CN112558160A - Azimuth difference three-dimensional seismic prestack fusion processing method and system - Google Patents
Azimuth difference three-dimensional seismic prestack fusion processing method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an azimuth difference three-dimensional seismic prestack fusion processing method and system, which comprises the following steps: s1, performing fusion pretreatment on the seismic data of the same block with different periods and different acquisition parameters through well-ground combination; s2, performing DMO processing on the seismic data subjected to the fusion pretreatment; s3, performing prestack fusion processing on the seismic data subjected to DMO processing; s4, the seismic data after the pre-stack fusion processing is pumped back to the CMP gather through the inverse DMO processing, so as to obtain the migration imaging. The method can fully retain the advantages of the seismic data of each period, make up for the defects of the seismic data of each period, and obtain the migration imaging with high signal-to-noise ratio, high resolution and high fidelity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an azimuth difference three-dimensional seismic prestack fusion processing method and system, and belongs to the technical field of seismic signal processing.
Background
In the process of seismic exploration by using reflected waves, different seismic acquisition observation systems are designed according to exploration requirements in different periods so as to obtain seismic data in different periods, geological tasks in different exploration periods are solved, the seismic acquisition design in each period has certain defects, and the seismic data achievements in each period are difficult to meet the exploration and development requirements along with the continuous deepening of the oil-gas exploration and development degree. Therefore, it is necessary to obtain high-quality seismic processing results by fully utilizing the superiority of seismic data at each time, and to perform fusion processing on seismic data acquired at each time. The fusion processing of multi-phase three-dimensional pre-stack seismic data becomes a key technology for exploration and application in the field of seismic exploration.
As is known, the three-dimensional seismic data acquired by high-density, high-coverage and high-precision omnibearing seismic waves are beneficial to the integrity of information transmitted by the seismic waves in an underground geological medium, but the acquisition cost of the observation system is very high, and particularly the acquisition of marine seismic data is very expensive, so that the seismic data fusion processing of each period can better serve the exploration and development process of an oil field in the aspects of economy, timeliness and feasibility.
At present, the three-dimensional pre-stack seismic data blocking result has congenital defects brought by each phase acquisition, the advantages of different phases of data are difficult to be fully fused, the seismic data interpretation and the geological understanding are difficult, and a three-dimensional seismic pre-stack fusion processing method aiming at azimuth difference needs to be invented.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide an azimuth difference three-dimensional seismic prestack fusion processing method and system, which can fully retain the advantages of seismic data of each period, make up for the defects of seismic data of each period, and obtain high signal-to-noise ratio, high resolution and high fidelity offset imaging.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: an azimuth difference three-dimensional seismic prestack fusion processing method comprises the following steps: s1, performing fusion pretreatment on the seismic data of the same block with different periods and different acquisition parameters through well-ground combination; s2, performing DMO (pre-stack partial migration) processing on the seismic data subjected to the pre-fusion processing; s3, performing prestack fusion processing on the seismic data subjected to DMO processing; s4, the seismic data processed by prestack fusion is re-extracted to the CMP gather (Common Middle Point gather) through inverse DMO processing, thereby obtaining the migration imaging.
Further, the well-ground integration in S1 includes the steps of: s1.1, inputting original seismic data and analyzing the acquisition mode, the acquisition azimuth and the quality of the original data; s1.2, fusion pretreatment is carried out in a targeted manner according to the analysis result of S1.1, so that the seismic data of different periods tend to be consistent.
Further, the pre-fusion processing in step S1 includes: signal-to-noise ratio characteristic preprocessing, amplitude-preserving frequency preprocessing and consistency preprocessing.
