CN111962211A - Method for preparing nanofiber medical protective clothing fabric based on electrostatic spinning technology - Google Patents
Method for preparing nanofiber medical protective clothing fabric based on electrostatic spinning technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN111962211A CN111962211A CN202010831324.5A CN202010831324A CN111962211A CN 111962211 A CN111962211 A CN 111962211A CN 202010831324 A CN202010831324 A CN 202010831324A CN 111962211 A CN111962211 A CN 111962211A
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
- D04H1/72—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged
- D04H1/728—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged by electro-spinning
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
- A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
- A41D31/26—Electrically protective, e.g. preventing static electricity or electric shock
- A41D31/265—Electrically protective, e.g. preventing static electricity or electric shock using layered materials
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
- A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
- A41D31/30—Antimicrobial, e.g. antibacterial
- A41D31/305—Antimicrobial, e.g. antibacterial using layered materials
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
- D01D5/0015—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material
- D01D5/003—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material the material being a polymer solution or dispersion
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
- D01D5/0061—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus
- D01D5/0076—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus characterised by the collecting device, e.g. drum, wheel, endless belt, plate or grid
- D01D5/0084—Coating by electro-spinning, i.e. the electro-spun fibres are not removed from the collecting device but remain integral with it, e.g. coating of prostheses
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/58—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products
- D01F6/70—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polyurethanes
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- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
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- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
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- D04H1/542—Adhesive fibres
- D04H1/544—Olefin series
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- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
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- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/542—Adhesive fibres
- D04H1/549—Polyamides
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- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/542—Adhesive fibres
- D04H1/55—Polyesters
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- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/542—Adhesive fibres
- D04H1/551—Resins thereof not provided for in groups D04H1/544 - D04H1/55
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- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/559—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving the fibres being within layered webs
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- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H13/00—Other non-woven fabrics
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- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
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- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/02—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
- D04H3/14—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic yarns or filaments produced by welding
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
- D04H3/14—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic yarns or filaments produced by welding
- D04H3/147—Composite yarns or filaments
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- D10B2401/00—Physical properties
- D10B2401/13—Physical properties anti-allergenic or anti-bacterial
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- D10B2501/00—Wearing apparel
- D10B2501/04—Outerwear; Protective garments
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a nano-fiber medical protective clothing fabric based on an electrostatic spinning technology, which takes textile fiber materials such as spun-bonded cloth or traditional fabrics as base cloth, utilizes the electrostatic spinning technology, combines doping and modification technology and long-acting electret technology to spray and cover nano-fiber films with different functionalities on the surface of the base cloth, and prepares the nano-fiber medical protective clothing fabric which integrates the functions of protection, comfort, antibiosis, antistatic property, heat conduction and the like and has both hot-wet comfort and protective safety. The invention mainly solves the problems of large filtration resistance, poor air permeability and poor comfort of the existing protective clothing fabric, and has the technical characteristics of simple manufacturing process, low cost, easy combination of functional finishing and the like. Compared with the traditional process for preparing the protective clothing fabric, such as compact textile fabric, coating and composite microporous membrane technology, the method disclosed by the invention omits the processes of spinning, weaving, coating and the like, greatly simplifies the process flow for forming the protective clothing fabric, and is easy for industrial production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of medical instruments, and relates to a method for preparing a nanofiber medical protective clothing fabric based on an electrostatic spinning technology.
Background
With the outbreak of new coronavirus epidemic situation, people have attracted high attention to medical protective textile materials. Among various protective fabrics, disposable medical protective clothing occupies a major share of the market due to the advantages of disposability, capability of avoiding cross infection and the like. The disposable medical protective clothing can effectively prevent aerosol, bacteria, viruses and the like from passing through, realizes the barrier effect on liquid, microorganisms and particles, and is an important guarantee for the safety of medical staff. Many organizations and scholars at home and abroad are dedicated to the research on improving the protective performance of the fabric, and the wearing comfort of the protective clothing is neglected. The nanofiber medical protective clothing prepared by the electrostatic spinning technology has excellent comfort and has important practical significance for current epidemic situation protection and daily life health.
