CN110363758B - Optical remote sensing satellite imaging quality determination method and system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for determining imaging quality of an optical remote sensing satellite. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a point light source remote sensing image counting value; the point light source is an automatic reflection type point light source arranged on the ground; the point light source remote sensing image counting value is obtained by an optical remote sensing satellite imaging system; constructing a response value target function according to the point light source remote sensing image counting value and the point spread function of the optical remote sensing satellite imaging system; the point spread function is expressed by adopting a Gaussian model; solving the response value target function by adopting a least square method to obtain an image point coordinate value of the point light source remote sensing image; and determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite according to the coordinate value of the image point. The method can improve the accuracy of determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aerospace optical remote sensing, in particular to a method and a system for determining imaging quality of an optical remote sensing satellite.
Background
The high-resolution satellite remote sensing image can more clearly express the space structure and the surface texture characteristics of the ground object target, effectively interpret the physical parameters and the evolution law of a plurality of circles of the earth system, and has very wide application prospect and great significance in the fields of national economic construction, national defense safety and the like. However, the breadth and depth of the high-resolution satellite remote sensing application depend on the support of calibration, and imaging quality evaluation work such as regular or irregular geometric calibration (image point coordinate extraction), spatial resolution and point spread function/modulation transfer function detection and the like needs to be carried out in the whole service life of satellite operation, and internal and external orientation elements, lens distortion parameters and the like of the camera in an in-orbit operation state are determined, so as to realize high-precision positioning and image quality evaluation.
The core task of geometric calibration of the optical remote sensing satellite is to obtain high-precision internal and external orientation elements of a camera through detection, and relates to extraction of image point coordinates corresponding to a ground control point image. At present, the measurement precision of the ground control point by using natural ground objects (such as road intersection) and the measurement precision of the on-satellite pose both reach the centimeter magnitude, the manual point selection error extracted from the image point coordinates of the control point image reaches 0.5-1 pixel, and the error in the measurement software reaches 0.3 pixel, so that the measurement precision of the on-satellite pose cannot be matched with the measurement precision of the ground control point coordinates. For the three-dimensional mapping of the ground, the satellite and the camera, the precision of extracting the image point coordinates greatly limits the precision and the accuracy of geometric calibration of the satellite. The method is characterized in that an unmanned aerial vehicle remotely senses and manufactures a high-precision DEM or DOM, a large number of control points are provided through image matching, however, the DOM and a satellite image are different in acquisition time, scale, registration and the like, and additional geometric constraint is needed to realize image matching, for example, a small number of image control points are manually selected, and the image control points are selected from ground object targets (or ground control points), so that the uniformly distributed ground control points are necessary requirements for high-precision geometric calibration, in addition, the updating speed of the landform and the landform is frequent, the real-time updating cost of the DEM or the DOM is high, and how to improve the extraction precision of the image point coordinates of the remote sensing image of the ground control points is a difficult problem of high.
Therefore, a high-precision image quality determination method for an optical remote sensing satellite is needed to realize high-precision image point extraction of a ground control point image and further realize image quality evaluation of a high-resolution satellite camera.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a method and a system for determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite, so as to improve the accuracy of determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
a method for determining imaging quality of an optical remote sensing satellite comprises the following steps:
acquiring a point light source remote sensing image counting value; the point light sources are automatic reflection type point light sources arranged on the ground; the point light source remote sensing image counting value is obtained by an optical remote sensing satellite imaging system;
constructing a response value target function according to the point light source remote sensing image counting value and the point spread function of the optical remote sensing satellite imaging system; the point spread function is expressed by adopting a Gaussian model;
solving the response value target function by adopting a least square method to obtain an image point coordinate value of the point light source remote sensing image;
and determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite according to the image point coordinate value.
Optionally, the determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite according to the image point coordinate value specifically includes:
and determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite according to the image point coordinate value, the point light source ground coordinate and the satellite pose parameter.
Optionally, the determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite according to the image point coordinate value specifically includes:
acquiring multiple point light source information on the ground; the point light source information is the northeast coordinates of the center of the point light source;
calculating the ground distance of the point light source center according to the ground point light source information;
calculating the distance between the point light sources and the image points according to the image point coordinate values;
calculating the spatial resolution of the optical remote sensing satellite; the spatial resolution is the ratio of the ground space of the center of the point light source to the space of the image points of the point light source;
and determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite according to the spatial resolution, or determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite according to the image point coordinate value and the spatial resolution.
Optionally, the determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite according to the image point coordinate value specifically includes:
according to the image point coordinate values, carrying out position registration on the counting values of the point light source remote sensing images to obtain registered counting values;
constructing a registration response value target function according to the registered counting value and the point spread function of the optical remote sensing satellite imaging system;
solving the registration response value objective function by adopting a least square method, and determining a Gaussian model parameter value of a point spread function corresponding to the registration response value objective function;
performing Fourier transform processing on the point spread function after the Gaussian model parameter value is determined to obtain a modulation transfer function of the optical remote sensing satellite imaging system;
and determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite according to the modulation transfer function, or determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite according to the image point coordinate value and the modulation transfer function.