Further, the signal-to-noise ratio characteristic preprocessing is to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data by combining a shallow water multiple attenuation technology, a three-dimensional SRME free surface multiple attenuation technology and a high-precision Radon transform multiple attenuation technology; the amplitude-preserving frequency preprocessing is to respectively perform ghost wave compression on the demodulator probe ghost waves and the shot point ghost waves by an adaptive ghost wave compression technology of upper and lower wave field separation so as to realize the amplitude-preserving frequency; the consistency preprocessing adopts a well control true amplitude recovery technology and a space earth surface consistency amplitude technology, so that the seismic data of different periods have equivalent space energy.
Further, in step S2, DMO processing is used to eliminate the influence of the stratigraphic dip and the acquisition azimuth on the seismic data, and the seismic data processed by DMO processing is used to eliminate the stratigraphic dip and extract the fusion operator in the prestack fusion processing.
Further, in step 3, the pre-stack fusion processing steps are as follows: s3.1, selecting a standard block, and fusing by taking the standard block as a target; and S3.2, performing qualitative and quantitative fusion on the seismic data on the basis of the data of the standard block.
Further, the pre-stack fusion processing in step S3 includes: time difference feature fusion processing, phase frequency feature fusion processing, energy feature fusion processing and unified surface element fusion processing.
Further, the time difference fusion processing is that the time difference is subjected to fusion adjustment by taking a standard block as a reference according to time difference analysis statistics of the seismic data of the whole area; the phase frequency characteristic fusion processing is that wavelets of seismic data of different periods are obtained by using a cross-correlation method with a standard block as a reference, and fusion operators are selected through a contrast test according to different fusion parameters, so that the wavelet fusion processing is carried out qualitatively and quantitatively; the energy characteristic fusion processing is to calculate the spatial residual amplitude scale factor of seismic data of different periods by taking the standard block as a reference through spatial amplitude statistics, and perform residual amplitude compensation on the seismic data of different periods to realize fusion of the seismic data of different periods; the unified surface element fusion is to use a standard block as a reference, unify grids, select fused data channels by calculating the correlation coefficients of different periods of data in different distance channels of a target central point, and fuse the dominant data among the periods to the maximum extent.
The invention also discloses an azimuth difference three-dimensional earthquake pre-stack fusion processing system, which comprises: the pre-processing module is used for carrying out fusion pre-processing on the seismic data of the same block with different periods and different acquisition parameters through well-ground combination; the DMO processing module is used for performing DMO processing on the seismic data subjected to the fusion pretreatment; the pre-stack fusion module is used for performing pre-stack fusion processing on the seismic data subjected to DMO processing; and the inverse DMO processing module is used for extracting the seismic data subjected to the pre-stack fusion processing back to the CMP gather through inverse DMO processing so as to obtain the migration imaging.
Further, the pre-fusion treatment comprises: signal-to-noise ratio characteristic preprocessing, amplitude-preserving frequency preprocessing and consistency preprocessing.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages: 1. the invention can be applied to the three-dimensional seismic data processing of different-phase acquisition, and can obtain images with high signal-to-noise ratio and high resolution in the fusion imaging process through the fusion processing of different phases, and retain the seismic migration results of the dominant components of the seismic data of different phases. 2. The offset image obtained by the invention can indicate the underground structure form, the structure fracture part and the stratum deposition pattern, and has important application value for determining favorable growth and oil storage structure and favorable oil and gas reservoir. 3. According to the invention, on the basis of carrying out fine well control processing on the seismic data acquired at different periods, fusion processing is carried out on the seismic data of different periods in the aspects of time difference, phase, frequency, energy, surface element, azimuth and speed to form a fusion processing flow, so that the advantages of the seismic data of each period are fully reserved, the defects of the seismic data of each period are overcome, and high signal-to-noise ratio, high resolution and high fidelity migration imaging is obtained on the final processing result. The method can obtain the seismic result data, thereby being capable of better serving the seismic data interpretation technology.