CN111508029A - Satellite-borne segmented linear array CCD optical camera overall geometric calibration method and system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides an integral geometric calibration method and system for a space-borne segmented linear array CCD (charge coupled device) optical camera, which comprises the steps of selecting a plurality of CCD images which are acquired by a camera to be calibrated and are covered for multiple times in the same area, distributing ground sparse control points in the edge area in the vertical rail direction of the image coverage area, matching connection point data among the CCD image pieces acquired at the same time, and matching dense same-name point data in image overlapping areas corresponding to the same CCD acquired at different times; fitting a probe pointing angle to construct an internal calibration model of each CCD of the camera, establishing an on-orbit geometric calibration model of the camera, and establishing a block model; respectively resolving external parameters of the imaging model during each imaging based on the sparse control points; calculating low-order internal parameter parameters of each CCD pointing angle model based on the control points and the connection points between the sheets; respectively resolving high-order item internal parameters based on dense homonymous points between overlapped images of each CCD; and finishing calibration calculation to obtain a final overall geometric calibration result of the satellite-borne segmented linear array CCD optical camera.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of remote sensing image processing, and relates to a method and a system for overall geometric calibration of a satellite-borne segmented linear array CCD (charge Coupled device) optical camera based on block adjustment.
Background
Due to the limitation of the CCD element processing technology, the optical satellite camera mostly adopts a mode of splicing a plurality of CCDs to improve the field range of the camera. The on-orbit geometric calibration technology is an effective means for correcting systematic geometric errors in an optical satellite imaging model, and is a key technology for improving the geometric precision of satellite images and the splicing precision among CCD image slices. On-orbit geometric calibration methods can be classified into calibration field-based methods and autonomous geometric calibration methods that do not require ground calibration, depending on whether the reference base map is based on high accuracy in the calibration calculation. The former uses the ground control field reference image as absolute constraint to optimize the imaging parameters of the satellite-borne camera, which is the most widely applied method at present, however, the method has the problems of high calibration cost and poor timeliness due to excessive dependence on ground calibration field data. The latter autonomous geometric calibration method is to realize calibration of camera parameters by utilizing self-constraint between images, but at present, the segmented images are mostly treated as a scanning line, the difference of distortion between CCD (charge coupled device) segments is ignored, and an effective method is not provided for how to guarantee splicing precision of the images between the segments.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of geometric calibration of a satellite-borne segmented linear array CCD optical camera, and provides an overall on-orbit geometric calibration scheme based on block adjustment aiming at the satellite-borne segmented CCD optical camera, aiming at the limitations of the traditional method under the condition of no calibration field and the defects of the existing autonomous geometric calibration method.
The technical scheme of the invention is a satellite-borne segmented linear array CCD optical camera overall geometric calibration method, which comprises the following steps,
step 1, selecting a plurality of CCD images which are acquired by a camera to be calibrated and cover the same area for multiple times, wherein the images acquired by each CCD have the overlap of more than 50%;
step 2, distributing ground sparse control points in the edge area in the vertical rail direction of the image coverage area, matching connection point data among the CCD image slices acquired at the same time, and matching dense same-name point data in image overlapping areas corresponding to the same CCD acquired at different times;
step 3, adopting a cubic polynomial to fit a probe pointing angle to construct an internal calibration model of each CCD of the camera, then introducing the calibration model into a strict geometric imaging model of an optical satellite image to establish an on-orbit geometric calibration model of the camera, and establishing a block error model for parameter calculation based on the geometric calibration model;
step 4, respectively calculating external parameters of the imaging model during each imaging based on the sparse control points obtained in the step 2;
step 5, solving low-order internal parameter parameters of each CCD pointing angle model by adopting a block adjustment method based on the control points and the connection points between the blocks;
step 6, respectively resolving high-order intra-item parameters of the pointing angle model corresponding to each CCD based on dense homonymous points between overlapped images of each CCD;
and 7, repeating the steps 4-6 until the difference value of the internal parameters obtained by continuous two times of calculation is smaller than the preset limit difference, and then performing the steps 4 and 5 again to finish calibration calculation to obtain the final overall geometric calibration result of the satellite-borne segmented linear array CCD optical camera.
