rectification module, the transformer and the filtering module, and is respectively connected with the power supply switching module and the voltage-reduction battery charging management module, the voltage-reduction battery charging management module is connected with the energy storage battery and is used for charging the energy storage battery, and the electric energy of the energy storage battery or the direct current after the induction coil 3 is subjected to circuit conversion is output from the output port through the power supply switching module;
setting a charging starting voltage threshold of the buck battery charging management module to be higher than a rated voltage value output by the filtering module; when the filter module outputs rated voltage, the voltage-reducing battery charging management module does not start charging because the rated voltage is lower than a charging starting voltage threshold value; when the output voltage of the filtering module reaches the starting voltage threshold of the voltage-reducing battery charging management module, starting to charge the energy storage battery;
the power supply switching circuit comprises P-channel insulated gate field effect transistors M1 and M2 and two diodes D1 and D2, wherein a grid electrode of the M1 and a source electrode of the M2 are respectively connected to an anode of a voltage U, an anode of the D1 and a grid electrode of the M2 are respectively connected to a drain electrode of the M1, an anode of the D2 is connected to a drain electrode of the M2, an anode of an energy storage battery is connected to the source electrode of the M1, a cathode of the D1 and a cathode of the D2 are connected to an output port as positive poles of output direct current, a cathode of the voltage U is connected with a cathode of the energy storage battery, and the cathode of the voltage U is connected to the output port as negative poles of the output direct current;
the voltage U is the direct current output by the filtering module of the electric energy output by the induction coil 3; the voltage U is compared with the voltage of the energy storage battery through a circuit formed by the P-channel insulated gate field effect transistors M1 and M2, and the voltage with higher voltage can be output to the output port.
Each three-phase alternating current cable is provided with an induction coil 3, the three induction coils 3 positioned on different three-phase alternating current cables are connected in a star connection way, one or more sets of induction coils 3 are arranged along the length direction of the three-phase alternating current cable, and each three induction coils 3 is provided with a control switch 10;
each set of windings 6 comprises 2 taps, the 2 taps of each set of windings 6 are connected to one end of the control switch 10 through a first connection terminal, the other end of the control switch 10 is connected to an input port of the power management circuit through a second connection terminal, and an output port of the power management circuit is connected to the electric load through a third connection terminal.
The magnetic field energy collecting device further comprises an encapsulation box 5, wherein the encapsulation box 5 is used for accommodating a control switch 10, a wiring terminal and a power management circuit; the control switch 10 is embedded in the front side surface of the packaging box 5, the left side surface and the rear side surface of the packaging box 5 are provided with ventilation and heat dissipation windows, and the front side surface and the rear side surface are provided with wiring windows.
The diameter of the winding 6 is 0.3mm.
The iron core 7 is made of silicon steel.
The core 7 of the single induction coil 3 has a monolithic "O" structure, an open-air-gap "O" structure or a split "C" structure.
And the energy storage battery is a polymer lithium battery.