Optionally, the determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite according to the image point coordinate value specifically includes:
acquiring multiple point light source information on the ground; the point light source information is the northeast coordinates of the center of the point light source;
calculating the ground distance of the point light source center according to the ground point light source information;
calculating the distance between the point light sources and the image points according to the image point coordinate values;
calculating the spatial resolution of the optical remote sensing satellite; the spatial resolution is the ratio of the ground space of the center of the point light source to the space of the image points of the point light source;
according to the image point coordinate values, carrying out position registration on the counting values of the point light source remote sensing images to obtain registered counting values;
constructing a registration response value target function according to the registered counting value and the point spread function of the optical remote sensing satellite imaging system;
solving the registration response value objective function by adopting a least square method, and determining a Gaussian model parameter value of a point spread function corresponding to the registration response value objective function;
performing discrete Fourier transform processing on the point spread function after the Gaussian model parameter value is determined to obtain a modulation transfer function of the optical remote sensing satellite imaging system;
and determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite according to the spatial resolution and the modulation transfer function, or determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite according to the image point coordinate value, the spatial resolution and the modulation transfer function.
Optionally, the response value objective function specifically includes:
wherein epsilonminRepresenting the response value objective function, I (x)i,yj) Representing the counting value of the remote sensing image of the point light source, (x)i0,yj0) Represents I (x)i,yj) Corresponding coordinate values of the image point, n represents the ending value of the abscissa of the image point, m represents the ending value of the ordinate of the image point, k1、σ1、ζ1And b1And expressing the Gaussian parameter value of the point spread function corresponding to the response value objective function.
Optionally, the spatial resolution specifically includes:
wherein D isgsdRepresenting spatial resolution, (X)i,Yj,Zk) Northeast sky coordinate representing center of point light source, (x)i0,yj0) Representing the coordinate value of the image point corresponding to the counting value of the remote sensing image of the point light source, (X)i+1,Yj+1,Zk+1) The northeast sky coordinate representing the center of the next point source, (x)i0+1,yj0+1) And expressing the image point coordinate value corresponding to the next point light source remote sensing image counting value.
Optionally, the registration response value objective function specifically includes:
wherein epsilonmin' denotes the registration response value objective function, I (x)i′,yj') denotes the registered count value, (x)i0′,yj0') denotes I (x)i′,yj') corresponding dot coordinate values, n represents a dot abscissa end value, m represents a dot ordinate end value, k2、σ2、ζ2And b2And expressing the Gaussian parameter value of the point spread function corresponding to the target function of the registration response value.
Optionally, the modulation transfer function specifically includes:
wherein, FMTE(v, xi) denotes the modulation transfer function, (v, xi) denotes the frequency coordinate, (x)i0′,yj0') indicates the image point coordinate value, σ, corresponding to the registered count value2And ζ2And expressing a Gaussian parameter value of a point spread function corresponding to the target function of the registration response value, and expressing a discrete Fourier transform operator by DFT.
The invention also provides a system for determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite, which comprises the following components:
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring a point light source remote sensing image counting value; the point light sources are automatic reflection type point light sources arranged on the ground; the point light source remote sensing image counting value is obtained by an optical remote sensing satellite imaging system;
the target function construction module is used for constructing a response value target function according to the point light source remote sensing image counting value and the point spread function of the optical remote sensing satellite imaging system; the point spread function is expressed by adopting a Gaussian model;
the solving module is used for solving the response value target function by adopting a least square method to obtain an image point coordinate value of the point light source remote sensing image;
and the imaging quality determining module is used for determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite according to the image point coordinate value.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a method and a system for determining imaging quality of an optical remote sensing satellite, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring a point light source remote sensing image counting value; the point light source is an automatic reflection type point light source arranged on the ground; the point light source remote sensing image counting value is obtained by an optical remote sensing satellite imaging system; constructing a response value target function according to the point light source remote sensing image counting value and the point spread function of the optical remote sensing satellite imaging system; the point spread function is expressed by adopting a Gaussian model; solving the response value target function by adopting a least square method to obtain an image point coordinate value of the point light source remote sensing image; and determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite according to the coordinate value of the image point. By adopting the method or the system, the automatic reflection type point light source target distributed on the ground is used as the detection reference and matched with a special image point coordinate extraction method, the point light source image point coordinate extraction with the precision superior to 0.05 pixel is realized, the image quality evaluation of a high-resolution satellite camera is further realized, and the accuracy of determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for determining imaging quality of an optical remote sensing satellite according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement positions of the point light sources in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of another arrangement position of the point light sources in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of another arrangement position of the point light sources in embodiment 3 of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical remote sensing satellite imaging quality determination system according to embodiment 5 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for determining imaging quality of an optical remote sensing satellite according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the method for determining imaging quality of an optical remote sensing satellite of the present embodiment includes:
step S1: acquiring a point light source remote sensing image counting value; the point light sources are automatic reflection type point light sources arranged on the ground; the point light source remote sensing image counting value is obtained by an optical remote sensing satellite imaging system.
In the embodiment, the point light source is an automatic reflection type point light source with a circular symmetry, and mainly comprises a reflector, a solar observer, an electric control theodolite, auxiliary equipment and the like, the reflector scale serving as the point light source is far smaller than the spatial resolution of an optical remote sensing satellite in a meter order, and the radiation intensity is far larger than a calibration field background and is unsaturated at the high response end of a remote sensor. The arrangement position of the point light sources is shown in fig. 2. Referring to fig. 2, at least 6 point light sources are distributed along the direction of the remote sensor linear array, and the 6 point light sources are uniformly distributed in the range of the width of the optical remote sensing satellite and used as ground control points for geometric calibration (image point coordinate extraction).
Step S2: constructing a response value target function according to the point light source remote sensing image counting value and the point spread function of the optical remote sensing satellite imaging system; the point spread function is represented by a gaussian model.
