CN114166257A - Collecting space area optical fiber sensing monitoring system - Google Patents
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- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
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- G01D5/35358—Sensor working in reflection using backscattering to detect the measured quantity
- G01D5/35364—Sensor working in reflection using backscattering to detect the measured quantity using inelastic backscattering to detect the measured quantity, e.g. using Brillouin or Raman backscattering
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Abstract
The invention relates to a goaf optical fiber sensing monitoring system, which comprises an optical fiber sensor arranged in a goaf and optical transmitters communicated with the optical fiber sensor, wherein the optical transmitters are communicated with each other through communication optical fibers to form a monitoring network; the optical fiber sensor comprises a light source module, a circuit module and a sensor optical fiber, and a plurality of information acquisition ends are arranged along the extending direction of the sensor optical fiber; the optical transmitter comprises a signal processing circuit, a signal processing circuit and a signal processing circuit, wherein the signal processing circuit receives the electric signals of the optical fiber sensors and optical signals from other optical transmitters and outputs a plurality of concurrent optical signals, and the plurality of optical signals comprise optical signals converted from the electric signals of the optical fiber sensors and optical signals from other optical transmitters; the system also comprises an acquisition control center, and the acquisition control center receives the multipath optical signals and executes data processing. The monitoring capability of the mine environment is improved by applying an optical fiber technology, the goaf is divided into regions, and the monitoring information of each region is displayed in real time with high quality and high efficiency so as to ensure the safety of coal production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of safety engineering, in particular to a goaf optical fiber sensing monitoring system.
Background
With the continuous development and updating of the coal mining method and the coal mining process, the coal yield is greatly increased, the economic benefit is continuously improved, the residual coal in the goaf is increased, the potential danger of oxidizing and spontaneous combustion of float coal is increased, the ignition probability of a coal seam is increased, and the spontaneous combustion fire accidents of a mine are increased. The prior comprehensive prevention and control measures mainly comprise grouting and flame retardant injection, play a certain role in preventing fire, but usually consume huge resources and cannot effectively reduce the spontaneous combustion condition. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an optical fiber sensing system to monitor the temperature of the environmental data packet and the change of the gas concentration in the goaf at any time, so as to reduce the spontaneous combustion phenomenon of the goaf.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides the following technical scheme:
the goaf optical fiber sensing monitoring system comprises an optical fiber sensor arranged in the goaf and optical transmitters communicated with the optical fiber sensor, wherein the optical transmitters are communicated with one another through communication optical fibers to form a monitoring network;
the optical fiber sensor comprises a light source module, a circuit module and a sensor optical fiber, and a plurality of information acquisition ends are arranged along the extending direction of the sensor optical fiber;
the optical transmitter comprises a signal processing circuit, receives the electric signals of the optical fiber sensors and the optical signals from other optical transmitters, and outputs a plurality of paths of concurrent optical signals, wherein the plurality of paths of optical signals comprise the optical signals converted by the electric signals of the optical fiber sensors and the optical signals from other optical transmitters;
the system also comprises an acquisition control center, and the acquisition control center receives the multipath optical signals and executes data processing.
Furthermore, the optical transmitter also comprises a distributed feedback laser, an amplifier, a predistortion circuit, a balanced bridge interference modulator and an optical splitter;
the distributed feedback laser is used for manufacturing a periodic grating near the interface of an active waveguide area of the laser and guiding the periodic grating into the optical fiber sensor;
the electrical signal of the optical fiber sensor is amplified by an amplifier and then sent to a predistortion circuit, and the predistortion circuit compensates the system nonlinear distortion of the amplified electrical signal;
the amplified and compensated electric signal is modulated into an optical signal by a balanced bridge interference modulator;
the modulated optical signal is divided into multiple optical signals by the optical splitter.
Further, the optical transmitter further includes signal conditioning circuitry configured to:
the signal conditioning circuit rectifies and filters the electric signal which is sent by the optical fiber sensor and carries the collected information;
preferably, the optical fiber sensor further comprises a radio transmission module for transmitting the electrical signal in a radio form.
Further, the optical fiber sensor also comprises a protection device with a cavity, the light source module and the circuit module of the optical fiber sensor are arranged in the cavity of the protection device, the outer wall of the cavity comprises a rubber buffer layer and a metal shell covering the rubber buffer layer, the outer wall of the cavity is provided with a hole, and the sensor optical fiber extends out of the hole.