The medical protective clothing is one type of chemical protective clothing, is mainly used for medical care personnel to wear, is a working clothing capable of effectively blocking microorganisms, blocking body fluid permeation and preventing disease infection, and the fabric of the medical protective clothing is the important factor for the strength of the protective performance of the protective clothing. In spite of all fiber fabrics in the market at present, the waterproof and liquid-blocking properties required by medical protection standards are difficult to achieve, so that the fabrics are inevitably subjected to composite lamination or coating finishing to improve the particle-blocking performance. The fabrics of medical protective clothing in China can be roughly divided into a plurality of high polymer coating fabrics, laminated non-woven fabrics (such as PU | TPU film composite materials, PTFE microporous film composite materials and the like) and SMS type multi-layer composite non-woven fabrics (such as polypropylene spun-melt-spun-bonded (SMS) non-woven fabrics, spun-bonded-waterproof moisture permeable film-spun-bonded (SFS) composite materials, SMMS, SSMMS and off-line composite SMS). The protective clothing fabrics prepared by the methods have a common problem that the clothing is poor in heat and humidity comfort and poor in air permeability, and brings physical discomfort to medical workers after being worn for a long time.
The electrostatic spinning technology is a method for forming a jet flow by using high-voltage electrostatic action on a polymer solution or a melt and further stretching and solidifying the jet flow in an electric field so as to obtain continuous micro-nano fibers. Electrostatic spinning has become one of the main approaches for preparing nanofiber materials due to the advantages of simple manufacturing device, low spinning cost, wide variety of spinnable substances, controllable process and the like. Compared with the traditional process for forming the protective fabric, such as compact textile fabric, coating and composite microporous membrane technology, the forming method of the invention omits the processes of spinning, weaving, coating and the like, greatly simplifies the process flow for forming the wearable protective fabric, and can form large-scale industrialization. The electrostatic spinning technology can be used for obtaining nano-scale fibers with the diameter of dozens or hundreds of nanometers, and the formed nano-fibers have the advantages of both nano materials and fiber materials, have the excellent characteristics of light weight, strong permeability, large specific surface area, high porosity, good internal pore continuity, controllable structure, easy doping function modification and the like, and are particularly suitable for being used as filter materials. The invention designs superfine nanofiber materials under the submicron scale based on the electrostatic spinning technology, combines the doping and modifying technology and the long-acting electret technology, prepares the nanofiber medical protective clothing which integrates the functions of protection, comfort, antibiosis, static resistance, heat conduction and the like and has both heat-humidity comfort and protection safety, and can be innovatively applied to the medical health industry.
The invention provides a method for preparing high-permeability nanofiber medical protective clothing by utilizing an electrostatic spinning technology, which is characterized in that a spun-bonded cloth or a traditional textile fabric and other textile fiber materials are used as a base cloth, the electrostatic spinning technology is utilized, a doping technology, a modification technology and a long-acting electret technology are combined to spray and cover different functional polymeric nanofiber membranes on the surface of the base cloth, and a proper hot-pressing technology is utilized to prepare the nanofiber medical protective clothing fabric which integrates the functions of permeability, protection, comfort, antibiosis, static resistance, heat conduction and the like and has both hot-wet comfort and protection safety.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for preparing a nano-fiber protective clothing fabric based on an electrostatic spinning technology, which aims at solving the problems in the prior art, and adopts the principle that a spun-bonded cloth or a traditional fabric and other textile fiber materials are used as a base cloth, the electrostatic spinning technology is utilized, a doping and modifying technology and a long-acting electret technology are combined, a polymer spinning solution is sprayed on the spun-bonded cloth or the traditional fabric with hot-melt fibers in a nano-fiber form through high-voltage static electricity, and the nano-fiber medical protective clothing fabric which integrates the functions of ventilation, protection, comfort, antibiosis, antistatic property, heat conduction and the like and has both hot-wet comfort property and protective safety property is obtained through hot-pressing compounding. The nano-fiber medical protective clothing fabric with different performances is obtained by adjusting spinning process parameters, the antistatic performance, the synthetic blood permeability, the liquid barrier performance, the mechanical property and the like of the obtained fabric are tested according to the national standard, the comfort of the fabric is compared, and the best electrostatic spinning nano-fiber medical protective clothing fabric is obtained by comparing the test results with the national standard requirements and various materials.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for preparing a nanofiber medical protective clothing fabric based on an electrostatic spinning technology comprises the following steps:
