CN114171928A - Terahertz planar reflective array antenna based on square ring nested structure - Google Patents
Terahertz planar reflective array antenna based on square ring nested structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN114171928A CN114171928A CN202111365447.5A CN202111365447A CN114171928A CN 114171928 A CN114171928 A CN 114171928A CN 202111365447 A CN202111365447 A CN 202111365447A CN 114171928 A CN114171928 A CN 114171928A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
Abstract
The invention discloses a terahertz planar reflective array antenna based on a square ring nested structure, and belongs to the technical field of terahertz. The novel reflection array unit structure provided by the invention has the design requirements of characteristics such as full phase modulation, wide frequency band and polarization sensitivity resistance, and breaks through the difficult problem that the traditional scheme can not have consideration to phase, frequency band and polarization, and the scheme adopts a rotational symmetry structure, has no polarization sensitivity and has wider effective bandwidth; the novel reflection array unit structure provided by the invention avoids the dependence of phase modulation capability and a fine structure, introduces the broadband array to realize broadband phase modulation, and reduces the requirement on processing precision, so that the novel reflection array unit structure is suitable for the application of millimeter wave and terahertz frequency bands, and has the advantages of simple structure, easiness in processing, stable performance and high yield; the terahertz reflective array antenna is easy to process, low in cost, small in size and excellent in radiation performance, and can make up for the defects of the existing terahertz antenna, such as limited gain, high processing difficulty, high side lobe and cross polarization level and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of terahertz, and particularly relates to a terahertz planar reflective array antenna based on a square ring nested structure.
Background
The planar reflective array antenna is based on a super-surface structure, replaces an array unit with a planar periodic array, and has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, small volume and flexible beam regulation. For millimeter wave and terahertz antennas, the requirement on processing precision is high, a plurality of antenna forms with complex precise structures cannot be realized, and a planar reflective array antenna is a good solution, can meet the requirements on radiation characteristics such as high-gain beams, multi-beam beams and beams with specific shapes, and does not need complex three-dimensional structures. Aiming at millimeter wave and terahertz frequency bands, in order to obtain the performances of broadband, low sidelobe, low cross polarization and the like, the planar reflective array unit is required to have a wide phase modulation range, is insensitive to the incident wave polarization mode and the incident angle, has good broadband consistency of phase modulation, avoids modulating the phase by using a fine structure, and reduces the influence of processing precision errors on the antenna performance.
The existing plane reflection array unit has different structural shapes, and various reflection array antenna forms exist in a microwave band, but the consideration on the processing precision is lacked. The problem can not be considered in the microwave band, but in the millimeter wave terahertz band, due to the high frequency and short wavelength, a plurality of fine structures exceed the limit value of the processing precision. Therefore, although the reflective array antenna of many microwave bands has a wide enough phase modulation range and good broadband consistency, the reflective array antenna of many microwave bands mostly adopts a complex unit structure form, and is not suitable for millimeter wave and terahertz wave bands. Due to the limited processing precision, many fine structures are difficult to ensure to be consistent with the design, and the modulation phase is far away from the preset value due to processing errors, so that the radiation performance of the antenna is deteriorated, and problems such as gain reduction, side lobe increase, cross polarization level increase and the like occur. Aiming at the planar reflective array antenna of millimeter wave and terahertz frequency band, the design of the reflective array unit fully considers the influence of processing precision, adopts a unit structure which is as simple as possible, and avoids the dependence of phase modulation on a fine structure.
The unit structure adopted by the existing plane reflection array design is difficult to give consideration to both a wide phase modulation range and an arbitrary incident wave polarization form. When the polarization of incident waves is fixed, the unit design has good freedom, the unit structure can be changed in only one dimension, and the structural form can be designed easily to meet the requirement of all-phase coverage. When the incident wave is polarized in any direction, the unit needs to adopt a 90-degree rotational symmetry structure, the degree of freedom of the unit structure design is reduced, and the modulation phase range is often insufficient, so that the wide phase modulation range needs to depend on the change of a fine structure. In the design of the reflective array antenna, the position and the angle of each unit irradiated by the feed source are different, so that in order to improve the performance of the antenna, the reflective array unit is required to have polarization insensitivity, and meanwhile, full phase coverage is also required to be met, so that the deterioration of the modulation phase error on the overall performance of the array is reduced.