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for orientation-difference three-dimensional seismic prestack fusion processing in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional initial stack cross-sectional view of a single source single streamer acquisition mode acquisition in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional initial overlay cross-sectional view of a single-source dual-cable dual-inspection OBC mode acquisition in an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 is a three-dimensional overlay cross-sectional view of a pre-processed streamer mode acquisition in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a three-dimensional overlay cross-sectional view of a preprocessed OBC mode acquisition in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 6 is a comparison of three-dimensional overlay cross-sectional views obtained from three-dimensional line fusion processing parameters of different phased streamer acquisition and OBC mode acquisition in one embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 6(a) is the difference distance of the processing parameters: 25m, data usage rate: 100%, correlation coefficient: a three-dimensional overlay profile obtained at 0.50 deg.f; fig. 6(b) shows the processing parameters as difference distance: 15m, data usage rate: 50%, correlation coefficient: a three-dimensional overlay profile obtained at 0.60 deg.f; fig. 6(c) shows the processing parameters as difference distance: 10m, data usage rate: 25%, correlation coefficient: a three-dimensional overlay cross-section taken at 0.68 deg.f; fig. 6(d) shows the processing parameters as difference distance: 5m, data usage rate: 10%, correlation coefficient: a three-dimensional overlay profile obtained at 0.75 deg.f;
FIG. 7 is a comparison of coverage after fusion processing based on optimal parameters in an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 7(a) is a graph of initial coverage of seismic data acquired in a streamer mode in 1987; FIG. 7(b) is a graph of the number of coverage of seismic data acquired by the OBC mode in the east-west direction acquired in 2003; FIG. 7(c) is a graph of the number of times of coverage after the fusion process;
FIG. 8 is a graph comparing the offset obtained without the blending process and the offset obtained after the blending process in one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 8(a) is an offset graph without the blending process; FIG. 8(b) is an offset map after the fusion process;
FIG. 9 is a comparison of seismic data acquired in a streamer mode without a fusion process and offset acquired in a fusion process, and FIG. 9(a) is an offset plot of seismic data acquired in a streamer mode without a fusion process, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 9(b) is an offset map after the fusion process;
fig. 10 is a graph showing a comparison between seismic data obtained by the OBC method without the fusion process and migration obtained by the fusion process in an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 10(a) is a graph showing migration of seismic data obtained by the OBC method without the fusion process; FIG. 10(b) is an offset map after the fusion process;
fig. 11 is a migration amplitude diagram of seismic data obtained by an OBC method without fusion processing and a migration amplitude diagram after fusion processing in an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 11(a) is a migration amplitude diagram of seismic data obtained by an OBC method without fusion processing; FIG. 11(b) is a graph of the offset amplitude after the fusion process;
FIG. 12 is a chart of the coherence properties of seismic data acquired by an OBC without fusion processing in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a plot of the offset amplitude of seismic data acquired by the fusion-processed OBC mode in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 14 is a well-seismic contrast graph of seismic data obtained by the OBC method without fusion processing and an offset amplitude graph after fusion processing in an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 14(a) is a well-seismic contrast graph of seismic data obtained by the OBC method without fusion processing; fig. 14(b) is a graph of the offset amplitude after the fusion processing.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail by way of specific embodiments in order to better understand the technical direction of the present invention for those skilled in the art. It should be understood, however, that the detailed description is provided for a better understanding of the invention only and that they should not be taken as limiting the invention. In describing the present invention, it is to be understood that the terminology used is for the purpose of description only and is not intended to be indicative or implied of relative importance.
Example one
Because the exploration requirements in different exploration periods are different, the seismic data acquisition modes and parameters of the same block in different periods are different, so that the obtained original seismic data are different in quality, the contained seismic information is different, and the data need to be processed respectively by adopting a well-ground combined processing idea and a technical means before fusion processing, so that influence factors except for fusion processing are eliminated, the consistency and the uniformity of the data are achieved as much as possible, and a good data base is laid for the subsequent fusion processing.
The embodiment discloses an azimuth difference three-dimensional seismic prestack fusion processing method, as shown in fig. 1, comprising the following steps:
s1, the seismic data of the same block with different periods and different acquisition parameters are processed before fusion by well-ground combination.
