CN114167501A - FTX processing method, storage medium and processing terminal for suppressing strong-energy sea ghost waves - Google Patents
FTX processing method, storage medium and processing terminal for suppressing strong-energy sea ghost waves Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of ocean data digital signal processing, and discloses an FTX processing method for suppressing strong-energy sea surface ghost waves, a storage medium and a processing terminal, wherein the FTX processing method for suppressing the strong-energy sea surface ghost waves comprises the following steps: establishing a seawater layering and signal acquisition model for signal acquisition, carrying out frequency division processing on the acquired signals, and selecting and processing corresponding ghost wave components to obtain recovery signals; and processing the recovered signal by using an FTX processing method. The invention is only applied to the part of the data which is interfered by the noise, but not the part which is interfered by the noise is not changed, and the noise of any time difference mode in the data is effective, thereby realizing the real separation of ghost waves and effective waves in the seismic data, eliminating the ghost waves in the seismic data and simultaneously avoiding the theory that the conventional signal-noise separation method defines the noise or the noise by the signal. The invention can be applied to local noise with high spurious frequency and reserve data bandwidth.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ocean data digital signal processing, and particularly relates to an FTX processing method, a storage medium and a processing terminal for suppressing strong-energy sea ghost waves.
Background
At present: the ghost wave suppression method is applied in the field of offshore oil and gas exploration and development, the trap phenomenon of a seismic wavelet frequency spectrum can be overcome, broadband seismic data can be obtained, the side lobe of the seismic wavelet can be effectively suppressed through the broadband seismic data, and the resolution of the seismic data is improved.
The existing pressing method for ghost waves mainly has two aspects: 1. the ghost waves are suppressed by special acquisition modes including upper and lower double-source acquisition, upper and lower cable acquisition, double-inspection acquisition, towline three-component acquisition, submarine cable acquisition, variable-depth cable acquisition and the like in cooperation with corresponding processing means, but the implementation of the methods can increase the control difficulty of a seismic source and a cable in the acquisition implementation process; 2. based on the data collected by a common horizontal streamer, the ghost wave is suppressed by using a processing means, and the processing method mainly comprises a flat cable ghost wave suppression method based on reverse time migration, a flat cable ghost wave suppression method based on a backscattering series method, a tau-p domain flat cable ghost wave suppression method based on rough sea surface reflection coefficient calculation, a ghost wave suppression method based on deterministic wavelet processing, a ghost wave suppression method based on wave equation iterative inversion and the like, the processing of the horizontal streamer data can effectively utilize most of the current marine seismic data without collecting construction again, but has higher requirements on the processing technology, most of the prior art is provided based on the assumption that a seismic source and a streamer have known depth and the sea surface reflection coefficient is-1, and the depth moments of the seismic source and the streamer are changed due to the fluctuation of sea surface waves in the actual collection process, and the reflection coefficient of the undulating sea surface under the actual condition is not-1, so the existing processing means can not completely suppress ghost waves, and the influence of the ghost waves still exists on the seismic wavelet frequency band.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows: the existing processing means can not completely suppress ghost waves, so that the resolution of the acquired seismic signals is low.
The difficulty in solving the above problems and defects is: the existing ghost wave suppression method cannot avoid damage to effective signals when ghost wave signals are suppressed, if the effective signal strength is required to be ensured, ghost wave signals are excessive in residue, and accordingly the resolution of seismic signals is reduced.
The significance of solving the problems and the defects is as follows: the FTX processing method adopted by the invention is a processing method which can keep the effective signal intensity under the condition of obtaining good ghost wave compression effect, and can realize the ghost wave compression effect with high efficiency and high quality.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an FTX processing method, a storage medium and a processing terminal for suppressing strong-energy sea ghost waves.
The invention is realized in such a way that the FTX processing method for suppressing the strong-energy sea surface ghost waves comprises the following steps:
establishing a seawater layering and signal acquisition model for signal acquisition, carrying out frequency division processing on the acquired signals, and selecting and processing corresponding ghost wave components to obtain recovery signals; the restored signal is processed by using an FTX processing method, and the ghost component of the restored signal is checked.
