CN114161782A - 一种导湿导热软席面料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种导湿导热软席面料及其制备方法,所述导湿导热软席面料包括织物层、凉感层和底布层,织物层由结构(Ⅰ)和结构(Ⅱ)沿横向和纵向连续交替排列,底布层由区域(Ⅲ)和区域(Ⅳ)构成,织物层的结构(Ⅰ)和底布层的区域(Ⅲ)为导湿区,织物层的结构(Ⅱ)、凉感层和底布层的区域(Ⅳ)为导热区。上述软席面料的制备方法为:(1)采用机织工艺织造出背面含有重复凹槽结构的织物层;(2)将凉感材料喷涂于织物层背面,得到凉感层;(3)将底布层覆盖于凉感层上,凹槽对应的部分采用热粘合工艺,非凹槽对应的部分采用针刺固结工艺,得到导湿导热软席面料。本发明制得的软席面料质地柔软耐水洗,同时兼具导湿导热和持久性凉感。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及面料及其制备方法,尤其涉及一种导湿导热软席面料及其制备方法。
背景技术
软席作为夏日降温的床上用品,区别于传统采用草编或竹制的硬席,是采用细长柔软、吸湿透气纤维作为原料经纺纱织造而成的纹理粗犷、紧密厚实的织物,通过对人体热量的有效散发、对人体肌肤表面的汗液及时导出并快速蒸发,在高温高湿环境下给人以清凉干爽感。
中国专利公开号CN208577825U公开了一种软席面料,该面料表层采用再生纤维素复丝合股纱和经面斜纹组织,席面密实平滑,里层采用细单丝与粗纱、经浮长线与平纹组织的合理配置,具有透气散热功能的孔眼结构和防滑的凹凸结构。表层织物紧度较大,有利于减少织物内部空气含量,使其导热性能增强,但是紧度较大,也就是织物经纬纱线之间所形成的孔隙较小,会使织物的透气性相应变差,影响整体的舒适性。
中国专利公开号CN110983555A公开了一种纯棉软席面料,棉纤维细而柔软、亲肤透气,用于软席的接受度高,对各类人群适用性高,由于棉纤维的导热能力一般,在纱线结构上采用条干更均匀的高线密度股线,组织结构由平滑增厚的经三重组织、透孔组织和平纹组合,形成低热阻接触和大孔隙散热,以此提升厚重纯棉织物的导热能力和散湿能力,但是原料对织物接触凉感的影响更为显著,从纱线、织物结构上改变提升有限,后整理也存在手感变硬、日常使用和洗涤凉感持久性的问题,同时,棉纤维散发水分的速度较慢,在高温高湿环境下易产生闷湿感和粘身感,要提高纯棉软席的凉感和热湿舒适性存在一定的难度。
中国专利公开号CN111876876A公开了一种再生纤维素纤维软席面料,原料为再生纤维素纤维,由于其吸湿溶胀而造成尺寸不稳定以及纤维直径变粗导致织物孔隙变小、透气性下降,通过在纱线的表面和内部固着氧化聚乙烯蜡膜,能够有效控制纤维溶胀程度,同时,起到伏贴毛羽和降低表面摩擦力的作用,从而增加软席面料的接触凉感和顺滑触感,但也使得面料亲水性下降,没有发挥出纤维自身的吸放湿能力。
发明内容
发明目的:本发明旨在提供一种透气性好、兼具导热导湿且凉感持久的软席面料,本发明的另一目的在于提供一种软席面料的制备方法。
技术方案:本发明提供一种导湿导热软席面料,包括织物层、凉感层和底布层,所述织物层由结构Ⅰ和结构Ⅱ沿横向和纵向连续交替排列,所述结构Ⅰ由三层织物构成,第一层织物为第一经纱与第一纬纱交织,第二层织物为第二纬纱的浮长线,第三层织物为第二经纱的浮长线,所述结构Ⅱ由第一经纱、第二经纱与第一纬纱交织,所述底布层为再生纤维素纤维无纺布,由区域Ⅲ和区域Ⅳ构成,所述织物层的结构Ⅰ和底布层的区域Ⅲ组合为软席面料的导湿区,所述织物层的结构Ⅱ、凉感层和底布层的区域Ⅳ组合为软席面料的导热区。