The well-ground combination in S1 includes the steps of:
s1.1, inputting original seismic data and analyzing the acquisition mode, the acquisition azimuth and the quality of the original data;
s1.2, fusion pretreatment is carried out in a targeted manner according to the analysis result of S1.1, so that the seismic data of different periods tend to be consistent.
The pre-fusion processing in step S1 includes: signal-to-noise ratio characteristic preprocessing, amplitude-preserving frequency preprocessing and consistency preprocessing.
Taking the Suizhong 36 fusion process as an example, the fusion process needs to fuse the three-dimensional survey line acquired along the construction direction by the single-source single-cable streamer mode in 1987 and the three-dimensional survey line acquired perpendicular to the construction direction by the submarine cable seismic acquisition (OBC) mode in 2004. Before fusion processing, fusion preprocessing needs to be carried out on two three-dimensional measuring lines in different periods respectively, and due to different acquisition modes, the preprocessing needs to carry out targeted processing aiming at different acquisition characteristics and data characteristics.
In the aspect of improving the signal to noise ratio, for seismic data acquired in a streamer mode, the signal to noise ratio of the streamer data is improved mainly by combining a frequency division abnormal amplitude attenuation technology, a shallow water multiple attenuation technology for determining a water layer, a three-dimensional free surface multiple Suppression (SRME) free surface multiple attenuation technology and a high-precision Radon transform (Radon transform) multiple attenuation technology. For seismic data acquired in an OBC mode, a water detector and a land detector exist, the water detection signal-to-noise ratio is high, the land detection signal-to-noise ratio is low, before land and water detection and combination, the land detection signal-to-noise ratio is improved by combining an abnormal amplitude attenuation technology of frequency division, a three-dimensional random noise suppression technology and a coherent noise suppression technology, and then land and water detection data are combined by a double-detection (water detection and land detection) combination technology to suppress ghost waves of the detectors; the multiple is suppressed by determining the combination of the shallow water multiple attenuation technology of the water layer, the three-dimensional SRME free surface multiple attenuation technology and the high-precision Radon transformation technology multiple attenuation, and then the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data acquired by the OBC mode is improved. By aiming at the signal-to-noise ratio characteristics of three-dimensional data of different periods, the signal-to-noise ratio of different periods is enabled to be consistent by adopting a targeted signal-to-noise ratio improvement technical means before stacking, and a signal-to-noise ratio basis is made for fusion processing.
In the aspect of frequency characteristics, for seismic data acquired in a towing cable mode, preprocessing comprises firstly carrying out ghost wave suppression to eliminate the limited frequency suppression of ghost waves on effective signals, carrying out ghost wave suppression on geophone point ghost waves and shot point ghost waves respectively through an adaptive ghost wave suppression technology for separating an upper wave field from a lower wave field, obviously suppressing ghost wave side lobes of suppressed seismic records, enabling a main phase to be prominent, well eliminating the limited frequency effect caused by the ghost waves of the geophone points, and widening a frequency band; and secondly, well control Q compensation and series deconvolution processing are adopted to further suppress wavelet side lobes, compress wavelets and improve resolution. For seismic data acquired in an OBC mode, the land and water detection merging technology eliminates the ghost waves at the wave detection point, further adopts the self-adaptive ghost wave compression technology of upper and lower wave field separation to compress the ghost waves at the shot point, improves the data frequency band, also adopts well control Q compensation and well control series deconvolution technology to compress the wavelets, highlights the main phase and widens the frequency. In the aspect of improving the amplitude resolution, the application of well control parameters and data of different periods are emphasized, the unused parameters are adopted, the amplitude of well control is maintained, and the consistency of wave group characteristics and frequency characteristics of the data of different periods is maintained to the maximum extent.