Further, the FTX processing method for suppressing the strong-energy sea ghost waves comprises the following steps:
acquiring a signal containing a strong-energy sea surface ghost wave, constructing a seawater layering and signal acquisition model, acquiring a corresponding one-dimensional signal through simulation based on the constructed model, and analyzing to obtain a suppression effect of the FTX processing method through simulating the one-dimensional signal;
step two, obtaining effective signal components of the original signals by utilizing frequency division processing of an FTX method; selecting ghost components satisfying a complementary relationship in a spectral relationship with the effective signal component;
thirdly, obtaining ghost components of the signals through frequency division processing of an FTX method to obtain the ghost components of the signals, and further determining the time and wave field intensity generated by ghost waves according to the ghost components obtained through separation;
step four, corresponding the position of the strong energy ghost wave identified in the ghost wave component to the effective component of the signal, determining the part of the effective component of the signal affected by the strong energy signal, and compensating or subtracting the determined part affected by the strong energy signal to obtain a recovery signal;
and step five, acquiring ghost components from the recovered signals by using an FTX processing method, checking the effectiveness of strong-energy ghost processing, if the ghost components still have strong-energy interference protrusions, performing multiple iterations until expectations are met, outputting, and fully realizing ghost suppression through multiple detection and iteration of the step five.
Further, the signal containing the strong-energy sea ghost is represented as: s (t) ═ m (t) + n (t);
wherein m (t) represents the original signal, and n (t) represents the added strong-energy sea ghost signal.
Further, the selecting ghost components satisfying complementarity to the significant signal component in a spectral relationship includes:
the ghost components satisfying the complementary with the effective signal components in the frequency spectrum relationship satisfy h (j) -1-l (j), wherein h (j), l (j) respectively represent the effective signal components, the ghost components h (t), and the effective signal components l (t) of the original signal corresponding to the frequency spectrum in the frequency domain.
Further, the compensating or subtracting the determined portion affected by the strong energy signal includes:
and compensating or subtracting the part influenced by the strong energy signal by adopting a direct addition or subtraction method or a replacement interpolation method.
Further, the direct addition or subtraction method includes: and directly subtracting the corresponding ghost wave interference amplitude from the input signal S (t) by utilizing the identified strong energy ghost wave interference position and ghost wave energy intensity.
Further, the substitution interpolation method includes: and removing the amplitude value of the original interference position, establishing a connection with the amplitude value of the surrounding time domain, and re-interpolating to obtain a sampling point value to perform replacement interpolation of the abnormal amplitude part.
Further, the verifying the effectiveness of the strong-energy ghost processing includes: the effectiveness of the strong energy ghost processing is verified by examining the ghost component of the recovered signal.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: the invention is only applied to the part of the data which is interfered by the noise, but not the part which is interfered by the noise is not changed, and the noise of any time difference mode in the data is effective, thereby realizing the real separation of ghost waves and effective waves in the seismic data, eliminating the ghost waves in the seismic data and simultaneously avoiding the theory that the conventional signal-noise separation method defines the noise or the noise by the signal.
The processing method is a steady method insensitive to the amplitude and phase change of noise, does not mix data, does not generate the earthworm phenomenon frequently encountered by f-k filtering, does not need uniform space sampling, can be applied to local noise with high spurious frequency, reserves the data bandwidth, is a method capable of eliminating ghost waves in a nonlinear high-fidelity manner, and avoids the problems of mixing effect and energy redistribution of a linear filtering method.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an FTX processing method for suppressing high-energy sea ghost waves according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of an FTX processing method for suppressing high-energy sea ghost waves according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of ghost reflection paths of a seismic source provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of ghost reflection paths of a detector according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a source-detector ghost reflection path provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a seawater stratification model and signal acquisition according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a diagram of an input ghost-containing original signal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a graph of the effective components of an input original signal provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a frequency domain corresponding diagram of an effective signal component and a ghost component according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a graph of the strong impulse components of the input original signal provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a diagram illustrating a comparison between a recovered signal and an effective signal component according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a diagram illustrating a comparison between a recovered signal and an original input signal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 13 is a diagram for examining the compression effect of the high-energy sea ghost waves provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an FTX processing method, a storage medium and a processing terminal for suppressing strong-energy sea ghost waves, and the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides an FTX processing method for suppressing strong-energy sea ghost waves, including:
establishing a seawater layering and signal acquisition model for signal acquisition, carrying out frequency division processing on the acquired signals, and selecting and processing corresponding ghost wave components to obtain recovery signals; the restored signal is processed by using an FTX processing method, and the ghost component of the restored signal is checked.
