CN114161706A - Device for controlling magnetic field orientation of composite material fiber, 3D printing device and method - Google Patents
Device for controlling magnetic field orientation of composite material fiber, 3D printing device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114161706A CN114161706A CN202111443989.XA CN202111443989A CN114161706A CN 114161706 A CN114161706 A CN 114161706A CN 202111443989 A CN202111443989 A CN 202111443989A CN 114161706 A CN114161706 A CN 114161706A
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- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 21
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- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/205—Means for applying layers
- B29C64/209—Heads; Nozzles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
- B29C64/124—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/227—Driving means
- B29C64/232—Driving means for motion along the axis orthogonal to the plane of a layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a device for controlling the magnetic field direction of a 3D printing composite fiber material, wherein a magnetic field generating device is arranged on the periphery of a printing material melting area of a 3D printing system, and the size and the direction of a magnetic field generated by the magnetic field generating device can be adjusted. The invention also discloses a 3D printing system and a 3D printing method comprising the device. The 3D printing technology for controlling the orientation of the magnetic fibers by using magnetic field orientation and a corresponding novel magnetic assembly 3D printing process. In the printing process, an external magnetic field is applied to induce the magnetic fibers mixed in the matrix material to be orderly arranged, the spatial orientation of the fibers is controlled by planning the direction of the magnetic field, the length and the orientation of the magnetic fibers are controlled, and further, the parts with the ordered fiber structures are prepared, the functional requirements of the specific parts are met, and the aim of lightening the parts is fulfilled.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of 3D printing, in particular to a device for controlling the magnetic field orientation of composite material fibers, a 3D printing device and a method.
Background
At present, compared with the traditional fiber reinforced composite material manufacturing process, the 3D printing can realize the rapid die-free manufacturing of the fiber reinforced composite material complex structural member. Meanwhile, the technology of the composite material is developed based on the fiber characteristics during 3D printing, and the method has important significance for fully exerting the performance advantages of the composite material, reducing the cost and realizing the technology of light structure. Nozzle blockage caused by fiber accumulation is a common problem in the 3D printing process of composite materials, the composite materials used in the 3D printing at present are mainly divided into short fiber reinforced composite materials (the fiber length is smaller than the diameter of a nozzle) and continuous fiber reinforced composite materials, and the 3D printing technology of the composite materials with variable fiber length is not reported for a while. In addition, the magnetic fiber reinforced composite material has wide application prospect in the field of electromagnetic shielding, the 3D printing technology is adopted for processing and manufacturing the complex electromagnetic shielding structural member, the problem that a local area of the complex electromagnetic shielding structural member is difficult to process can be effectively avoided, but when the magnetic fiber reinforced composite material is subjected to 3D printing, a nozzle is blocked due to inconsistent orientation of magnetic fibers.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a device for controlling the magnetic field orientation of composite material fibers, a 3D printing device and a method for solving the technical problems in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems in the prior art is as follows: a device for controlling the magnetic field direction of a 3D printing composite fiber material is characterized in that a magnetic field generating device is arranged on the periphery of a printing material melting area of a 3D printing system, and the size and the direction of a magnetic field generated by the magnetic field generating device can be adjusted.
Further, the magnetic field generating device comprises an electromagnet and a current controller; the current controller controls the magnitude and direction of the current flowing through the electromagnet to control the magnitude and direction of the generated magnetic field.
Further, the magnetic field generator also comprises a mounting rack for mounting the magnetic field generator; the magnetic field generating device comprises a permanent magnet unit, the mounting frame is made of nonmagnetic materials, the permanent magnet unit is detachably mounted on the mounting frame, and a heat insulation layer is arranged on one side, close to the printing material melting area, of the permanent magnet unit.
The invention also provides a 3D printing system, which comprises a feeding device, a material heating and heat preservation device and a printing device; the device for controlling the magnetic field direction of the 3D printing composite fiber material is further included.
Further, the device also comprises a material mixing device; the feeding device comprises a base material feeding device and a reinforced material feeding device, the base material feeding device is used for conveying 3D printing base wire materials to the material mixing device, the reinforced material feeding device is used for conveying magnetic fibers to the material mixing device, and the material mixing device is used for mixing the magnetic fibers with the molten base material and manufacturing composite material printing wire materials.
Furthermore, the reinforced material feeding device comprises a shearing device and a discharge hole provided with a control valve, wherein the discharge hole is connected with the feed inlet of the material mixing device; the shearing device is used for cutting off the magnetic fibers in the conveying process, and the control valve is used for controlling the feeding amount of the magnetic fibers.
