CN114161779A - Composite material and manufacturing method and application thereof - Google Patents

Composite material and manufacturing method and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114161779A
CN114161779A CN202111117285.3A CN202111117285A CN114161779A CN 114161779 A CN114161779 A CN 114161779A CN 202111117285 A CN202111117285 A CN 202111117285A CN 114161779 A CN114161779 A CN 114161779A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
materials
compounding
outer layer
composite material
layer material
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CN202111117285.3A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
李秀明
崔灵燕
李茹茹
刘夺奎
毕月姣
王清晨
王旭光
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Beijing Bw Hi Tech Special Textile Co ltd
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Beijing Bw Hi Tech Special Textile Co ltd
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Priority to CN202111117285.3A priority Critical patent/CN114161779A/en
Publication of CN114161779A publication Critical patent/CN114161779A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
    • A41D31/02—Layered materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
    • A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
    • A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
    • A41D31/06—Thermally protective, e.g. insulating
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
    • A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
    • A41D31/08—Heat resistant; Fire retardant
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
    • A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
    • A41D31/12—Hygroscopic; Water retaining
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
    • A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
    • A41D31/14—Air permeable, i.e. capable of being penetrated by gases
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
    • A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
    • A41D31/30—Antimicrobial, e.g. antibacterial
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A42—HEADWEAR
    • A42B—HATS; HEAD COVERINGS
    • A42B1/00—Hats; Caps; Hoods
    • A42B1/019—Hats; Caps; Hoods characterised by their material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B1/00—Footwear characterised by the material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
    • A45B—WALKING STICKS; UMBRELLAS; LADIES' OR LIKE FANS
    • A45B25/00—Details of umbrellas
    • A45B25/18—Covers; Means for fastening same
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/10—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the pressing technique, e.g. using action of vacuum or fluid pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/12—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by using adhesives
    • B32B37/1284—Application of adhesive
    • B32B37/1292—Application of adhesive selectively, e.g. in stripes, in patterns
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/06—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by a fibrous or filamentary layer mechanically connected, e.g. by needling to another layer, e.g. of fibres, of paper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • B32B7/14—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties applied in spaced arrangements, e.g. in stripes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H15/00—Tents or canopies, in general
    • E04H15/32—Parts, components, construction details, accessories, interior equipment, specially adapted for tents, e.g. guy-line equipment, skirts, thresholds
    • E04H15/54—Covers of tents or canopies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B2038/0052—Other operations not otherwise provided for
    • B32B2038/0056—Moistening
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B2038/0052—Other operations not otherwise provided for
    • B32B2038/0076—Curing, vulcanising, cross-linking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0292—Polyurethane fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/106—Carbon fibres, e.g. graphite fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/304—Insulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/306—Resistant to heat
    • B32B2307/3065—Flame resistant or retardant, fire resistant or retardant
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/714—Inert, i.e. inert to chemical degradation, corrosion
    • B32B2307/7145—Rot proof, resistant to bacteria, mildew, mould, fungi
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/726—Permeability to liquids, absorption
    • B32B2307/7265—Non-permeable

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a composite material and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) melting the PUR hot melt adhesive by utilizing the self heating function of the compound machine; (2) coating the molten hot melt adhesive on an outer layer material or a film material, and laminating the materials after the materials which are not glued and the materials which are glued are mutually covered by a pressing roller on a compound machine, wherein the materials can be fully compounded by the pressure applied to the materials by the pressing roller; (3) spraying moisture on the laminated material and rolling under a certain environmental condition to fully moisture-cure the material; the curing temperature is 18-30 ℃, and the curing humidity is 50-95%. The composite material has the advantages that the manufacturing method is simple, the problems of easy glue leakage and poor strength during the compounding of the breathable film are solved, the obtained composite material has multiple functions of breathability, moisture permeability, durability and the like, the protection effect is better, and the high-efficiency protection on harmful aerosol can be particularly realized.

Description

Composite material and manufacturing method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of new materials, in particular to a composite material and a manufacturing method and application thereof.
Background
In recent years, with the improvement of living standard of people, people have more and more requirements on complex functions of clothes, clothes and hats and the like, and the current clothes are not limited to the traditional warm-keeping function. On the basis of this, more and more special functional clothes such as protective clothing, thermal clothing, skin clothing, climbing clothing and the like are developed. The existing clothes generally have various defects of poor moisture permeability and air permeability, poor warm-keeping effect, poor windproof effect and the like.
In order to be able to produce composites with better moisture and air permeability, air permeable, moisture permeable film materials are often used, such as electrospun nanofiber films, air permeable PTFE films, and the like, are used. The membrane material has excellent moisture permeability and air permeability, but the excellent moisture permeability and air permeability are usually based on the premise of sacrificing mechanical properties, so the membrane material is very fragile. If the composite is carried out according to the conventional method, the membrane is broken, so that the safe filtration cannot be ensured; if the film is secured against damage, i.e., the toughness and durability of the composite material is increased, the moisture and air permeable properties of the film itself are substantially lost. Therefore, it is very difficult to compound the film material into a durable cloth with special functions.