Further, the optical fiber sensor disposed at the gob includes at least four of the following: the Raman reflection-based distributed optical fiber temperature sensor, the Raman reflection-based distributed optical fiber humidity sensor, the Raman reflection-based distributed optical fiber temperature sensor, the Raman reflection-based distributed optical fiber humidity sensor and the Raman reflection-based distributed optical fiber temperature sensor.
Further, the collection control center performs screening and error correction processing on environmental data collected by the optical fiber sensor, where the environmental data includes:
the method comprises the following steps of (1) temperature data of a distributed optical fiber temperature sensor based on Raman reflection, humidity data of an optical fiber humidity sensor, methane concentration data, carbon monoxide concentration data and oxygen content data of an optical fiber light absorption type gas concentration sensor, and dissolved oxygen data of an optical fiber dissolved oxygen sensor based on fluorescence quenching;
the treatment process comprises the following steps: screening the environmental data higher than a preset critical value in the environmental data, and prompting an alarm;
if the humidity data of a certain position point is not higher than the critical value L, selecting the oxygen content data of the optical fiber light absorption type gas concentration sensor of the position point as the air oxygen content of the position point;
and if the humidity data of a certain position point is higher than the critical value L, correcting the oxygen content data of the optical fiber light absorption type gas concentration sensor at the position point by combining the dissolved oxygen data of the optical fiber dissolved oxygen sensor based on fluorescence quenching at the position point, and taking the corrected data as the air oxygen content of the position point.
Further, the acquisition control center is configured to include: the system comprises an information acquisition database, a random number generation module and a correction value calculation module;
the process of performing error correction includes the steps of:
storing the oxygen content of the optical fiber light absorption type gas concentration sensor to a first acquisition information database according to the acquisition time sequence,
storing the dissolved oxygen data of the optical fiber dissolved oxygen sensor based on fluorescence quenching to a second acquisition information database according to the acquisition time sequence;
generating a random sequence based on a random number generation module, randomly extracting N first data from a first acquisition information database, and randomly extracting M second data from a second acquisition information database;
the correction value calculation module preprocesses the M pieces of second data, calculates a weighted average value of the N pieces of first data and the M pieces of preprocessed second data, and outputs the value as a corrected air oxygen content.
Further, the preprocessing the M second data by the correction value calculation module specifically includes:
dissolved oxygen data directly measured by the optical fiber dissolved oxygen sensor based on fluorescence quenching is used as a digital signal of a second channel after biochemical oxygen demand compensation and gas-phase liquid-phase distribution curve correction of oxygen.
Further, the acquisition control center further comprises a model library for implementing the following steps:
calling an environment numerical model which is generated based on computational fluid dynamics software and comprises a three-band model, an air flow field numerical model and a thermodynamic model;
calculating the critical value of the oxygen content of the air and the critical value of the temperature according to the numerical model of the air flow field and the thermodynamic model;
and predicting the change trend of the environmental data of the goaf within a period of time.
Further, the acquisition control center is further configured to implement steps comprising:
modeling the three-zone model again in the goaf according to the real-time collected environmental data at regular intervals;
and correcting the air flow field numerical model and the thermodynamic model at regular intervals according to the environment data acquired in real time.
The invention has the advantages that the monitoring capability of the mine environment is improved by applying the optical fiber technology, the goaf is divided into regions, and the monitoring information of each region is displayed in real time with high quality and high efficiency so as to ensure the safety of coal production.
Drawings
FIG. 1, a schematic diagram of the apparatus structure of some embodiments;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an optical transmitter of some embodiments;
fig. 3, a screening and processing flow performed by the acquisition control center of some embodiments.
Detailed Description
The invention is explained below with reference to the figures and embodiments.
The goaf optical fiber sensing monitoring system of some embodiments comprises the device shown in fig. 1, an optical fiber sensor arranged in the goaf under the ground and an optical transmitter communicated with the optical fiber sensor, wherein a plurality of optical transmitters are communicated with each other through a communication optical fiber and form a monitoring network;
the optical fiber sensor comprises a light source module, a circuit module and a sensor optical fiber, and a plurality of information acquisition ends are arranged along the extending direction of the sensor optical fiber;
the optical transmitter comprises a signal processing circuit, a signal processing circuit and a signal processing circuit, wherein the signal processing circuit receives the electric signals of the optical fiber sensors and optical signals from other optical transmitters and outputs a plurality of concurrent optical signals, and the plurality of optical signals comprise optical signals converted from the electric signals of the optical fiber sensors and optical signals from other optical transmitters;
the system also comprises an acquisition control center, and the acquisition control center receives the multipath optical signals and executes data processing.