The response value objective function specifically includes:
wherein epsilonminRepresenting the response value objective function, I (x)i,yj) Representing the counting value of the remote sensing image of the point light source, (x)i0,yj0) Represents I (x)i,yj) Corresponding coordinate values of the image point, n represents the ending value of the abscissa of the image point, m represents the ending value of the ordinate of the image point, k1、σ1、ζ1And b1And expressing the Gaussian parameter value of the point spread function corresponding to the response value objective function.
Step S3: and solving the response value target function by adopting a least square method to obtain an image point coordinate value of the point light source remote sensing image.
Step S4: and determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite according to the image point coordinate value.
In this embodiment, step S4 specifically includes: and determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite according to the image point coordinate value, the point light source ground coordinate and the satellite pose parameter.
In this embodiment, the derivation process of the response value objective function is as follows:
according to the optical principle and Fourier optics, the imaging relationship of the optical remote sensing satellite for the linear displacement invariant imaging system can be expressed as follows:
g(x,y)＝f(x,y)*h(x,y)+b，
wherein, (x, y) is pixel coordinates, g (x, y) is a remote sensing image, f (x, y) is a ground object target scene, a convolution operator, h (x, y) is a system point spread function, and b is a background value.
When the target scene is a point light source, that is, f (x, y) ═ δ (x, y), it can be obtained by the convolution theorem, and the imaging relationship of the optical remote sensing satellite camera, that is, the above formula, can be simplified as follows: g (x, y) ═ h (x, y) + b. The output of the remote sensor imaging system now appears as its own characteristic, the point spread function.
The imaging system of the optical remote sensing satellite mainly comprises a preposed optical subsystem, an electronics subsystem, a focal plane detector and the like, and according to the analysis of a system composition model, the point spread function of the remote sensing satellite imaging system can be approximately expressed by adopting a Gaussian model, so that the point spread function of the high-resolution optical remote sensing satellite can be approximately expressed by adopting the Gaussian model, and the remote sensing image of the optical remote sensing satellite imaging system to a ground point light source target can be expressed as follows:
where k is a coefficient factor, (x)0,y0) Is the center position, i.e. the coordinates of the image point, sigma and
is the standard deviation.
Based on this, the response value objective function is constructed as follows:
through the object-image relationship of an optical remote sensing satellite imaging system, the ground point light source target setting of on-orbit detection and the remote sensing image thereof are combined, the system point spread function is obtained through least square fitting, and then the image point coordinate (x) of the remote sensing image corresponding to the ground control point light source target is obtainedi0,yj0)。
The method for determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite in the embodiment takes an automatic reflection type point light source target distributed on the ground as a detection reference and is matched with a special image point coordinate extraction method, wherein the counting value of a point light source satellite remote sensing image is combined with a Gaussian model, and the image point coordinate of the point light source image is obtained by a least square method, so that the ground coordinate of the point light source, the image point coordinate of the point light source, the position and posture parameters of the satellite are combined, and the optical remote sensing satellite is subjected to high-precision geometric calibration according to a collinearity equation. The method realizes the point light source image point coordinate extraction with the precision superior to 0.05 pixel, improves the precision of the ground control point image point extraction, further realizes the automatic geometric calibration and the image quality evaluation of the optical remote sensing satellite, and improves the accuracy of the determination of the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite.
Example 2
The method for determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite comprises the following steps:
step S1: acquiring a point light source remote sensing image counting value; the point light sources are automatic reflection type point light sources arranged on the ground; the point light source remote sensing image counting value is obtained by an optical remote sensing satellite imaging system.
In the embodiment, the point light source is an automatic reflection type point light source with a circular symmetry, and mainly comprises a reflector, a solar observer, an electric control theodolite, auxiliary equipment and the like, the reflector scale serving as the point light source is far smaller than the spatial resolution of an optical remote sensing satellite in a meter order, and the radiation intensity is far larger than a calibration field background and is unsaturated at the high response end of a remote sensor. The arrangement position of the point light sources is shown in fig. 2. Referring to fig. 2, at least 6 point light sources are distributed along the direction of the remote sensor linear array, and the 6 point light sources are uniformly distributed in the range of the width of the optical remote sensing satellite and used as ground control points for geometric calibration (image point coordinate extraction).
Unlike embodiment 1 described above, the arrangement position of the point light sources in this embodiment may also be as shown in fig. 3. Referring to fig. 3, the arrangement of the point light sources may also be: at least 5 point light sources are respectively arranged along the square of the remote sensor linear array and the flight direction, and the distance d between every two point light sources1Greater than 10 pixels.
Step S2: constructing a response value target function according to the point light source remote sensing image counting value and the point spread function of the optical remote sensing satellite imaging system; the point spread function is represented by a gaussian model.
The response value objective function specifically includes:
wherein epsilonminRepresenting the response value objective function, I (x)i,yj) Representing the counting value of the remote sensing image of the point light source, (x)i0,yj0) Represents I (x)i,yj) Corresponding coordinate values of the image point, n represents the ending value of the abscissa of the image point, m represents the ending value of the ordinate of the image point, k1、σ1、ζ1And b1And expressing the Gaussian parameter value of the point spread function corresponding to the response value objective function.
Step S3: and solving the response value target function by adopting a least square method to obtain an image point coordinate value of the point light source remote sensing image.
Step S4: and determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite according to the image point coordinate value.
