CN114172276A - Magnetic field energy collecting device based on three-phase alternating-current cable and energy management method - Google Patents
Magnetic field energy collecting device based on three-phase alternating-current cable and energy management method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114172276A CN114172276A CN202111516667.3A CN202111516667A CN114172276A CN 114172276 A CN114172276 A CN 114172276A CN 202111516667 A CN202111516667 A CN 202111516667A CN 114172276 A CN114172276 A CN 114172276A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/005—Mechanical details of housing or structure aiming to accommodate the power transfer means, e.g. mechanical integration of coils, antennas or transducers into emitting or receiving devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/24—Magnetic cores
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
- H01F27/30—Fastening or clamping coils, windings, or parts thereof together; Fastening or mounting coils or windings on core, casing, or other support
- H01F27/306—Fastening or mounting coils or windings on core, casing or other support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
- H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
- H02J7/06—Regulation of charging current or voltage using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
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- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a magnetic field energy collecting device and an energy management method, in particular to a magnetic field energy collecting device of a three-phase alternating current cable which is electrified with alternating current, which is applied to an electric automobile, wherein the electric automobile comprises a storage battery (1), a motor controller (2) and a three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (4); a magnetic field energy collecting device is arranged on a three-phase alternating current cable between the motor controller (2) and the three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (4), the magnetic field energy collecting device is used for converting magnetic field energy into electric energy, and the device comprises an induction coil (3), a control switch (10) and a power management circuit; the design of the power management circuit allows the magnetic field energy collecting device to have three working states, the working states are automatically converted in real time according to the amount of energy output by the energy conversion device, stable power supply to electrical appliances is guaranteed under complex and variable vehicle running conditions, and meanwhile, the energy utilization rate is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a magnetic field energy collecting device and an energy management method, in particular to a magnetic field energy collecting device and an energy management method of a three-phase alternating current cable which is electrified with alternating current.
Background
With the development of technology, electromotion, networking, intellectualization and sharing have become the development direction of automobiles. The development of automobiles already steps on the process of 'new and quartic', and pure electric automobiles are provided with high-voltage power battery packs as the energy sources of the whole automobiles, and the pure electric automobiles are mainly used for providing running energy for three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motors of the automobiles. However, the power battery is the only energy source of the whole vehicle, each sensor node used by the vehicle needs to take the energy of the power battery, a complex DC/DC converter is needed to convert the voltage of the power battery up to hundreds of volts into low voltage used by the vehicle electrical appliances or sensors in the process, and the sensors used by the intelligent network connected vehicle are various in types and large in quantity, so that the wiring is very complicated, the reliability of an electrical system is reduced, the wiring cost is increased, the load of the battery is increased, and the endurance mileage of the vehicle is reduced. However, the research and development of the existing electric networking intelligent vehicle mainly focuses on software, sensing and safety, and the achievement is limited in the aspect of mining the energy efficient utilization potential.