Disclosure of Invention
The composite material has good air permeability and moisture permeability, excellent durability, a protection function and particularly can realize high-efficiency protection on harmful aerosol.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method of making a composite material comprising the steps of:
(1) melting the PUR hot melt adhesive by utilizing the self heating function of the compound machine; the temperature of the machine is 50-200 ℃;
(2) coating the molten hot melt adhesive on an outer layer material or a film material, and laminating the materials after the materials which are not glued and the materials which are glued are mutually covered by a pressing roller on a compound machine, wherein the materials can be fully compounded by the pressure applied to the materials by the pressing roller; the distance between the sizing roller and the rubber roller is 0.05-1cm, the compounding speed is 5-30min, and the loading pressure is 1-6 kg;
(3) spraying moisture on the laminated material and rolling under a certain environmental condition to fully moisture-cure the material; the curing temperature is 18-30 ℃, and the curing humidity is 50-95%.
Preferably, the preparation method further comprises:
(4) and (3) multi-layer compounding, namely continuously compounding the inner layer material and/or other materials on the basis of compounding in the step (3), wherein the compounding mode is the same as the steps (1) to (3).
Preferably, the method further comprises the step of pretreating the membrane material and/or the outer layer material before the step (1).
Preferably, the pretreatment of the membrane material refers to the preheating treatment of the membrane material, wherein the heat drying temperature of the preheating treatment is 100-160 ℃, the preferred heat drying temperature is 130-160 ℃, the vehicle speed is 15-25m/min, and the preferred vehicle speed is 18-20 m/min.
Preferably, the pretreatment of the outer layer material comprises preheating and/or physical pretreatment of the outer layer material, wherein the heat drying temperature of the preheating treatment is 100-160 ℃, the preferred heat drying temperature is 130-160 ℃, the vehicle speed is 15-25m/min, and the preferred vehicle speed is 18-20 m/min; the physical pretreatment refers to roughening, corona or plasma treatment of the outer layer material, wherein the number of the abrasive cloth during roughening is 100-150 meshes, and the rotating speed of the abrasive wheel is 800-1000 rpm; the corona treatment voltage is 8-12V, and the treatment time is 5-10 s; the dyne value of the processed material is controlled to be 30-60dyn/cm during plasma processing.
Preferably, the preferable machine temperature in the step (1) is 70-180 ℃, more preferably 110 ℃; the distance between the preferable sizing roller and the rubber roller in the step (2) is 0.06-0.6cm, and more preferably 0.1 cm; the preferred compounding speed is 10-28m/min, more preferably 25 m/min; the preferable upper machine pressure is 1.5-5.5kg, and the more preferable upper machine pressure is 4 kg; in the step (3), the curing temperature is preferably 20 to 27 ℃ and the curing humidity is 60 to 90%, more preferably 25 ℃ and the curing humidity is 65%.
Preferably, the hot melt adhesive is compounded in a spot coating mode, the gluing amount is 3-20g, the preferred gluing amount is 5-18g, the more preferred gluing amount is 15g, and the glue spot density is 50-160/cm2The preferred glue dot density is 60-150 dots/cm2More preferably 75/cm2(ii) a The adhesive penetrates 2/3 the total thickness of the layer of material.
When the composite material is prepared by compounding two materials, the two materials comprise an outer layer material and a film material, and the outer layer material is a woven fabric, a knitted fabric or a non-woven fabric; the membrane material is a breathable membrane, preferably an electrostatic spinning nanofiber membrane; the outer layer material and the film material are adhesively joined by an adhesive; when the composite material is three layers, the composite material also comprises an inner layer material, the inner layer material is a knitted fabric, a non-woven fabric or a woven fabric, and the inner layer material and the film material are bonded and connected through an adhesive; when the composite material is a multilayer material, the composite material also comprises other materials, wherein the other materials comprise a waterproof material, a windproof material, a poison-proof material, a heat-insulating material or a moisture-proof material, and the other materials are bonded with the outer layer material, the film material or the inner layer material through an adhesive or connected through sewing threads; when the material is an anti-virus material, the anti-virus fabric is a high-adsorbability material and comprises a carbon-doped fiber fabric, an activated carbon fiber fabric or a spherical carbon material.
Preferably, the outer layer material is a fabric with a waterproof function, an oil-proof function, an antibacterial function, a camouflage function and a flame retardant function; the inner layer material is a fabric with waterproof function, oil-proof function, antibacterial function, moisture absorption and quick drying function and flame retardant function.
Preferably, the compounding is point compounding, and the adhesive is a solvent volatile, emulsion, reactive or hot melt adhesive; when the adhesive is a hot melt type, the adhesive is a thermosetting PUR hot melt adhesive; when the adhesive is solvent volatilizable, the adhesive is polyurethane; the membrane material is a pretreated membrane material, and the outer layer material is a pretreated outer layer material.