上述结构Ⅰ的第一层织物组织结构为方平组织或变化方平组织,方平组织是在平纹组织的基础上在经、纬两个方向延长组织点而成,与平纹组织一样具有对称的交织点分布,因此,织物结构稳定、布面平整匀称,同时,与平纹组织不同的是变化方平组织浮长线长、交织点少,手感更为柔软、透气性更好。
上述结构Ⅰ的第二层的第二纬纱处于第一经纱和第一纬纱交织面之下,第二经纱之上,不与第一、第二经纱交织,不显露在织物的表面。
上述织物层采用的第一经纱、第二经纱和第一纬纱为棉纤维或再生纤维素纤维的短纤纱,纱支为40s/2-80s/2,2根短纤纱单纱加捻合股,一方面单纱上的毛羽被卷绕在股线内部,使得股线表面毛羽减少,布面光洁度增加,同时2根单纱呈螺旋状缠绕在一起,赋予股线一定的弹性,增加织物柔韧度;另一方面,短纤纱经2次加捻扭转,纤维间更为紧密,使纱体内部的孔隙减小,静止空气减少,从而增加导热系数。
上述织物层采用的第二纬纱为麻纤维纱线,纱支为8s-12s,由于麻纤维表面许多大小不一的孔洞与其内部中腔相连,孔洞能很快地吸收水分,并很快地使水分散发,吸湿放湿速度快,应用线密度高的麻纱,可以使软席面料达到一定的厚度,增加软席面料吸收湿气的能力。
上述织物层的一个组织循环中,第一经纱的循环数为24-48根,第二经纱的循环数为12-24根,第一经纱与第二经纱的排列比为2:1,第一纬纱的循环数为20-40根,第二纬纱的循环数为8-20根。
本发明所述导湿导热软席面料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)采用机织工艺织造出背面含有重复凹槽结构的织物层;
(2)将凉感材料喷涂于织物层背面,得到凉感层;
(3)将底布层覆盖于凉感层上,凹槽对应的部分采用热粘合工艺,非凹槽对应的部分采用针刺固结工艺,得到导湿导热软席面料。
上述步骤(1)所述凹槽结构的高度为0.25-0.35mm,底布面积为10-20mm2,相临凹槽之间的间隔距离为2-5mm。
上述步骤(2)所述凉感材料为凉感剂和粘合剂。
上述软席面料兼具导湿和导热两方面功效的机理如下:
(1)导湿:织物层的上表面,由结构Ⅰ的第一层上表面和结构Ⅱ上表面2个区域交替组合而成,这2个区域的区别在于第二经纱是否参与交织,具体为在结构Ⅰ第一层的区域,第二经纱不参与交织,单位面积上的纱线数量减少,织物表面孔隙增大,使纱线之间气体通过的通道变大,区域Ⅰ表现为具有更好的透气透湿性,为非紧密区域。
结构Ⅰ的第二层粗麻纱进一步导湿原理:1个曲线由2-5根麻纱紧密并列而成,麻纱横截面类圆形,2根麻纱并列接触,在纱线之间构成沿水平方向的沟槽,除了麻纤维自身的吸放湿之外,形成了利于湿气扩散的通道,加速汗水排散。麻纤维纵向凹凸不平、有麻节,贴身使用有轻微的刺痒,尤其是使用较粗纱线时,刺痒感及粗硬感更明显,使麻纤维置于棉纤维之下,第二纬纱麻纱线密度大于第一纬纱棉纱或再生纤维素纱线,第二层的吸湿导湿能力优于第一层,可以形成吸湿导湿梯度,同时,通过将麻纱设置在第一经纱与第二经纱之间,粗麻纱不参与交织,不用裸露在织物表面结构,避免了粗麻纱线影响织物的外观和手感。
(2)导热:在结构Ⅱ的区域,第二经纱参与交织,单位面积上的纱线数量增多,纱线排列较为紧密,区域表现为具有紧密坚牢的外观特征,纱线之间的孔隙面积变小,纱线之间的气体通道变小,使得结构Ⅱ所含空气量减少,热阻变小,表现为更好的导热效果,为紧密区域。
凹槽产生机理:软席反面,即织物层的下表面,由结构Ⅰ的第三层下表面和结构Ⅱ下表面2个区域交替组合而成,由于结构Ⅰ的第二层为第二纬纱,通过第二经纱的浮沉变化使第二纬纱排列分布呈现2个对称的连续曲线,使结构Ⅱ形成一个凹下的圆形,2个对称曲线围在凹下圆形的四周,构成沿厚度方向的凹槽。