Therefore, a novel vehicle-mounted power supply device is developed, and great help is brought to the green operation of the electric vehicle autonomous sensing equipment or the sensor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a magnetic field energy collecting device and an energy management method based on a three-phase alternating-current cable, and the device and the energy management method provide an energy-saving, environment-friendly and low-cost solution for the power supply problem of a sensor aiming at a vehicle-mounted low-power-consumption electric appliance of an electric vehicle.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a magnetic field energy collecting device based on a three-phase alternating current cable is applied to an electric automobile, and the electric automobile comprises a storage battery 1, a motor controller 2 and a three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor 4;
the storage battery 1 is connected with the motor controller 2, and the motor controller 2 is connected with the three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor 4 through a three-phase alternating current cable; the storage battery 1 outputs direct current to the motor controller 2, and the motor controller 2 outputs three-phase alternating current to the three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor 4 through a three-phase alternating current cable after direct current/alternating current conversion;
a magnetic field energy collecting device is arranged on a three-phase alternating current cable between the motor controller 2 and the three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor 4, the magnetic field energy collecting device is used for converting magnetic field energy into electric energy, and the device comprises an induction coil 3, a control switch 10 and a power supply management circuit;
the single induction coil 3 comprises an iron core 7 and a winding 6 wound on the iron core 7, and is fixed on the three-phase alternating current cable in a piercing installation mode;
the winding 6 is a plurality of turns of copper enameled wires wound on the iron core 7 along the same direction, and two end taps of the copper enameled wires are reserved; two end taps of the winding 6 are connected to a power management circuit through a control switch 10, so that the electric energy output by the induction coil 3 is input to the power management circuit;
the power management circuit comprises an impact protection module, a three-phase rectification module, a transformer, a filtering module, a power switching module, a buck battery charging management module, an energy storage battery and an output port;
after passing through the impact protection module, the three-phase rectification module, the transformer and the filtering module, the electric energy output by the induction coil 3 is converted into direct current which is respectively connected with the power supply switching module and the voltage reduction type battery charging management module, the voltage reduction type battery charging management module is connected with the energy storage battery and used for charging the energy storage battery, and the electric energy of the energy storage battery or the direct current after the circuit conversion of the induction coil 3 is output from an output port through the power supply switching module;
setting a charging starting voltage threshold value of the buck battery charging management module to be higher than an output rated voltage value of the filtering module; when the filter module outputs the rated voltage, the voltage reduction type battery charging management module does not start charging because the rated voltage is lower than the charging starting voltage threshold; when the output voltage of the filtering module reaches the starting voltage threshold of the voltage reduction type battery charging management module, starting to charge the energy storage battery;
the power supply switching circuit comprises P-channel insulated gate field effect transistors M1, M2 and two diodes D1 and D2, wherein a grid electrode of M1 and a source electrode of M2 are respectively connected to a positive electrode of a voltage U, an anode of D1 and a grid electrode of M2 are respectively connected to a drain electrode of M1, an anode of D2 is connected to a drain electrode of M2, a positive electrode of an energy storage battery is connected to a source electrode of M1, a cathode of D1 and a cathode of D2 are used as positive electrodes of output direct current quantity and are connected to an output port, a negative electrode of the voltage U is connected with a negative electrode of the energy storage battery, and a negative electrode of the voltage U is connected to the output port;
the voltage U is the direct current quantity output by the induction coil 3 in the filter module; the voltage U and the voltage of the energy storage battery are compared through a circuit formed by P-channel insulated gate field effect transistors M1 and M2, and the higher voltage can be output to an output port.
Each three-phase alternating current cable is provided with an induction coil 3, three induction coils 3 positioned on different three-phase alternating current cables are connected in a star connection mode, one or more induction coils are arranged along the length direction of the three-phase alternating current cables, and each three induction coils 3 are provided with a control switch 10;
each group of windings 6 comprises 2 taps, wherein 2 taps of each group of windings 6 are respectively connected to one end of the control switch 10 through the first wiring terminal, the other end of the control switch 10 is connected to the input port of the power management circuit through the second wiring terminal, and the output port of the power management circuit is connected to the power load through the third wiring terminal.
The magnetic field energy collecting device also comprises a packaging box 5, wherein the packaging box 5 is used for accommodating the control switch 10, the wiring terminal and the power management circuit; the control switch 10 is embedded in the front side surface of the packaging box 5, the left side surface and the rear side surface of the packaging box 5 are provided with ventilation and heat dissipation windows, and the front side surface and the rear side surface are provided with wiring windows.
The diameter of the winding 6 is 0.3 mm.
The iron core 7 is made of silicon steel.
The core 7 of the single induction coil 3 has a monolithic "O" shaped structure, an open air "O" shaped structure or a split "C" shaped structure.
The energy storage battery is a polymer lithium battery.