In the aspect of consistency, the seismic data of different periods need to be subjected to fusion pre-processing on the consistency of spatial energy and the consistency of spatial sampling. On the space energy consistency, the well control true amplitude recovery technology and the space earth surface consistency amplitude technology are adopted, so that the space energy of the seismic data of different periods is approximately equivalent. The seismic data of different periods have uneven spatial sampling on spatial sampling, and the uneven spatial sampling needs to be compensated by adopting anti-false frequency data regularization processing.
S2, the seismic data processed by the pre-fusion treatment is processed by inclination moveout correction (DMO). After pretreatment, seismic data of different periods have better uniform characteristics in signal-to-noise ratio, wavelet characteristics and space consistency, but due to the influence of different acquisition directions, the dip angles of stratums in a parallel structure and a vertical structure are inconsistent, DMO correction before fusion is needed, and the influence of the dip angle factor of the stratums is eliminated.
S3, the seismic data processed by the DMO is processed by pre-stack fusion. The method comprises the following steps:
s3.1, selecting a standard block, and fusing by taking the standard block as a target;
and S3.2, performing qualitative and quantitative fusion on the seismic data on the basis of the data of the standard block.
The pre-stack fusion processing in step S3 includes: time difference feature fusion processing, phase frequency feature fusion processing, energy feature fusion processing and unified surface element fusion processing.
The time difference fusion processing is that the time difference analysis statistics is carried out according to the seismic data of the whole area, and the fusion adjustment of the time difference is carried out by taking a standard block as a reference;
the phase frequency characteristic fusion processing is that wavelets of seismic data of different periods are obtained by using a cross-correlation method with a standard block as a reference, and fusion operators are selected through a contrast test according to different fusion parameters, so that the wavelet fusion processing is carried out qualitatively and quantitatively;
the energy characteristic fusion processing is to calculate the spatial residual amplitude scale factor of seismic data of different periods by taking the standard block as a reference through spatial amplitude statistics, and perform residual amplitude compensation on the seismic data of different periods to realize fusion of the seismic data of different periods;
the unified surface element fusion is to use a standard block as a reference, unify grids, select fused data channels by calculating the correlation coefficients of different periods of data in different distance channels of a target central point, and fuse the dominant data among the periods to the maximum extent.
S4, the seismic data subjected to pre-stack fusion processing is re-pumped back to the CMP gather through inverse DMO processing, and the CMP gather is subjected to subsequent data regularization and migration processing, so that migration imaging is obtained.
As can be seen from the above description of the technical solution, the core of this embodiment has three points: firstly, consistency processing before fusion of data of different periods starts from different acquisition modes and the quality of different original seismic data, and a targeted well control processing flow and well control parameters are adopted, so that the differences of the data of different periods in signal-to-noise ratio, wavelet consistency and space energy consistency are eliminated to the maximum extent, and a reliable data basis is provided for subsequent fusion processing; and secondly, fusion operator statistics needs to be carried out by a data set after DMO, and the fusion operator needs to be extracted after stratum inclination angle influence is eliminated due to the fact that different periods of data can have different acquisition azimuth influences and the parallel construction direction and the vertical construction direction are obviously different. And thirdly, performing qualitative and quantitative fusion treatment, and performing qualitative and quantitative optimization on fusion parameters through different fusion parameter tests.
Example two
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment discloses an azimuth difference three-dimensional seismic prestack fusion processing system, which comprises:
the pre-processing module is used for carrying out fusion pre-processing on the seismic data of the same block with different periods and different acquisition parameters through well-ground combination;
the DMO processing module is used for performing DMO processing on the seismic data subjected to the fusion pretreatment;
the pre-stack fusion module is used for performing pre-stack fusion processing on the seismic data subjected to DMO processing;
and the inverse DMO processing module is used for extracting the seismic data subjected to the pre-stack fusion processing back to the CMP gather through inverse DMO processing so as to obtain the migration imaging.