The application of the composite material is used for preparing clothes, tents, umbrella silk, shoes and hats and outer packages, wherein the clothes are thermal clothes, protective clothes, gas protection chemical clothes, windproof clothes and outdoor clothes; the tent is a military tent and a medical tent.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the composite material has the advantages of simple preparation method, capability of overcoming the problems of easy glue leakage and poor strength during the compounding of the breathable film, multiple functions of ventilation, moisture permeability, durability and the like, better protection effect and capability of realizing the high-efficiency protection of harmful aerosol. The material can endow the composite material with the functions of water resistance, oil resistance, antibiosis, camouflage, flame retardance and the like through some functional finishing; and the material can be compounded with other materials for use, so that the whole material has the functions of gas defense, warm keeping, heat insulation, wind prevention and the like.
Detailed Description
Specific examples of the invention are described in detail below to facilitate a further understanding of the invention.
All experimental procedures used in the following examples are conventional unless otherwise specified. Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
The properties of the composite material are mainly determined by the following factors: (1) materials: in particular, the film material can determine the final properties of the composite, such as breathability, etc. (2) Sizing amount: high sizing amount, excellent washing fastness and the like, but poor air permeability and moisture permeability. (3) Glue point density: high density of glue dots, excellent washing fastness and the like, but poor air permeability and moisture permeability. (4) And (3) loading temperature: the temperature of the machine is high, the viscosity of the adhesive is smaller, and the permeation quantity is higher (the permeation quantity is high, the air permeability is poor, but the fastness is facilitated to a certain degree). (5) And (3) loading pressure: the machine pressure is high, the viscosity of the adhesive is smaller, and the permeation quantity is higher (the permeation quantity is high, the air permeability is poor, but the fastness is facilitated to a certain degree). (6) Curing environment: affecting the fastness.
The composite material performance parameters obtained in the following examples and comparative examples are used as examples to explain the composite method of the present invention.
Example 1
A method of making a composite material comprising the steps of:
(1) melting the PUR hot melt adhesive by utilizing the self heating function of the compound machine, and feeding the machine at the temperature of 50 ℃;
(2) coating the melted hot melt adhesive on an outer layer material (woven fabric) or a film material (PU film) according to a spot coating mode, and laminating the materials after the materials which are not glued and the materials which are glued are mutually covered by a press roller on a compound machine, wherein the materials can be fully compounded by the pressure applied to the materials by the press roller; the distance between the sizing roller and the rubber roller is 0.05cm, the compounding speed is 5m/min, the loading pressure is 1kg, the sizing amount is 3g, and the glue dot density is 50/cm2；
(3) Spraying moisture on the laminated material and rolling under a certain environmental condition to fully moisture-cure the material; the curing temperature was 18 ℃ and the curing humidity was 50%.
Example 2
A method of making a composite material comprising the steps of:
(1) melting the PUR hot melt adhesive by utilizing the self heating function of the compound machine, and feeding the machine at the temperature of 200 ℃;
(2) coating the melted hot melt adhesive on an outer layer material (woven fabric) or a film material (PI film) according to a spot coating mode, and laminating the materials after the materials which are not glued and the materials which are glued are mutually covered by a press roll on a compound machine, wherein the materials can be fully compounded by the pressure applied to the materials by the press roll; the distance between the gluing roller and the rubber roller is 1cm, the compounding speed is 30m/min, the loading pressure is 6kg, the gluing amount is 20g, and the glue dot density is 160/cm2；
(3) Spraying moisture on the laminated material and rolling under a certain environmental condition to fully moisture-cure the material; the curing temperature is 30 ℃, and the curing humidity is 95%;
(4) and (3) multi-layer compounding, namely continuously compounding the inner layer material (knitted fabric) on the basis of compounding in the step (3), wherein the compounding mode is the same as that of the step (1) to the step (3).
Example 3
A method of making a composite material comprising the steps of:
(1) melting the PUR hot melt adhesive by utilizing the self heating function of the compound machine, and feeding the machine at the temperature of 70 ℃;
(2) coating the melted hot melt adhesive on an outer layer material (non-woven fabric) or a film material (PI film) according to a spot coating mode, and laminating the materials after the materials which are not glued and the materials which are glued are mutually covered by a press roller on a compound machine, wherein the materials can be fully compounded by the pressure applied to the materials by the press roller; the distance between the sizing roller and the rubber roller is 0.06cm, the compounding speed is 10min, the loading pressure is 1.5kg, the sizing amount is 5g, and the glue dot density is 60/cm2；
(3) Spraying moisture on the laminated material and rolling under a certain environmental condition to fully moisture-cure the material; the curing temperature was 20 ℃ and the curing humidity was 60%.
Referring to table 1, it can be seen that in example 3, compared to example 2, the same PI film was used, and the values of various factors were adjusted, so that the air permeability was significantly increased without compounding the inner layer material, and the number of times of water washing resistance was significantly decreased.
Example 4
A method of making a composite material comprising the steps of:
(1) melting the PUR hot melt adhesive by utilizing the self heating function of the compound machine, and processing at the temperature of 180 ℃;
(2) coating the melted hot melt adhesive on an outer layer material (knitted fabric) or a film material (PI film) according to a spot coating mode, and laminating the materials after the materials which are not glued and the materials which are glued are mutually covered by a press roller on a compound machine, wherein the materials can be fully compounded by the pressure applied to the materials by the press roller; the distance between the sizing roller and the rubber roller is 0.6cm, the compounding speed is 28min, the loading pressure is 5.5kg, the sizing amount is 18g, and the glue dot density is 150/cm2；
(3) Spraying moisture on the laminated material and rolling under a certain environmental condition to fully moisture-cure the material; the curing temperature is 27 ℃, and the curing humidity is 90%;
(4) and (3) multi-layer compounding, namely continuously compounding the inner layer material (woven fabric) on the basis of compounding in the step (3), wherein the compounding mode is the same as that from the step (1) to the step (3).