A method of energy management based on the magnetic field energy harvesting device, the method comprising the steps of:
1) the induction coils 3 are fixed on a three-phase alternating-current cable in a piercing installation mode, at least one group of induction coils 3 in star connection is installed on the three-phase alternating-current cable, the number of the group of induction coils 3 is three, the induction coils are respectively located on the three-phase alternating-current cable, each group of windings 6 comprises 2 taps, the 2 taps of each group of windings 6 are respectively connected to one end of a control switch 10 through a first wiring terminal, the other end of the control switch 10 is connected to an input port of a power management circuit through a second wiring terminal, and an output port of the power management circuit is connected to an electric load through a third wiring terminal;
a time-varying magnetic field around the three-phase alternating-current cable generates alternating current in a winding 6 of the induction coil 3 through electromagnetic induction, and the alternating current is converted into direct current through a power management circuit to drive an electric load;
2) according to the running working condition of the vehicle, the output energy of the induction coil 3 in star connection corresponds to three energy supply states of the magnetic field energy collecting device from low to high:
the first state: the energy storage battery outputs electric energy;
and a second state: the induction coil outputs electric energy;
and a third state: the induction coil outputs electric energy and charges the energy storage battery at the same time;
the three states are automatically switched by the power management circuit, so that the device can stably provide electric energy for the load under various working conditions of the automobile;
2.1) switching between a first state and a second state is realized through a power supply switching circuit;
the power supply switching circuit comprises P-channel insulated gate field effect transistors M1 and M2 and two diodes D1 and D2, wherein the grid of the M1 and the source of the M2 are respectively connected to the anode of a voltage U, the anode of the D1 and the grid of the M2 are respectively connected to the drain of the M1, the anode of the D2 is connected to the drain of the M2, the anode of the energy storage battery is connected to the source of the M1, the cathode of the D1 and the cathode of the D2 are used as the anode of an output direct current quantity and are connected to an output port, the cathode of the voltage U is connected with the cathode of the energy storage battery, and the cathode of the voltage U which is used as the output direct current quantity is connected to the output port;
the voltage U is the direct current quantity output by the induction coil 3 in the filter module; the voltage U and the voltage of the energy storage battery are compared through a circuit formed by P-channel insulated gate field effect transistors M1 and M2 to realize the switching of the power supply; when the positive pole of the voltage U is higher than the voltage of the energy storage battery, the source electrode and the drain electrode of the M1 are cut off, and the energy storage battery cannot output current through the M1; the source electrode and the drain electrode of the M2 are conducted, and the positive electrode of the voltage U outputs current through the M2 and the D2; when the voltage U is lower than the voltage of the energy storage battery, the source electrode and the drain electrode of the M1 are conducted, and the energy storage battery outputs current through the M1 and the D1; the source electrode and the drain electrode of the M2 are cut off, and the positive electrode of the voltage U can not output current through the M2; therefore, the higher voltage can be output to the output port; d1 and D2 are used for preventing current from flowing backwards;
2.2) switching between the second state and the third state is realized through a buck battery charging management module;
setting a charging starting voltage threshold value of the buck battery charging management module to be higher than an output rated voltage value of the filtering module; when the filter module outputs rated voltage, because the rated voltage is lower than the threshold value of the charging starting voltage, the electric energy output by the induction coil 3 is only supplied to a terminal load, and the charging management module of the buck battery does not start charging; the output voltage of the filtering module reaches the threshold value of the starting voltage of the voltage reduction type battery charging management module, and at the moment, the electric energy output by the induction coil 3 starts to charge the energy storage battery while being supplied to the tail end load.
In step 1, the power load is a vehicle-mounted sensor or other low-power consumption power load.
In step 2.2, setting the charging starting voltage threshold of the buck battery charging management module to be higher than the output rated voltage value of the filter module by 1-2V.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the energy conversion device collects magnetic field energy radiated by the three-phase alternating current cable in the surrounding space and greatly improves the output power of the magnetic field energy collection device through a proper connection mode, so that the device has the potential of driving more types of vehicle-mounted electric equipment or sensors.
The design of the power management circuit allows the magnetic field energy collecting device to have three working states, the working states are automatically converted in real time according to the amount of energy output by the energy conversion device, stable power supply to electrical appliances is guaranteed under complex and variable vehicle running conditions, and meanwhile, the energy utilization rate is improved.
Compared with the traditional battery power supply mode, the technology is an energy-saving, environment-friendly and low-cost solution for the power supply problem of the vehicle-mounted low-power-consumption electric appliance (sensor) of the electric automobile.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a magnetic field energy collecting device and an installation method thereof according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an induction coil 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the enclosure 5.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the internal wiring of the enclosure 5.