The term "acquisition control center" generally includes physical facilities and program instructions and stored data that are run on the ride.
In some cases, the collection control center is located on the ground and can be integrated into a server of a control terminal on the ground.
In some cases, the collection control center is located in a room downhole, and the room usually implements considerable safety protection engineering to ensure that the communication and control work downhole can be performed in a controlled manner.
In some preferred embodiments, the plurality of optical transmitters comprise a decentralized detection network.
The optical transmitter of some embodiments is configured as shown in fig. 2, and further includes a distributed feedback laser, an amplifier, a predistortion circuit, a balanced bridge interferometric modulator, an optical splitter;
a distributed feedback laser is used for manufacturing a periodic grating near the interface of an active waveguide area of the laser and guiding the periodic grating into an optical fiber sensor;
the electrical signal of the optical fiber sensor is amplified by an amplifier and then sent to a predistortion circuit, and the predistortion circuit compensates the system nonlinear distortion of the amplified electrical signal;
the amplified and compensated electric signal is modulated into an optical signal by a balanced bridge interference modulator;
the modulated optical signal is divided into multiple optical signals by the optical splitter.
The optical transmitter of some embodiments further comprises signal conditioning circuitry configured to:
the signal conditioning circuit rectifies and filters the electric signal which is sent by the optical fiber sensor and carries the acquired information;
preferably, the optical fiber sensor further comprises a radio transmission module for transmitting the electrical signal in a radio form.
The optical fiber sensor of some embodiments further comprises a protection device having a cavity, the light source module and the circuit module of the optical fiber sensor are disposed in the cavity of the protection device, an outer wall of the cavity comprises a rubber buffer layer and a metal shell covering the rubber buffer layer, and an opening is formed in the outer wall of the cavity, and the sensor optical fiber extends out of the opening.
In most embodiments, the fiber optic sensors disposed in the goaf include at least the following four types: the Raman reflection-based distributed optical fiber temperature sensor, the Raman reflection-based distributed optical fiber humidity sensor, the Raman reflection-based distributed optical fiber temperature sensor, the Raman reflection-based distributed optical fiber humidity sensor and the Raman reflection-based distributed optical fiber temperature sensor.
The collection control center of some embodiments performs screening and error correction processing on environmental data collected by the optical fiber sensor, where the environmental data includes:
the method comprises the following steps of (1) temperature data of a distributed optical fiber temperature sensor based on Raman reflection, humidity data of an optical fiber humidity sensor, methane concentration data, carbon monoxide concentration data and oxygen content data of an optical fiber light absorption type gas concentration sensor, and dissolved oxygen data of an optical fiber dissolved oxygen sensor based on fluorescence quenching;
the processing procedure is as the step in fig. 3, and includes:
screening the environmental data higher than a preset critical value in the environmental data, and prompting an alarm;
if the humidity data of a certain position point is not higher than the critical value L, selecting the oxygen content data of the optical fiber light absorption type gas concentration sensor of the position point as the air oxygen content of the position point;
and if the humidity data of a certain position point is higher than the critical value L, correcting the oxygen content data of the optical fiber light absorption type gas concentration sensor at the position point by combining the dissolved oxygen data of the optical fiber dissolved oxygen sensor based on fluorescence quenching at the position point, and taking the corrected data as the air oxygen content of the position point.
The acquisition control center of some embodiments is configured to include: the system comprises an information acquisition database, a random number generation module and a correction value calculation module;
the process of performing error correction includes the steps of:
storing the oxygen content of the optical fiber light absorption type gas concentration sensor to a first acquisition information database according to the acquisition time sequence,
storing the dissolved oxygen data of the optical fiber dissolved oxygen sensor based on fluorescence quenching to a second acquisition information database according to the acquisition time sequence;
generating a random sequence based on a random number generation module, randomly extracting N first data from a first acquisition information database, and randomly extracting M second data from a second acquisition information database;
the correction value calculation module preprocesses the M second data, calculates a weighted average value of the N first data and the M preprocessed second data, and outputs the value as the corrected oxygen content of the air.