Unlike embodiment 1, in this embodiment, step S4 specifically includes:
1) acquiring multiple point light source information on the ground; the point light source information is the northeast coordinates (East-North-Up coordinate or ENU coordinate) of the center of the point light source. The point light source information can be obtained through RTK-GPS high-precision measurement.
2) And calculating the ground distance of the point light source centers according to the ground point light source information.
3) And calculating the distance between the point light sources and the image points according to the image point coordinate values.
4) Calculating the spatial resolution of the optical remote sensing satellite; the spatial resolution is the ratio of the ground space of the center of the point light sources to the space of the image points of the point light sources.
The spatial resolution specifically includes:
wherein D isgsdRepresenting spatial resolution, (X)i,Yj,Zk) Northeast sky coordinate representing center of point light source, (x)i0,yj0) Representing the coordinate value of the image point corresponding to the counting value of the remote sensing image of the point light source, (X)i+1,Yj+1,Zk+1) The northeast sky coordinate representing the center of the next point source, (x)i0+1,yj0+1) And expressing the image point coordinate value corresponding to the next point light source remote sensing image counting value.
5) And determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite according to the spatial resolution, or determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite according to the image point coordinate value and the spatial resolution.
In this embodiment, the spatial resolution is used as another index for quality determination, and the spatial resolution is a basic measure for determining the performance of the imaging system, and is an important parameter of the satellite camera target acquisition capability, that is, the optical remote sensing satellite camera can resolve the minimum detail of the ground object target.
When the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite is determined by only adopting the spatial resolution, the embodiment has the following advantages: the spatial resolution is also an important parameter of the image quality and the target acquisition capability of a remote sensing satellite imaging system, and resolution detection methods such as a periodic target method and a radial target method are generally adopted at present. The periodic target method uses a high-contrast three-line target as a reference, can only qualitatively judge the spatial resolution of a remote sensor and quantitatively obtain a modulation transfer function at a Nyquist frequency, and is easily influenced by atmospheric conditions to generate large errors. The radial target method detects the spatial resolution and the modulation transfer function of a remote sensor by taking a high-contrast radial spoke target with gradually changed width as a reference target, but the distinguishable-indistinguishable position of a remote sensing image needs to be judged artificially and subjectively, and a large error exists. In the embodiment, the high-precision image point coordinate extraction and the image point distance calculation of the point light source remote sensing image are performed through the ground point light source target center coordinate measurement and the ground distance calculation, so that the high-precision quantitative detection of the spatial resolution under the working state of the optical remote sensing satellite camera is realized.
When the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite is determined by only adopting the image point coordinate value and the spatial resolution, the embodiment has the following advantages: the method comprises the following steps of taking an automatic reflection type point light source target distributed on the ground as a detection reference, matching a special image point coordinate extraction method, realizing point light source image point coordinate extraction with the precision superior to 0.05 pixel, and further realizing automatic geometric calibration and image quality evaluation of the optical remote sensing satellite; and high-precision quantitative detection of the spatial resolution of the optical remote sensing satellite camera under the working state is realized by measuring the center coordinates of the ground point light source target and calculating the ground distance, and extracting the high-precision image point coordinates of the point light source remote sensing image and calculating the image point distance. According to the method and the device, the precision of extracting the image points of the ground control point image is improved, the precision of detecting the spatial resolution is improved, the evaluation from the two aspects of extracting the image points and detecting the spatial resolution is realized, and the accuracy of determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite is further improved compared with a single evaluation index.
Example 3
The method for determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite comprises the following steps:
step S1: acquiring a point light source remote sensing image counting value; the point light sources are automatic reflection type point light sources arranged on the ground; the point light source remote sensing image counting value is obtained by an optical remote sensing satellite imaging system.
In the embodiment, the point light source is an automatic reflection type point light source with a circular symmetry, and mainly comprises a reflector, a solar observer, an electric control theodolite, auxiliary equipment and the like, the reflector scale serving as the point light source is far smaller than the spatial resolution of an optical remote sensing satellite in a meter order, and the radiation intensity is far larger than a calibration field background and is unsaturated at the high response end of a remote sensor. The arrangement position of the point light sources is shown in fig. 2. Referring to fig. 2, at least 6 point light sources are distributed along the direction of the remote sensor linear array, and the 6 point light sources are uniformly distributed in the range of the width of the optical remote sensing satellite and used as ground control points for geometric calibration (image point coordinate extraction).
Unlike the above-described embodiment, the arrangement position of the point light sources in the present embodiment may also be as shown in fig. 4. Referring to fig. 4, the arrangement of the point light sources may also be: the point light sources are arranged as a 4 × 4 circular array of non-integer pixels with an interval d2Greater than 5.25 pixels.
Step S2: constructing a response value target function according to the point light source remote sensing image counting value and the point spread function of the optical remote sensing satellite imaging system; the point spread function is represented by a gaussian model.
The response value objective function specifically includes:
wherein epsilonminRepresenting the response value objective function, I (x)i,yj) Representing the counting value of the remote sensing image of the point light source, (x)i0,yj0) Represents I (x)i,yj) Corresponding coordinate values of the image point, n represents the ending value of the abscissa of the image point, m represents the ending value of the ordinate of the image point, k1、σ1、ζ1And b1And expressing the Gaussian parameter value of the point spread function corresponding to the response value objective function.
Step S3: and solving the response value target function by adopting a least square method to obtain an image point coordinate value of the point light source remote sensing image.
Step S4: and determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite according to the image point coordinate value.