In example 4, compared with example 2, the processing parameters are different, and the step of compounding the inner layer material is added after the composite membrane, as can be seen from table 1, the method can ensure that the durability of the composite material is excellent on the premise of ensuring that the air permeability and moisture permeability are not greatly reduced.
Example 5
A method of making a composite material comprising the steps of:
(1) melting the PUR hot melt adhesive by utilizing the self heating function of the compound machine, and processing at the temperature of 110 ℃;
(2) coating the melted hot melt adhesive on an outer layer material (woven fabric) or a film material (PU film) according to a spot coating mode, and laminating the materials after the materials which are not glued and the materials which are glued are mutually covered by a press roller on a compound machine, wherein the materials can be fully compounded by the pressure applied to the materials by the press roller; the distance between the sizing roller and the rubber roller is 0.1cm, the compounding speed is 25min, the loading pressure is 4kg, the sizing amount is 15g, and the glue dot density is 75/cm2；
(3) Spraying moisture on the laminated material and rolling under a certain environmental condition to fully moisture-cure the material; the curing temperature is 25 ℃, and the curing humidity is 65%;
(4) and (3) multi-layer compounding, namely continuously compounding the inner layer material (woven fabric) and other materials (thermal materials) on the basis of compounding in the step (3), wherein the compounding mode is the same as that from the step (1) to the step (3).
Example 6
A method of making a composite material comprising the steps of:
(1) discharging the membrane material (PU membrane) in coordination with the winding speed;
(2) coating the adhesive on the membrane material in a dot or net form, covering the unsized material (knitted fabric) and the sized material with each other, and then pressing the materials by using a composite roller;
(3) and (5) feeding the compounded material into an oven for drying.
Wherein the composite pressure in the step (2) is 120-300kpa, and the preferred composite pressure is 130-250 kpa; the drying temperature in the step (3) is 70-120 ℃, and the preferred drying temperature is 90-100 ℃.
Example 7
(0) Pretreatment of the outer layer material (woven fabric):
preheating the outer layer material: comprises the steps of carrying out preheating treatment and/or physical pretreatment on an outer layer material;
the heat drying temperature of the preheating treatment is 130-160 ℃, and the vehicle speed is 18-20 m/min; the physical pretreatment refers to roughening, corona or plasma treatment of the outer layer material, wherein the number of the abrasive cloth during roughening is 100-150 meshes, and the rotating speed of the abrasive wheel is 800-1000 rpm; the corona treatment voltage is 8-12V, and the treatment time is 5-10 s; controlling the dyne value range of the processed material to be 30-60dyn/cm during plasma processing;
(1) melting the PUR hot melt adhesive by utilizing the self heating function of the compound machine; the temperature of the machine is 110 ℃;
(2) coating the molten hot melt adhesive on the outer layer material or the film material (PI film) in a spot coating manner, covering the un-glued material and the glued material with each other, and passing through a compounding machineLaminating by a compression roller, wherein the compression roller applies pressure to the materials to enable the materials to be fully compounded; the distance between the sizing roller and the rubber roller is 0.1cm, the compounding speed is 25min, the loading pressure is 4kg, the sizing amount is 15g, and the glue dot density is 75/cm2；
(3) Spraying moisture on the laminated material and rolling under a certain environmental condition to fully moisture-cure the material; the curing temperature is 25 ℃, and the curing humidity is 65%;
(4) and (3) multi-layer compounding, namely continuously compounding the inner layer material (woven fabric) on the basis of compounding in the step (3), wherein the compounding mode is the same as that from the step (1) to the step (3).
Example 8
A method of making a composite material comprising the steps of:
(0) carrying out preheating treatment on a membrane material (PI membrane); the heat drying temperature of the preheating treatment is 130-160 ℃, and the vehicle speed is 18-20 m/min;
(1) melting the PUR hot melt adhesive by utilizing the self heating function of the compound machine; the temperature of the machine is 110 ℃;
(2) coating the melted hot melt adhesive on an outer layer material (woven fabric) or a film material in a spot coating mode, and laminating the materials after the materials which are not glued and the materials which are glued are mutually covered by a press roller on a compound machine, wherein the materials can be fully compounded by the pressure applied to the materials by the press roller; the distance between the sizing roller and the rubber roller is 0.1cm, the compounding speed is 25min, the loading pressure is 4kg, the sizing amount is 15g, and the glue dot density is 75/cm2；
(3) Spraying moisture on the laminated material and rolling under a certain environmental condition to fully moisture-cure the material; the curing temperature is 25 ℃, and the curing humidity is 65%;
(4) and (3) multi-layer compounding, namely continuously compounding the inner layer material (woven fabric) on the basis of compounding in the step (3), wherein the compounding mode is the same as that from the step (1) to the step (3).