It should be noted that, the weights of the weighted average are calculated by manually observing the downhole environment data, and preset after comparing and analyzing the observed data and the data collected by the sensor.
In some cases, it is also possible to select a kalman filter method and perform the error correction process in conjunction with simulated environmental data generated by computational fluid dynamics software.
In some embodiments, the preprocessing the M second data by the correction value calculation module specifically includes:
dissolved oxygen data directly measured by the optical fiber dissolved oxygen sensor based on fluorescence quenching is used as a digital signal of a second channel after biochemical oxygen demand compensation and gas-phase liquid-phase distribution curve correction of oxygen.
Further, the acquisition control center further comprises a model library for realizing the following steps:
calling an environment numerical model which is generated based on computational fluid dynamics software and comprises a three-band model, an air flow field numerical model and a thermodynamic model;
calculating an air oxygen content critical value and a temperature critical value according to the air flow field numerical model and the thermodynamic model;
and predicting the change trend of the environmental data of the goaf within a period of time.
It should be noted that the spontaneous combustion process of the coal seam is a movement of collecting oxidation heat release and heat accumulation and external exchange heat dissipation, according to the coal-oxygen composite theory, the temperature of the coal is raised after the heat generated by the action of the coal and the oxygen is accumulated, the coal temperature is raised, the oxidation reaction activity of the coal is improved, the reaction speed is accelerated, the heat release capacity is further enhanced, and when the oxidation heat release rate of the coal is greater than the heat dissipation rate, the coal temperature is raised. Thus, by building a numerical model of the air flow field in conjunction with a thermodynamic model of the environment, location points with such opposing motion can be monitored and predicted.
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is a method of mathematically discretizing a governing equation of a flow field onto a series of grid nodes to solve the discretization into discretization of the flow field (grid generation) and discretization of the equation (computational format). The basic laws governing all fluid flow are: mass conservation law, momentum conservation law and energy conservation law. From which continuity equations, momentum equations (N-S equations) and energy equations are derived, respectively. When the CFD method is applied to the simulation calculation of the air flow field in the platform, a basic equation and a theoretical model of the process are selected or established firstly, and the basic principle is based on the equilibrium or conservation law of hydrodynamics, thermodynamics, heat and mass transfer and the like. Based on basic principles, conservation equations such as mass, momentum, energy, turbulence characteristics and the like can be established, such as continuity equations, diffusion equations and the like. These non-linear partial differential equations are solved numerically (e.g., finite element method). Computational fluid dynamics software that may be selected for use include, but are not limited to: PHOENICS of CHAM company, FLUENT of ANSYS company, STAR-CCM of Siemens company, XFLOW of Simulia company and the like, wherein the FLUENT is better conformed to a large number of examples and tests, and a plurality of preset heat transfer combustion models and multiphase flow models of fish oil in software have the advantages of good calculation stability, wide application range and second-order calculation accuracy.
The analysis and modeling process using FLUENT in some more specific embodiments is as follows:
generating a geometric structure model and generating a network;
operating a resolver;
reading in grids and checking the grids;
selecting a resolving format;
selecting a basic model equation to be solved, and further selecting a required additional model in some embodiments; the basic model includes a heat conduction model, a laminar flow model, and the like;
establishing convenient conditions;
adjusting and resolving control parameters;
initializing an air flow field numerical model and/or a thermodynamic model, and resolving;
storing the result;
correction and feedback.
The acquisition control center of some embodiments is further configured to implement steps comprising:
modeling the three-zone model again in the goaf according to the real-time collected environmental data at regular intervals;
and correcting the air flow field numerical model and the thermodynamic model at regular intervals according to the environment data acquired in real time.
In some specific embodiments, the signal transmission in the mine is implemented by means of optical fiber communication, and the signal transmission device includes: data source, optical transceiver, optical receiver, optical fiber, repeater, fiber optic connector, coupler. The outer protective layer of the optical fiber is made of flame-retardant materials, the electrical equipment is intrinsically safe, the generated sparks, electric arcs and heat energy cannot ignite explosive mixtures in the surrounding environment, the fact that the generated sparks are not capable of igniting gas reaching the detonation concentration when the power supply or the internal energy storage element of the electrical equipment is in short circuit is guaranteed, a special explosion-proof shell is not needed for the intrinsically safe electrical equipment, the size and the weight of the equipment are reduced, and the structure of the equipment is simplified.