An energy management method based on the magnetic field energy harvesting device, the method comprising the steps of:
1) The induction coils 3 are fixed on three-phase alternating current cables in a penetrating mode, at least one group of star-shaped connected induction coils 3 are arranged on the three-phase alternating current cables, the three induction coils 3 are respectively positioned on the three-phase alternating current cables, each group of windings 6 comprises 2 taps, the 2 taps of each group of windings 6 are respectively connected to one end of the control switch 10 through a first wiring terminal, the other end of the control switch 10 is connected to an input port of the power management circuit through a second wiring terminal, and an output port of the power management circuit is connected to an electric load through a third wiring terminal;
the time-varying magnetic field around the three-phase alternating current cable generates alternating current in the winding 6 of the induction coil 3 through electromagnetic induction, and the alternating current is changed into direct current through the power management circuit to drive an electric load;
2) According to the running condition of the vehicle, the star-connected induction coils 3 output three energy supply states of the magnetic field energy collecting device from low to high:
state one: the energy storage battery outputs electric energy;
state two: the induction coil outputs electric energy;
state three: the induction coil outputs electric energy and charges an energy storage battery;
the three states are automatically switched by the power management circuit, so that the device can stably provide electric energy for a load under various working conditions of the automobile;
2.1 A power supply switching circuit is used for switching between the first state and the second state;
the power supply switching circuit comprises P-channel insulated gate field effect transistors M1 and M2 and two diodes D1 and D2, wherein the grid electrode of the M1 and the source electrode of the M2 are respectively connected to the positive electrode of a voltage U, the anode of the D1 and the grid electrode of the M2 are respectively connected to the drain electrode of the M1, the anode of the D2 is connected to the drain electrode of the M2, the positive electrode of the energy storage battery is connected to the source electrode of the M1, the cathode of the D1 and the cathode of the D2 are connected to an output port as the positive electrode of the output direct current, and the negative electrode of the voltage U is connected with the negative electrode of the energy storage battery and is connected to the output port as the negative electrode of the output direct current;
the voltage U is the direct current output by the filtering module of the electric energy output by the induction coil 3; the voltage U and the voltage of the energy storage battery are compared through a circuit formed by the P-channel insulated gate field effect transistors M1 and M2 to realize the switching of the power supply; when the positive electrode of the voltage U is higher than the voltage of the energy storage battery, the source electrode and the drain electrode of the M1 are cut off, and the energy storage battery cannot output current through the M1; the source electrode and the drain electrode of M2 are conducted, and the positive electrode of the voltage U outputs current through M2 and D2; when the voltage U is lower than the voltage of the energy storage battery, the source electrode and the drain electrode of the M1 are conducted, and the energy storage battery outputs current through the M1 and the D1; the source electrode and the drain electrode of M2 are cut off, and the positive electrode of the voltage U cannot output current through M2; thus, a higher voltage can be output to the output port; d1 and D2 are used to prevent current backflow;
2.2 The step-down battery charge management module is used for realizing the switching between the second state and the third state;
setting a charging starting voltage threshold of the buck battery charging management module to be higher than a rated voltage value output by the filtering module; when the filter module outputs rated voltage, the rated voltage is lower than a charging starting voltage threshold, so that the electric energy output by the induction coil 3 is only supplied to a terminal load, and the voltage-reducing battery charging management module does not start charging; the output voltage of the filtering module reaches the threshold value of the starting voltage of the step-down battery charging management module, and the electric energy output by the induction coil 3 starts to charge the energy storage battery while being supplied to the end load.
In step 1, the electric load is an in-vehicle sensor or other low-power consumption electric loads.
In step 2.2, the charging starting voltage threshold of the buck battery charging management module is set to be 1-2V higher than the output rated voltage value of the filtering module.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the energy conversion device collects magnetic field energy radiated by the three-phase cable in the surrounding space and greatly improves the output power of the magnetic field energy collection device through a proper connection mode, so that the device has the potential to drive more types of vehicle-mounted electric equipment or sensors.
The design of the power management circuit allows the magnetic field energy collection device to have three working states, the working states are converted automatically in real time according to the quantity of energy output by the energy conversion device, stable power supply to the electric appliance is ensured under complex and changeable vehicle running working conditions, and meanwhile, the energy utilization rate is improved.
Compared with the traditional battery power supply mode, the technology is an energy-saving, environment-friendly and low-cost solution to the problem of power supply of the electric vehicle-mounted low-power-consumption electric appliance (sensor).
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a magnetic field energy collecting device and an installation mode of the magnetic field energy collecting device.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an induction coil 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the package case 5.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the internal wiring of the package 5.
Fig. 5 is a block diagram of a power management circuit.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a power switching module.
Fig. 7 is a logic block diagram of the energy flow within the power management circuit.