As is clear from table 1, the durability was significantly improved without affecting the air and moisture permeability by subjecting the film material (PI film) to a preheating treatment.
Example 9
(0) Pretreating a membrane material (PI membrane) and an outer layer material (woven fabric):
preheating a membrane material: the heat drying temperature of the preheating treatment is 130-160 ℃, and the vehicle speed is 18-20 m/min;
preheating the outer layer material: comprises the steps of carrying out preheating treatment and/or physical pretreatment on an outer layer material;
the heat drying temperature of the preheating treatment is 130-160 ℃, and the vehicle speed is 18-20 m/min; the physical pretreatment refers to roughening, corona or plasma treatment of the outer layer material, wherein the number of the abrasive cloth during roughening is 100-150 meshes, and the rotating speed of the abrasive wheel is 800-1000 rpm; the corona treatment voltage is 8-12V, and the treatment time is 5-10 s; controlling the dyne value range of the processed material to be 30-60dyn/cm during plasma processing;
(1) melting the PUR hot melt adhesive by utilizing the self heating function of the compound machine; the temperature of the machine is 110 ℃;
(2) coating the molten hot melt adhesive on an outer layer material or a film material in a spot coating manner, so that the non-rubberized material and the rubberized material are mutually covered, and then laminating by a pressing roller on a compound machine, wherein the material can be fully compounded by the pressure applied to the material by the pressing roller; the distance between the sizing roller and the rubber roller is 0.1cm, the compounding speed is 25min, the loading pressure is 4kg, the sizing amount is 15g, and the glue dot density is 75/cm2；
(3) Spraying moisture on the laminated material and rolling under a certain environmental condition to fully moisture-cure the material; the curing temperature is 25 ℃, and the curing humidity is 65%;
example 10
A method of making a composite material comprising the steps of:
(0) preheating the outer layer material (woven fabric): comprises the steps of carrying out preheating treatment and/or physical pretreatment on an outer layer material;
the heat drying temperature of the preheating treatment is 130-160 ℃, and the vehicle speed is 18-20 m/min; the physical pretreatment refers to roughening, corona or plasma treatment of the outer layer material, wherein the number of the abrasive cloth during roughening is 100-150 meshes, and the rotating speed of the abrasive wheel is 800-1000 rpm; the corona treatment voltage is 8-12V, and the treatment time is 5-10 s; controlling the dyne value range of the processed material to be 30-60dyn/cm during plasma processing;
(1) melting the PUR hot melt adhesive by utilizing the self heating function of the compound machine; the temperature of the machine is 110 ℃;
(2) coating the melted hot melt adhesive on an outer layer material or a film material (PU film) in a spot coating mode, and laminating the materials after the materials which are not glued and the materials which are glued are mutually covered by a press roller on a compound machine, wherein the materials can be fully compounded by the pressure applied to the materials by the press roller; the distance between the sizing roller and the rubber roller is 0.1cm, the compounding speed is 25min, the loading pressure is 4kg, the sizing amount is 15g, and the glue dot density is 75/cm2；
(3) Spraying moisture on the laminated material and rolling under a certain environmental condition to fully moisture-cure the material; the curing temperature was 25 ℃ and the curing humidity was 65%.
Example 11
A method of making a composite material comprising the steps of:
(0) carrying out preheating treatment on a membrane material (PI membrane); the heat drying temperature of the preheating treatment is 130-160 ℃, and the vehicle speed is 18-20 m/min;
(1) melting the PUR hot melt adhesive by utilizing the self heating function of the compound machine; the temperature of the machine is 110 ℃;
(2) coating the melted hot melt adhesive on an outer layer material (woven fabric) or a film material in a spot coating mode, and laminating the materials after the materials which are not glued and the materials which are glued are mutually covered by a press roller on a compound machine, wherein the materials can be fully compounded by the pressure applied to the materials by the press roller; the distance between the sizing roller and the rubber roller is 0.1cm, the compounding speed is 25min, the loading pressure is 4kg, the sizing amount is 15g, and the glue dot density is 75/cm2；
(3) Spraying moisture on the laminated material and rolling under a certain environmental condition to fully moisture-cure the material; the curing temperature is 25 ℃, and the curing humidity is 65%;
example 12
(0) Pretreating a membrane material (PI membrane) and an outer layer material (woven fabric):
preheating a membrane material: the heat drying temperature of the preheating treatment is 130-160 ℃, and the vehicle speed is 18-20 m/min;
preheating the outer layer material: comprises the steps of carrying out preheating treatment and/or physical pretreatment on an outer layer material;
the heat drying temperature of the preheating treatment is 130-160 ℃, and the vehicle speed is 18-20 m/min; the physical pretreatment refers to roughening, corona or plasma treatment of the outer layer material, wherein the number of the abrasive cloth during roughening is 100-150 meshes, and the rotating speed of the abrasive wheel is 800-1000 rpm; the corona treatment voltage is 8-12V, and the treatment time is 5-10 s; controlling the dyne value range of the processed material to be 30-60dyn/cm during plasma processing;
(1) melting the PUR hot melt adhesive by utilizing the self heating function of the compound machine; the temperature of the machine is 110 ℃;
(2) coating the molten hot melt adhesive on an outer layer material or a film material in a spot coating manner, so that the non-rubberized material and the rubberized material are mutually covered, and then laminating by a pressing roller on a compound machine, wherein the material can be fully compounded by the pressure applied to the material by the pressing roller; the distance between the sizing roller and the rubber roller is 0.1cm, the compounding speed is 25min, the loading pressure is 4kg, the sizing amount is 15g, and the glue dot density is 75/cm2；
(3) Spraying moisture on the laminated material and rolling under a certain environmental condition to fully moisture-cure the material; the curing temperature is 25 ℃, and the curing humidity is 65%;
(4) and (3) multi-layer compounding, namely continuously compounding an inner layer material (woven fabric) and other materials (anti-virus materials) on the basis of compounding in the step (3), wherein the compounding mode is the same as that from the step (1) to the step (3).