As shown in fig. 2, the FTX processing method for suppressing strong-energy sea ghost waves provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
s101, acquiring a signal containing a strong-energy sea surface ghost wave, constructing a seawater layering and signal acquisition model, and acquiring a corresponding one-dimensional signal through simulation based on the constructed model;
s102, obtaining effective signal components of the original signals by utilizing frequency division processing of an FTX method; selecting ghost components satisfying a complementary relationship in a spectral relationship with the effective signal component;
s103, obtaining a ghost component of the signal through frequency division processing of an FTX method to obtain the ghost component of the signal;
s104, corresponding the position of the strong energy ghost wave identified in the ghost wave component to the effective component of the signal, determining the part of the effective component of the signal, which is influenced by the strong energy signal, and compensating or subtracting the determined part, which is influenced by the strong energy signal, to obtain a recovery signal;
and S105, acquiring ghost components from the recovered signals by using an FTX (fiber to the X) processing method, checking the effectiveness of strong-energy ghost processing, and if the ghost components still have strong-energy interference protrusions, performing multiple iterations until the expectation is met and outputting.
The signal containing the sea ghost wave with strong energy provided by the embodiment of the invention is expressed as follows: s (t) ═ m (t) + n (t);
wherein m (t) represents the original signal, and n (t) represents the added strong-energy sea ghost signal.
The selecting, provided by the embodiment of the present invention, ghost components satisfying complementarity with the effective signal component in a spectrum relationship includes:
the ghost components satisfying the complementary with the effective signal components in the frequency spectrum relationship satisfy h (j) -1-l (j), wherein h (j), l (j) respectively represent the effective signal components, the ghost components h (t), and the effective signal components l (t) of the original signal corresponding to the frequency spectrum in the frequency domain.
The embodiment of the invention provides the following steps of compensating or subtracting the determined part influenced by the strong energy signal:
and compensating or subtracting the part influenced by the strong energy signal by adopting a direct addition or subtraction method or a replacement interpolation method.
The direct adding and subtracting method provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
and directly subtracting the corresponding ghost wave interference amplitude from the input signal S (t) by utilizing the identified strong energy ghost wave interference position and ghost wave energy intensity.
The replacement interpolation method provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps: and removing the amplitude value of the original interference position, establishing a connection with the amplitude value of the surrounding time domain, and re-interpolating to obtain a sampling point value to perform replacement interpolation of the abnormal amplitude part.
The verification of the effectiveness of the strong energy ghost processing provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps: the effectiveness of the strong energy ghost processing is verified by examining the ghost component of the recovered signal.
The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
Example 1:
mechanism for generating ghost waves in marine seismic exploration
In the marine seismic exploration, because a seismic source and a towing cable both have a certain sinking depth, the up-going wave and the down-going wave excited by the seismic source are reflected by the sea surface and then received by a wave detector in the towing cable to form sea surface ghost wave reflection data with strong energy. All signals received after being reflected by the sea surface are collectively called ghost wave signals.
1. Dividing ghost waves into three forms according to different reflection paths of the ghost waves
1.1) the effective signal sent by the seismic source is upwards transmitted to the sea surface and then reflected back to the sea bottom through the sea surface, and the signal received by the detector after being reflected by the sea bottom is called seismic source ghost wave;
1.2) the effective signal sent by the seismic source is transmitted to the seabed downwards and then reflected back to the sea surface, and the signal received by the wave detector after being reflected by the sea surface is called as the ghost wave of the wave detector;
1.3) the effective signal sent by the seismic source is upwards transmitted to the sea surface and reflected back to the sea bottom, and then reflected back to the sea surface by the sea bottom, and finally the signal received by the detector after being reflected by the sea surface is called seismic source-detector ghost wave. FIG. 3 to FIG. 5 are reflection path diagrams of three different ghost waves and primary reflected waves
2. The ghost wave and the effective reflected wave interfere with each other, so that the waveform characteristics of the reflected wave are changed, the wavelet of the reflected wave has the frequency trap characteristic, high-frequency and low-frequency components in the effective wave are lost, the frequency band is narrowed, the resolution ratio of seismic signals is reduced, and the continuous ghost wave homophase axis causes trouble to seismic data interpretation.
Second, processing method for sea surface ghost waves with strong energy in signal data
There is an inherent relationship between the conventional signal data sampling points. I.e. the signal is predictable. Extraneous pulses destroy the interpolatability of the signal. This provides a theoretical basis for our discovery of interference pulses and their rejection.
For a one-dimensional signal, since it is continuous in time series, the occurrence of strong energy reflection of sea ghost inevitably leads to pulses of extremely large amplitude in the signal, thereby generating a significant difference from the effective signal.