Further, a material heating and heat-preserving device for melting and holding the printing wire material; the magnetic field generating device comprises a cylindrical accommodating cavity, a heating device used for heating the cylindrical accommodating cavity and a temperature detecting device used for detecting the temperature in the cylindrical accommodating cavity, wherein the heating device is started and stopped according to the detection result of the temperature detecting device, and the magnetic field generating device is arranged on the periphery of the cylindrical accommodating cavity.
Further, the printing device comprises a printing nozzle and a printing platform, wherein the inner surface of the printing nozzle is coated with polytetrafluoroethylene, and the printing platform moves along the XYZ axes relative to the printing nozzle.
The invention also provides a 3D printing method, which adopts the 3D printing system and comprises the following steps:
step 1, uniformly mixing a 3D printing base material and magnetic fibers, and preparing a 3D printing wire material through an extrusion molding device; (ii) a
step 6, increasing the thickness of a slice layer by the relative height between the printing platform and the printing nozzle;
step 7, judging whether printing is finished or not; if not, returning to the step 5, and if complete, performing the step 8;
and 8: the printing is ended.
Further, the matrix material comprises thermoplastic material and light-cured resin, the thermoplastic material comprises Nylon, ABS, PC, POM, PEEK, PEI, PI, PETG, PLA and PPS, and the light-cured resin comprises hard resin, flexible resin, elastic resin, high-temperature resin and biocompatible resin.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
the invention discloses a device, a 3D printing device and a method for controlling the magnetic field orientation of composite material fibers, and relates to a 3D printing technology for controlling the magnetic fiber orientation by using magnetic field orientation and a corresponding novel magnetic assembly 3D printing process. In the printing process, an external magnetic field is applied to induce the magnetic fibers mixed in the matrix material to be orderly arranged, the spatial orientation of the fibers is controlled by planning the direction of the magnetic field, the control of the length and the orientation of the magnetic fibers is realized, and then parts with ordered fiber structures are prepared, the functional requirements of specific parts are realized, and the aim of lightening the parts is fulfilled.
The magnetic fiber 3D printing with different lengths and orientations can be realized, the integration of composite material technology manufacturing is facilitated, the structural performance optimization of parts can be realized, and the cost is reduced.
The 3D printing system provided by the invention is manufactured by adopting the electromagnetic shielding structural member, so that the problem that a local area is difficult to process can be effectively avoided. The magnetic fiber filament is cut or premixed to obtain specific fiber length, the magnetic fiber is guided through the magnetic field generating device to achieve ideal orientation, the 3D printing process of the composite material is completed, the problem that a printing nozzle is blocked due to inconsistent orientation of the magnetic fiber can be effectively avoided, the stability of a printing system is improved, and the 3D printing technology of the composite material is further expanded. The 3D printing method provided by the invention can also expand the range of the machining and manufacturing process of the complex electromagnetic shielding structural member. The invention can enlarge the range of the processing and manufacturing process of the complex electromagnetic shielding structural member.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a 3D printing system according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a 3D printing system according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for controlling the magnetic field direction of a 3D printed composite fiber material according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a stepping motor; 2. a base material feeding device; 3. a feed pipe; 4. a conveying mechanism; 5. a magnetic field generating device; 6. a reinforcing material feed device; 7. a control valve; 8. a charging barrel; 9. a material mixing device; 10. a material heating and heat preserving device; 11. a cylindrical cavity; 12. a printing nozzle; 13. a printing platform; 14. a permanent magnet unit; 15. and (7) mounting frames. N, magnetic pole N pole; s, magnetic pole S pole.
Detailed Description
For further understanding of the contents, features and effects of the present invention, the following embodiments are enumerated in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and the following detailed description is given:
referring to fig. 1 to 3, a device for controlling the magnetic field direction of a 3D printing composite fiber material is provided, wherein a magnetic field generating device 5 is disposed around a printing material melting zone of a 3D printing system, and the magnitude and direction of a magnetic field generated by the magnetic field generating device 5 are adjustable.
Preferably, the magnetic field generating means 5 may comprise an electromagnet and a current controller; the current controller controls the magnitude and direction of the current flowing through the electromagnet to control the magnitude and direction of the generated magnetic field.