(1) adding hot melt adhesive powder into a solvent to prepare a hot melt adhesive spinning solution;
(2) receiving the hot melt adhesive spinning solution obtained in the step (1) by using base cloth through electrostatic spinning equipment, and performing electric spraying to obtain a hot melt adhesive net film;
(3) adding a polymer into a solvent to prepare an electrostatic spinning solution;
(4) the electrostatic spinning solution in the step (3) is received by the base cloth coated with the hot melt adhesive net film prepared in the step (2) through electrostatic spinning equipment, and spinning is carried out to obtain a two-layer composite fabric consisting of an electrostatic spinning nanofiber membrane and the base cloth;
(5) enabling the hot melt adhesive spinning solution obtained in the step (1) to pass through electrostatic spinning equipment, receiving the two layers of composite fabrics obtained in the step (4), and performing electric spraying;
(6) and (4) compounding the two layers of composite fabrics sprayed with the hot melt adhesive net film prepared in the step (5) with base cloth to obtain the fabrics for the electrostatic spinning nanofiber medical protective clothing.
Further, the hot melt adhesive powder in the step (1) is one or more of polyurethane (TPU), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), Polyamide (PA), LDPE (low density polyethylene), HDPE (high density polyethylene) or Polyester (PET); the mass concentration of the hot melt adhesive spinning solution in the step (1) is 10-25%.
Further, the base fabric comprises spunlace non-woven fabric, polypropylene spunbonded non-woven fabric, polyester spunbonded non-woven fabric, melt-blown non-woven fabric and terylene, acrylic or nylon.
Further, in the step (2), the mean diameter of the hot melt adhesive net film fiber is 58-98 nm, and the melting point is 40-150 degrees.
Further, the polymer in the step (3) comprises a functional mixed solution of fluorinated polyurethane, polyvinylidene fluoride, polylactic acid or doped hydrophobic agent and doped antibacterial agent; the mass concentration of the electrostatic spinning solution is 2-25%.
Further, the electrostatic spinning parameters in the steps (2), (4) and (5) are that the voltage is 1-100 KV, the distance from the nozzle to the receiving base cloth is 1-30 cm, the spinning speed is 1-80 mm/min, and the walking speed of the receiving base cloth is 1-40 mm/min.
Further, the compounding mode in the step (6) is preprocessing hot melt lamination or adhesive hot melt lamination.
The medical protective clothing fabric made by the method comprises an electrostatic spinning nanofiber membrane and base cloth positioned on two sides of the electrostatic spinning nanofiber membrane, wherein a hot melt adhesive net film is arranged between the electrostatic spinning nanofiber membrane and the base cloth, one side of the hot melt adhesive net film is adhered to the base cloth, and the other side of the hot melt adhesive net film is adhered to the electrostatic spinning nanofiber membrane under a composite condition.
Furthermore, the average diameter of the fibers of the hot melt adhesive net film is 58-98 nm, the melting point is 40-150 degrees, and the fibers and the crosslinking among the fiber layers construct a stable waterproof structure, so that a non-woven structure formed by randomly stacking the fibers is optimized.
Furthermore, the contact angle of the electrostatic spinning nanofiber membrane is 147-155 degrees, the fiber diameter is 1-1000nm, the pore diameter is small, and the porosity is high.
Compared with the existing method for preparing the medical protective clothing fabric, the method has the following advantages:
(1) according to the invention, the electrostatic spinning technology is utilized, the doping and modifying technology and the long-acting electret technology are combined to spray and cover the polymer nanofiber membranes with different functionalities on the surface of the base fabric, the multi-scale and multi-layer micro-nano fiber materials are integrated and integrated by combining the hot pressing technology, the problem of poor air permeability and comfort of the traditional protective clothing is solved based on the characteristics that the nanofiber has small diameter, small aperture, high porosity and easy functionalized doping, and the nanofiber medical protective clothing fabric which integrates the functions of ventilation, protection, comfort, antibiosis, antistatic property, heat conduction and the like and has both hot-wet comfort and protection safety is prepared.