Wherein the pre-fusion treatment comprises the following steps: signal-to-noise ratio characteristic preprocessing, amplitude-preserving frequency preprocessing and consistency preprocessing.
EXAMPLE III
In order to better illustrate the technical method of the invention, the embodiment takes seismic data acquired by a streamer mode in 1987 in the area SZ36 of the bohai sea region and seismic data acquired by an OBC mode as an example for explanation.
The three-dimensional original seismic data acquired in different periods and different times in the same block are input, and the processing before pre-stack fusion is carried out by adopting well-ground combination, so that the data can reach higher signal-to-noise ratio.
FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional initial overlay cross-sectional view acquired by a single-source single-cable streamer acquisition mode, which is characterized in that: the method has the advantages of more data acquisition blank tracks, serious data loss, serious multiple development, lower signal-to-noise ratio and lower overall frequency.
Fig. 3 is a three-dimensional initial overlay cross-sectional view acquired by a single-source double-cable double-inspection OBC method, which is characterized in that: the land survey data has low signal-to-noise ratio, ghost wave development and poor data wave group characteristics.
Fig. 4 is a three-dimensional superimposed sectional view acquired by a pre-processed streamer mode, and as shown in fig. 4, after pre-processing, the signal-to-noise ratio in the superimposed sectional view is obviously improved, multiples are effectively attenuated, and ghost waves are effectively suppressed. The wave group characteristics of the superposed profile are obviously improved, wavelets are effectively compressed through early-stage processing, the wavelet side lobes are obviously suppressed, and the characteristics are outstanding. After the data is processed in a regularization mode, the empty channel data are effectively supplemented. The signal-to-noise ratio and the wave group characteristics are similar to the three-dimensional initial stacking profile acquired by the OBC, and good basic data are provided for subsequent fusion processing.
Fig. 5 is a three-dimensional superimposed cross-sectional view acquired by the pre-processing OBC method. As shown in figure 5, after the pretreatment, the signal-to-noise ratio in the superposed section diagram is obviously improved, the land and water detection is combined reasonably, and ghost waves are effectively suppressed. The wave group characteristics of the superposed profile are obviously improved, wavelets are effectively compressed through early-stage processing, the wavelet side lobes are obviously suppressed, and the characteristics are outstanding. After the data is processed in a regularization mode, the empty channel data are effectively supplemented. The signal-to-noise ratio and the wave group characteristics are similar to the three-dimensional initial superposition section acquired by a streamer mode, and good basic data are provided for subsequent fusion processing.
And performing DMO treatment according to the acquisition directions of the data of different periods to eliminate the influence of the stratum inclination angle on the fusion treatment.
And performing qualitative and quantitative pre-stack fusion processing on the three-dimensional seismic data through different fusion parameter tests according to the pre-stack data condition after the pre-stack processing.
Fig. 6 is a comparison diagram of three-dimensional overlay cross-sectional views obtained by three-dimensional line fusion processing parameters of different-phase sub-streamer acquisition and OBC mode acquisition, wherein fig. 6(a) is a graph of processing parameters as difference distance: 25m, data usage rate: 100%, correlation coefficient: a three-dimensional overlay profile obtained at 0.50 deg.f; fig. 6(b) shows the processing parameters as difference distance: 15m, data usage rate: 50%, correlation coefficient: a three-dimensional overlay profile obtained at 0.60 deg.f; fig. 6(c) shows the processing parameters as difference distance: 10m, data usage rate: 25%, correlation coefficient: a three-dimensional overlay cross-section taken at 0.68 deg.f; fig. 6(d) shows the processing parameters as difference distance: 5m, data usage rate: 10%, correlation coefficient: three-dimensional overlay profile obtained at 0.75 deg.f. As shown in fig. 6, the three-dimensional overlay cross-sectional views obtained by different processing parameters are compared, and qualitative and quantitative analysis shows that the optimal parameters are that the difference distance d is 5m, the data utilization rate is 10%, and the correlation coefficient is as high as 0.75.
