CN114166243A - In-orbit geometric calibration method for area array imaging satellite with inter-slice constraint - Google Patents
In-orbit geometric calibration method for area array imaging satellite with inter-slice constraint Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an in-orbit geometric calibration method for an area array imaging satellite with inter-slice constraint, which comprises the following steps of: step 1, respectively obtaining a control point on each sliced area array image and a connection point between adjacent sliced area array images by an image matching method; step 2, constructing an on-orbit geometric calibration model of the segmented area array imaging device; step 3, constructing an inter-wafer constraint model between adjacent wafer area array devices; and 4, integrally optimizing and solving the calibration parameters of all the area array devices. The invention can realize the integral optimization solution of all the calibration parameters of the area array device under the condition that the edge control points of the segmented images are lack or are distributed unevenly, thereby improving the geometric splicing precision of the adjacent segmented images.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical remote sensing satellite data processing, and particularly relates to an in-orbit geometric calibration method for an area array imaging satellite with inter-slice constraint.
Background
In order to meet the application requirement of large-breadth imaging, an optical remote sensing satellite generally adopts a splicing imaging mode of a plurality of linear arrays or area array devices to obtain a plurality of fragment images with a certain overlapping degree. And in the satellite data ground processing system, splicing the multiple slice images to obtain a complete large-breadth image of one scene.
For a linear array imaging satellite, a plurality of linear array devices are usually arranged on a focal plane in a collinear or triangular mode, and the overlapping relation between the slicing devices is simple. For the area array imaging satellite, the multiple pieces of area array devices are often arranged on the focal plane in a 2 × 2 or 3 × 3 manner, and the overlapping relationship between the pieces of area array devices is much more complicated. How to realize the accurate geometric splicing of the area array imaging satellite sliced images is always a key problem to be solved urgently in the technical field of optical remote sensing satellite data processing.
The method can accurately acquire the imaging parameters of all area array devices, and is a premise and basis for realizing accurate geometric splicing of the segmented images. On-orbit geometric calibration is one of the most common methods for obtaining accurate imaging parameters of area array satellites at present, is widely applied to satellite data ground processing systems, and achieves good effects. The method constructs an on-orbit geometric calibration model according to the imaging geometric relation of the area array imaging satellite, and utilizes ground control points to respectively solve the calibration parameters of each area array device.
The ground control points used in the existing method are mainly derived from high-precision reference data (digital ortho-images and digital elevation models), and the control points need to be uniformly distributed on all the segmented images, especially in the edge area of the image, enough number of uniformly distributed control points are needed to form effective edge control constraint, so that the geometric splicing precision between adjacent segmented images is ensured. However, under the influence of factors such as surface feature variation in the reference data, radiation difference between the reference data and the satellite image, it is often difficult to obtain uniformly distributed control points in the edge regions of all the segmented images, which inevitably results in that it is difficult to accurately solve the calibration parameters of each area array device, so that the geometric stitching precision between adjacent segmented images cannot be ensured, and the geometric quality of the spliced satellite image product is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an in-orbit geometric calibration method for an area array imaging satellite with inter-slice constraint, which aims at the defects of the prior art, takes ground control points on a sliced area array image as absolute control constraint, takes inter-slice constraint formed by connection points between adjacent sliced images as relative control constraint, and integrally optimizes and solves the calibration parameters of all sliced area array devices, thereby improving the geometric splicing precision between the adjacent sliced images and solving the problem that the calibration parameters are difficult to accurately solve due to the lack or uneven distribution of control points in the marginal area of the sliced area array image in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is an in-orbit geometric calibration method for an area array imaging satellite with inter-slice constraint, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, performing image matching on the area array image to respectively obtain a control point on each sliced area array image and a connection point between adjacent sliced area array images;
step 2, constructing an in-orbit geometric calibration model of the partitioned area array device according to the imaging geometric relationship of the area array imaging satellite;
step 3, constructing an inter-slice constraint model between adjacent partitioned area array devices according to the characteristics of instantaneous imaging of the area array imaging satellite area array device and simultaneous imaging of a plurality of area array devices;
step 4, utilizing the control points on all the sliced area array images obtained in the step 1 and the connection points between the adjacent sliced area array images to integrally optimize and solve the calibration parameters of all the sliced area array devices;
step 4.1, constructing an on-orbit geometric calibration model of the sliced area array device according to the step 2, and constructing an error equation aiming at each control point on each sliced area array image;
step 4.2, constructing an inter-slice constraint model between adjacent sliced area array devices according to the step 3, and constructing an error equation aiming at each connecting point between adjacent sliced images;
and 4.3, simultaneously establishing the error equation established in the step 4.1 and the error equation established in the step 4.2, and solving according to the least square adjustment principle to obtain the calibration parameters of all the area array devices.