(2) Compared with the traditional process for forming the protective fabric, such as compact textile fabric, coating and composite microporous membrane technology, the preparation method provided by the invention omits spinning, weaving, coating and other processes, greatly simplifies the process flow for forming the protective garment fabric, and is easy for industrial production.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of the fabric of the electrospun nanofiber medical protective clothing prepared in example 2.
Fig. 2 is a real object diagram of the electrospun nanofiber medical protective clothing fabric prepared in example 2.
FIG. 3 is a real object diagram of the electrospun nanofiber medical protective clothing fabric prepared in example 3.
FIG. 4 is an electron microscope image of the fabric of the electrospun nanofiber medical protective clothing prepared in example 3.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The method for preparing the nanofiber medical protective clothing fabric based on the electrostatic spinning technology comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving polyurethane hot melt adhesive powder in N, N-dimethylformamide, stirring at normal temperature for 3-4h, and preparing a hot melt adhesive spinning solution with the mass fraction of 18%;
(2) receiving the hot melt adhesive spinning solution obtained in the step (1) by using polypropylene spunbonded cloth through electrostatic spinning equipment, and performing electric spraying to obtain a hot melt adhesive net film; the gram weight of the polypropylene spunbonded fabric in square meter is 50g/m2The areal density of the hot melt adhesive web was 60g/m2(ii) a The electrostatic spinning parameters are that the voltage is 33-37KV, the distance from a nozzle to a receiving base fabric is 17-19cm, the spinning speed is 78-82mm/min, and the walking speed of the receiving base fabric is 28-32 mm/min;
(3) dissolving fluorine-containing polyurethane in a beaker of N, N-dimethylformamide, heating to 60 ℃, stirring for 3-4h, and preparing an electrostatic spinning solution of fluorine-containing polyurethane with the mass fraction of 14%;
(4) allowing the electrostatic spinning solution containing the fluorinated polyurethane in the step (3) to pass through electrostatic spinning equipment, receiving the polypropylene spun-bonded fabric sprayed with the hot melt adhesive net film in the step (2), and spinning to obtain a two-layer composite fabric containing the fluorinated polyurethane electrostatic spun nanofiber film; the electrostatic spinning parameters are that the voltage is 33-37KV, the distance from the nozzle to the receiving base cloth is 17-19cm, the spinning speed is 78-82mm/min, and the walking speed of the receiving base cloth is 28-32 mm/min.
(5) Enabling the hot melt adhesive spinning solution obtained in the step (1) to pass through electrostatic spinning equipment, receiving the two layers of composite fabrics obtained in the step (4), and performing electric spraying; the electrostatic spinning parameters are that the voltage is 33-37KV, the distance from the nozzle to the receiving base cloth is 17-19cm, the spinning speed is 78-82mm/min, and the walking speed of the receiving base cloth is 28-32 mm/min.
(6) And (3) carrying out hot-pressing compounding on the two-layer composite fabric prepared in the step (5) and the polypropylene spunbonded fabric under the conditions that the hot-pressing temperature is 130-140 ℃ and the hot-pressing speed is 20-28m/min to obtain the electrostatic spinning nanofiber protective clothing fabric.