Unlike the foregoing embodiment, in the present embodiment, step S4 specifically includes:
1) and carrying out position registration on the counting value of the point light source remote sensing image according to the image point coordinate value to obtain a registered counting value. Specifically, the counting values of all point light source images are translated to a common reference coordinate according to the point light source image point coordinate values, so that the point light source response values are subjected to position registration to obtain a discrete point diffusion profile of the optical remote sensing satellite imaging system, and the registered counting values are obtained.
2) And constructing a registration response value target function according to the registered count value and the point spread function of the optical remote sensing satellite imaging system.
The registration response value objective function specifically includes:
wherein epsilonmin' denotes the registration response value objective function, I (x)i′,yj') denotes the registered count value, (x)i0′,yj0') denotes I (x)i′,yj') corresponding dot coordinate values, n represents a dot abscissa end value, m represents a dot ordinate end value, k2、σ2、ζ2And b2And expressing the Gaussian parameter value of the point spread function corresponding to the target function of the registration response value.
3) And solving the registration response value objective function by adopting a least square method, and determining a Gaussian model parameter value of a point spread function corresponding to the registration response value objective function.
4) And carrying out Fourier transform processing on the point spread function after the Gaussian model parameter value is determined to obtain a modulation transfer function of the optical remote sensing satellite imaging system.
The modulation transfer function is specifically as follows:
wherein, FMTE(v, xi) denotes the modulation transfer function, (v, xi) denotes the frequency coordinate, (x)i0′,yj0') indicates the image point coordinate value, σ, corresponding to the registered count value2And ζ2And expressing a Gaussian parameter value of a point spread function corresponding to the target function of the registration response value, and expressing a discrete Fourier transform operator by DFT.
5) And determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite according to the modulation transfer function, or determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite according to the image point coordinate value and the modulation transfer function.
In the embodiment, the modulation transfer function is used as another index for quality determination, is also an important parameter for image quality evaluation of the optical remote sensing satellite, can be used for evaluating the capability of a satellite camera for correctly distinguishing objects in the process of obtaining remote sensing images, and has important value in the application of high-polymer remote sensing resources such as small-scale target identification and interpretation, information interpretation and extraction and the like. The optical remote sensing satellite imaging quality evaluation has wide application prospect and important significance in various fields of national economic construction and national defense safety, such as natural resource investigation, ecological environment protection, emergency management planning, mapping and urban planning and the like.
When the modulation transfer function is only adopted to determine the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite, the embodiment has the following advantages: conventionally, a modulation transfer function detection method such as a knife edge method and a pulse method is generally used. In the edge method, because the edge target does not contain various frequency components, each frequency is required to be recovered, the edge target is easy to be interfered by noise to introduce extra errors, and the detection precision of the edge method on an orbit point diffusion function/modulation transfer function, particularly the modulation transfer function value at the Nyquist frequency is reduced. The pulse method has a zero frequency point in a reference target, and is also susceptible to noise, pulse target width and the like, so that the detection accuracy of the modulation transfer function is reduced. The method is an indirect detection method of the on-orbit one-dimensional point spread function/modulation transfer function of the optical remote sensing satellite, no matter the edge method or the pulse method. In this embodiment, the direct detection method performed according to the modulation transfer function definition can simultaneously implement two-dimensional point spread function/modulation transfer function detection in the working state of the optical remote sensing satellite camera, so that the precision of modulation transfer function detection is improved, and the accuracy of determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite is further improved.
When the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite is determined by only adopting the coordinate value of the image point and the modulation transfer function together, the embodiment has the following advantages: the method comprises the following steps of taking an automatic reflection type point light source target distributed on the ground as a detection reference, matching a special image point coordinate extraction method, realizing point light source image point coordinate extraction with the precision superior to 0.05 pixel, and further realizing automatic geometric calibration and image quality evaluation of the optical remote sensing satellite; the direct detection method according to the point spread function/modulation transfer function definition can simultaneously realize the two-dimensional point spread function/modulation transfer function detection under the working state of the optical remote sensing satellite camera. According to the method, the precision of the image point extraction of the ground control point image is improved, the precision of the modulation transfer function detection is improved, the evaluation from the two aspects of the image point extraction and the modulation transfer function detection is realized, and the accuracy of the determination of the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite is further improved compared with a single evaluation index.
Example 4
The method for determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite comprises the following steps:
step S1: acquiring a point light source remote sensing image counting value; the point light sources are automatic reflection type point light sources arranged on the ground; the point light source remote sensing image counting value is obtained by an optical remote sensing satellite imaging system.
In the embodiment, the point light source is an automatic reflection type point light source with a circular symmetry, and mainly comprises a reflector, a solar observer, an electric control theodolite, auxiliary equipment and the like, the reflector scale serving as the point light source is far smaller than the spatial resolution of an optical remote sensing satellite in a meter order, and the radiation intensity is far larger than a calibration field background and is unsaturated at the high response end of a remote sensor. The arrangement position of the point light sources is shown in fig. 2. Referring to fig. 2, at least 6 point light sources are distributed along the direction of the remote sensor linear array, and the 6 point light sources are uniformly distributed in the range of the width of the optical remote sensing satellite and used as ground control points for geometric calibration (image point coordinate extraction).
Step S2: constructing a response value target function according to the point light source remote sensing image counting value and the point spread function of the optical remote sensing satellite imaging system; the point spread function is represented by a gaussian model.