Fig. 5 is a block diagram of a power management circuit.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a power switching module.
FIG. 7 is a logic block diagram of the energy flow within the power management circuit.
Reference numerals:
1. storage battery 2 and motor controller
3. Induction coil 4, three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor
5. Packaging box 6, winding
7. Iron core 10 and control switch
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to be limiting.
As shown in fig. 1, a magnetic field energy collecting device based on a three-phase alternating current cable is applied to an electric vehicle, and the electric vehicle comprises a storage battery 1, a motor controller 2 and a three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor 4;
the storage battery 1 is connected with the motor controller 2, and the motor controller 2 is connected with the three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor 4 through a three-phase alternating current cable. The storage battery 1 outputs direct current to the motor controller 2, and after the motor controller 2 performs direct current/alternating current conversion, three-phase alternating current is output to the three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor 4 through a three-phase alternating current cable.
A magnetic field energy collecting device is arranged on a three-phase alternating current cable between the motor controller 2 and the three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor 4, the magnetic field energy collecting device is used for converting magnetic field energy into electric energy, and the device comprises an induction coil 3, a control switch 10, a power management circuit and a packaging box 5.
As shown in fig. 2, the single induction coil 3 includes a core 7 and a winding 6 wound around the core 7, and is fixed to a three-phase ac cable in a piercing-fit manner.
The winding 6 is a multi-turn copper enameled wire with the optimal diameter of 0.3mm and wound on the iron core 7 along the same direction, and two end taps of the copper enameled wire are reserved. The iron core 7 is made of silicon steel. The two end taps of the winding 6 are connected to a power management circuit through a control switch 10, so that the electric energy output by the induction coil 3 is input to the power management circuit.
Each three-phase alternating current cable is provided with an induction coil 3, the three induction coils 3 positioned on different three-phase alternating current cables are connected in a star connection mode, one or more induction coils are arranged along the length direction of the three-phase alternating current cables, and each three induction coil 3 is provided with a control switch 10. The core 7 of the single induction coil 3 has a monolithic "O" shaped structure, an open air "O" shaped structure or a split "C" shaped structure.
As shown in fig. 3, the enclosure 5 is for housing the control switch 10, the connection terminals and the power management circuit. The control switch 10 is embedded in the front side surface of the packaging box 5, the left side surface and the rear side surface of the packaging box 5 are provided with ventilation and heat dissipation windows, and the front side surface and the rear side surface are provided with wiring windows. The enclosure 5 provides some protection for the devices disposed therein.
As shown in fig. 4, each set of windings 6 includes 2 taps, the 2 taps of each set of windings 6 are respectively connected to one end of the control switch 10 through a first connection terminal, the other end of the control switch 10 is connected to the input port of the power management circuit through a second connection terminal, and the output port of the power management circuit is connected to the power load through a third connection terminal.
Each group of windings 6 of the star-connected induction coils 3 is provided with a control switch 10, and the number of the star-connected induction coils 3 connected to the power management circuit is changed through the control switches 10 according to different power required by rear-end electric appliances, so that power matching is realized. After the control switch 10 is closed to the second wiring terminal side, the induction coil 3 starts to input electric energy to the power management circuit; after the control switch is closed to the first wiring terminal side, the induction coil 3 does not output electric energy to the power management circuit.
The control switch 10 is a three-way double-throw switch, nine connection points are connected by the above-mentioned connection method, and has the following characteristics:
A. the tap of the winding 6 of the star connection induction coil 3 is directly connected with the first connecting terminal, so that the device is convenient to disassemble and assemble.
B. The control switch 10 is closed towards the second connection terminal, connecting the tap of the winding 6 of the star-connected induction coil 3 with the input of the power management circuit, which is not provided with a neutral line, since the input port of the power management circuit is a symmetrical load.
C. The control switch 10 is closed towards the first wiring terminal side, so that the taps of the windings 6 of the star-connected induction coils 3 are disconnected from the input end of the power management circuit, and the two taps of each winding 6 are in short circuit, thereby preventing the secondary side of the induction coil from being in an open circuit state and preventing the potential danger of generating high voltage.