Example 2
The method for preparing the nanofiber medical protective clothing fabric based on the electrostatic spinning technology comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving polyurethane hot melt adhesive powder in N, N-dimethylformamide, stirring at normal temperature for 3-4h, and preparing a hot melt adhesive spinning solution with the mass fraction of 18%;
(2) receiving the hot melt adhesive spinning solution obtained in the step (1) by using polypropylene spunbonded cloth through electrostatic spinning equipment, and performing electric spraying to obtain a hot melt adhesive net film; the gram weight of the polypropylene spunbonded fabric in square meter is 50g/m2The areal density of the hot melt adhesive web was 60g/m2(ii) a The electrostatic spinning parameters are that the voltage is 35KV, the distance from a nozzle to the receiving base cloth is 18cm, the spinning speed is 80mm/min, and the walking speed of the receiving base cloth is 30 mm/min;
(3) dissolving polylactic acid in a beaker of formic acid, heating to 60 ℃, stirring for 3-4h, and preparing a polylactic acid electrostatic spinning solution with the mass fraction of 14%;
(4) allowing the polylactic acid electrostatic spinning solution obtained in the step (3) to pass through electrostatic spinning equipment, receiving the polypropylene spun-bonded fabric sprayed with the hot melt adhesive net film obtained in the step (2), and spinning to obtain a two-layer composite fabric containing the polylactic acid electrostatic spinning nanofiber film; the electrostatic spinning parameters are that the voltage is 35KV, the distance from a nozzle to the receiving base cloth is 18cm, the spinning speed is 80mm/min, and the walking speed of the receiving base cloth is 30 mm/min;
(5) enabling the hot melt adhesive spinning solution obtained in the step (1) to pass through electrostatic spinning equipment, receiving the two layers of composite fabrics obtained in the step (4), and performing electric spraying; the electrostatic spinning parameters are that the voltage is 35KV, the distance from a nozzle to the receiving base cloth is 18cm, the spinning speed is 80mm/min, and the walking speed of the receiving base cloth is 30 mm/min;
(6) and (3) carrying out hot-pressing compounding on the two-layer composite fabric prepared in the step (5) and polypropylene spunbonded fabric under the conditions that the hot-pressing temperature is 120 ℃ and the hot-pressing speed is 25m/min, thus obtaining the electrostatic spinning nanofiber protective clothing fabric.
As shown in figure 1, the nanofiber protective clothing fabric prepared based on the electrospinning technology is a composite structure consisting of a base fabric and an electrospun nanofiber membrane. As can be seen from fig. 2, the fabric for the electrostatic spinning nanofiber protective clothing, which is prepared by combining the electrostatic spinning technology with the doping and modifying technology and the long-acting electret technology, is well bonded after hot-pressing compounding, and the waterproofness of the composite fabric is greatly enhanced.
Example 3
The method for preparing the nanofiber medical protective clothing fabric based on the electrostatic spinning technology comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving polyurethane hot melt adhesive powder in N, N-dimethylformamide, stirring at normal temperature for 3-4h, and preparing a hot melt adhesive spinning solution with the mass fraction of 18%;
(2) allowing the hot melt adhesive spinning solution obtained in the step (1) to pass through an electrostatic spinning device, receiving by using spunlace cloth, and performing electric spraying to obtain a hot melt adhesive net film; the gram weight of the spunlace fabric in square meter is 50g/m2The areal density of the hot melt adhesive web was 60g/m2(ii) a The electrostatic spinning parameters are that the voltage is 35KV, the distance from a nozzle to the receiving base cloth is 18cm, the spinning speed is 80mm/min, and the walking speed of the receiving base cloth is 30 mm/min;
(3) dissolving polylactic acid in a beaker of formic acid, heating to 60 ℃, stirring for 3-4h, and preparing a polylactic acid electrostatic spinning solution with the mass fraction of 14%;
(4) allowing the polylactic acid electrostatic spinning solution obtained in the step (3) to pass through electrostatic spinning equipment, receiving by the spunlace fabric sprayed with the hot melt adhesive net film obtained in the step (2), and spinning to obtain a two-layer composite fabric containing the polylactic acid electrostatic spinning nanofiber film; the electrostatic spinning parameters are that the voltage is 35KV, the distance from a nozzle to the receiving base cloth is 18cm, the spinning speed is 80mm/min, and the walking speed of the receiving base cloth is 30 mm/min;
(5) enabling the hot melt adhesive spinning solution obtained in the step (1) to pass through electrostatic spinning equipment, receiving the two layers of composite fabrics obtained in the step (4), and performing electric spraying; the electrostatic spinning parameters are that the voltage is 35KV, the distance from a nozzle to the receiving base cloth is 18cm, the spinning speed is 80mm/min, and the walking speed of the receiving base cloth is 30 mm/min;
(6) and (3) carrying out hot-pressing compounding on the two-layer composite fabric prepared in the step (5) and the spunlace fabric under the conditions that the hot-pressing temperature is 120 ℃ and the hot-pressing speed is 25m/min to obtain the fabric for the electrostatic spinning nanofiber protective clothing.