Due to the limited technological capability, a plurality of antenna forms are difficult to process in millimeter wave and terahertz frequency bands, and the development of millimeter wave and terahertz technology has higher and higher requirements on beam modulation, such as interference suppression of highly directional beams, multi-beam beams and specific angles, and the like, and great challenges are provided for antenna design. The planar reflective array antenna has the characteristics of flexible beam modulation, simple structure, easiness in processing, small size, low cost and the like, and has replaced a plurality of traditional antenna forms in a microwave frequency band. However, for millimeter wave and terahertz frequency bands, the beam modulation is realized by compensating for the spatial phase by using the reflective array unit structure, which requires a high-precision micro-surface processing technology, and for many design schemes, the antenna performance is seriously deteriorated due to processing errors, and the millimeter wave and terahertz frequency bands cannot be directly introduced from the microwave band. Therefore, although the design principle of millimeter wave and terahertz plane reflective array antennas is similar to that of microwave bands, the practical design scheme is still very limited, and the performance of the antennas is difficult to improve.
Fig. 1 is a basic plan reflective array design scheme, a reflective array unit adopts a basic square patch periodic structure, the lower surface of a medium substrate is a full metal ground, a designed metal pattern is etched on the upper surface of the medium substrate, when electromagnetic waves irradiate the reflective array unit, because the electromagnetic waves cannot be transmitted in the full metal ground, a small part of energy is absorbed by the metal and the medium substrate, most of the energy is reflected, and the reflection phase can be regulated and controlled by adjusting the size of the periodic surface unit, namely changing the side length of the square periodic surface. Furthermore, the designed reflective array units are periodically arranged to form a reflecting surface, when the feed source irradiates the reflecting surface, the phase difference between the received incident wave and the preset reflected wave at each unit position is calculated, and the size of the metal pattern of each array element is adjusted by modulating the relationship between the phase and the size of the periodic structure, so that the control of the spatial phase on the whole reflecting surface is realized. The feed source adopts the mode of partial feed, can effectively avoid the feed source to shelter from the influence to antenna bore efficiency, and the metal pattern form of design cycle unit can obtain better antenna radiation performance.
In the design of the actual planar reflective array antenna, in order to meet the requirements of broadband, low sidelobe, high gain, low cross polarization and the like, different periodic surface unit forms need to be adopted. Fig. 2 is a terahertz reflective array design similar to the present scheme, and based on a double-open square ring reflective unit, the antenna works at 220 GHz. The base adopts the foam, uses gold paster design double-opening square ring structure and floor on the lower surface of the basement, changes the modulation that the split ring size can realize the full phase range. When electromagnetic waves vertically irradiate the super-surface, if the polarization direction of an electric field is the x direction, a resonance effect can be generated on the double rings of the opening, the reflection phase at the resonance frequency is zero, and the reflection phase at the offset resonance frequency is between 0 and 180 degrees. When the incident wave frequency is fixed, the natural resonant frequency can be changed by changing the size of the annular gap, so that the regulation and control of the reflection phase are realized. According to the design structure characteristics, the reflective array is insensitive to the deflection angle during oblique incidence, and is sensitive to the electric field polarization direction of incident waves due to the fact that the reflective array does not have rotational symmetry. In addition, the modulation phase is sensitive to the change of the gap width and has higher requirement on the processing precision. The reflection array antenna adopts the normal direction to vertically irradiate and feed, and each array element structure selects the corresponding size according to the reflection phase compensation error.