The advantages are that: the frequency band is wide, and the communication capacity is large; the transmission loss is low, and the relay distance is long; the wire diameter is small, the weight is light, the raw material is quartz, metal materials are saved, and reasonable use of resources is facilitated; the insulating and anti-electromagnetic interference performance is strong; the cable also has the advantages of strong corrosion resistance, strong radiation resistance, good flexibility, no electric spark, small leakage, strong confidentiality and the like.
Laying: the mine tunnel all can have the condition that crooked and levelness are different at the short distance, when optic fibre was laid, furthest kept the straightness of optic fibre, reduced the bending loss of optic fibre. Because the length of the mine roadway is generally less than eighty kilometers, the G.652 optical fiber with low cost and stable performance can meet the system requirements on the premise that the communication bandwidth is enough to use, the transmission rate is high enough and the cost is low enough; in view of downhole roadway features, it is preferred in some embodiments to use the TSB-72 centralized fiber routing standard.
In the coal mine communication system based on the optical fiber technology, an electric transmitter inputs a coal mine communication information source to an optical transmitter in the form of an electric signal, in the process that the optical transmitter concurrently inputs a plurality of paths of optical fiber communication signals, the electric signal is converted into an optical signal for coal mine communication in an optical-fiber communication optical conversion circuit of the optical transmitter, the adverse effect of optical communication dispersion is effectively inhibited, the optical-fiber communication dispersion is led into an optical-electrical conversion circuit of an optical receiver to implement photoelectric conversion, a corresponding electric signal is output, the electric signal is led into a corresponding demodulation circuit to implement demodulation, and then an optical network signal meeting the requirements of a user is output, so that the coal mine communication is completed.
The optical transmitter mainly modulates the electric signal led in by the electric transmitter into periodic grating by using a distributed feedback laser and then leads the periodic grating into the coupler, and the coupler amplifies and demodulates the electric signal in the communication signal processing circuit and the sensing signal processing circuit respectively, and outputs an optical network signal for coal mine communication by the optical wavelength division multiplexer after the processing is finished.
The term "predistortion": a system with characteristics opposite to the nonlinear distortion of the system including the power amplifier is artificially added for mutual compensation, so that the stability problem does not exist, and the frequency bandwidth is larger.
The term "distributed feedback laser": a periodic grating is fabricated near the laser active waveguide interface to provide feedback by using periodic changes in the optical waveguide refractive index. It features that the grating is directly made on the active layer and the limiting interface. These lasers not only have excellent performance and are convenient to integrate, but are also improved to facilitate stable single mode operation.
The term "single mode fiber": the core diameter of the central glass core is generally 9 or 10 μm, and only one mode of optical fiber can be transmitted. The dispersion between modes is very small, and the optical fiber is suitable for remote communication, but material dispersion and waveguide dispersion exist, so that the single-mode optical fiber has higher requirements on the spectral width and stability of a light source, namely the spectral width is narrow and the stability is good. The main parameters of the conventional single mode fiber with 1.31 μm, the main operating band of the fiber optic communication system in use today, are determined by the international telecommunication union ITU-T in the G652 recommendation, and therefore this fiber is also known as G652 fiber.
The term "optical wavelength division multiplexer": a series of optical signals which carry information and have different wavelengths are combined into a beam and transmitted along a single optical fiber; and separating the optical signals with different wavelengths by a certain method at the receiving end. This technique is used in wavelength division multiplexers.
The acquisition control center of some embodiments receives signals from the optical transmitter via the optical receiver. In order to convert an optical signal transmitted to an optical receiver by an optical fiber into an electrical signal, the optical receiver needs to start a photoelectric detector to perform signal conversion processing, and after the processing is finished, the optical signal is transmitted to an analog front-end circuit to be amplified and led into a digital back-end circuit, and the data back-end circuit can realize clock recovery and data judgment and realize high-speed serial communication and signal information demodulation.