Preferably, a mounting frame 15 for mounting the magnetic field generating device 5 is also included; the magnetic field generating device 5 may include a permanent magnet unit 14, the mounting frame 15 is made of a non-magnetic material, the permanent magnet unit 14 is detachably mounted on the mounting frame 15, and the mounting frame 15 is provided with a thermal insulation layer on one side of the permanent magnet unit 14 close to the melting zone of the printing material. The mounting frame 15 can comprise a plurality of unit cells, the unit cells can be symmetrically or uniformly distributed on the periphery of the printing material melting area, and each unit cell is provided with one permanent magnet unit 14; the permanent magnet units 14 are detachably mounted in cells which are provided with a heat insulating layer on the side of the permanent magnet units 14 close to the melting zone. The mounting frame 15 is fixed relative to the print nozzle 12.
One technical solution of the magnetic field generating device 5 is shown in fig. 3, the permanent magnet units 14 are installed on the peripheral side of the printing material melting zone to provide a magnetic field along the axial direction of the pipeline, the two permanent magnet units 14 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the printing nozzle 12, and the size and direction of the magnetic field at the material melting zone and the printing nozzle 12 can be controlled by adjusting the distance between the two permanent magnet units 14. The permanent magnet unit 14 may be a ring-shaped permanent magnet, and in consideration of the temperature influence on the magnetic properties of the permanent magnet, an insulating material is disposed outside the pipe of the melting zone and at the printing nozzle 12, or a high-temperature-resistant samarium-cobalt magnet is used.
The invention also provides an embodiment of the 3D printing system, which comprises a feeding device, a material heating and heat-insulating device 10 and a printing device; the apparatus of claim further comprising means for controlling the direction of the magnetic field of the 3D printed composite fiber material.
Preferably, a material mixing device 9 is also included; the feeding device can comprise a base material feeding device 2 and a reinforcing material feeding device 6, wherein the base material feeding device 2 can be used for conveying 3D printing base wire materials to a material mixing device 9, the reinforcing material feeding device 6 can be used for conveying magnetic fibers to the material mixing device 9, and the material mixing device 9 can be used for mixing the magnetic fibers with molten base material and preparing composite material printing wire materials.
Preferably, the reinforcing material feeding device 6 can comprise a shearing device and a discharge port provided with a control valve 7, and the discharge port is connected with the feeding port of the material mixing device 9; the shearing device can be used for cutting off the magnetic fibers in the conveying process, and the control valve 7 can be used for controlling the feeding amount of the magnetic fibers.
Preferably, a material heating and warming device 10, which can be used to bring the printing filament to a molten state and hold it; the magnetic field generating device comprises a cylindrical cavity 11, a heating device used for heating the cylindrical cavity 11 and a temperature detection device used for detecting the temperature in the cylindrical cavity 11, wherein the heating device can be started and stopped according to the detection result of the temperature detection device, and the magnetic field generating device 5 is arranged on the periphery of the cylindrical cavity 11.
Preferably, the printing device may include a printing nozzle 12, and the inner surface of the printing nozzle 12 is coated with teflon. Preferably, the printing apparatus may further include a printing stage 13, and the printing stage 13 may be movable along XYZ axes with respect to the printing nozzle 12.
The magnetic field generating device, the feeding device, the material heating and heat preservation device, the printing device, the heating device, the temperature detection device, the material mixing device, the shearing device, the control valve, the printing nozzle, the printing platform and the cylindrical containing cavity can be all devices applicable to the prior art, or can be constructed by adopting structures in the prior art and adopting conventional technical means.
The invention also provides an embodiment of a 3D printing method, which adopts the 3D printing system and comprises the following steps:
step 1, uniformly mixing a 3D printing base material and magnetic fibers, and preparing a 3D printing wire material through an extrusion molding device; (ii) a
step 6, increasing the thickness of a slice layer between the printing platform 13 and the printing nozzle 12 by the relative height;
step 7, judging whether printing is finished or not; if not, returning to the step 5, and if complete, performing the step 8;
and 8: the printing is ended.
Preferably, the matrix material may comprise a thermoplastic material, which may comprise Nylon, ABS, PC, POM, PEEK, PEI, PI, PETG, PLA, PPS.
Preferably, the matrix material may include a light-curable resin, with a light source added at the nozzle.
Preferably, the light curable resin material may include a hard resin, a flexible resin, an elastic resin, a high temperature resin, a biocompatible resin.
Preferably, the magnetic fibers may include magnetic carbon fibers, magnetic glass fibers.
Preferably, the magnetic fiber can be prepared by plating a paramagnetic material on the surface of the fiber.