Through analyzing published documents, patents and products at home and abroad, most of the existing planar reflective array design schemes are directed at microwave frequency bands, and although related scholars propose various complex reflective array unit structures, due to the limitation of processing precision, the realization of phase control by utilizing various fine structures at millimeter wave and terahertz frequency bands is unrealistic, and many structures cannot be directly moved to high frequency bands. The existing feasible design scheme for millimeter wave and terahertz reflective arrays is relatively limited, the selection of the reflective array unit structure is mostly based on the traditional annular or patch form, the improved design scheme is difficult to give consideration to various characteristics such as bandwidth, polarization sensitivity, processing precision sensitivity, wide phase modulation range and the like, and related research needs to be deeply researched.
The traditional patch or annular structure is adopted to realize that phase regulation and control only have a good effect on narrow frequency bands, and because the structure has strong resonance and has obvious phase modulation capability only at a resonance frequency point, the phase modulation function is quickly invalid after the working frequency shifts the resonance frequency. The terahertz reflective array antenna designed based on the traditional patch or annular structure reflective array unit is relatively suitable for the design of narrow-band millimeter wave or terahertz antenna due to the fact that the structure is simple, the requirement on the processing precision is low, the design is relatively easy, and the requirement on the working performance of the antenna in a wide frequency band cannot be met.
The improved multiple reflection array unit structures can meet phase modulation requirements of different working frequencies by utilizing multi-resonance characteristics, and broadband coverage is realized based on the multi-resonance frequencies. However, the design freedom of the multi-resonant unit in a limited space is low, for example, the typical value of λ/2(λ is the free space wavelength) is selected for the period, and at this time, the length of the resonant unit and the length of the period are in the same order, and the multi-resonant structure is complex in design. The searchable design generally employs two design concepts. The first is to use a slender multi-branch structure as a phase delay line of a resonance unit, such as a fork type or log periodic structure, at this time, the metal wire is generally thin, the resonance frequency is very sensitive to the change of the branch size, and a higher requirement is provided for the processing precision. And 90-degree rotationally symmetric patterns are needed to meet the polarization insensitivity characteristic, so that the complexity of the structure is further increased. The other idea is to use a plurality of arrays as the resonant unit, most of the arrays can only be arranged along one dimension, and only effective phase modulation capability can be provided for incident waves polarized in a single direction, and the arrays fail in the other polarization direction. The polarization sensitivity characteristic increases difficulty for the design of the planar reflective array antenna, and has great influence on the radiation performance of the antenna.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides the terahertz plane reflective array antenna based on the square ring nested structure, which is reasonable in design, overcomes the defects of the prior art and has a good effect.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a terahertz plane reflective array antenna based on a square ring nested structure comprises a waveguide feed source and a square ring nested reflective array unit; the waveguide feed source irradiates the reflecting surface with a certain angle deviated from the normal line, and the radiation direction of the antenna is mirror symmetry with the incident direction of the feed source.
Preferably, the square ring nested reflection array unit adopts a three-layer structure and comprises a square ring nested metal surface, a medium substrate and a metal floor; the surface of the square ring nested metal is positioned on the upper layer, the medium substrate is positioned on the middle layer, and the metal floor is positioned on the lower layer.
Preferably, the square-ring nested reflection array unit has 90-degree rotational symmetry and non-polarized sensitivity, and can realize effective phase modulation on incident waves with different polarizations.
Preferably, the square ring nested metal surface and the metal floor are made of low-loss metal materials including gold plating and silver plating, and the dielectric substrate is made of low-loss dielectric materials including quartz and high molecular polymer.
Preferably, the square ring nested reflective array unit is a cube, and the thickness of the square ring nested metal surface is far smaller than that of the medium substrate.
Preferably, the surface of the square ring nested metal comprises six square rings to form a nested ring structure, five small metal rings are arranged in the nested ring structure, a central ring in the five small metal rings is overlapped with other four rings, and the line widths of all the ring structures are consistent.