In some embodiments of the fiber optic sensing device, the device is divided into three modules: data acquisition module, data transmission module, prevent pressing the module. It should be noted that:
1. distributed optical fiber temperature measuring sensor
When light having a frequency f passes through a substance, there is scattering of light in addition to projection of light and absorption of light, and scattered light having frequencies of f ± fR, f ± 2fR and the like other than the frequency f appears in the scattered light, and these are called raman scattering. The Raman scattered light is generated due to the thermal vibration of optical fiber molecules and consists of two different wavelengths of anti-Stokes (anti-Stokes) light and Stokes (Stokes) light, wherein the former is particularly sensitive to temperature, and the latter has a small relationship with the temperature. The optical fiber is influenced by the external temperature, so that the light intensity of the anti-Stokes light in the optical fiber is changed, the temperature difference between the Stokes light and the anti-Stokes light provides an absolute indication of the temperature, and the distributed measurement of the temperature field along the optical fiber can be realized by utilizing the principle. Wherein the higher the temperature of the reflection point, the greater the intensity of the raman scattered light signal. The Stokes light channel with longer wavelength is used as a reference channel, the anti-Stokes light channel with shorter wavelength is used as a signal channel, the absolute value of the temperature is collected, and the distributed measurement of the optical fiber temperature information is realized; the signal processing system detects, demodulates, analyzes and calculates parameters such as the transmission speed of light waves in the optical fiber and the time of back light echoes, and judges the position of the abnormal temperature.
The internal fiber may be selected as a reference for temperature calculations. The specific calculation formula is as follows:
T0is the temperature of the reference zone, TmFor calculating the temperature of a certain location of the cable, Ns(T0) Mean value of the Stokes curves of the reference regions, Na(T0) Mean value of anti-Stokes curves of reference regions, Na(Tm) For the anti-Stokes light intensity, N, at a point on the cables(Tm) Stokes light intensity at a certain point of the cable, ChkIs a constant. The time required for the incident light to return to the incident end of the optical fiber through backscattering is t, the path traveled by the laser pulse in the optical fiber is L, and the method comprises the following steps: 2L ═ V × T, V ═ C/n. In the formula: v is the transmission speed of light in the optical fiber; c is the speed of light in vacuum; n is the refractive index of the fiber.
Structural design: the device mainly comprises a software part and a hardware part.The hardware part adopts a low-energy-consumption central processing unit as a core, one circuit power supply load comprises a pulse laser and an optical switch, and one power supply load comprises a processor, a collection card, a detector and a display screen; the software part completes the functions of data acquisition, data transmission, storage, display and the like. Calculating the temperature of the reference area according to the collected data and corresponding formula
2. Optical fiber light absorption type gas concentration detection:
the spontaneous combustion of coal is a complicated oxidation process, the concentration of gas released in different oxidation self-heating states can be changed correspondingly, it is a good direction to apply the optical absorption type optical fiber sensor to measure the concentration of index gas containing methane and carbon monoxide, but when the method is used for monitoring oxygen, the repeated range of the absorption line wavelength and the water vapor wavelength range of the oxygen is more, and the absorption line type is irregular, so that under the condition of higher requirement on accuracy, the oxygen content in the air environment can not be well monitored, therefore, the optical absorption type optical fiber sensor is mainly used for monitoring the combustible gas CH which is not separated from the spontaneous combustion phenomenon of coal4、CO。
The online real-time detection is accurately and quickly realized through optical fiber optical signal transmission. The device adopts double light sources, two light sources enter an optical fiber through a light coupler, then enter an air chamber through the emergence of a collimator to interact with target gas, then enter the optical fiber through the coupling of another collimator for continuous transmission, light carries different gas light absorption frequency bands after passing through the air chamber, and an ultra-radiation broadband laser (SLED) is adopted as the light source of the system, because CH4And CO is sparse comb gas, filters with narrow spectral bandwidth are adopted, a plurality of transmission light of one filter are matched with a plurality of wavelengths of a group of gas absorption peaks, a plurality of transmission light of the other filter are matched with non-absorption peaks of adjacent wavelengths of gas, the absorption coefficients are regarded as average absorption coefficients of a plurality of absorption peaks, the light intensity is also the total light intensity of a plurality of wave bands, finally, light is filtered out through the filters, and two paths of light signals pass through all the filtersThe photoelectric detector converts the light intensity signal into a voltage signal, and only needs to detect the average absorption coefficient, the signal light intensity and the reference light intensity under the corresponding signal light wavelength and the reference light wavelength, and calculates the gas concentration according to a gas concentration calculation formula derived from the Lambert-beer law.