Moreover, in the step 2, an in-orbit geometric calibration model of the sliced area array device is constructed according to the imaging geometric relationship of the area array imaging satellite, as shown in formula (1):
in the formula (X)GNSS,YGNSS,ZGNSS)WGS84The space rectangular coordinate of the phase center of the GNSS antenna under a WGS84 coordinate system; (X, Y, Z)WGS84The spatial rectangular coordinates of the ground points under a WGS84 coordinate system;a rotation matrix from WGS84 coordinate system to J2000 coordinate system;a rotation matrix from a J2000 coordinate system to a satellite attitude measurement coordinate system; λ is a scale factor; (phi)x,φy) The pointing angle of an imaging probe corresponding to the ground point under a satellite attitude measurement coordinate system is measured; (s, l) is the number of the probe element; (a)0,a1,...,a9,b0,b1,...,b9) Are scaling parameters.
Moreover, in step 3, according to the characteristics of instantaneous imaging of the area array device of the area array imaging satellite and simultaneous imaging of multiple area array devices, an inter-slice constraint model between adjacent sliced area array devices is constructed, as shown in formula (3):
wherein (s, l) is the number of probe element, (a)0,p,a1,p,...,a9,p,b0,p,b1,p,...,b9,p) For the scaling parameter of the p-th planar array imaging device, (a)0,q,a1,q,...,a9,q,b0,q,b1,q,...,b9,q) The calibration parameters of the q-th planar array imaging device are obtained, and the p-th and q-th planar array devices are two adjacent devices on the focal plane of the camera.
Also, for each of the steps 4.1Each control point on a slice planar array image is solved by the formula (1) to obtain (tan phi)x,g,m,ni,tanφy,g,m,ni) And constructing an error equation according to the formula (2):
Vg=AgX-Lg (4)
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
a design matrix formed by partial derivatives of the unknowns;is a control point residual error matrix;is a matrix of constant terms;
X=[a0,1 a1,1 … a9,1 b0,1 b1,1 … b9,1 … a0,m a1,m … a9,m b0,m b1,m … b9,m]Tis an unknown matrix; subscript g denotes control points; subscript m is the number of slice images; subscript ni=n1,n2,…,nmIndicating the number of control points on the ith slice image.
Moreover, in the step 4.2, an error equation is constructed according to the equation (3) for each connection point between adjacent segmented images:
Vt=AtX-Lt (5)
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
a design matrix formed by partial derivatives of the unknowns;is a connection point residual error matrix;is a matrix of constant terms;
X=[… a0,p a1,p … a9,p b0,p b1,p … b9,p a0,q a1,q … a9,q b0,q b1,q … b9,q…]T
is an unknown matrix; subscript t represents a point of attachment, subscript npIndicating the number of connection points between the p-th slice and the q-th slice images.
In step 4.3, the unknown matrix X is solved according to the least square adjustment principle by combining formula (4) and formula (5):
therefore, the calibration parameters of all the sliced area array devices are obtained, and the in-orbit geometric calibration work of the area array imaging satellite is completed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: in the invention, besides the ground control points on the sliced area array image are used as absolute control constraints, inter-slice constraints formed by connection points between adjacent sliced images are introduced and used as relative control constraints, and the calibration parameters of all sliced area array devices are integrally solved in an optimized manner, so that the problem that the calibration parameters are difficult to accurately solve due to the lack or uneven distribution of the control points in the marginal area of the sliced area array image is solved, the geometric splicing precision of the adjacent sliced area array images is improved, and the geometric quality of satellite image products is further improved.