The signal data is collected from physical reality, so that physical connection must exist between different signal channels of the conventional signal data, and different channel sets have similar signal responses in the layer sections with the same physical properties. The intervention of strong energy reflections at the sea surface directly destroys the continuity of the signal between the different gathers.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a method for processing strong-energy sea ghost waves in signal data based on FTX, comprising the following steps:
1) determining the actual input signal s (t) ═ m (t) + n (t), where m (t) represents the original signal and n (t) represents the added strong energy sea ghost signal. In actual conditions, the sea ghost signals received by the detector are far stronger than the received effective signals, and the difference of signal energy intensity reaches 4 orders of magnitude. A seawater stratification and signal acquisition model is constructed, as shown in fig. 6, based on the model, a corresponding one-dimensional signal is obtained through simulation, and a simulation input signal is shown in fig. 6.
2) The FTX method is used to obtain the effective signal component l (t) of the original signal by frequency division processing, where the effective component of the signal is shown in fig. 7, and it can be seen that for the effective component of the signal, although the sea ghost with strong energy is processed, the waveform of the original signal is distorted. In order to eliminate the effect of distortion, the subsequent steps are required to continue to compensate or subtract.
3) The ghost components satisfying the complementary relationship with the effective signal components in the second step, i.e. satisfying h (j) 1-l (j), where h (j), l (j) are the effective signal components, and the ghost components h (t) and l (t) correspond to the frequency spectrums in the frequency domain, and the satisfied frequency spectrums are shown in fig. 8.
4) The ghost component h (t) of the signal is obtained through frequency division processing by the FTX method, and the obtained ghost component of the signal is shown in fig. 9. The ghost component can be used for finding the position of a strong-energy ghost signal in the input signal, so that a foundation is laid for subsequent interference rejection.
5) The position of the strong energy ghost wave identified in the ghost wave component corresponds to the effective component of the signal, the part of the effective component of the signal, which is affected by the strong energy signal, is found out and is compensated or subtracted, and thus a recovery signal m is obtained1(t), the comparison of the recovered signal with the input signal is shown in fig. 10. Two methods for compensating or subtracting the interference of the ghost waves with strong energy are provided, specifically:
5.1) direct addition and subtraction method: and directly subtracting the corresponding ghost wave interference amplitude from the input signal S (t) by utilizing the identified strong energy ghost wave interference position and ghost wave energy intensity. And thirdly, the strong pulse component can accurately indicate the position and the amplitude intensity of the strong-energy sea-surface ghost wave, the corresponding position and the amplitude intensity are calibrated, and the strong-energy sea-surface ghost wave in the input signal is increased or reduced in the input signal S (t) according to the positive and negative of the calibrated amplitude, so that the increase and decrease of the strong-energy sea-surface ghost wave in the input signal are directly realized.
5.2) replacement interpolation method: the method is to remove the amplitude value of the original interference position, establish the relation with the amplitude value of the surrounding time domain, and interpolate the sample value again. In the second step, although the significant signal component has already suppressed the high-energy sea ghost waves well, there are still some high-energy signal residues that are not completely suppressed at the corresponding positions. And deleting the amplitude signal of the corresponding position, and interpolating the signal on the basis of the completely suppressed signal amplitude point around to realize replacement and interpolation of the abnormal amplitude part.
For the recovery of the one-dimensional signal, the abnormal point detected by the strong pulse component is correlated with the amplitude value in the adjacent time range, an amplitude value having a reasonable regression relationship with the adjacent time interval is obtained, and the strong amplitude signal on the original position is replaced, namely, the method is a replacement interpolation method aiming at the one-dimensional signal. Or directly increasing or decreasing the signal amplitude abnormal position of the low-frequency component of the signal according to the obtained reasonable amplitude value to recover the reasonable amplitude value, namely the method is direct addition or subtraction aiming at the one-dimensional signal.
6) The recovered signal m is processed by using an FTX processing method1(t) obtaining ghost wave components H (t)1By examining the ghost components of the recovered signal H (t)1The processing effect of the strong energy ghost is verified, and ghost components of the recovered signal are shown in fig. 13. If ghost wave component H (t)1The strong energy interference protrusion still exists, which shows that the actual pressing effect is not expected, and the pressing effect can be enhanced through multiple iterations.
It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention can be realized by hardware, software, or a combination of software and hardware. The hardware portion may be implemented using dedicated logic; the software portions may be stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system, such as a microprocessor or specially designed hardware. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the apparatus and methods described above may be implemented using computer executable instructions and/or embodied in processor control code, such code being provided on a carrier medium such as a disk, CD-or DVD-ROM, programmable memory such as read only memory (firmware), or a data carrier such as an optical or electronic signal carrier, for example. The apparatus and its modules of the present invention may be implemented by hardware circuits such as very large scale integrated circuits or gate arrays, semiconductors such as logic chips, transistors, or programmable hardware devices such as field programmable gate arrays, programmable logic devices, etc., or by software executed by various types of processors, or by a combination of hardware circuits and software, e.g., firmware.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. An FTX processing method for suppressing high-energy sea ghost waves is characterized by comprising the following steps: establishing a seawater layering and signal acquisition model for signal acquisition, carrying out frequency division processing on the acquired signals, and selecting and processing corresponding ghost wave components to obtain recovery signals; and processing the recovered signal by using an FTX processing method.