Preferably, the square ring nested reflective array unit adopts a form of combining six square rings to form a broadband resonance unit, low-frequency narrow-band resonance is generated by using an outer ring, and broadband resonance is formed by using an inner combined ring, so that broadband coverage requirements are met.
The invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the novel reflection array unit structure provided by the invention has the design requirements of characteristics such as full phase modulation, wide frequency band and polarization sensitivity resistance, breaks through the difficult problem that the traditional scheme cannot give consideration to phase, frequency band and polarization, adopts a rotational symmetric structure and has no polarization sensitivity compared with other structures with wide frequency band and wide phase modulation range, and has wider effective bandwidth compared with other design schemes based on the rotational symmetric structure.
The novel reflection array unit structure provided by the invention avoids the dependence of phase modulation capability and a fine structure, introduces the broadband array to realize broadband phase modulation, and reduces the requirement on processing precision, so that the reflection array unit structure is suitable for application of millimeter wave and terahertz frequency bands, and compared with other broadband reflection array units, the reflection array unit structure is simple in structure, easy to process, stable in performance and high in yield.
The terahertz reflective array antenna based on the novel reflective array unit is easy to process, low in cost, small in size and excellent in radiation performance, and can make up for the defects of the existing terahertz antenna, such as limited gain, high processing difficulty, high side lobe and cross polarization level and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a basic design scheme of a planar reflective array antenna; wherein, (a) is a schematic structural diagram of a reflection array unit; (b) is a schematic diagram of a reflective array antenna structure;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a design scheme of a terahertz planar reflective array; wherein, (a) is a schematic structural diagram of a reflective array unit; (b) a schematic diagram of a reflection array surface structure;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a square ring nested reflective array unit; wherein (a) is a perspective view; (b) is a top view;
wherein, 1-square ring nests metal surface; 2-a media substrate; 3-a metal floor;
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the reflection phase of a square ring nested reflection array unit and the change of the unit structure size;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing induced current distribution on the nested square ring metal pattern at operating frequencies of 200GHz, 300GHz and 400GHz, respectively; (a) the induced current distribution diagram is the induced current distribution diagram when the working frequency is 200 GHz; (b) the induced current distribution diagram is the induced current distribution diagram when the working frequency is 300 GHz; (c) the induced current distribution diagram is the induced current distribution diagram when the working frequency is 400 GHz;
FIG. 6 is a terahertz reflection array antenna diagram based on a square ring nested structure; wherein (a) is an overall structure diagram; (b) is a partial schematic diagram of a reflection array surface;
FIG. 7 is a radiation pattern of the proposed THz reflector antenna at different frequencies;
FIG. 8 is a graph comparing the main polarization and cross polarization levels of the reflective array antenna;
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and detailed description:
the structure of the square-ring nested reflective array unit provided by the invention is shown in fig. 3, and the square-ring nested reflective array unit comprises a square-ring nested metal surface 1, a medium substrate 2 and a metal floor 3. The square ring nested metal surface 1 and the metal floor 3 are made of low-loss metal materials such as gold plating and silver plating, and the dielectric substrate 2 is made of low-loss dielectric materials such as quartz and high polymer. The reflective array unit is a cube, the side length is p, the thickness is t, and the thickness of the metal surface is far smaller than that of the medium substrate. The square ring nested metal surface 1 comprises six square rings to form a nested ring structure, the side length of a large metal square ring at the outermost periphery is a, five small metal rings are contained in the nested ring structure, a central ring and other four rings are overlapped, and the line widths of all the ring structures are consistent.