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FIG. 1 is a block flow diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an in-orbit geometric calibration method for an area array imaging satellite with inter-slice constraint.
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained with reference to the drawings and the embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the process of the embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
step 1, performing image matching on the area array image, and respectively obtaining a control point on each sliced area array image and a connection point between adjacent sliced area array images.
Step 2, constructing an in-orbit geometric calibration model of the segmented area array device according to the imaging geometric relationship of the area array imaging satellite, wherein the in-orbit geometric calibration model is shown as the formula (1):
in the formula (X)GNSS,YGNSS,ZGNSS)WGS84The space rectangular coordinate of the phase center of the GNSS antenna under a WGS84 coordinate system; (X, Y, Z)WGS84The spatial rectangular coordinates of the ground points under a WGS84 coordinate system;a rotation matrix from WGS84 coordinate system to J2000 coordinate system;a rotation matrix from a J2000 coordinate system to a satellite attitude measurement coordinate system; λ is a scale factor; (phi)x,φy) The pointing angle of an imaging probe corresponding to the ground point under a satellite attitude measurement coordinate system is measured; (s, l) is the number of the probe element; (a)0,a1,...,a9,b0,b1,...,b9) Are scaling parameters.
Step 3, constructing an inter-slice constraint model between adjacent partitioned area array devices according to the characteristics of instantaneous imaging of the area array imaging satellite area array device and simultaneous imaging of a plurality of area array devices, as shown in formula (3):
wherein (s, l) is the number of probe element, (a)0,p,a1,p,...,a9,p,b0,p,b1,p,...,b9,p) The calibration parameters of the p sheet of area array imaging device are obtained; (a)0,q,a1,q,...,a9,q,b0,q,b1,q,...,b9,q) The calibration parameters of the q sheet of area array imaging device are obtained; the p-th and q-th planar array devices are two adjacent devices on the focal plane of the camera.
And 4, integrally optimizing and solving the calibration parameters of all the area array devices by using the control points on all the area array images obtained in the step 1 and the connection points between the adjacent area array images.
Step 4.1, solving by the formula (1) to obtain each control point on each slice area array imageAnd constructing an error equation according to the formula (2):
Vg=AgX-Lg (4)
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
a design matrix formed by partial derivatives of the unknowns;is a control point residual error matrix;is a matrix of constant terms;
X=[a0,1 a1,1 … a9,1 b0,1 b1,1 … b9,1 … a0,m a1,m … a9,m b0,m b1,m … b9,m]Tis an unknown matrix; subscript g denotes control points; subscript m is the number of slice images; subscript ni=n1,n2,…,nmIndicating the number of control points on the ith slice image.
Step 4.2, aiming at each connecting point between adjacent segmented images, constructing an error equation according to the formula (3):
Vt=AtX-Lt (5)
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
a design matrix formed by partial derivatives of the unknowns;is a connection point residual error matrix;is a matrix of constant terms;
X=[… a0,p a1,p … a9,p b0,p b1,p … b9,p a0,q a1,q … a9,q b0,q b1,q … b9,q…]Tis an unknown matrix; subscript t represents a point of attachment, subscript npIndicating the number of connection points between the p-th slice and the q-th slice images.
Step 4.3, combining vertical type (4) and formula (5), solving an unknown matrix X according to the least square adjustment principle:
therefore, the calibration parameters of all the sliced area array devices are obtained, and the in-orbit geometric calibration work of the area array imaging satellite is completed.
In specific implementation, the above process can adopt computer software technology to realize automatic operation process.