The power management circuit is housed in a housing box 5, as shown in fig. 5.
The power management circuit comprises an impact protection module, a three-phase rectification module, a transformer, a filtering module, a power switching module, a buck battery charging management module, an energy storage battery and an output port.
In the power management circuit, the electric energy output by the induction coil 3 is converted into direct current after passing through the impact protection module, the three-phase rectification module, the transformer and the filtering module, and then the direct current is respectively connected with the power switching module and the voltage reduction type battery charging management module, and the voltage reduction type battery charging management module is connected with the energy storage battery and used for charging the energy storage battery. The electric energy of the energy storage battery or the direct current electricity converted by the circuit of the induction coil 3 is output from the output port through the power supply switching module.
If alternating current is conducted in the three-phase alternating current cable, a time-varying magnetic field around the cable generates alternating current in the windings 6 of the induction coil 3 by electromagnetic induction. The direct current is converted into direct current through a power management circuit to drive the vehicle-mounted sensor. Under the operating mode such as car acceleration, climbing, the electric current in the three-phase AC cable of three-phase PMSM 4 is great, and the time-varying magnetic field intensity is higher around the three-phase AC cable this moment, and the surplus electric energy storage of induction coil 3 output is in the energy storage battery, even if three-phase PMSM 4 out of service also can be by the work of energy storage battery maintenance vehicle power equipment. Therefore, the combined energy supply mode of the induction coil 3 and the energy storage battery is beneficial to the continuous operation of the vehicle-mounted equipment.
According to the running working condition of the vehicle, the output energy of the induction coil 3 in star connection corresponds to three energy supply states of the magnetic field energy collecting device from low to high:
the first state: the energy storage battery outputs electric energy;
and a second state: the induction coil outputs electric energy;
and a third state: the induction coil outputs electric energy to charge the energy storage battery at the same time.
The three states are automatically switched by the power management circuit, so that the device can stably provide electric energy for the load under various working conditions of the automobile.
The energy storage battery is used as a standby energy source of the magnetic field energy collecting device and is used for driving the electric load when the output energy of the induction coil 3 is insufficient.
Preferably, the energy storage battery is a polymer lithium battery.
The voltage reduction type battery charging management module is used for charging the energy storage battery.
FIG. 7 is a logic block diagram of the energy flow within the power management circuit.
The power supply switching circuit is used for realizing automatic switching of two states of the output energy of the induction coil or the output energy of the energy storage battery.
As shown in fig. 6, the power switching circuit includes P-channel insulated gate field effect transistors M1, M2 and two diodes D1, D2, wherein a gate of M1 and a source of M2 are respectively connected to an anode of a voltage U, an anode of D1 and a gate of M2 are respectively connected to a drain of M1, an anode of D2 is connected to a drain of M2, an anode of an energy storage battery is connected to a source of M1, a cathode of D1 and a cathode of D2 are connected to an output port as an anode for outputting a direct current, a cathode of the voltage U is connected to a cathode of the energy storage battery, and a cathode as an output direct current is connected to the output port.
The voltage U is a direct current quantity output by the induction coil 3 at the filter module. The voltage U and the voltage of the energy storage battery are compared through a circuit formed by P-channel insulated gate field effect transistors M1 and M2, and the higher voltage can be output to an output port; the diodes D1, D2 are used to prevent the current from flowing backward. Thereby realizing the switching between the first state and the second state.
And setting the charging starting voltage threshold of the buck battery charging management module to be higher than the output rated voltage value of the filtering module by 1-2V. When the filter module outputs the rated voltage, the voltage reduction type battery charging management module does not start charging because the rated voltage is lower than the charging starting voltage threshold; when the induction coil 3 outputs energy, the output voltage of the filtering module rises until reaching the threshold of the starting voltage of the voltage reduction type battery charging management module, and the energy storage battery starts to be charged. And switching between the second state and the third state is realized.