Reference numerals:
1. accumulator 2, motor controller
3. Induction coil 4, three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor
5. Packaging box 6, winding
7. Iron core 10, control switch
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. The specific embodiments described herein are to be considered in an illustrative sense only and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a magnetic field energy collecting device based on a three-phase multi-cable is applied to an electric automobile, and the electric automobile comprises a storage battery 1, a motor controller 2 and a three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor 4;
the storage battery 1 is connected with the motor controller 2, and the motor controller 2 is connected with the three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor 4 through a three-phase cross-current cable. The battery 1 outputs direct current to the motor controller 2, and the motor controller 2 outputs three-phase alternating current to the three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor 4 through the three-phase alternating current cable after performing direct current/alternating current conversion.
A magnetic field energy collecting device is arranged on a three-phase alternating current cable between the motor controller 2 and the three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor 4 and is used for converting magnetic field energy into electric energy, and the device comprises an induction coil 3, a control switch 10, a power management circuit and a packaging box 5.
As shown in fig. 2, the single induction coil 3 includes a core 7 and a winding 6 wound around the core 7, and is fixed to the three-phase ac cable in a penetrating manner.
The winding 6 is a multi-turn copper enameled wire which is preferably 0.3mm in diameter and is wound on the iron core 7 along the same direction, and two end taps of the copper enameled wire are reserved. The iron core 7 is made of silicon steel. The two terminal taps of the winding 6 are connected to a power management circuit through a control switch 10, so that the electric energy output by the induction coil 3 is input to the power management circuit.
Each three-phase alternating current cable is provided with an induction coil 3, three induction coils 3 positioned on different three-phase alternating current cables are connected in a star connection mode, one or more sets of induction coils 3 are arranged along the length direction of the three-phase alternating current cable, and each three induction coils 3 is provided with a control switch 10. The core 7 of the single induction coil 3 has a monolithic "O" structure, an open-air-gap "O" structure or a split "C" structure.
As shown in fig. 3, the enclosure 5 is for housing a control switch 10, wiring terminals, and a power management circuit. The control switch 10 is embedded in the front side surface of the packaging box 5, the left side surface and the rear side surface of the packaging box 5 are provided with ventilation and heat dissipation windows, and the front side surface and the rear side surface are provided with wiring windows. The enclosure 5 provides a certain protection for the devices arranged therein.
As shown in fig. 4, each set of windings 6 includes 2 taps, and the 2 taps of each set of windings 6 are connected to one end of the control switch 10 through a first connection terminal, the other end of the control switch 10 is connected to an input port of the power management circuit through a second connection terminal, and an output port of the power management circuit is connected to an electric load through a third connection terminal.
Each group of windings 6 of the star-connected induction coils 3 is provided with a control switch 10, and the number of the star-connected induction coils 3 connected into the power management circuit is changed through the control switch 10 according to different power required by the rear-end electric appliance, so that power matching is realized. After the control switch 10 is closed to the second connection terminal side, the induction coil 3 starts to input electric energy to the power management circuit; after the control switch is closed to the first connection terminal side, the induction coil 3 does not output electric power to the power management circuit.
The control switch 10 is a three-way double-throw switch, and nine wiring points are connected by the wiring method, and the control switch has the following characteristics:
A. the tap of the winding 6 of the star-connected induction coil 3 is directly connected with the first wiring terminal, so that the disassembly and the combination of the device are convenient.
B. The control switch 10 is closed to the second connection terminal side to connect the tap of the winding 6 of the star-connected induction coil 3 to the input terminal of the power management circuit, and the input terminal of the power management circuit is a symmetrical load, so that no neutral line is provided.
C. The control switch 10 is closed to the first connection terminal side to disconnect the taps of the windings 6 of the star-connected induction coil 3 and the input terminals of the power management circuit and to short the two taps of each winding 6, preventing the induction coil secondary side from being in an open state with the potential risk of generating high voltages.
The power management circuitry is housed within a package 5, as shown in fig. 5.
The power management circuit comprises an impact protection module, a three-phase rectification module, a transformer, a filtering module, a power switching module, a voltage reduction type battery charging management module, an energy storage battery and an output port.