The size of the square ring nested metal surface 1 is adjusted by changing the size of a, a series of reflective array units with metal patterns of different sizes are formed, and all the units are closely arranged according to a period p to form a periodic structure to form a reflective array. When a is changed, the line width of the metal pattern is kept unchanged, the pattern is enlarged or reduced in an equal proportion, and the size of the reflection phase can be changed by controlling the size of a. The simulation result of the relationship between the reflection phase and the side length a of the proposed reflective array unit is shown in fig. 4. When the central frequency is set to be 300GHz, a at the central frequency is changed between 50 mu m and 300 mu m, the regulation and control range of the reflection phase exceeds 500 degrees, and the requirement of 360-degree all-phase coverage can be met. The working frequency is changed, the phase change curves are basically consistent, the phase curves with different frequencies are relatively parallel, and the middle section with better linearity can meet the requirements of wide frequency band and wide phase modulation range. In addition, because the reflection phase changes depending on the structure, the influence of the line width selection on the reflection phase curve is not large, and thus the strict requirement on the processing precision is reduced.
In order to explain the design idea of the scheme, the working mechanism of the proposed novel structure is deeply explained, and the induced current at different working frequencies is analyzed. The incident wave is vertically irradiated along the normal direction of the reflective array unit, and the polarization mode is horizontal line polarization. From the symmetry of the structure, no matter the incident field polarization mode is vertical polarization or horizontal polarization, the same current distribution exists, so only one of them needs to be analyzed. FIG. 5 is a graph showing the induced current distribution on the nested square ring metal pattern at the operating frequencies of 200GHz, 300GHz and 400GHz, respectively.
It can be seen that when the operating frequency is located at the low end of 200GHz, the induced current is mainly distributed in the outermost large metal ring, and the inner five small metal rings hardly participate in the operation. The current exhibits a resonant mode of 1-lambda on the peripheral ring, which is the same as the conventional single-ring structure. When the working frequency is increased to 300GHz or even 400GHz, the induced current is mainly distributed with the inner five square rings, and the current on the outermost large ring is relatively weaker. At the moment, five small square rings inside the antenna are nested to form a petal-like structure, so that a broadband resonance unit with the non-polarization selection characteristic is formed, and the working principle of the broadband resonance unit is similar to that of a broadband antenna. The upper and lower two arms of the small central square ring form two parallel resonance arrays, and four tail ends of the arrays are respectively connected with a metal ring structure to extend, so that the bandwidth of the original arrays is greatly expanded. Therefore, when the frequency is increased, the inner five small rings participate in the work, the working mode is not changed, and the similar mode current distribution is realized. The combined structure of a plurality of metal rings can generate resonance in a broadband, thereby realizing broadband phase modulation. It is worth mentioning that when the inner and outer metal rings are combined, an equivalent parasitic capacitance can be formed between the inner and outer rings, which is helpful to expand the coverage range of the modulation phase beyond 360 °.
On the basis of a novel reflective array unit, a terahertz reflective array antenna with the center frequency of 300GHz is designed, the application value of the provided reflective array in antenna design is demonstrated, and meanwhile, a terahertz reflective array antenna design scheme with excellent performance is provided. The structure of the terahertz reflective array antenna is shown in fig. 6 and mainly comprises a waveguide feed source and a reflective array surface. The waveguide feed source irradiates the reflecting surface with a certain angle of deviation from the normal, and the reflecting surface units at different positions select proper structure sizes according to phase compensation conditions. The feed source is designed to be irradiated by 20 degrees offset from the normal line, and the radiation direction of the antenna is in mirror symmetry with the incident direction of the feed source.
Figures 7 and 8 are simulated two-dimensional radiation patterns at different frequencies and main polarization versus cross polarization levels for the center frequency, respectively. According to simulation results, antenna patterns are highly consistent in a broadband range of 250-350 GHz, the pattern shapes are almost unchanged, the maximum radiation direction is consistent with the design radiation direction (theta is-20 degrees), and the antenna performance is stable in the broadband range. Meanwhile, the antenna has a cross polarization level lower than-35 dB at the central frequency, the polarization purity is high, and the requirement of a high-performance terahertz antenna can be met.