作用机理:人体与软席面料之间的温度平衡经历过程为:首先织物层的结构Ⅱ迅速吸收热量,其次通过凉感层快速传导,最后通过底布层的区域Ⅳ向外界扩散;湿度平衡经历过程:首先通过织物层结构Ⅰ的第一层透气透湿,其次通过结构Ⅰ的第二层粗麻纱形成的导湿沟槽快速传导,最后通过底布层的传导并从底布层区域Ⅲ的底部排出。
有益效果:与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下显著优点:
(1)本发明软席面料实现人体清凉干爽,表面兼具导湿和导热的两种区域,导热区域提供优异的接触凉感和导热性能,导湿区域提供透气透湿,湿气再经过导湿沟槽排出,使软席面料具有良好的热湿舒适性。
(2)利用机织工艺形成背面具有数个重复凹槽结构的织物层,提升织物层对凉感材料的负载量,使软席面料表面附着更多的冷感材料,增大吸收热量的能力,实现持续凉感,同时增加凉感材料与织物层的附着范围,有利于牢固,再粘合一层致密无纺布底部层,避免凉感材料损失,使软席面料耐水洗。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1软席面料的横向截面图;
图2为本发明实施例1织物层A的第一经纱与第一纬纱交织的最小组织;
图3为本发明实施例1织物层A的第二经纱与第一纬纱交织的最小组织。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步说明。
实施例1
所述导湿导热软席面料,包括织物层A、凉感层B和底布层C。织物层A由结构Ⅰ和结构Ⅱ沿横向和纵向连续交替排列,结构Ⅰ由三层织物构成,第一层织物为第一经纱与第一纬纱交织,组织结构为4经2纬变化方平组织,第二层织物为第二纬纱的浮长线,第二纬纱为6s的麻纤维纱线,第三层织物为第二经纱的浮长线,结构Ⅱ由第一经纱、第二经纱与第一纬纱交织,第一经纱、第二经纱和第一纬纱为纱支数为40s/2的棉纤维短纤纱,织物层A的一个组织循环中,第一经纱的循环数为24根,第二经纱的循环数为12根,第一经纱与第二经纱的排列比为2:1,第一纬纱的循环数为20根,第二纬纱的循环数为6根。底布层C为莱赛尔针刺无纺布,由区域Ⅲ和区域Ⅳ构成,织物层A的结构Ⅰ和底布层C的区域Ⅲ组合为软席面料的导湿区,织物层A的结构Ⅱ、凉感层B和底布层C的区域Ⅳ组合为软席面料的导热区。
上述导湿导热软席面料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)采用机织工艺织造出背面含有重复凹槽结构的织物层A,凹槽形状为圆柱体,高度约为0.35mm,底部面积约为10mm2,相临凹槽之间的间隔距离为2mm;
(2)将凉感材料凉感剂和粘合剂喷涂于织物层A背面,得到凉感层B;
(3)将底布层C覆盖于凉感层B上,凹槽对应的部分采用热粘合工艺,非凹槽对应的部分采用针刺固结工艺,得到导湿导热软席面料。
实施例2
所述导湿导热软席面料,包括织物层A、凉感层B和底布层C。织物层A由结构Ⅰ和结构Ⅱ沿横向和纵向连续交替排列,结构Ⅰ由三层织物构成,第一层织物为第一经纱与第一纬纱交织,组织结构为3经2纬变化方平组织,第二层织物为第二纬纱的浮长线,第二纬纱为8s的麻纤维纱线,第三层织物为第二经纱的浮长线,结构Ⅱ由第一经纱、第二经纱与第一纬纱交织,第一经纱、第二经纱和第一纬纱为纱支数为60s/2的再生纤维素短纤纱,织物层A的一个组织循环中,第一经纱的循环数为36根,第二经纱的循环数为18根,第一经纱与第二经纱的排列比为2:1,第一纬纱的循环数为30根,第二纬纱的循环数为10根。底布层C为莫代尔针刺无纺布,由区域Ⅲ和区域Ⅳ构成,织物层A的结构Ⅰ和底布层C的区域Ⅲ组合为软席面料的导湿区,织物层A的结构Ⅱ、凉感层B和底布层C的区域Ⅳ组合为软席面料的导热区。