In the power management circuit, the electric energy output by the induction coil 3 is changed into direct current after passing through the impact protection module, the three-phase rectification module, the transformer and the filtering module, and is respectively connected with the power switching module and the voltage-reduction battery charging management module, and the voltage-reduction battery charging management module is connected with the energy storage battery and is used for charging the energy storage battery. The electric energy of the energy storage battery or the direct current electricity of the induction coil 3 after the circuit conversion are output from the output port through the power supply switching module.
If alternating current is passed through the three-phase alternating current cable, a time-varying magnetic field around the cable generates alternating current in the windings 6 of the induction coil 3 by electromagnetic induction. The power supply management circuit is changed into direct current to drive the vehicle-mounted sensor. Under the working conditions of acceleration, climbing and the like of the automobile, the current in the three-phase alternating current cable of the three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor 4 is larger, the time-varying magnetic field intensity around the three-phase alternating current cable is higher at the moment, the excessive electric energy output by the induction coil 3 is stored in the energy storage battery, and even if the three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor 4 stops running, the energy storage battery can maintain the work of the vehicle-mounted power equipment. The combined supply of the induction coil 3 and the energy storage battery is thus advantageous for the continuous operation of the vehicle-mounted device.
According to the running condition of the vehicle, the star-connected induction coils 3 output three energy supply states of the magnetic field energy collecting device from low to high:
state one: the energy storage battery outputs electric energy;
state two: the induction coil outputs electric energy;
state three: the induction coil outputs electric energy and simultaneously charges the energy storage battery.
The three states are automatically switched by the power management circuit, so that the device can stably provide electric energy for a load under various working conditions of the automobile.
The energy storage battery is used as a standby energy source of the magnetic field energy collecting device and is used for driving an electric load when the energy output by the induction coil 3 is insufficient.
Preferably, the energy storage battery is a polymer lithium battery.
The buck battery charge management module is used for charging the energy storage battery.
Fig. 7 is a logic block diagram of the energy flow within the power management circuit.
The power supply switching circuit is used for realizing automatic switching of two states of the output energy of the induction coil or the output energy of the energy storage battery.
As shown in fig. 6, the power supply switching circuit includes P-channel insulated gate field effect transistors M1 and M2 and two diodes D1 and D2, wherein a gate of M1 and a source of M2 are respectively connected to a positive electrode of a voltage U, an anode of D1 and a gate of M2 are respectively connected to a drain of M1, an anode of D2 is connected to a drain of M2, a positive electrode of an energy storage battery is connected to a source of M1, a cathode of D1 and a cathode of D2 are connected to an output port as a positive electrode of an output direct current, a negative electrode of the voltage U and a negative electrode of the energy storage battery are connected, and a negative electrode of the output direct current is connected to the output port.
The voltage U is the direct current output by the filtering module of the electric energy output by the induction coil 3. The voltage U is compared with the voltage of the energy storage battery through a circuit formed by the P-channel insulated gate field effect transistors M1 and M2, and the voltage with higher voltage can be output to an output port; diodes D1, D2 are used to prevent current from flowing backwards. Thereby effecting a switch between state one and state two.
The charging starting voltage threshold of the buck battery charging management module is set to be higher than the rated voltage value output by the filtering module by 1-2V. When the filter module outputs rated voltage, the voltage-reducing battery charging management module does not start charging because the rated voltage is lower than a charging starting voltage threshold value; when the induction coil 3 outputs energy surplus, the output voltage of the filtering module rises until reaching the starting voltage threshold of the voltage-reducing battery charging management module, and the energy storage battery starts to be charged. And switching between the second state and the third state is realized.
An energy management method based on a magnetic field energy harvesting device, comprising the steps of:
1. the induction coil 3 is fixed to the three-phase umbilical in a through-hole mounting. At least one group of star-shaped induction coils 3 are arranged on the three-phase alternating current cables, and the three induction coils 3 are respectively positioned on the three-phase alternating current cables. Each set of windings 6 comprises 2 taps, the 2 taps of each set of windings 6 are connected to one end of the control switch 10 through a first connection terminal, the other end of the control switch 10 is connected to an input port of the power management circuit through a second connection terminal, and an output port of the power management circuit is connected to the electric load through a third connection terminal.