Comparative example 1
A method of making a composite material comprising the steps of:
(1) melting the PUR hot melt adhesive by utilizing the self heating function of the compound machine, and processing at the temperature of 110 ℃;
(2) coating the molten hot melt adhesive on the outer layer material (woven fabric) or film material (PI film) in a spot coating manner, covering the un-glued material and the glued material, and passing through a compounding machineThe pressing roller is used for laminating, and the pressing force applied to the materials by the pressing roller can enable the materials to be fully compounded; the distance between the sizing roller and the rubber roller is 0.04cm, the compounding speed is 25min, the loading pressure is 4kg, the sizing amount is 15g, and the glue dot density is 75/cm2；
(3) Spraying moisture on the laminated material and rolling under a certain environmental condition to fully moisture-cure the material; the curing temperature is 25 ℃, and the curing humidity is 65%;
(4) and (3) multi-layer compounding, namely continuously compounding the inner layer material (woven fabric) and other materials (thermal materials) on the basis of compounding in the step (3), wherein the compounding mode is the same as that from the step (1) to the step (3).
Comparative example 2
A method of making a composite material comprising the steps of:
(1) melting the PUR hot melt adhesive by utilizing the self heating function of the compound machine, and feeding the PUR hot melt adhesive at the temperature of 210 ℃;
(2) coating the molten hot melt adhesive on an outer layer material (woven fabric) or a film material (PI film) according to the spot coating mode, and laminating the materials after the materials which are not glued and the materials which are glued are mutually covered by a press roll on a compound machine, wherein the materials can be fully compounded by the pressure applied to the materials by the press roll; the distance between the sizing roller and the rubber roller is 0.1cm, the compounding speed is 25min, the loading pressure is 4kg, the sizing amount is 15g, and the glue dot density is 75/cm2；
(3) Spraying moisture on the laminated material and rolling under a certain environmental condition to fully moisture-cure the material; the curing temperature is 25 ℃, and the curing humidity is 65%;
(4) and (3) multi-layer compounding, namely continuously compounding the inner layer material (woven fabric) and other materials (thermal materials) on the basis of compounding in the step (3), wherein the compounding mode is the same as that from the step (1) to the step (3).
Comparative example 3
A method of making a composite material comprising the steps of:
(1) melting the PUR hot melt adhesive by utilizing the self heating function of the compound machine, and processing at the temperature of 110 ℃;
(2) pressing the molten hot melt adhesiveCoating on an outer layer material (woven fabric) or a film material (PI film) in a spot coating mode, and laminating by a pressing roller on a compound machine after mutually covering the unsized material and the sized material, wherein the pressing roller applies pressure to the material to fully compound the material; the distance between the sizing roller and the rubber roller is 0.1cm, the compounding speed is 25min, the loading pressure is 4kg, the sizing amount is 2g, and the glue dot density is 75/cm2；
(3) Spraying moisture on the laminated material and rolling under a certain environmental condition to fully moisture-cure the material; the curing temperature is 25 ℃, and the curing humidity is 65%;
(4) and (3) multi-layer compounding, namely continuously compounding the inner layer material (woven fabric) and other materials (thermal materials) on the basis of compounding in the step (3), wherein the compounding mode is the same as that from the step (1) to the step (3).
From the effects of the above 3 comparative examples, it can be seen that the selection of melting temperature, size roll-to-roll spacing, compounding speed, on-machine pressure, size amount and dot density results in a large variation in performance.
Comparative example 4
A method of making a composite material comprising the steps of:
(1) melting the PUR hot melt adhesive by utilizing the self heating function of the compound machine, and processing at the temperature of 110 ℃;
(2) coating the melted hot melt adhesive on an outer layer material (woven fabric) or a film material (PTFE film, Gole film) in a spot coating mode, and laminating the materials after the materials which are not glued and the materials which are glued are mutually covered by a press roller on a compound machine, wherein the materials can be fully compounded by the pressure applied to the materials by the press roller; the distance between the sizing roller and the rubber roller is 0.1cm, the compounding speed is 25min, the loading pressure is 4kg, the sizing amount is 15g, and the glue dot density is 75/cm2；
(3) Spraying moisture on the laminated material and rolling under a certain environmental condition to fully moisture-cure the material; the curing temperature is 25 ℃, and the curing humidity is 65%;
(4) and (3) multi-layer compounding, namely continuously compounding the inner layer material (woven fabric) and other materials (thermal materials) on the basis of compounding in the step (3), wherein the compounding mode is the same as that from the step (1) to the step (3).