上述导湿导热软席面料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)采用机织工艺织造出背面含有重复凹槽结构的织物层A,凹槽形状为圆柱体,高度约为0.31mm,底部面积约为16mm2,相临凹槽之间的间隔距离为3mm;
(2)将凉感材料凉感剂和粘合剂喷涂于织物层A背面,得到凉感层B;
(3)将底布层C覆盖于凉感层B上,凹槽对应的部分采用热粘合工艺,非凹槽对应的部分采用针刺固结工艺,得到导湿导热软席面料。
实施例3
所述导湿导热软席面料,包括织物层A、凉感层B和底布层C。织物层A由结构Ⅰ和结构Ⅱ沿横向和纵向连续交替排列,结构Ⅰ由三层织物构成,第一层织物为第一经纱与第一纬纱交织,组织结构为2经2纬变化方平组织,第二层织物为第二纬纱的浮长线,第二纬纱为12s的麻纤维纱线,第三层织物为第二经纱的浮长线,结构Ⅱ由第一经纱、第二经纱与第一纬纱交织,第一经纱、第二经纱和第一纬纱为纱支数为80s/2的棉纤维短纤纱,织物层A的一个组织循环中,第一经纱的循环数为48根,第二经纱的循环数为24根,第一经纱与第二经纱的排列比为2:1,第一纬纱的循环数为40根,第二纬纱的循环数为20根。底布层C为粘胶针刺无纺布,由区域Ⅲ和区域Ⅳ构成,织物层A的结构Ⅰ和底布层C的区域Ⅲ组合为软席面料的导湿区,织物层A的结构Ⅱ、凉感层B和底布层C的区域Ⅳ组合为软席面料的导热区。
上述导湿导热软席面料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)采用机织工艺织造出背面含有重复凹槽结构的织物层A,凹槽形状为圆柱体,高度约为0.25mm,底部面积约为20mm2,相临凹槽之间的间隔距离为5mm;
(2)将凉感材料凉感剂和粘合剂喷涂于织物层A背面,得到凉感层B;
(3)将底布层C覆盖于凉感层B上,凹槽对应的部分采用热粘合工艺,非凹槽对应的部分采用针刺固结工艺,得到导湿导热软席面料。
对比例1
与实施例1的区别在于,织物层A为普通织物,背面没有凹槽。
对比例2
与实施例1的区别在于,底布层C与凉感层全采用热粘合工艺连结。
本发明所制备的导湿导热软席面料从透气性、导热系数、接触凉感、透湿率和芯吸高度进行测试验证,具体测试方法为:
接触冷感的测试方法采用《GB/T 35263-2017纺织品接触瞬间凉感性能的检测和评价》,检测指标为接触瞬间凉感系数(J·cm-2·s-1),接触瞬间凉感系数数值>0.15,表明具有接触瞬间凉感性能,数值越大,则接触凉感效果越好。
导热性的测试方法采用《GB/T 11048-2008纺织品生理舒适性稳态条件下热阻和湿阻的测定》,检测指标为导热系数W/(m·℃),导热系数数值越大,则导热效果越好;
导湿性的测试方法采用《FZ/T 01071-2008纺织品毛细效应试验方法》,检测指标为芯吸高度(mm),芯吸高度值越大,则导湿性越好。
透气性的测试方法采用《GB/T 5453-1997纺织品织物透气性的测定》,检测指标为透气率(mm·s-1),透气率数值越大,则透气效果越好;
透湿性的测试方法采用《GB/T 12704.2-2009纺织品织物透湿性试验方法第2部分:蒸发法》,检测指标为透湿率g·(m2·24h)-1,透湿率数值越大,则透湿效果越好。
对实施例1-3和对比例1-2的接触冷感、导热系数、芯吸高度、透气率和透湿率进行测试,测试结果如表1所示。
表1实施例1-3和对比例1-2的性能测试结果表
性能 | 接触冷感 | 导热系数 | 芯吸高度 | 透气率 | 透湿率 |