The time-varying magnetic field around the three-phase alternating current cable generates alternating current in the winding 6 of the induction coil 3 by electromagnetic induction, and the alternating current is changed into direct current through the power management circuit to drive an electric load.
Preferably, in step 1, the electrical load is an in-vehicle sensor or other low-power consumption electrical load.
2. According to the running condition of the vehicle, the star-connected induction coils 3 output three energy supply states of the magnetic field energy collecting device from low to high:
state one: the energy storage battery outputs electric energy;
state two: the induction coil outputs electric energy;
state three: the induction coil outputs electric energy and simultaneously charges the energy storage battery.
The three states are automatically switched by the power management circuit, so that the device can stably provide electric energy for a load under various working conditions of the automobile.
2.1 switching between state one and state two is achieved by a power switching circuit.
The power supply switching circuit comprises P-channel insulated gate field effect transistors M1 and M2 and two diodes D1 and D2, wherein the grid electrode of the M1 and the source electrode of the M2 are respectively connected to the positive electrode of a voltage U, the anode of the D1 and the grid electrode of the M2 are respectively connected to the drain electrode of the M1, the anode of the D2 is connected to the drain electrode of the M2, the positive electrode of the energy storage battery is connected to the source electrode of the M1, the cathode of the D1 and the cathode of the D2 are connected to an output port as the positive electrode of the output direct current, and the negative electrode of the voltage U is connected with the negative electrode of the energy storage battery and is connected to the output port as the negative electrode of the output direct current.
The voltage is the direct current output by the filtering module of the electric energy output by the induction coil 3. The voltage U and the voltage of the energy storage battery are compared through a circuit formed by the P-channel insulated gate field effect transistors M1 and M2 to realize the switching of the power supply. When the voltage U is higher than the voltage of the energy storage battery, the source electrode and the drain electrode of the M1 are cut off, and the energy storage battery cannot output current through the M1; the source electrode and the drain electrode of M2 are conducted, and the positive electrode of the voltage U outputs current through M2 and D2. When the voltage U is lower than the voltage of the energy storage battery, the source electrode and the drain electrode of the M1 are conducted, and the energy storage battery outputs current through the M1 and the D1; the source and drain of M2 are turned off, and the positive electrode of voltage U cannot output current through M2. Therefore, the higher voltage can be output to the back end; d1, D2 are used to prevent current backflow.
2.2 switching between the second state and the third state is realized through the voltage reduction type battery charging management module.
The threshold value of the charging starting voltage of the buck battery charging management module is set to be 1-2V higher than the rated voltage output by the filtering module. When the filter module outputs rated voltage, the rated voltage is lower than a charging starting voltage threshold, so that the electric energy output by the induction coil 3 is only supplied to a terminal load, and the voltage-reducing battery charging management module does not start charging; when the induction coil 3 outputs surplus energy, the output voltage of the filtering module rises until the threshold value of the starting voltage of the step-down battery charging management module is reached, and at the moment, the electric energy output by the induction coil 3 is supplied to the end load and simultaneously starts to charge the energy storage battery.