In step 2, random jitter of fitting errors of the external square bit pixel model is considered to bring nonlinear distortion errors to calibration results in the camera, in order to limit corresponding influences, optimal fitting of geometric distortion at each probe of the CCD in the camera is achieved, and when image overlapping regions corresponding to the same CCD obtained at different times are matched with the same-name points, the same-name points are matched only in a short section of region in the direction of the track of the overlapped image pair.
And the step 4 is realized by establishing an error equation for solving the external parameters for each control point through model linearization processing according to the adjustment model established in the step 3, and respectively calculating the external parameters corresponding to the images acquired each time based on the control points on the respective images.
And the implementation manner of the step 5 is that error equations are respectively constructed for the control points and the connection points, the least square adjustment is utilized to calculate the low-price internal parameter correction numbers of all the CCDs, the current value of the low-order pointing angle parameter of each CCD is updated according to the calculated correction value, iteration is carried out until the result of two times of adjustment calculation is smaller than the preset limit difference, the judgment result is converged, the iteration is finished, and the step 6 is entered.
And step 6 is realized by respectively utilizing the dense homonymy points on the corresponding acquired overlapped image pairs for each CCD, constructing an error equation for the homonymy points through model linearization processing according to the adjustment model constructed in step 3, and calculating calibration parameter correction vectors in the camera by utilizing least square adjustment; and updating the current value of the high-order pointing angle parameter of each CCD according to the calculated correction value, performing iteration until the judgment result is converged when the results of two times of calculation are smaller than a preset limit difference, ending the iteration, and entering the step 7.
And, it is used for inter-slice image stitching of optical satellite cameras.
The invention also provides an overall geometric calibration system of the satellite-borne segmented linear array CCD optical camera, which is used for the overall geometric calibration method of the satellite-borne segmented linear array CCD optical camera.
The invention has the advantages that: the method can get rid of the dependence of the traditional on-orbit geometric calibration method on the reference data of the high-precision calibration field, is not limited by the position of the fixed calibration field, does not need to consider the influence of weather factors on calibration like the traditional method, and has higher timeliness. In addition, the invention introduces the constraint of splicing among CCD pieces when calculating the calibration parameters by adopting a method of block adjustment, and the obtained calibration parameters take the splicing precision among the CCD pieces into consideration, thus having stronger practicability.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention,
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating distribution of control points, connection points, and homonymous points according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The invention utilizes CCD fragment images which are acquired by a camera and are covered for at least 2 times in the same area, matches sparse connection points of CCDs among the fragments and dense homonymous points among overlapped images corresponding to the same CCD according to certain requirements, and solves calibration parameters corresponding to all CCDs of the camera by adopting an integral iteration method combining fragment solution and an integral area network adjustment method under the constraint of rare ground control, thereby realizing the integral geometric calibration of the satellite-borne fragment linear array CCD optical camera.
Referring to fig. 1, the embodiment provides a method for overall geometric calibration of a space-borne segmented linear array CCD optical camera based on block adjustment, and the specific process is implemented as follows:
step 1, selecting a plurality of CCD images which are acquired by a camera to be calibrated and cover the same area for multiple times, wherein the images acquired by each CCD are required to have an overlap of more than 50%.
And 2, distributing ground control points in the edge area in the vertical rail direction of the image coverage area, matching connection point data among the CCD image slices acquired at the same time, and matching dense data of the same-name points in image overlapping areas corresponding to the same CCD acquired at different times.
Considering that random jitter of fitting errors of an outer square bit pixel model brings nonlinear distortion errors to calibration results in a camera, in order to limit the influence of the distortion errors and realize optimal fitting of geometric distortion at each probe of a CCD in the camera, when image overlapping regions corresponding to the same CCD acquired at different times are matched with the same-name points, the method only matches the same-name points in a short section of region in the direction of the row (along the track) of the overlapped image pair (as shown in FIG. 2). Referring to the stereo overlapping image pair of fig. 2, the CCD image obtained at the same time includes the results of the photographing of the CCD1, the CCD2, and the CCD 3. In the embodiment, sparse ground control points are distributed in the edge area in the vertical rail direction of the image coverage area, sparse connection points are matched among CCD image slices acquired at the same time, and the CCD images acquired at different times are matched with each other
The corresponding image overlap region matches dense data of the same-name points.