2. The FTX processing method of suppressing high energy ghost ocean waves of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
acquiring a signal containing a strong-energy sea surface ghost wave, constructing a seawater layering and signal acquisition model, and acquiring a corresponding one-dimensional signal through simulation based on the constructed model;
step two, obtaining effective signal components of the original signals by utilizing frequency division processing of an FTX method; selecting ghost components satisfying a complementary relationship in a spectral relationship with the effective signal component;
thirdly, obtaining ghost components of the signals through frequency division processing of an FTX method to obtain the ghost components of the signals;
step four, corresponding the position of the strong energy ghost wave identified in the ghost wave component to the effective component of the signal, determining the part of the effective component of the signal affected by the strong energy signal, and compensating or subtracting the determined part affected by the strong energy signal to obtain a recovery signal;
and step five, acquiring ghost components from the recovered signals by using an FTX processing method, checking the effectiveness of strong-energy ghost processing, and if the ghost components still have strong-energy interference protrusions, performing multiple iterations until the expectation is met and outputting.
3. An FTX processing method of suppressing high energy sea ghost waves according to claim 2, wherein said high energy sea ghost wave containing signal is represented as: s (t) ═ m (t) + n (t);
wherein m (t) represents the original signal, and n (t) represents the added strong-energy sea ghost signal.
4. An FTX processing method of rejecting high energy sea-surface ghost waves according to claim 2, wherein said selecting ghost components satisfying a complementary spectral relationship with said effective signal component comprises:
the ghost components satisfying the complementary with the effective signal components in the frequency spectrum relationship satisfy h (j) -1-l (j), wherein h (j), l (j) respectively represent the effective signal components, the ghost components h (t), and the effective signal components l (t) of the original signal corresponding to the frequency spectrum in the frequency domain.
5. An FTX process for suppressing high energy sea ghost waves, according to claim 2, wherein said compensating or subtracting the determined location affected by the high energy signal comprises: and compensating or subtracting the part influenced by the strong energy signal by adopting a direct addition or subtraction method or a replacement interpolation method.
6. The FTX process of attenuating high energy sea ghost waves of claim 5, wherein said direct subtraction comprises: and directly subtracting the corresponding ghost wave interference amplitude from the input signal S (t) by utilizing the identified strong energy ghost wave interference position and ghost wave energy intensity.
7. An FTX process for suppressing high energy sea ghost waves, according to claim 5, wherein said substitution interpolation comprises: and removing the amplitude value of the original interference position, establishing a connection with the amplitude value of the surrounding time domain, and re-interpolating to obtain a sampling point value to perform replacement interpolation of the abnormal amplitude part.
8. An FTX process for suppressing high-energy ghost sea waves according to claim 2, wherein said verifying the effectiveness of the high-energy ghost processing comprises: the effectiveness of the strong energy ghost processing is verified by examining the ghost component of the recovered signal.
9. A program storage medium for receiving user input, the stored computer program causing an electronic device to execute the method for FTX processing of suppressed high energy sea ghost waves of any one of claims 1-8 comprising the steps of:
acquiring a signal containing a strong-energy sea surface ghost wave, constructing a seawater layering and signal acquisition model, and acquiring a corresponding one-dimensional signal through simulation based on the constructed model;
step two, obtaining effective signal components of the original signals by utilizing frequency division processing of an FTX method; selecting ghost components satisfying a complementary relationship in a spectral relationship with the effective signal component;
thirdly, obtaining ghost components of the signals through frequency division processing of an FTX method to obtain the ghost components of the signals;
step four, corresponding the position of the strong energy ghost wave identified in the ghost wave component to the effective component of the signal, determining the part of the effective component of the signal affected by the strong energy signal, and compensating or subtracting the determined part affected by the strong energy signal to obtain a recovery signal;
and step five, acquiring ghost components from the recovered signals by using an FTX processing method, checking the effectiveness of strong-energy ghost processing, and if the ghost components still have strong-energy interference protrusions, performing multiple iterations until the expectation is met and outputting.
10. An offshore oil and gas exploration and development information data processing terminal, which is characterized in that the offshore oil and gas exploration and development information data processing terminal is used for realizing the FTX processing method for suppressing the strong-energy sea ghost waves according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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