Claims (10)
1. The magnetic field energy collecting device based on the three-phase intersecting streamline cable is applied to an electric automobile, and the electric automobile comprises a storage battery (1), a motor controller (2) and a three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (4);
the storage battery (1) is connected with the motor controller (2), and the motor controller (2) is connected with the three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (4) through three-phase intersecting streamline cables; the storage battery (1) outputs direct current to the motor controller (2), and the motor controller (2) outputs three-phase alternating current to the three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (4) through the three-phase alternating current cable after performing direct current/alternating current conversion;
the method is characterized in that:
a magnetic field energy collecting device is arranged on a three-phase alternating current cable between the motor controller (2) and the three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (4), the magnetic field energy collecting device is used for converting magnetic field energy into electric energy, and the device comprises an induction coil (3), a control switch (10) and a power management circuit;
the single induction coil (3) comprises an iron core (7) and a winding (6) wound on the iron core (7), and is fixed on the three-phase multi-conductor cable in a penetrating installation mode;
the winding (6) is a plurality of turns of copper enameled wires wound on the iron core (7) along the same direction, and two end taps of the copper enameled wires are reserved; the taps at two ends of the winding (6) are connected to a power management circuit through a control switch (10), so that the electric energy output by the induction coil (3) is input to the power management circuit;
the power supply management circuit comprises an impact protection module, a three-phase rectification module, a transformer, a filtering module, a power supply switching module, a voltage reduction type battery charging management module, an energy storage battery and an output port;
the electric energy output by the induction coil (3) is changed into direct current after passing through the impact protection module, the three-phase rectification module, the transformer and the filtering module, and is respectively connected with the power supply switching module and the voltage-reduction battery charging management module, the voltage-reduction battery charging management module is connected with the energy storage battery and is used for charging the energy storage battery, and the electric energy of the energy storage battery or the direct current after the induction coil (3) is subjected to circuit conversion is output from the output port through the power supply switching module;
setting a charging starting voltage threshold of the buck battery charging management module to be higher than a rated voltage value output by the filtering module; when the filter module outputs rated voltage, the voltage-reducing battery charging management module does not start charging because the rated voltage is lower than a charging starting voltage threshold value; when the output voltage of the filtering module reaches the starting voltage threshold of the voltage-reducing battery charging management module, starting to charge the energy storage battery;
the power supply switching module comprises P-channel insulated gate field effect transistors M1 and M2 and two diodes D1 and D2, wherein a grid electrode of the M1 and a source electrode of the M2 are respectively connected to an anode of a voltage U, an anode of the D1 and a grid electrode of the M2 are respectively connected to a drain electrode of the M1, an anode of the D2 is connected to a drain electrode of the M2, an anode of an energy storage battery is connected to the source electrode of the M1, a cathode of the D1 and a cathode of the D2 are connected to an output port as positive poles of output direct current, a cathode of the voltage U is connected with a cathode of the energy storage battery, and the cathode of the voltage U is connected to the output port as negative poles of the output direct current;
the voltage U is the direct current output by the filtering module of the electric energy output by the induction coil (3); the voltage U is compared with the voltage of the energy storage battery through a circuit formed by the P-channel insulated gate field effect transistors M1 and M2, and the voltage with higher voltage can be output to the output port.
2. The three-phase multi-cable based magnetic field energy harvesting apparatus of claim 1, wherein: each three-phase alternating current cable is provided with an induction coil (3), the three induction coils (3) positioned on different three-phase alternating current cables are connected in a star connection way, one or more sets of induction coils are arranged along the length direction of the three-phase alternating current cable, and each three induction coils (3) is provided with a control switch (10);
each group of windings (6) comprises 2 taps, the 2 taps of each group of windings (6) are respectively connected to one end of a control switch (10) through a first wiring terminal, the other end of the control switch (10) is connected to an input port of a power management circuit through a second wiring terminal, and an output port of the power management circuit is connected to an electric load through a third wiring terminal.
3. The three-phase multi-cable based magnetic field energy harvesting apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the magnetic field energy collecting device further comprises a packaging box (5), wherein the packaging box (5) is used for accommodating the control switch (10), the wiring terminal and the power management circuit; the control switch (10) is embedded in the front side surface of the packaging box (5), the left side surface and the rear side surface of the packaging box (5) are provided with ventilation and heat dissipation windows, and the front side surface and the rear side surface are provided with wiring windows.
4. The three-phase multi-cable based magnetic field energy harvesting apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the diameter of the winding (6) is 0.3mm.
5. The three-phase multi-cable based magnetic field energy harvesting apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the iron core (7) is made of silicon steel.
6. The three-phase multi-cable based magnetic field energy harvesting apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the core (7) of the single induction coil (3) has an integral "O" structure, an open-air-gap "O" structure or a split "C" structure.
7. The three-phase multi-cable based magnetic field energy harvesting apparatus of claim 1, wherein: and the energy storage battery is a polymer lithium battery.