"sparse" means that the matched points are sparse, and only a few points are matched in the overlapping region;
"dense" means that dense points need to be matched, which points are to cover the image overlap area uniformly.
And 3, constructing an on-orbit geometric calibration model and a corresponding adjustment optimization model based on least square, wherein the method comprises the steps of constructing an internal calibration model of each CCD of the camera by adopting a cubic polynomial to fit a probe pointing angle, introducing the calibration model into a strict geometric imaging model of an optical satellite image to establish the on-orbit geometric calibration model of the camera, and finally establishing an adjustment model for parameter calculation based on the geometric calibration model.
1) Satellite image geometric imaging model
Establishing a strict geometric imaging model of the optical satellite image based on the collinear relationship among the image points, the ground points and the projection center of the camera lens, wherein the strict geometric imaging model is as follows:
wherein: (x, y, z) is the three-dimensional coordinate of the image point in the camera coordinate system, and mu is a scaling coefficient;andrespectively representing a rotation matrix of the WGS84 coordinate system to the J2000 coordinate system, and a rotation matrix of the J2000 coordinate system to the satellite body coordinate system, wherein,is obtained according to the ephemeris parameters at the imaging moment,is obtained by combining star sensor and gyro for attitude determination; (X)gps,Ygps,Zgps) The coordinates of the phase center of the GPS antenna under a WGS84 coordinate system are represented, and are acquired by a GPS carried on a satellite;representing a rotation matrix from the satellite body coordinate system to the camera coordinate system, from three camera mounting anglesSpecifically, the following formula is determined:
(Xg,Yg,Zg) The transformation relationship between rectangular coordinates of the object point corresponding to the image point in the WGS84 coordinate system and geographic coordinates (L at, L on, Hei) (dimension, precision, elevation) is as follows:
wherein, N is the curvature radius of the earth prime circle, and e is the first eccentricity of the earth ellipsoid.
2) Internal calibration model construction
The internal calibration model adopts a pointing angle model based on cubic polynomial, as shown in formulas (4) and (5), namely, two cubic polynomials can be used for pointing angles of probe elements of each CCD of the line camera under a camera coordinate system for each CCD of the line cameraAnd (6) fitting.
Wherein s is a probe number, (a)0,a1,a2,a3,b0,b1,b2,b3) Is a cubic polytype coefficient.
3) On-orbit geometric calibration model construction
The built internal calibration model is introduced into a strict geometric imaging model, and an on-orbit geometric calibration model of the ith CCD can be obtained according to the formula (6):
wherein, the subscript i represents the corresponding parameters of the ith chip CCD.
4) Adjustment optimization model construction based on least square
No matter the external parameters, the low-order internal parameters or the high-order internal parameters of each CCD are solved based on the relative constraint between images, a least square adjustment method is adopted, so that an adjustment model for parameter calculation is established based on a geometric calibration model, and firstly, in the formula (6):
wherein the content of the first and second substances,represents the intermediate variable of the right part of the equal sign of the calibration model (6).
Then, an adjustment equation (G) for least squares adjustment solution can be constructedx,Gy):
And 4, calculating the external parameters based on the sparse control points, namely calculating the external parameters of the imaging model in each imaging process based on the sparse control points set in the step 2.
According to the adjustment model constructed in the foregoing, through model linearization processing, an error equation for extrinsic parameter calculation can be established for each control point, each acquired image has one set of extrinsic parameters, calculation needs to be performed respectively based on the control points on the respective images, and the error equation v established in a linearization manner is establishedEThe following formula:
vE=AX-L (9)
wherein the content of the first and second substances,correction vectors for three extrinsic parameters; a ═ A1,A2,…AN]T(N is the number of control points) is an error equationCoefficient matrix, in which each element AnIs a ground control point on the corresponding image, and an adjustment equation is established according to the image corresponding to each pointObtained by linearization, L ═ L1,L2,…LN]TIs a constant vector of error equations in which each element LnSimilarly, corresponding to each control point on the image, the current value of the adjustment equation corresponding to each point is as follows:
calculating X by using the least square adjustment, as shown in formula (10);
X=(ATA)-1(ATL) (10)
and updating the current value of the external parameter according to the corrected value, and performing iteration until the result of the two adjustment calculations is smaller than the preset limit difference, judging that the result is converged, ending the iteration, and entering the step 5.