The response value objective function specifically includes:
wherein epsilonminRepresenting the response value objective function, I (x)i,yj) Representing the counting value of the remote sensing image of the point light source, (x)i0,yj0) Represents I (x)i,yj) Corresponding coordinate values of the image point, n represents the ending value of the abscissa of the image point, m represents the ending value of the ordinate of the image point, k1、σ1、ζ1And b1And expressing the Gaussian parameter value of the point spread function corresponding to the response value objective function.
Step S3: and solving the response value target function by adopting a least square method to obtain an image point coordinate value of the point light source remote sensing image.
Step S4: and determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite according to the image point coordinate value.
Unlike the foregoing embodiment, in the present embodiment, step S4 specifically includes:
1) acquiring multiple point light source information on the ground; the point light source information is the northeast coordinates of the center of the point light source.
2) And calculating the ground distance of the point light source centers according to the ground point light source information.
3) And calculating the distance between the point light sources and the image points according to the image point coordinate values.
4) Calculating the spatial resolution of the optical remote sensing satellite; the spatial resolution is the ratio of the ground space of the center of the point light sources to the space of the image points of the point light sources.
The spatial resolution specifically includes:
wherein D isgsdRepresenting spatial resolution, (X)i,Yj,Zk) Northeast sky coordinate representing center of point light source, (x)i0,yj0) Representing the coordinate value of the image point corresponding to the counting value of the remote sensing image of the point light source, (X)i+1,Yj+1,Zk+1) The northeast sky coordinate representing the center of the next point source, (x)i0+1,yj0+1) And expressing the image point coordinate value corresponding to the next point light source remote sensing image counting value.
5) And carrying out position registration on the counting value of the point light source remote sensing image according to the image point coordinate value to obtain a registered counting value.
6) And constructing a registration response value target function according to the registered count value and the point spread function of the optical remote sensing satellite imaging system.
The registration response value objective function specifically includes:
wherein epsilonmin' denotes the registration response value objective function, I (x)i′,yj') denotes the registered count value, (x)i0′,yj0') denotes I (x)i′,yj') corresponding dot coordinate values, n represents a dot abscissa end value, m represents a dot ordinate end value, k2、σ2、ζ2And b2And expressing the Gaussian parameter value of the point spread function corresponding to the target function of the registration response value.
7) And solving the registration response value objective function by adopting a least square method, and determining a Gaussian model parameter value of a point spread function corresponding to the registration response value objective function.
8) And performing discrete Fourier transform processing on the point spread function after the Gaussian model parameter value is determined to obtain a modulation transfer function of the optical remote sensing satellite imaging system.
The modulation transfer function is specifically as follows:
wherein, FMTE(v, xi) denotes the modulation transfer function, (v, xi) denotes the frequency coordinate, (x)i0′,yj0') indicates the image point coordinate value, σ, corresponding to the registered count value2And ζ2And expressing a Gaussian parameter value of a point spread function corresponding to the target function of the registration response value, and expressing a discrete Fourier transform operator by DFT.
9) And determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite according to the spatial resolution and the modulation transfer function, or determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite according to the image point coordinate value, the spatial resolution and the modulation transfer function.
In the embodiment, an automatic reflection type point light source target distributed on the ground is used as a detection reference and matched with a special image point coordinate extraction method, so that the point light source image point coordinate extraction with the precision superior to 0.05 pixel is realized, and further, the automatic geometric calibration and the image quality evaluation of the optical remote sensing satellite are realized; by measuring ground point light source target center coordinates and calculating ground distance, extracting high-precision image point coordinates of a point light source remote sensing image and calculating image point distance, high-precision quantitative detection of spatial resolution under the working state of the optical remote sensing satellite camera is further realized; the direct detection method according to the point spread function/modulation transfer function definition can simultaneously realize the two-dimensional point spread function/modulation transfer function detection under the working state of the optical remote sensing satellite camera. According to the method and the device, the precision of the ground control point image point extraction is improved, the precision of the spatial resolution and the precision of the modulation transfer function detection are improved, the three aspects of evaluation of the image point extraction, the spatial resolution detection and the modulation transfer function detection are realized, and the accuracy of determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite is further improved compared with a single evaluation index and two evaluation indexes.
Example 5
The invention also provides an optical remote sensing satellite imaging quality determination system, and fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical remote sensing satellite imaging quality determination system in embodiment 5 of the invention.
Referring to fig. 5, the optical remote sensing satellite imaging quality determination system of the embodiment includes:
the data acquisition module 501 is used for acquiring a point light source remote sensing image count value; the point light sources are automatic reflection type point light sources arranged on the ground; the point light source remote sensing image counting value is obtained by an optical remote sensing satellite imaging system.
An objective function constructing module 502, configured to construct a response value objective function according to the point light source remote sensing image count value and the point spread function of the optical remote sensing satellite imaging system; the point spread function is represented by a gaussian model.
And a solving module 503, configured to solve the response value objective function by using a least square method, to obtain an image point coordinate value of the point light source remote sensing image.
And the imaging quality determining module 504 is configured to determine the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite according to the image point coordinate value.
As an optional implementation manner, the imaging quality determining module 504 specifically includes:
and the first imaging quality determination unit is used for determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite according to the image point coordinate value, the point light source ground coordinate and the satellite pose parameter.
As an optional implementation manner, the imaging quality determining module 504 specifically includes:
the light source information acquisition unit is used for acquiring light source information of a plurality of points on the ground; the point light source information is the northeast coordinates of the center of the point light source.
And the first distance calculation unit is used for calculating the ground distance of the point light source center according to the ground point light source information.
And the second distance calculation unit is used for calculating the distance between the point light sources and the image points according to the image point coordinate values.