FIG. 7 is a comparison of coverage times after fusion processing according to the above-mentioned optimal parameters, and FIG. 7(a) is a graph of initial coverage times of seismic data acquired by streamers in the 1987 mode, wherein the streamers are acquired in the north-south direction, the coverage times are extremely uneven, and the coverage times are low, namely 30-40 times. Fig. 7(b) is a graph of the number of coverage of seismic data acquired by the near east west OBC method acquired in 2003, which is 50 to 60 times higher than that of seismic data acquired by the streamer method. Fig. 7(c) is a graph of the number of covered times after the fusion process. As shown in fig. 7, by comparison, it can be found that the coverage number of the coverage number map is increased to 65 times and the spatial distribution is uniform after the fusion processing.
FIG. 8 is a graph showing a comparison of the offset obtained without the fusion process and the offset obtained after the fusion process, and FIG. 8(a) is an offset graph obtained without the fusion process; fig. 8(b) is an offset map after the fusion process. As shown in fig. 8, the fused prestack time-shifted profile has a higher signal-to-noise ratio, prominent wave group features, and well-localized fracture imaging.
FIG. 9 is a comparison of seismic data acquired in a streamer mode without fusion and migration obtained with fusion, and FIG. 9(a) is a migration of seismic data acquired in a streamer mode without fusion; fig. 9(b) is an offset diagram after the fusion process. As shown in fig. 9, the migration result after the fusion processing is a qualitative leap in the aspects of signal to noise ratio improvement, data continuity, fracture imaging classification, etc. compared with the original processing result of the streamer.
Fig. 10 is a graph showing a comparison between the seismic data obtained by the OBC method without performing the fusion process and the migration obtained by performing the fusion process, and fig. 10(a) is a graph showing the migration of the seismic data obtained by the OBC method without performing the fusion process; fig. 10(b) is an offset diagram after the fusion process. As shown in fig. 10, compared with the original OBC processing result, the migration result after the fusion processing is greatly improved in the aspects of signal-to-noise ratio improvement, data continuity, fracture imaging, and the like.
Fig. 11 is a migration amplitude diagram of seismic data obtained by the OBC method without the fusion process and a migration amplitude diagram after the fusion process, and fig. 11(a) is a migration amplitude diagram of seismic data obtained by the OBC method without the fusion process; fig. 11(b) is a graph of the offset amplitude after the fusion processing. As shown in fig. 11, after the fusion processing, the seismic amplitude attribute is more natural and reasonable, and no obvious acquisition footprint exists.
FIG. 12 is a diagram of the coherence properties of seismic data obtained by an OBC without fusion; fig. 13 is a graph of the offset amplitude after the fusion process. As shown in fig. 12 and 13, after fusion processing, the seismic coherence property is more natural and reasonable, the fracture system is clearer, no obvious acquisition footprint exists, and the false fault can be effectively identified.
FIG. 14 is a well-seismic contrast graph and a fused offset amplitude graph of seismic data obtained by an OBC mode without fusion processing, and FIG. 14(a) is a well-seismic contrast graph of seismic data obtained by an OBC mode without fusion processing; fig. 14(b) is a graph of the offset amplitude after the fusion processing. As shown in fig. 14, after the fusion processing, the matching degree with the well is higher, and the data fidelity is improved.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be covered by the claims. The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present application, and shall be covered by the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. An azimuth difference three-dimensional seismic prestack fusion processing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, performing fusion pretreatment on the seismic data of the same block with different periods and different acquisition parameters through well-ground combination;
s2, performing DMO processing on the seismic data subjected to the fusion pretreatment;
s3, performing prestack fusion processing on the seismic data subjected to DMO processing;
s4, the seismic data after the pre-stack fusion processing is pumped back to the CMP gather through the inverse DMO processing, so as to obtain the migration imaging.