And 5, calculating low-order internal parameters based on adjustment of the local area network, namely calculating 0-order item and 1-order item parameters of each CCD pointing angle model by adopting a local area network adjustment method based on the connection points between the control points and the chips.
On the basis of the solved external parameters, the internal parameters of the camera with low order are solved integrally by adopting a block adjustment method, and the used observation value is a connection point between a control point and a CCD image film. Respectively constructing error equations for the control points and the connection points based on the constructed adjustment method, wherein the error equations are specifically as follows:
wherein v isgpAnd vtpRespectively representing the correction quantities of error equations corresponding to the control points and the connection points; y ═ dY1,dY2…dYm]TCorrecting the low-cost intrinsic parameters of all CCDs, whereindYj=[da0,da1,db0,db1]j(j is 1,2 … m), m is the number of CCDs, and j is the number of CCDs; t ═ dt1,dt2…dtK]TFor the correction of the object plane coordinates corresponding to all the connection points, the elevation is not solved using the elevation interpolated from the DSM of the image coverage area as the true value, where dtk=[dLat,dLon]k(K is 1,2 … K), K is the number of connection points, and K is the connection point number;(N is the number of control points) is the matrix of error equation coefficients corresponding to the control points, where each elementCorresponding to a ground control point on the image, n is a control point label, and an adjustment equation is established according to the image corresponding to each control pointThe linear-type optical fiber is obtained by linearization,(K is the number of connection points) is the matrix of error equation coefficients corresponding to the connection points, where each element Corresponding to a connection point on the image, and establishing an adjustment equation according to the image corresponding to each connection pointObtained by linearization; ctpA coefficient matrix representing the coordinates of the object plane in an error equation corresponding to the control point;to controlConstant vector of point-corresponding error equation, where each elementEqual to the current value of the adjustment equation corresponding to each control point,constant vectors of error equations corresponding to the connection points, each element of whichEqual to the current value of the adjustment equation corresponding to each connection point.
The error equation (11) can be uniformly expressed as:
vIL=BY+Ct-R (12)
wherein:
wherein v isILFor the correction amount of the error equation, B is a coefficient matrix with respect to the low-cost intrinsic parameter in the error equation, C is a coefficient matrix with respect to the object plane coordinate in the error equation, and R is a constant vector of the error equation.
Y is calculated by using the least squares adjustment, as shown in equation (13):
Y=(BTB-BTC(CTC)-1CTB)-1(BTR-BTC(CTC)-1CTR) (13)
and updating the current value of the low-order pointing angle parameter of each CCD according to the calculated correction value, and performing iteration until the judgment result is converged when the two adjustment calculation results are smaller than the preset limit difference, ending the iteration, and entering the step 6.
And 6, resolving high-order scaling parameters based on the dense homonymy points of the overlapped images, namely resolving high-order in-term parameters of the pointing angle model corresponding to each CCD based on the dense homonymy points between the overlapped images of each CCD.
For each CCD, dense homonymy points on an overlapped image pair obtained by the CCD are respectively utilized, the scaling and resolving processes of high-order internal parameters of each CCD are the same, and only one piece of parameter resolving is described. According to the adjustment model constructed in the foregoing, an error equation can be constructed for the q-th homonymous image point through model linearization processing, as shown in equation (14):
vIH=EqZ+Fquq-Hq(14)
wherein v isIHFor correcting the vector, Z ═ da2,da3,db2,db3]TCorrecting vectors for calibration parameters in the camera;expressing object space plane coordinate correction vectors of the image points with the same name, wherein the elevation of the object space coordinate adopts the elevation interpolated from DSM of the image coverage area as a true value and is not solved; matrix EqAnd FqThe partial derivative coefficient matrixes respectively represent the calibration parameters and the object space coordinates and are adjustment equations established according to the images corresponding to the homonymy pointsThe linear-type optical fiber is obtained by linearization,the constant terms representing the error equation are as follows:
z is calculated by using least squares adjustment, as shown in equation (15):
Z=M-1W (15)
the intermediate variable M, W is obtained as follows
Wherein Q represents the number of the same-name points on the overlapped image corresponding to the CCD. The calculation process of each camera is the same, and the description is omitted here. And updating the current value of the high-order pointing angle parameter of each CCD according to the calculated correction value, performing iteration until the judgment result is converged when the results of two times of calculation are smaller than a preset limit difference, ending the iteration, and entering the step 7.