The spatial resolution calculation unit is used for calculating the spatial resolution of the optical remote sensing satellite; the spatial resolution is the ratio of the ground space of the center of the point light sources to the space of the image points of the point light sources.
And the second imaging quality determining unit is used for determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite according to the spatial resolution, or determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite according to the image point coordinate value and the spatial resolution.
As an optional implementation manner, the imaging quality determining module 504 specifically includes:
and the registration unit is used for carrying out position registration on the counting value of the point light source remote sensing image according to the image point coordinate value to obtain a registered counting value.
And the function construction unit is used for constructing a registration response value target function according to the registered counting value and the point spread function of the optical remote sensing satellite imaging system.
And the solving unit is used for solving the registration response value objective function by adopting a least square method and determining a Gaussian model parameter value of a point spread function corresponding to the registration response value objective function.
And the Fourier transform processing unit is used for carrying out Fourier transform processing on the point spread function after the Gaussian model parameter value is determined to obtain a modulation transfer function of the optical remote sensing satellite imaging system.
And the third imaging quality determining unit is used for determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite according to the modulation transfer function or determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite according to the image point coordinate value and the modulation transfer function.
As an optional implementation manner, the imaging quality determining module 504 specifically includes:
the light source information acquisition unit is used for acquiring light source information of a plurality of points on the ground; the point light source information is the northeast coordinates of the center of the point light source.
And the first distance calculation unit is used for calculating the ground distance of the point light source center according to the ground point light source information.
And the second distance calculation unit is used for calculating the distance between the point light sources and the image points according to the image point coordinate values.
The spatial resolution calculation unit is used for calculating the spatial resolution of the optical remote sensing satellite; the spatial resolution is the ratio of the ground space of the center of the point light sources to the space of the image points of the point light sources.
And the registration unit is used for carrying out position registration on the counting value of the point light source remote sensing image according to the image point coordinate value to obtain a registered counting value.
And the function construction unit is used for constructing a registration response value target function according to the registered counting value and the point spread function of the optical remote sensing satellite imaging system.
And the solving unit is used for solving the registration response value objective function by adopting a least square method and determining a Gaussian model parameter value of a point spread function corresponding to the registration response value objective function.
And the Fourier transform processing unit is used for carrying out Fourier transform processing on the point spread function after the Gaussian model parameter value is determined to obtain a modulation transfer function of the optical remote sensing satellite imaging system.
And the fourth imaging quality determining unit is used for determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite according to the spatial resolution and the modulation transfer function, or determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite according to the image point coordinate value, the spatial resolution and the modulation transfer function.
As an optional implementation manner, the response value objective function specifically includes:
wherein epsilonminRepresenting the response value objective function, I (x)i,yj) Representing the counting value of the remote sensing image of the point light source, (x)i0,yj0) Represents I (x)i,yj) Corresponding coordinate values of the image point, n represents the ending value of the abscissa of the image point, m represents the ending value of the ordinate of the image point, k1、σ1、ζ1And b1And expressing the Gaussian parameter value of the point spread function corresponding to the response value objective function.
As an optional implementation manner, the spatial resolution specifically includes:
wherein D isgsdRepresenting spatial resolution, (X)i,Yj,Zk) Northeast sky coordinate representing center of point light source, (x)i0,yj0) Representing the coordinate value of the image point corresponding to the counting value of the remote sensing image of the point light source, (X)i+1,Yj+1,Zk+1) The northeast sky coordinate representing the center of the next point source, (x)i0+1,yj0+1) And expressing the image point coordinate value corresponding to the next point light source remote sensing image counting value.
As an optional implementation, the registration response value objective function specifically includes:
wherein epsilonmin' denotes the registration response value objective function, I (x)i′,yj') denotes the registered count value, (x)i0′,yj0') denotes I (x)i′,yj') corresponding dot coordinate values, n represents a dot abscissa end value, m represents a dot ordinate end value, k2、σ2、ζ2And b2And expressing the Gaussian parameter value of the point spread function corresponding to the target function of the registration response value.
As an optional implementation, the modulation transfer function specifically includes:
wherein, FMTE(v, xi) denotes the modulation transfer function, (v, xi) denotes the frequency coordinate, (x)i0′,yj0') indicates the image point coordinate value, σ, corresponding to the registered count value2And ζ2And expressing a Gaussian parameter value of a point spread function corresponding to the target function of the registration response value, and expressing a discrete Fourier transform operator by DFT.
The optical remote sensing satellite imaging quality determining system can improve the accuracy of determining the optical remote sensing satellite imaging quality.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. For the system disclosed by the embodiment, the description is relatively simple because the system corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core concept of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (9)
1. An optical remote sensing satellite imaging quality determination method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring a point light source remote sensing image counting value; the point light sources are automatic reflection type point light sources arranged on the ground; the point light source remote sensing image counting value is obtained by an optical remote sensing satellite imaging system;
constructing a response value target function according to the point light source remote sensing image counting value and the point spread function of the optical remote sensing satellite imaging system; the point spread function is expressed by adopting a Gaussian model;
solving the response value target function by adopting a least square method to obtain an image point coordinate value of the point light source remote sensing image;
determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite according to the image point coordinate value;
the response value objective function specifically includes:
wherein epsilonminRepresenting the response value objective function, I (x)i,yj) Representing the counting value of the remote sensing image of the point light source, (x)i0,yj0) Represents I (x)i,yj) Corresponding coordinate values of the image point, n represents the ending value of the abscissa of the image point, m represents the ending value of the ordinate of the image point, k1、σ1、ζ1And b1And expressing the Gaussian parameter value of the point spread function corresponding to the response value objective function.