Comparative example 5
A method of making a composite material comprising the steps of:
(1) melting the PUR hot melt adhesive by utilizing the self heating function of the compound machine, and processing at the temperature of 110 ℃;
(2) coating the melted hot melt adhesive on an outer layer material (woven fabric) or a film material (PE film) according to a spot coating mode, and laminating the materials after the materials which are not glued and the materials which are glued are mutually covered by a press roller on a compound machine, wherein the materials can be fully compounded by the pressure applied to the materials by the press roller; the distance between the sizing roller and the rubber roller is 0.1cm, the compounding speed is 25min, the loading pressure is 4kg, the sizing amount is 15g, and the glue dot density is 75/cm2；
(3) Spraying moisture on the laminated material and rolling under a certain environmental condition to fully moisture-cure the material; the curing temperature is 25 ℃, and the curing humidity is 65%;
(4) and (3) multi-layer compounding, namely continuously compounding the inner layer material (woven fabric) and other materials (thermal materials) on the basis of compounding in the step (3), wherein the compounding mode is the same as that from the step (1) to the step (3).
Comparative example 6
A method of making a composite material comprising the steps of:
(1) melting the PUR hot melt adhesive by utilizing the self heating function of the compound machine, and processing at the temperature of 110 ℃;
(2) coating the melted hot melt adhesive on an outer layer material (woven fabric) or a film material (breathable PTFE film) in a spot coating manner, and laminating the materials after the materials which are not glued and the materials which are glued are mutually covered by a press roller on a compound machine, wherein the materials can be fully compounded by the pressure applied to the materials by the press roller; the distance between the sizing roller and the rubber roller is 0.1cm, the compounding speed is 25min, the loading pressure is 4kg, the sizing amount is 15g, and the glue dot density is 75/cm2；
(3) Spraying moisture on the laminated material and rolling under a certain environmental condition to fully moisture-cure the material; the curing temperature is 25 ℃, and the curing humidity is 65%;
(4) and (3) multi-layer compounding, namely continuously compounding the inner layer material (woven fabric) and other materials (thermal materials) on the basis of compounding in the step (3), wherein the compounding mode is the same as that from the step (1) to the step (3).
Evaluation of the effects:
(1) the influence of different processes on the performance of the composite material is evaluated, and the evaluation results are shown in Table 1
TABLE 1 evaluation of effects
Numbering Air permeability, mm/s Moisture permeability, g/(m)2·24h) The filtration efficiency after washing% Durable washing with water
Example 1 75 9200 93 10
Example 2 40 8310 96 32
Example 3 71 8920 93 21
Example 4 46 8510 95 32
Example 5 73 9150 98 33
Example 6 52 8200 93 30
Example 7 73 9150 97 38
Example 8 72 9130 97 39
Example 9 71 9120 97 40
Example 10 73 9010 96 39
Example 11 74 9040 97 39
Example 12 70 9020 98 41
Comparative example 1 31 7410 93 39
Comparative example 2 29 7280 92 40
Comparative example 3 71 9310 90 3
Comparative example 4 0 8110 98 31
Comparative example 5 0 7980 97 31
Comparative example 6 68 8590 60 5
Since the film material (electrospun PI film or electrospun PU film) used is a multilayer material, the amount of the adhesive permeating into the film material is strictly controlled in order to ensure the composite fastness and the durability (including washing resistance, rubbing resistance, flexing resistance, etc.). Typically ensuring that the adhesive penetrates about 2/3 of the total thickness of the film material.
An adhesive permeable membrane material having a total thickness of about 2/3 provides a compromise between durability (including resistance to washing, rubbing, flexing, etc.) and comfort (including breathability, moisture vapor transmission).
The composite material adopts the electrostatic spinning membrane, and compared with common membrane materials (PTFE gore membranes and the like) in the market, the composite material can simultaneously take account of the aerosol protective performance and the comfort (air permeability and moisture permeability). By combining the gluing amount, the glue point density, the on-machine temperature and pressure and the fixed telephone environment, the finally formed composite material is obviously superior to the existing material in moisture permeability, air permeability and filtering efficiency, and the manufacturing method is simple and easy to operate.
The composite material can be used for preparing clothes, tents, umbrella silk, shoes and hats and outer packages, wherein the clothes are thermal clothes, protective clothes, gas defense chemical clothes, windproof clothes, outdoor clothes and the like; the tent is a military tent, a medical tent and the like.