8. An energy management method based on the magnetic field energy collection device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1) The induction coils (3) are fixed on the three-phase alternating current cables in a penetrating mode, at least one group of star-connected induction coils (3) are arranged on the three-phase alternating current cables, the three induction coils (3) are respectively positioned on the three-phase alternating current cables, each group of windings (6) comprises 2 taps, the 2 taps of each group of windings (6) are respectively connected to one end of the control switch (10) through a first wiring terminal, the other end of the control switch (10) is connected to an input port of the power management circuit through a second wiring terminal, and an output port of the power management circuit is connected to an electric load through a third wiring terminal;
the time-varying magnetic field around the three-phase alternating current cable generates alternating current in a winding (6) of the induction coil (3) through electromagnetic induction, and the alternating current is changed into direct current through a power management circuit to drive an electric load;
2) According to the running condition of the vehicle, the star-connected induction coils (3) output energy from low to high corresponding to three energy supply states of the magnetic field energy collecting device:
state one: the energy storage battery outputs electric energy;
state two: the induction coil outputs electric energy;
state three: the induction coil outputs electric energy and charges an energy storage battery;
the three states are automatically switched by the power management circuit, so that the device can stably provide electric energy for a load under various working conditions of the automobile;
2.1 A power supply switching circuit is used for switching between the first state and the second state;
the power supply switching circuit comprises P-channel insulated gate field effect transistors M1 and M2 and two diodes D1 and D2, wherein the grid electrode of the M1 and the source electrode of the M2 are respectively connected to the positive electrode of a voltage U, the anode of the D1 and the grid electrode of the M2 are respectively connected to the drain electrode of the M1, the anode of the D2 is connected to the drain electrode of the M2, the positive electrode of the energy storage battery is connected to the source electrode of the M1, the cathode of the D1 and the cathode of the D2 are connected to an output port as the positive electrode of the output direct current, and the negative electrode of the voltage U is connected with the negative electrode of the energy storage battery and is connected to the output port as the negative electrode of the output direct current;
the voltage U is the direct current output by the filtering module of the electric energy output by the induction coil (3); the voltage U and the voltage of the energy storage battery are compared through a circuit formed by the P-channel insulated gate field effect transistors M1 and M2 to realize the switching of the power supply; when the voltage U is higher than the voltage of the energy storage battery, the source electrode and the drain electrode of the M1 are cut off, and the energy storage battery cannot output current through the M1; the source electrode and the drain electrode of M2 are conducted, and the positive electrode of the voltage U outputs current through M2 and D2; when the voltage U is lower than the voltage of the energy storage battery, the source electrode and the drain electrode of the M1 are conducted, and the energy storage battery outputs current through the M1 and the D1; the source electrode and the drain electrode of M2 are cut off, and the positive electrode of the voltage U cannot output current through M2; thus, a higher voltage can be output to the output port; d1 and D2 are used to prevent current backflow;
2.2 The step-down battery charge management module is used for realizing the switching between the second state and the third state;
setting a charging starting voltage threshold of the buck battery charging management module to be higher than a rated voltage value output by the filtering module; when the filter module outputs rated voltage, the rated voltage is lower than a charging starting voltage threshold value, so that the electric energy output by the induction coil (3) is only supplied to a terminal load, and the voltage-reducing battery charging management module does not start charging; the output voltage of the filtering module reaches the threshold value of the starting voltage of the voltage-reducing battery charging management module, and the electric energy output by the induction coil (3) starts to charge the energy storage battery while being supplied to the end load.
9. The energy management method of claim 8, wherein: in step 1), the electric load is an in-vehicle sensor or other low-power consumption electric load.
10. The energy management method of claim 8 or 9, wherein: in the step 2.2), the charging starting voltage threshold of the buck battery charging management module is set to be 1-2V higher than the output rated voltage value of the filtering module.
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| CN102638090A (en) * | 2012-04-16 | 2012-08-15 | 江苏大学 | Temperature measurement wireless node power supply capable of collecting AC (alternating current)-bus surrounding magnetic field energy |
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