As can be seen from fig. 3, the electrospun nanofiber membrane is light and thin, has small pore diameter, large specific surface area, and good mechanical properties. As can be seen from FIG. 4, the electrospun nanofiber membrane is of a three-dimensional reticular and zigzag communication hole structure, has small aperture and high porosity, and provides a better path for the water resistance and the air permeability of the electrospun nanofiber protective clothing.
Example 4
The method for preparing the nanofiber medical protective clothing fabric based on the electrostatic spinning technology comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving polyurethane hot melt adhesive powder in N, N-dimethylformamide, stirring at normal temperature for 3-4h, and preparing a hot melt adhesive spinning solution with the mass fraction of 18%;
(2) receiving the hot melt adhesive spinning solution obtained in the step (1) by using polypropylene spunbonded cloth through electrostatic spinning equipment, and performing electric spraying to obtain a hot melt adhesive net film; the gram weight of the polypropylene spunbonded fabric in square meter is 50g/m2The areal density of the hot melt adhesive web was 60g/m2(ii) a The electrostatic spinning parameters are that the voltage is 35KV, the distance from a nozzle to the receiving base cloth is 18cm, the spinning speed is 80mm/min, and the walking speed of the receiving base cloth is 30 mm/min;
(3) dissolving polyvinylidene fluoride in a beaker of N, N-dimethylformamide, heating to 60 ℃, stirring for 3-4h, and preparing a polyvinylidene fluoride electrostatic spinning solution with the mass fraction of 14%;
(4) allowing the polyvinylidene fluoride electrostatic spinning solution obtained in the step (3) to pass through electrostatic spinning equipment, receiving the polypropylene spunbonded fabric sprayed with the hot melt adhesive net film obtained in the step (2), and spinning to obtain a two-layer composite fabric of the polyvinylidene fluoride electrostatic spinning nanofiber film; the electrostatic spinning parameters are that the voltage is 35KV, the distance from a nozzle to the receiving base cloth is 18cm, the spinning speed is 80mm/min, and the walking speed of the receiving base cloth is 30 mm/min;
(5) enabling the hot melt adhesive spinning solution obtained in the step (1) to pass through electrostatic spinning equipment, receiving the two layers of composite fabrics obtained in the step (4), and performing electric spraying; the electrostatic spinning parameters are that the voltage is 35KV, the distance from a nozzle to the receiving base cloth is 18cm, the spinning speed is 80mm/min, and the walking speed of the receiving base cloth is 30 mm/min;
(6) and (3) carrying out hot-pressing compounding on the two-layer composite fabric prepared in the step (5) and polypropylene spunbonded fabric under the conditions that the hot-pressing temperature is 120 ℃ and the hot-pressing speed is 25m/min to obtain the fabric for the electrostatic spinning nanofiber protective clothing.