A method of energy management based on a magnetic field energy harvesting device, comprising the steps of:
1. the induction coil 3 is fixed to the three-phase ac cable in a piercing-fit manner. At least one group of star-connected induction coils 3 is arranged on the three-phase alternating current cables, and the three groups of induction coils 3 are respectively positioned on the three-phase alternating current cables. Each group of windings 6 comprises 2 taps, wherein 2 taps of each group of windings 6 are respectively connected to one end of the control switch 10 through the first wiring terminal, the other end of the control switch 10 is connected to the input port of the power management circuit through the second wiring terminal, and the output port of the power management circuit is connected to the power load through the third wiring terminal.
The time-varying magnetic field around the three-phase ac cable generates an alternating current in the winding 6 of the induction coil 3 by electromagnetic induction, and the alternating current is converted into a direct current by the power management circuit to drive the electric load.
Preferably, in step 1, the electrical load is an on-board sensor or other low-power-consumption electrical load.
2. According to the running working condition of the vehicle, the output energy of the induction coil 3 in star connection corresponds to three energy supply states of the magnetic field energy collecting device from low to high:
the first state: the energy storage battery outputs electric energy;
and a second state: the induction coil outputs electric energy;
and a third state: the induction coil outputs electric energy to charge the energy storage battery at the same time.
The three states are automatically switched by the power management circuit, so that the device can stably provide electric energy for the load under various working conditions of the automobile.
2.1 the switching between the first state and the second state is realized through a power supply switching circuit.
A power supply switching circuit comprises P-channel insulated gate field effect transistors M1 and M2 and two diodes D1 and D2, wherein the grid of M1 and the source of M2 are respectively connected to the anode of a voltage U, the anode of D1 and the grid of M2 are respectively connected to the drain of M1, the anode of D2 is connected to the drain of M2, the anode of an energy storage battery is connected to the source of M1, the cathode of D1 and the cathode of D2 are used as the anode of an output direct current quantity and are connected to an output port, the cathode of the voltage U is connected with the cathode of the energy storage battery, and the cathode of the voltage U which is used as the cathode of the output direct current quantity is connected to the output port.
The voltage is the direct current quantity output by the induction coil 3 and the electric energy is output by the filtering module. The voltage U and the energy storage battery voltage are compared through a circuit formed by P-channel insulated gate field effect transistors M1 and M2 to realize the switching of the power supply. When the voltage U is higher than the voltage of the energy storage battery, the source electrode and the drain electrode of the M1 are cut off, and the energy storage battery cannot output current through the M1; the source and the drain of the M2 are conducted, and the positive pole of the voltage U outputs current through the M2 and the D2. When the voltage U is lower than the voltage of the energy storage battery, the source electrode and the drain electrode of the M1 are conducted, and the energy storage battery outputs current through the M1 and the D1; the source and the drain of the M2 are cut off, and the positive pole of the voltage U can not output current through the M2. Therefore, the higher voltage can be output to the back end; d1 and D2 are used for preventing current from flowing backwards.
2.2 the switching between the second state and the third state is realized through the voltage reduction type battery charging management module.
And setting the charging starting voltage threshold of the buck battery charging management module to be higher than the output rated voltage value of the filter module by 1-2V. When the filter module outputs rated voltage, because the rated voltage is lower than the threshold value of the charging starting voltage, the electric energy output by the induction coil 3 is only supplied to a terminal load, and the charging management module of the buck battery does not start charging; when the induction coil 3 outputs energy, the output voltage of the filtering module rises until reaching the threshold of the starting voltage of the voltage reduction type battery charging management module, and at the moment, the electric energy output by the induction coil 3 starts to charge the energy storage battery while being supplied to a terminal load.