2. The method of azimuth-diversity three-dimensional seismic prestack fusion processing of claim 1, characterized in that the well-ground integration in S1 includes the steps of:
s1.1, inputting original seismic data and analyzing the acquisition mode, the acquisition azimuth and the quality of the original data;
and S1.2, performing fusion pretreatment in a targeted manner according to the analysis result of the S1.1, so that the seismic data of different periods tend to be consistent.
3. The method for processing orientation-difference three-dimensional seismic prestack fusion as recited in claim 2, wherein the pre-fusion processing in step S1 includes: signal-to-noise ratio characteristic preprocessing, amplitude-preserving frequency preprocessing and consistency preprocessing.
4. The method for processing azimuth-difference three-dimensional seismic prestack fusion according to claim 3, wherein the preprocessing of the signal-to-noise characteristics is to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data by combining a shallow water multiple attenuation technology, a three-dimensional SRME free surface multiple attenuation technology and a high-precision Radon transform multiple attenuation technology; the amplitude-preserving frequency preprocessing is to perform ghost wave compression on the demodulator probe ghost waves and the shot point ghost waves respectively through an adaptive ghost wave compression technology of upper and lower wave field separation so as to realize the amplitude-preserving frequency; the consistency preprocessing adopts a well control true amplitude recovery technology and a space earth surface consistency amplitude technology, so that the seismic data of different periods have equivalent space energy.
5. The method for processing azimuth difference three-dimensional seismic prestack fusion according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that DMO processing is adopted in step S2 to eliminate the influence of the dip angle and the acquisition azimuth angle on the seismic data, and the DMO processed seismic data is adopted to extract the fusion operator in the prestack fusion processing.
6. The azimuth-difference three-dimensional seismic prestack fusion processing method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that in the step 3, the prestack fusion processing steps are as follows:
s3.1, selecting a standard block, and fusing by taking the standard block as a target;
and S3.2, performing qualitative and quantitative fusion on the seismic data on the basis of the data of the standard block.
7. The azimuth-diversity three-dimensional seismic prestack fusion processing method according to claim 6, wherein the prestack fusion processing in step S3 includes: time difference feature fusion processing, phase frequency feature fusion processing, energy feature fusion processing and unified surface element fusion processing.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the moveout fusion process is a fusion adjustment of moveout based on the standard block based on the moveout analysis statistics of the seismic data of the whole area;
the phase frequency characteristic fusion processing is to obtain wavelets of seismic data of different periods by using the standard block as a reference and adopting a cross-correlation method, and select a fusion operator through a contrast test according to different fusion parameters so as to perform wavelet fusion processing qualitatively and quantitatively;
the energy characteristic fusion processing is to calculate the spatial residual amplitude scale factor of seismic data of different periods by taking the standard block as a reference through spatial amplitude statistics, perform residual amplitude compensation on the seismic data of different periods and achieve fusion of the seismic data of different periods;
the unified surface element fusion is to unify grids by taking the standard block as a reference, select fused data channels by calculating correlation coefficients of different periods of data in different distance channels of a target central point, and fuse dominant data among the periods to the maximum extent.
9. An azimuth-difference three-dimensional seismic prestack fusion processing system, comprising:
the pre-processing module is used for carrying out fusion pre-processing on the seismic data of the same block with different periods and different acquisition parameters through well-ground combination;
the DMO processing module is used for performing DMO processing on the seismic data subjected to the fusion pretreatment;
the pre-stack fusion module is used for performing pre-stack fusion processing on the seismic data subjected to DMO processing;
and the inverse DMO processing module is used for extracting the seismic data subjected to the pre-stack fusion processing back to the CMP gather through inverse DMO processing so as to obtain the migration imaging.
10. The azimuth-differencing three-dimensional seismic pre-stack fusion processing system of claim 9, wherein the pre-fusion processing comprises: signal-to-noise ratio characteristic preprocessing, amplitude-preserving frequency preprocessing and consistency preprocessing.
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