Implementations and functional operations of the subject matter described in this specification can be implemented in: digital electronic circuitry, tangibly embodied computer software or firmware, computer hardware, including the structures disclosed in this specification and their structural equivalents, or combinations of more than one of the foregoing. Embodiments of the subject matter described in this specification can be implemented as one or more computer programs, i.e., one or more modules of computer program instructions encoded on one or more tangible, non-transitory program carriers, for execution by, or to control the operation of, data processing apparatus. Alternatively or in addition, the program instructions may be encoded on an artificially generated propagated signal, e.g., a machine-generated electrical, optical, or electromagnetic signal, that is generated to encode information for transmission to suitable receiver apparatus for execution with a data processing apparatus. The computer storage medium may be a machine-readable storage device, a machine-readable storage substrate, a random or serial access memory device, or a combination of one or more of the foregoing. A computer program (which may also be referred to or described as a program, software application, module, software module, script, or code) can be written in any form of programming language, including compiled or interpreted languages, or declarative or procedural languages, and it can be deployed in any form, including as a stand-alone program or as a module, component, subroutine, or other unit suitable for use in a computing environment.
The processes and logic flows described in this specification can be performed by one or more programmable computers executing one or more computer programs to perform functions by operating on input data and generating output.
Computers suitable for carrying out computer programs include, and illustratively may be based on, general purpose microprocessors, or special purpose microprocessors, or both, or any other kind of central processing unit. Computer readable media suitable for storing computer program instructions and data include all forms of non volatile memory, media and memory devices, including by way of example: semiconductor memory devices, such as EPROM, EEPROM, and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, e.g., internal hard disks or removable disks; magneto-optical disks; CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks. The processor and the memory can be supplemented by, or incorporated in, special purpose logic circuitry.
While this specification contains many specific implementation details, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of any inventions or of what may be claimed, but rather as descriptions of features that may embody particular implementations of particular inventions. Certain features that are described in this specification in the context of separate embodiments can also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment can also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable subcombination. Moreover, although features may be described above as acting in combination and even initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed combination can in some cases be excised from the combination, and the claimed combination may be directed to a subcombination or variation of a subcombination.
Similarly, while operations are depicted in the drawings in a particular order, this should not be understood as: such operations are required to be performed in the particular order shown, or in sequential order, or all illustrated operations may be performed, in order to achieve desirable results. In certain situations, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Moreover, the separation of various system modules and components in the embodiments described above should not be understood as requiring such separation in all embodiments, and it should be understood that the program components and systems can generally be integrated together in a single software product or packaged into multiple software products.
Particular embodiments of the subject matter have been described. Other implementations are within the scope of the following claims. For example, the activities recited in the claims can be performed in a different order and still achieve desirable results. As one example, the processes depicted in the accompanying figures do not necessarily require the particular order shown, or sequential order, to achieve desirable results. In certain implementations, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous.
Claims (10)
1. A goaf optical fiber sensing monitoring system is characterized by comprising an optical fiber sensor arranged in a goaf and optical transmitters communicated with the optical fiber sensor, wherein the optical transmitters are communicated with each other through a communication optical fiber to form a monitoring network;
the optical fiber sensor comprises a light source module, a circuit module and a sensor optical fiber, and a plurality of information acquisition ends are arranged along the extending direction of the sensor optical fiber;
the optical transmitter comprises a signal processing circuit, receives the electric signals of the optical fiber sensors and the optical signals from other optical transmitters, and outputs a plurality of paths of concurrent optical signals, wherein the plurality of paths of optical signals comprise the optical signals converted by the electric signals of the optical fiber sensors and the optical signals from other optical transmitters; the system also comprises an acquisition control center, and the acquisition control center receives the multipath optical signals and executes data processing.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the optical transmitter further comprises a distributed feedback laser, an amplifier, a predistortion circuit, a balanced bridge interferometric-type modulator, an optical splitter; the distributed feedback laser is used for manufacturing a periodic grating near the interface of an active waveguide area of the laser and guiding the periodic grating into the optical fiber sensor;
the electrical signal of the optical fiber sensor is amplified by an amplifier and then sent to a predistortion circuit, and the predistortion circuit compensates the system nonlinear distortion of the amplified electrical signal;
the amplified and compensated electric signal is modulated into an optical signal by a balanced bridge interference modulator;
the modulated optical signal is divided into multiple optical signals by the optical splitter.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the optical transmitter further comprises signal conditioning circuitry configured to:
the signal conditioning circuit rectifies and filters the electric signal which is sent by the optical fiber sensor and carries the collected information;
preferably, the optical fiber sensor further comprises a radio transmission module for transmitting the electrical signal in a radio form.