The composite material effectively solves the problem that comfort (ventilation, moisture permeability and softness) and protection (aerosol filtration efficiency) are contradictory by the use of the electrostatic spinning nanofiber membrane; and through a reasonable compounding process and compounding of the membrane material and other materials, the contradiction between durability (reusability) and comfort (air permeability, moisture permeability and softness) is solved.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited thereto, and various changes and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims (11)

1. A preparation method of a composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) melting the PUR hot melt adhesive by utilizing the self heating function of the compound machine; the temperature of the machine is 50-200 ℃;
(2) coating the molten hot melt adhesive on an outer layer material or a film material, and laminating the materials after the materials which are not glued and the materials which are glued are mutually covered by a pressing roller on a compound machine, wherein the materials can be fully compounded by the pressure applied to the materials by the pressing roller; the distance between the sizing roller and the rubber roller is 0.05-1cm, the compounding speed is 5-30min, and the loading pressure is 1-6 kg;
(3) spraying moisture on the laminated material and rolling under a certain environmental condition to fully moisture-cure the material; the curing temperature is 18-30 ℃, and the curing humidity is 50-95%.
2. The method of manufacturing a composite material according to claim 1, further comprising:
(4) and (3) multi-layer compounding, namely continuously compounding the inner layer material and/or other materials on the basis of compounding in the step (3), wherein the compounding mode is the same as the steps (1) to (3).
3. The method for preparing a composite material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the step (1) is preceded by a pretreatment of the membrane material and/or a pretreatment of the outer layer material.
4. The method for preparing the composite material according to claim 3, wherein the step of pretreating the membrane material is to preheat the membrane material, the preheating temperature is 100-160 ℃, the preferred heating temperature is 130-160 ℃, the vehicle speed is 15-25m/min, and the preferred vehicle speed is 18-20 m/min.
5. The method for preparing the composite material according to claim 3, wherein the pretreatment of the outer layer material comprises a preheating treatment and/or a physical pretreatment of the outer layer material, wherein the heat drying temperature of the preheating treatment is 100-; the physical pretreatment refers to roughening, corona or plasma treatment of the outer layer material, wherein the number of the abrasive cloth during roughening is 100-150 meshes, and the rotating speed of the abrasive wheel is 800-1000 rpm; the corona treatment voltage is 8-12V, and the treatment time is 5-10 s; the dyne value of the processed material is controlled to be 30-60dyn/cm during plasma processing.
6. A method for preparing a composite material according to claim 3, wherein the preferred machine temperature in step (1) is 70-180 ℃, more preferably 110 ℃; the distance between the preferable sizing roller and the rubber roller in the step (2) is 0.06-0.6cm, and more preferably 0.1 cm; the preferred compounding speed is 10-28m/min, more preferably 25 m/min; the preferable upper machine pressure is 1.5-5.5kg, and the more preferable upper machine pressure is 4 kg; in the step (3), the curing temperature is preferably 20 to 27 ℃ and the curing humidity is 60 to 90%, more preferably 25 ℃ and the curing humidity is 65%.
7. Composite material according to claim 1 or 2The preparation method is characterized in that the hot melt adhesive is compounded in a spot coating mode, the gluing amount is 3-20g, the preferred gluing amount is 5-18g, the more preferred gluing amount is 15g, and the glue spot density is 50-160/cm2The preferred glue dot density is 60-150 dots/cm2More preferably 75/cm2(ii) a The adhesive penetrates 2/3 the total thickness of the layer of material.
8. A composite material, characterized in that the composite material is prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 7, when the composite material is formed by compounding two materials, the two materials comprise an outer layer material and a film material, and the outer layer material is a woven fabric, a knitted fabric or a non-woven fabric; the membrane material is a breathable membrane material, preferably an electrostatic spinning nanofiber membrane; the outer layer material and the film material are adhesively joined by an adhesive; when the composite material is three layers, the composite material also comprises an inner layer material, the inner layer material is a knitted fabric, a non-woven fabric or a woven fabric, and the inner layer material and the film material are bonded and connected through an adhesive; when the composite material is a multilayer material, the composite material also comprises other materials, wherein the other materials comprise a waterproof material, a windproof material, a poison-proof material, a heat-insulating material or a moisture-proof material, and the other materials are bonded with the outer layer material, the film material or the inner layer material through an adhesive or connected through sewing threads; when the material is an anti-virus material, the anti-virus fabric is a high-adsorbability material and comprises a carbon-doped fiber fabric, an activated carbon fiber fabric or a spherical carbon material.
9. The composite material as claimed in claim 8, wherein the outer layer material is a fabric having a water-repellent function, an oil-repellent function, an antibacterial function, a camouflage function, and a flame retardant function; the inner layer material is a fabric with waterproof function, oil-proof function, antibacterial function, moisture absorption and quick drying function and flame retardant function.
10. Composite material according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that said composite is a point composite, the adhesive being a solvent-volatilizing, emulsion, reactive or hot-melt adhesive; when the adhesive is a hot melt type, the adhesive is a thermosetting PUR hot melt adhesive; when the adhesive is solvent volatilizable, the adhesive is polyurethane; the membrane material is a pretreated membrane material, and the outer layer material is a pretreated outer layer material.
11. Use of a composite according to claims 8-10 for the preparation of garments, tents, poplin, footwear and overwraps, said garments being thermal garments, protective garments, gas and chemical protective garments, wind protection garments, couches; the tent is a military tent and a medical tent.
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