Examples 1-4 the relevant performance indexes of the electrospun nanofiber protective clothing fabric are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 related Performance indices of protective clothing fabrics
The method for preparing the nanofiber protective clothing based on the electrostatic spinning technology, disclosed by the invention, has the technical characteristics of simple manufacturing process, low cost, easiness in combination with functional finishing and the like. Compared with the traditional process for manufacturing the protective clothing fabric, the process flow is greatly simplified, and the industrialization is easy. The preparation method of the invention is utilized to prepare the environment-friendly nanofiber protective clothing fabric which integrates the functions of protection, comfort, antibiosis, antistatic property, heat conduction and the like. The diameter of the fibers of the electrospun nanofiber membrane prepared by the preparation method is 1-1000nm, a stable waterproof structure is constructed by crosslinking among the fibers, the microporous structure of the nanofiber membrane is optimized, and the electrospun nanofiber membrane has the advantages of small pore diameter, high porosity and the like, can effectively block external viruses or pollution, and can timely discharge sweat and moisture generated by human body due to movement, so that the microenvironment of the human body is regulated and controlled to provide good comfort for the human body, the protection function and the heat-humidity comfort of the garment fabric are unified, and the electrospun nanofiber membrane can be innovatively applied to the medical and health industries.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and features of the present invention, together with the advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing a nanofiber medical protective clothing fabric based on an electrostatic spinning technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) adding hot melt adhesive powder into a solvent to prepare a hot melt adhesive spinning solution;
(2) receiving the hot melt adhesive spinning solution obtained in the step (1) by using base cloth through electrostatic spinning equipment, and performing electric spraying to obtain a hot melt adhesive net film;
(3) adding a polymer into a solvent to prepare an electrostatic spinning solution;
(4) the electrostatic spinning solution in the step (3) is received by the base cloth coated with the hot melt adhesive net film prepared in the step (2) through electrostatic spinning equipment, and spinning is carried out to obtain a two-layer composite fabric consisting of an electrostatic spinning nanofiber membrane and the base cloth;
(5) enabling the hot melt adhesive spinning solution obtained in the step (1) to pass through electrostatic spinning equipment, receiving the two layers of composite fabrics obtained in the step (4), and performing electric spraying;
(6) and (4) compounding the two layers of composite fabrics sprayed with the hot melt adhesive net film prepared in the step (5) with base cloth to obtain the fabrics for the electrostatic spinning nanofiber medical protective clothing.
2. The method for preparing the nanofiber medical protective clothing fabric based on the electrospinning technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the hot melt adhesive powder in the step (1) is one or more of polyurethane (TPU), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), Polyamide (PA), LDPE (low density polyethylene), HDPE (high density polyethylene) or Polyester (PET); the mass concentration of the hot melt adhesive spinning solution in the step (1) is 10-25%.
3. The method for preparing the nanofiber medical protective clothing fabric based on the electrospinning technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the base fabric comprises spunlace non-woven fabric, polypropylene spunbonded non-woven fabric, polyester spunbonded non-woven fabric, melt-blown non-woven fabric and terylene, acrylic or nylon.
4. The method for preparing the nanofiber medical protective clothing fabric based on the electrospinning technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the average diameter of the hot melt adhesive net film fiber in the step (2) is 58-98 nm, and the melting point is 40-150 degrees.
5. The method for preparing the nanofiber medical protective clothing fabric based on the electrospinning technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the polymer in the step (3) comprises a functional mixed solution of fluorinated polyurethane, polyvinylidene fluoride, polylactic acid or doped hydrophobic agent and doped antibacterial agent; the mass concentration of the electrostatic spinning solution is 2-25%.
6. The method for preparing the nanofiber medical protective clothing fabric based on the electrospinning technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the electrostatic spinning parameters in the steps (2), (4) and (5) are that the voltage is 1-100 KV, the distance from the nozzle to the receiving base cloth is 1-30 cm, the spinning speed is 1-80 mm/min, and the walking speed of the receiving base cloth is 1-40 mm/min.
7. The method for preparing the nanofiber medical protective clothing fabric based on the electrospinning technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the compounding mode in the step (6) is preprocessing hot melt lamination or adhesive hot melt lamination.
8. The nanofiber medical protective clothing fabric prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, which is characterized in that: the electrostatic spinning nanofiber membrane comprises an electrostatic spinning nanofiber membrane and base cloth positioned on two sides of the electrostatic spinning nanofiber membrane, wherein a hot melt adhesive net membrane is arranged between the electrostatic spinning nanofiber membrane and the base cloth, one side of the hot melt adhesive net membrane is bonded with the base cloth, and the other side of the hot melt adhesive net membrane is bonded with the electrostatic spinning nanofiber membrane.
9. The nanofiber medical protective clothing fabric as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the average diameter of the fibers of the hot melt adhesive net film is 58-98 nm, the melting point is 40-150 degrees, a stable waterproof structure is constructed by the fibers and the crosslinking among fiber layers, and a non-woven structure formed by randomly stacking the fibers is optimized.
10. The nanofiber medical protective clothing fabric as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the contact angle of the electrostatic spinning nanofiber membrane is 147-155 degrees, and the fiber diameter is 1-1000 nm.
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