Claims (10)
1. A magnetic field energy collecting device based on a three-phase alternating current cable is applied to an electric automobile, and the electric automobile comprises a storage battery (1), a motor controller (2) and a three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (4);
the storage battery (1) is connected with the motor controller (2), and the motor controller (2) is connected with the three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (4) through a three-phase alternating current cable; the storage battery (1) outputs direct current to the motor controller (2), and after the motor controller (2) carries out direct current/alternating current conversion, three-phase alternating current is output to the three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (4) through a three-phase alternating current cable;
the method is characterized in that:
a magnetic field energy collecting device is arranged on a three-phase alternating current cable between the motor controller (2) and the three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (4), the magnetic field energy collecting device is used for converting magnetic field energy into electric energy, and the device comprises an induction coil (3), a control switch (10) and a power management circuit;
the single induction coil (3) comprises an iron core (7) and a winding (6) wound on the iron core (7), and is fixed on the three-phase alternating current cable in a piercing installation mode;
the winding (6) is a multi-turn copper enameled wire wound on the iron core (7) along the same direction, and two end taps of the copper enameled wire are reserved; two end taps of the winding (6) are connected to a power management circuit through a control switch (10), so that the electric energy output by the induction coil (3) is input to the power management circuit;
the power management circuit comprises an impact protection module, a three-phase rectification module, a transformer, a filtering module, a power switching module, a buck battery charging management module, an energy storage battery and an output port;
the electric energy output by the induction coil (3) is converted into direct current after passing through the impact protection module, the three-phase rectification module, the transformer and the filtering module, and is respectively connected with the power supply switching module and the voltage reduction type battery charging management module, the voltage reduction type battery charging management module is connected with the energy storage battery and is used for charging the energy storage battery, and the electric energy of the energy storage battery or the direct current after the circuit conversion of the induction coil (3) is output from an output port through the power supply switching module;
setting a charging starting voltage threshold value of the buck battery charging management module to be higher than an output rated voltage value of the filtering module; when the filter module outputs the rated voltage, the voltage reduction type battery charging management module does not start charging because the rated voltage is lower than the charging starting voltage threshold; when the output voltage of the filtering module reaches the starting voltage threshold of the voltage reduction type battery charging management module, starting to charge the energy storage battery;
the power supply switching circuit comprises P-channel insulated gate field effect transistors M1, M2 and two diodes D1 and D2, wherein a grid electrode of M1 and a source electrode of M2 are respectively connected to a positive electrode of a voltage U, an anode of D1 and a grid electrode of M2 are respectively connected to a drain electrode of M1, an anode of D2 is connected to a drain electrode of M2, a positive electrode of an energy storage battery is connected to a source electrode of M1, a cathode of D1 and a cathode of D2 are used as positive electrodes of output direct current quantity and are connected to an output port, a negative electrode of the voltage U is connected with a negative electrode of the energy storage battery, and a negative electrode of the voltage U is connected to the output port;
the voltage U is the direct current quantity output by the induction coil (3) in the filtering module; the voltage U and the voltage of the energy storage battery are compared through a circuit formed by P-channel insulated gate field effect transistors M1 and M2, and the higher voltage can be output to an output port.
2. The magnetic field energy harvesting apparatus based on a three-phase ac cable according to claim 1, wherein: each three-phase alternating current cable is provided with an induction coil (3), three induction coils (3) positioned on different three-phase alternating current cables are connected in a star connection mode, one or more induction coils are arranged along the length direction of the three-phase alternating current cables, and each three induction coils (3) are provided with a control switch (10);
each group of windings (6) comprises 2 taps, the 2 taps of each group of windings (6) are connected to one end of the control switch (10) through the first wiring terminal respectively, the other end of the control switch (10) is connected to the input port of the power management circuit through the second wiring terminal, and the output port of the power management circuit is connected to the power load through the third wiring terminal.
3. The magnetic field energy harvesting apparatus based on a three-phase ac cable according to claim 1, wherein:
the magnetic field energy collecting device also comprises a packaging box (5), wherein the packaging box (5) is used for accommodating the control switch (10), the wiring terminal and the power management circuit; the control switch (10) is embedded in the front side surface of the packaging box (5), the left side surface and the rear side surface of the packaging box (5) are provided with ventilation and heat dissipation windows, and the front side surface and the rear side surface are provided with wiring windows.
4. The magnetic field energy harvesting apparatus based on a three-phase ac cable according to claim 1, wherein: the diameter of the winding (6) is 0.3 mm.
5. The magnetic field energy harvesting apparatus based on a three-phase ac cable according to claim 1, wherein: the iron core (7) is made of silicon steel.
6. The magnetic field energy harvesting apparatus based on a three-phase ac cable according to claim 1, wherein: the iron core (7) of the single induction coil (3) has an integral O-shaped structure, an air-gap O-shaped structure or a split C-shaped structure.