4. The system of claim 3, wherein the optical fiber sensor further comprises a protection device having a cavity, the light source module and the circuit module of the optical fiber sensor are disposed in the cavity of the protection device, an outer wall of the cavity comprises a rubber buffer layer and a metal shell covering the rubber buffer layer, the outer wall of the cavity is provided with a hole, and the sensor optical fiber extends out of the hole.
5. The system of claim 3, wherein the fiber optic sensors disposed in the goaf include at least four of: the Raman reflection-based distributed optical fiber temperature sensor, the Raman reflection-based distributed optical fiber humidity sensor, the Raman reflection-based distributed optical fiber temperature sensor, the Raman reflection-based distributed optical fiber humidity sensor and the Raman reflection-based distributed optical fiber temperature sensor.
6. The system of claim 5, wherein the collection control center processes the environmental data collected by the fiber optic sensor by screening and error correcting, the environmental data comprising:
the method comprises the following steps of (1) temperature data of a distributed optical fiber temperature sensor based on Raman reflection, humidity data of an optical fiber humidity sensor, methane concentration data, carbon monoxide concentration data and oxygen content data of an optical fiber light absorption type gas concentration sensor, and dissolved oxygen data of an optical fiber dissolved oxygen sensor based on fluorescence quenching;
the treatment process comprises the following steps: screening the environmental data higher than a preset critical value in the environmental data, and prompting an alarm;
if the humidity data of a certain position point is not higher than the critical value L, selecting the oxygen content data of the optical fiber light absorption type gas concentration sensor of the position point as the air oxygen content of the position point; and if the humidity data of a certain position point is higher than the critical value L, correcting the oxygen content data of the optical fiber light absorption type gas concentration sensor at the position point by combining the dissolved oxygen data of the optical fiber dissolved oxygen sensor based on fluorescence quenching at the position point, and taking the corrected data as the air oxygen content of the position point.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein the acquisition control center is configured to include: the system comprises an information acquisition database, a random number generation module and a correction value calculation module; the process of performing error correction includes the steps of:
storing the oxygen content of the optical fiber light absorption type gas concentration sensor to a first acquisition information database according to the acquisition time sequence,
storing the dissolved oxygen data of the optical fiber dissolved oxygen sensor based on fluorescence quenching to a second acquisition information database according to the acquisition time sequence;
generating a random sequence based on a random number generation module, randomly extracting N first data from a first acquisition information database, and randomly extracting M second data from a second acquisition information database;
the correction value calculation module preprocesses the M pieces of second data, calculates a weighted average value of the N pieces of first data and the M pieces of preprocessed second data, and outputs the value as a corrected air oxygen content.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein the pre-processing of the M second data by the correction value calculation module specifically comprises:
dissolved oxygen data directly measured by the optical fiber dissolved oxygen sensor based on fluorescence quenching is used as a digital signal of a second channel after biochemical oxygen demand compensation and gas-phase liquid-phase distribution curve correction of oxygen.
9. The system of claim 8, wherein the acquisition control center further comprises a model library for implementing the steps of:
calling an environment numerical model which is generated based on computational fluid dynamics software and comprises a three-band model, an air flow field numerical model and a thermodynamic model;
calculating the critical value of the oxygen content of the air and the critical value of the temperature according to the numerical model of the air flow field and the thermodynamic model;
and predicting the change trend of the environmental data of the goaf within a period of time.
10. The system of claim 8, wherein the acquisition control center is further configured to implement steps comprising:
modeling the three-zone model again in the goaf according to the real-time collected environmental data at regular intervals;
and correcting the air flow field numerical model and the thermodynamic model at regular intervals according to the environment data acquired in real time.
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