Step 7, repeating the steps 4-6, and iterating until the correction numbers of the internal calibration parameters are all less than the threshold value 10-12Stopping iterative calculation, then executing the steps 4 and 5 once again to finish calibration calculation, and outputting a calibration result to obtain a final overall geometric calibration result of the space-borne segmented linear array CCD optical camera.
In specific implementation, the above processes can be automatically operated by adopting a computer software technology, and a system device of the operation method is also within the protection scope of the invention.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A satellite-borne segmented linear array CCD optical camera integral geometric calibration method is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
step 1, selecting a plurality of CCD images which are acquired by a camera to be calibrated and cover the same area for multiple times, wherein the images acquired by each CCD have the overlap of more than 50%;
step 2, distributing ground sparse control points in the edge area in the vertical rail direction of the image coverage area, matching connection point data among the CCD image slices acquired at the same time, and matching dense same-name point data in image overlapping areas corresponding to the same CCD acquired at different times;
step 3, adopting a cubic polynomial to fit a probe pointing angle to construct an internal calibration model of each CCD of the camera, then introducing the calibration model into a strict geometric imaging model of an optical satellite image to establish an on-orbit geometric calibration model of the camera, and establishing a block error model for parameter calculation based on the geometric calibration model;
step 4, respectively calculating external parameters of the imaging model during each imaging based on the sparse control points obtained in the step 2;
step 5, solving low-order internal parameter parameters of each CCD pointing angle model by adopting a block adjustment method based on the control points and the connection points between the blocks;
step 6, respectively resolving high-order intra-item parameters of the pointing angle model corresponding to each CCD based on dense homonymous points between overlapped images of each CCD;
and 7, repeating the steps 4-6 until the difference value of the internal parameters obtained by continuous two times of calculation is smaller than the preset limit difference, and then performing the steps 4 and 5 again to finish calibration calculation to obtain the final overall geometric calibration result of the satellite-borne segmented linear array CCD optical camera.
2. The overall geometric calibration method for the space-borne segmented linear array CCD optical camera according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in step 2, considering that random jitter of fitting errors of the external square element model can bring nonlinear distortion errors to calibration results in the camera, in order to limit corresponding influences, optimal fitting of geometric distortion at each probe element of the CCD in the camera is achieved, and when image overlapping regions corresponding to the same CCD obtained at different times are matched with the same-name points, the same-name points are matched in a short section of region of the overlapped image pair along the direction of the track.
3. The overall geometric calibration method for the space-borne segmented linear array CCD optical camera according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and 4, establishing an error equation for solving the external parameters aiming at each control point through model linearization processing according to the adjustment model established in the step 3, and respectively calculating the corresponding external parameters of the acquired images on the basis of the control points on the respective images.
4. The overall geometric calibration method for the space-borne segmented linear array CCD optical camera according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and 5, respectively constructing error equations for the control points and the connection points, calculating low-price internal parameter correction numbers of all CCDs by using least square adjustment, updating the current value of the low-order pointing angle parameter of each CCD according to the calculated correction value, performing iteration until the result of two times of adjustment calculation is smaller than a preset limit difference, judging that the result is converged, finishing the iteration, and entering step 6.
5. The overall geometric calibration method for the space-borne segmented linear array CCD optical camera according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: step 6 is realized by respectively utilizing the dense homonymy points on the corresponding acquired overlapped image pairs for each CCD, constructing an error equation for the homonymy image points through model linearization processing according to the adjustment model constructed in the step 3, and calculating calibration parameter correction vectors in the camera by utilizing least square adjustment; and updating the current value of the high-order pointing angle parameter of each CCD according to the calculated correction value, performing iteration until the judgment result is converged when the results of two times of calculation are smaller than a preset limit difference, ending the iteration, and entering the step 7.
6. The overall geometric calibration method for the space-borne segmented linear array CCD optical camera according to claim 1,2, 3, 4 or 5, characterized in that: the method is used for splicing the images among the optical satellite cameras.
7. The utility model provides an overall geometric calibration system of satellite-borne burst linear array CCD optical camera which characterized in that: the overall geometric calibration method for the space-borne segmented linear array CCD optical camera as claimed in claims 1-6.
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