2. The method for determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite according to the claim 1, wherein the determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite according to the image point coordinate values specifically comprises:
and determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite according to the image point coordinate value, the point light source ground coordinate and the satellite pose parameter.
3. The method for determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite according to the claim 1, wherein the determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite according to the image point coordinate values specifically comprises:
acquiring multiple point light source information on the ground; the point light source information is the northeast coordinates of the center of the point light source;
calculating the ground distance of the point light source center according to the ground point light source information;
calculating the distance between the point light sources and the image points according to the image point coordinate values;
calculating the spatial resolution of the optical remote sensing satellite; the spatial resolution is the ratio of the ground space of the center of the point light source to the space of the image points of the point light source;
and determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite according to the spatial resolution, or determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite according to the image point coordinate value and the spatial resolution.
4. The method for determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite according to the claim 1, wherein the determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite according to the image point coordinate values specifically comprises:
according to the image point coordinate values, carrying out position registration on the counting values of the point light source remote sensing images to obtain registered counting values;
constructing a registration response value target function according to the registered counting value and the point spread function of the optical remote sensing satellite imaging system;
solving the registration response value objective function by adopting a least square method, and determining a Gaussian model parameter value of a point spread function corresponding to the registration response value objective function;
performing Fourier transform processing on the point spread function after the Gaussian model parameter value is determined to obtain a modulation transfer function of the optical remote sensing satellite imaging system;
and determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite according to the modulation transfer function, or determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite according to the image point coordinate value and the modulation transfer function.
5. The method for determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite according to the claim 1, wherein the determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite according to the image point coordinate values specifically comprises:
acquiring multiple point light source information on the ground; the point light source information is the northeast coordinates of the center of the point light source;
calculating the ground distance of the point light source center according to the ground point light source information;
calculating the distance between the point light sources and the image points according to the image point coordinate values;
calculating the spatial resolution of the optical remote sensing satellite; the spatial resolution is the ratio of the ground space of the center of the point light source to the space of the image points of the point light source;
according to the image point coordinate values, carrying out position registration on the counting values of the point light source remote sensing images to obtain registered counting values;
constructing a registration response value target function according to the registered counting value and the point spread function of the optical remote sensing satellite imaging system;
solving the registration response value objective function by adopting a least square method, and determining a Gaussian model parameter value of a point spread function corresponding to the registration response value objective function;
performing discrete Fourier transform processing on the point spread function after the Gaussian model parameter value is determined to obtain a modulation transfer function of the optical remote sensing satellite imaging system;
and determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite according to the spatial resolution and the modulation transfer function, or determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite according to the image point coordinate value, the spatial resolution and the modulation transfer function.
6. The method for determining imaging quality of an optical remote sensing satellite according to claim 3 or 5, wherein the spatial resolution specifically is:
wherein D isgsdRepresenting spatial resolution, (X)i,Yj,Zk) Northeast sky coordinate representing center of point light source, (x)i0,yj0) Representing the coordinate value of the image point corresponding to the counting value of the remote sensing image of the point light source, (X)i+1,Yj+1,Zk+1) The northeast sky coordinate representing the center of the next point source, (x)i0+1,yj0+1) And expressing the image point coordinate value corresponding to the next point light source remote sensing image counting value.
7. The method for determining imaging quality of an optical remote sensing satellite according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the registration response value objective function is specifically:
wherein epsilonmin' denotes the registration response value objective function, I (x)i′,yj') denotes the registered count value, (x)i0′,yj0') denotes I (x)i′,yj') corresponding dot coordinate values, n represents a dot abscissa end value, m represents a dot ordinate end value, k2、σ2、ζ2And b2And expressing the Gaussian parameter value of the point spread function corresponding to the target function of the registration response value.
8. The method for determining imaging quality of an optical remote sensing satellite according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the modulation transfer function is specifically:
wherein, FMTE(v, xi) denotes the modulation transfer function, (v, xi) denotes the frequency coordinate, (x)i0′,yj0') indicates the image point coordinate value, σ, corresponding to the registered count value2And ζ2And expressing a Gaussian parameter value of a point spread function corresponding to the target function of the registration response value, and expressing a discrete Fourier transform operator by DFT.
9. An optical remote sensing satellite imaging quality determination system, comprising:
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring a point light source remote sensing image counting value; the point light sources are automatic reflection type point light sources arranged on the ground; the point light source remote sensing image counting value is obtained by an optical remote sensing satellite imaging system;
the target function construction module is used for constructing a response value target function according to the point light source remote sensing image counting value and the point spread function of the optical remote sensing satellite imaging system; the point spread function is expressed by adopting a Gaussian model;
the solving module is used for solving the response value target function by adopting a least square method to obtain an image point coordinate value of the point light source remote sensing image;
the imaging quality determining module is used for determining the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing satellite according to the image point coordinate value;
the response value objective function specifically includes:
wherein epsilonminRepresenting the response value objective function, I (x)i,yj) Representing the counting value of the remote sensing image of the point light source, (x)i0,yj0) Represents I (x)i,yj) Corresponding image point seatIndex value, n represents the ending value of the horizontal coordinate of the image point, m represents the ending value of the vertical coordinate of the image point, k1、σ1、ζ1And b1And expressing the Gaussian parameter value of the point spread function corresponding to the response value objective function.
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