实施例1 | 0.282 | 0.2115 | 46 | 115 | 5585 |
实施例2 | 0.405 | 0.2985 | 39 | 108 | 5312 |
实施例3 | 0.373 | 0.2729 | 31 | 100 | 4685 |
对比例1 | 0.196 | 0.1220 | 14 | 112 | 5454 |
对比例2 | 0.281 | 0.2092 | 44 | 45 | 3380 |
由表1可知,实施例1、实施例2和实施例3制得的软席面料触感清凉干爽,不闷汗,具有良好的导热性,综合效果性能好。
对比对比例1与实施例1,对比例1的织物层A采用普通织物,紧度与实施例1的结构Ⅰ的第一层面料相同,其透气率和透湿率与实施例1较为接近,但是对比例1的织物层A不具有导湿沟槽,芯吸高度值较低,导湿性不好,同时,导热区域结构较疏松,其背面不具有凹槽结构,使得凉感材料的负载量至少减少50%,软席面料的接触冷感和导热能力不如实施例1。
对比对比例2与实施例1,对比例2的底布层C与凉感层B全采用热粘合连结,导致其透气率和透湿率的测试结果比实施例1下降很多,采用粘合剂一定程度会使软席面料结构更稳定,但会影响软席面料结构通透性,阻碍热湿气传导,导致夏季使用出汗后湿气无法及时排除,舒适性差。
Claims (8)
1.一种导湿导热软席面料,包括织物层(A)、凉感层(B)和底布层(C),其特征在于,所述织物层(A)由结构(Ⅰ)和结构(Ⅱ)沿横向和纵向连续交替排列,所述结构(I)由三层织物构成,第一层织物为第一经纱与第一纬纱交织,第二层织物为第二纬纱的浮长线,第三层织物为第二经纱的浮长线,所述结构(Ⅱ)由第一经纱、第二经纱与第一纬纱交织,所述底布层(C)由区域(Ⅲ)和区域(Ⅳ)构成,所述织物层(A)的结构(I)和底布层(C)的区域(Ⅲ)组合为软席面料的导湿区,所述织物层(A)的结构(Ⅱ)、凉感层(B)和底布层(C)的区域(Ⅳ)组合为软席面料的导热区。
2.根据权利要求1所述的导湿导热软席面料,其特征在于,所述结构(Ⅰ)第一层织物组织结构为方平组织或变化方平组织。
3.根据权利要求1所述的导湿导热软席面料,其特征在于,所述第一经纱、第二经纱和第一纬纱为纱支40s/2-80s/2的棉纤维或再生纤维素纤维的短纤纱。
4.根据权利要求1所述的导湿导热软席面料,其特征在于,所述第二纬纱为纱支8s-12s的麻纤维纱线。
5.根据权利要求1所述导湿导热软席面料,其特征在于,所述底布层(C)为再生纤维素纤维无纺布,再生纤维素纤维选自莱赛尔纤维、莫代尔纤维和粘胶纤维中的一种。
6.一种权利要求1所述导湿导热软席面料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)采用机织工艺织造出背面含有重复凹槽结构的织物层(A);
(2)将凉感材料喷涂于织物层(A)背面,得到凉感层(B);
(3)将底布层(C)覆盖于凉感层(B)上,凹槽对应的部分采用热粘合工艺,非凹槽对应的部分采用针刺固结工艺,得到导湿导热软席面料。
7.根据权利要求6所述导湿导热软席面料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述凹槽结构的高度为0.25-0.35mm,底布面积为10-20mm2,相临凹槽之间的间隔距离为2-5mm。
8.根据权利要求6所述导湿导热软席面料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述凉感材料为凉感剂和粘合剂。
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