7. The magnetic field energy harvesting apparatus based on a three-phase ac cable according to claim 1, wherein: the energy storage battery is a polymer lithium battery.
8. A method for managing energy based on the magnetic field energy collecting device of claims 1 to 7, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
1) the induction coils (3) are fixed on a three-phase alternating current cable in a piercing installation mode, at least one group of star-connected induction coils (3) is installed on the three-phase alternating current cable, the number of the group of induction coils (3) is three, the induction coils are respectively located on the three-phase alternating current cables, each group of windings (6) comprises 2 taps, the 2 taps of each group of windings (6) are respectively connected to one end of a control switch (10) through first wiring terminals, the other end of the control switch (10) is connected to an input port of a power management circuit through second wiring terminals, and an output port of the power management circuit is connected to an electric load through third wiring terminals;
a time-varying magnetic field around the three-phase alternating current cable generates alternating current in a winding (6) of the induction coil (3) through electromagnetic induction, and the alternating current is converted into direct current through a power management circuit to drive an electric load;
2) according to the running working condition of the vehicle, the output energy of the induction coil (3) in star connection corresponds to three energy supply states of the magnetic field energy collecting device from low to high:
the first state: the energy storage battery outputs electric energy;
and a second state: the induction coil outputs electric energy;
and a third state: the induction coil outputs electric energy and charges the energy storage battery at the same time;
the three states are automatically switched by the power management circuit, so that the device can stably provide electric energy for the load under various working conditions of the automobile;
2.1) switching between a first state and a second state is realized through a power supply switching circuit;
the power supply switching circuit comprises P-channel insulated gate field effect transistors M1 and M2 and two diodes D1 and D2, wherein the grid of the M1 and the source of the M2 are respectively connected to the anode of a voltage U, the anode of the D1 and the grid of the M2 are respectively connected to the drain of the M1, the anode of the D2 is connected to the drain of the M2, the anode of the energy storage battery is connected to the source of the M1, the cathode of the D1 and the cathode of the D2 are used as the anode of an output direct current quantity and are connected to an output port, the cathode of the voltage U is connected with the cathode of the energy storage battery, and the cathode of the voltage U which is used as the output direct current quantity is connected to the output port;
the voltage U is the direct current quantity output by the induction coil (3) in the filtering module; the voltage U and the voltage of the energy storage battery are compared through a circuit formed by P-channel insulated gate field effect transistors M1 and M2 to realize the switching of the power supply; when the voltage U is higher than the voltage of the energy storage battery, the source electrode and the drain electrode of the M1 are cut off, and the energy storage battery cannot output current through the M1; the source electrode and the drain electrode of the M2 are conducted, and the positive electrode of the voltage U outputs current through the M2 and the D2; when the voltage U is lower than the voltage of the energy storage battery, the source electrode and the drain electrode of the M1 are conducted, and the energy storage battery outputs current through the M1 and the D1; the source electrode and the drain electrode of the M2 are cut off, and the positive electrode of the voltage U can not output current through the M2; therefore, the higher voltage can be output to the output port; d1 and D2 are used for preventing current from flowing backwards;
2.2) switching between the second state and the third state is realized through a buck battery charging management module;
setting a charging starting voltage threshold value of the buck battery charging management module to be higher than an output rated voltage value of the filtering module; when the filter module outputs rated voltage, because the rated voltage is lower than a charging starting voltage threshold value, the electric energy output by the induction coil (3) is only supplied to a terminal load, and the charging management module of the buck battery does not start charging; the output voltage of the filtering module reaches the starting voltage threshold of the voltage reduction type battery charging management module, and at the moment, the electric energy output by the induction coil (3) starts to charge the energy storage battery while being supplied to a tail end load.
9. The energy management method of claim 8, wherein: in the step 1), the power load is a vehicle-mounted sensor or other low-power consumption power loads.
10. The energy management method of claim 8 or 9, wherein: and 2.2), setting the charging starting voltage threshold of the buck battery charging management module to be higher than the output rated voltage value of the filter module by 1-2V.
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