The key points of the invention are as follows:
the invention provides a square-ring nested reflection array unit structure, which realizes broadband coverage based on the multi-resonance characteristic generated by a broadband resonance unit and realizes 360-degree all-phase modulation by introducing effective parasitic capacitance.
The novel reflection array unit structure provided by the invention has 90-degree rotational symmetry, so that the polarization sensitivity characteristic is not polarized, and effective phase modulation can be realized on incident waves with different polarizations.
Based on a novel reflective array structure, the invention provides a terahertz planar reflective array antenna which has the characteristics of wide frequency band, low sidelobe and low cross polarization.
The protection points are as follows:
a square ring nested reflection array unit structure model is provided, and the model has 90-degree rotational symmetry and can resist polarization sensitivity.
A square ring nested reflection array unit structure model is provided, the model adopts a form of combination of six square rings to form a broadband resonance unit, low-frequency narrow-band resonance is generated by using an outer ring, and broadband resonance is formed by using an inner combination ring, so that the requirement of broadband coverage is met.
A square ring nested reflection array unit structure model is provided, and the structure is characterized in that the modulation reflection phase depends on the whole size of the structure rather than local fine structure change, and is insensitive to the metal line width change, so that the strict requirement on the processing precision is reduced.
The design of the terahertz plane reflective array antenna based on the square ring nested reflective array unit is provided, the high-performance terahertz antenna is realized by combining the polarization sensitivity resistance, the broadband stability and the wide phase modulation of the reflective array unit, and the requirements of a wide frequency band, a low side lobe, a low cross polarization level and the like are met.
It is to be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art may make modifications, alterations, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a terahertz plane reflection array antenna based on nested structure of square ring which characterized in that: the device comprises a waveguide feed source and a square ring nested reflection array unit; the waveguide feed source irradiates the reflecting surface with a certain angle deviated from the normal line, and the radiation direction of the antenna is mirror symmetry with the incident direction of the feed source.
2. The terahertz planar reflective array antenna based on the square ring nested structure, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the square ring nested reflection array unit adopts a three-layer structure and comprises a square ring nested metal surface, a medium substrate and a metal floor; the surface of the square ring nested metal is positioned on the upper layer, the medium substrate is positioned on the middle layer, and the metal floor is positioned on the lower layer.
3. The terahertz planar reflective array antenna based on the square ring nested structure, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the square-ring nested reflective array unit has 90-degree rotational symmetry and non-polarized sensitivity, and can realize effective phase modulation on incident waves with different polarizations.
4. The terahertz planar reflective array antenna based on the square ring nested structure, according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the square ring nested metal surface and the metal floor are made of low-loss metal materials including gold plating and silver plating, and the dielectric substrate is made of low-loss dielectric materials including quartz and high polymer.
5. The terahertz planar reflective array antenna based on the square ring nested structure, according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the square ring nested reflection array unit is a cube, and the thickness of the square ring nested metal surface is far smaller than that of the medium substrate.
6. The terahertz planar reflective array antenna based on the square ring nested structure, according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the surface of the square ring nested metal comprises six square rings to form a nested ring structure, five small metal rings are arranged in the nested ring structure, a central ring in the five small metal rings is overlapped with other four rings, and the line widths of all the ring structures are consistent.
7. The terahertz planar reflective array antenna based on the square ring nested structure, according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the square ring nested reflection array unit adopts a form of combining six square rings to form a broadband resonance unit, low-frequency narrow-band resonance is generated by utilizing an outer ring, and broadband resonance is formed by utilizing an inner combined ring, so that the requirement of broadband coverage is met.
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| CN116864997A (en) * | 2023-06-05 | 2023-10-10 | 中国矿业大学 | Ultra-wideband low-profile metamaterial wave absorber based on resistive film |
| CN116864997B (en) * | 2023-06-05 | 2024-01-23 | 中国矿业大学 | Ultra-wideband low-profile metamaterial wave absorber based on resistive film |
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