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. An in-orbit geometric calibration method for an area array imaging satellite with inter-slice constraint is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, performing image matching on the area array image to respectively obtain a control point on each sliced area array image and a connection point between adjacent sliced area array images;
step 2, constructing an in-orbit geometric calibration model of the partitioned area array device according to the imaging geometric relationship of the area array imaging satellite;
step 3, constructing an inter-slice constraint model between adjacent partitioned area array devices according to the characteristics of instantaneous imaging of the area array imaging satellite area array device and simultaneous imaging of a plurality of area array devices;
step 4, utilizing the control points on all the sliced area array images obtained in the step 1 and the connection points between the adjacent sliced area array images to integrally optimize and solve the calibration parameters of all the sliced area array devices;
step 4.1, constructing an on-orbit geometric calibration model of the sliced area array device according to the step 2, and constructing an error equation aiming at each control point on each sliced area array image;
step 4.2, constructing an inter-slice constraint model between adjacent sliced area array devices according to the step 3, and constructing an error equation aiming at each connecting point between adjacent sliced images;
and 4.3, simultaneously establishing the error equation established in the step 4.1 and the error equation established in the step 4.2, and solving according to the least square adjustment principle to obtain the calibration parameters of all the area array devices.
2. The method for calibrating the in-orbit geometry of the area array imaging satellite with the inter-slice constraint, as recited in claim 1, wherein: in step 2, an in-orbit geometric calibration model of the segmented area array device is constructed according to the imaging geometric relationship of the area array imaging satellite, as shown in formula (1):
in the formula (X)GNSS,YGNSS,ZGNSS)WGS84The space rectangular coordinate of the phase center of the GNSS antenna under a WGS84 coordinate system; (X, Y, Z)WGS84The spatial rectangular coordinates of the ground points under a WGS84 coordinate system;a rotation matrix from WGS84 coordinate system to J2000 coordinate system;a rotation matrix from a J2000 coordinate system to a satellite attitude measurement coordinate system; λ is a scale factor; (phi)x,φy) The pointing angle of an imaging probe corresponding to the ground point under a satellite attitude measurement coordinate system is measured; (s, l) is the number of the probe element; (a)0,a1,...,a9,b0,b1,...,b9) Are scaling parameters.
3. The method for calibrating the in-orbit geometry of the area array imaging satellite with the inter-slice constraint as claimed in claim 2, wherein: in step 3, according to the characteristics of instantaneous imaging of the area array device of the area array imaging satellite and simultaneous imaging of a plurality of area array devices, constructing an inter-slice constraint model between adjacent partitioned area array devices, as shown in formula (3):
4. The method for calibrating the in-orbit geometry of the area array imaging satellite with the inter-slice constraint according to claim 3, wherein: in step 4.1, for each control point on each slice area array image, solving by the formula (1) to obtainAnd constructing an error equation according to the formula (2):
Vg=AgX-Lg (4)
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,a design matrix formed by partial derivatives of the unknowns;is a control point residual error matrix;is a matrix of constant terms;
X=[a0,1 a1,1 … a9,1 b0,1 b1,1 … b9,1 … a0,m a1,m … a9,m b0,m b1,m … b9,m]Tis an unknown matrix; subscript g denotes control points; subscript m is the number of slice images; subscript ni=n1,n2,…,nmIndicating the number of control points on the ith slice image.
5. The method for calibrating the in-orbit geometry of the area-array imaging satellite with the inter-slice constraint according to claim 4, wherein: in step 4.2, an error equation is constructed according to the formula (3) for each connection point between adjacent segmented images:
Vt=AtX-Lt (5)
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
a design matrix formed by partial derivatives of the unknowns;is a connection point residual error matrix;is a matrix of constant terms;
X=[… a0,p a1,p … a9,p b0,p b1,p … b9,p a0,q a1,q … a9,q b0,q b1,q … b9,q …]Tis an unknown matrix; subscript t represents a point of attachment, subscript npIndicating the number of connection points between the p-th slice and the q-th slice images.
6. The method for calibrating the in-orbit geometry of the area-array imaging satellite with the inter-slice constraint according to claim 5, wherein: in step 4.3, the unknown matrix X is solved according to the principle of least square adjustment by combining the formula (4) and the formula (5):
therefore, the calibration parameters of all the sliced area array devices are obtained, and the in-orbit geometric calibration work of the area array imaging satellite is completed.
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