The working principle of the invention is further illustrated below by means of a preferred embodiment of the invention:
in order to realize the control of the length and orientation of the magnetic fiber and realize specific functional requirements and further achieve the aim of a light weight technology, the invention provides a 3D printing technology for controlling the orientation of the magnetic fiber by utilizing magnetic field orientation and a corresponding novel magnetic assembly 3D printing process. In the printing process, an external magnetic field is applied to induce the magnetic fibers mixed in the matrix material to be orderly arranged, and the spatial orientation of the fibers is controlled by planning the direction of the magnetic field, so that parts with ordered fiber structures are prepared.
The basic principle of magnetic field-assisted change of the orientation of magnetic fibers is the magnetic torque (T) to which the magnetic fibers are subjectedm) Greater than viscous moment of resistance (T)η) Thereby effecting a change in orientation. If a magnetic fiber filament with the length of 2b and the radius of a is put into a magnetic field with the strength of H, the magnetic fiber filamentThe magnetic torque experienced can be expressed as:
in the formula, mu0Is a vacuum magnetic conductivity; chi shapepIs the magnetic susceptibility; delta is the thickness of the plating layer; psi is the horizontal angle between the direction of the applied external magnetic field and the long axis of the fiber.
During 3D printing of composite materials, the viscous resistance moment of the matrix in the molten state to the magnetic fibers can be expressed as:
wherein η is the viscosity of the molten matrix; omegacIs the angular velocity of the fiber rotation; p is the aspect ratio (b/a) of the fiber.
Meanwhile, in order to ensure that the magnetic fibers can finish the orientation transformation in the cylindrical cavity 11 region under the action of a magnetic field in the 3D printing process, the T is satisfiedm＞TηOn the basis, the size of the cylindrical cavity 11 is ensured according to the 3D printing actual working condition (including the diameter of the nozzle, the printing speed and the like) technology, and the magnetic fiber is ensured to complete the orientation transformation when being extruded out of the cylindrical cavity 11.
According to the device for controlling the magnetic field direction of the 3D printing composite fiber material, the magnetic field generating device 5 is arranged on the periphery of the printing material melting area of the 3D printing system, and the size and the direction of the magnetic field generated by the magnetic field generating device 5 can be adjusted.
The 3D printing system comprises a base material feeding device 2, a reinforcing material feeding device 6, a material mixing device 9, a material heating and heat preservation device 10, a printing device and a device for controlling the magnetic field direction of a 3D printing composite fiber material, as shown in figure 1.
The matrix material feeding device 2 can be used for conveying 3D printing matrix silk materials to the material mixing device 9, the reinforcing material feeding device 6 can be used for conveying magnetic fibers to the material mixing device 9, and the material mixing device 9 can be used for mixing the magnetic fibers with molten matrix materials and manufacturing composite printing silk materials. The material mixing device 9 comprises a mixing silo. A material heating and heat-insulating device 10 for melting and holding the printing wire material; the magnetic field generating device comprises a cylindrical cavity 11, a heating device used for heating the cylindrical cavity 11 and a temperature detection device used for detecting the temperature in the cylindrical cavity 11, wherein the heating device is started and stopped according to the detection result of the temperature detection device, and the magnetic field generating device 5 is arranged on the periphery of the cylindrical cavity 11. The printing device comprises a printing nozzle 12 and a printing platform 13, wherein the inner surface of the printing nozzle 12 is coated with polytetrafluoroethylene, and the printing platform 13 moves along XYZ axes relative to the printing nozzle 12.
The printing nozzle 12 can move freely in the XY plane, and the upper end of the printing nozzle is connected with the cylindrical cavity 11; the upper end of the cylindrical containing cavity 11 is connected with a mixing bin, and the mixing bin is respectively connected with the lower ends of the base material feeding device 2 and the reinforcing material feeding device 6; the printing platform 13 is positioned at the lower end of the printing nozzle 12 and can move in the Z direction; the magnetic field generating device 5 is arranged outside the printing nozzle 12 and the cylindrical cavity 11 and moves along with the printing nozzle 12 and the cylindrical cavity 11 to provide an adjustable and controllable magnetic field for the printing nozzle 12 and the cylindrical cavity 11.
The base material feeding device 2 comprises a conveying mechanism 4, a stepping motor 1 and a feeding pipe 3, wherein the stepping motor 1 is arranged at the rear end of the conveying mechanism 4, and the lower end of the feeding pipe 3 is fixed above the printing nozzle 12 and is provided with a spiral heat dissipation structure.
The conveying mechanism 4 includes, but is not limited to, a screw conveyor, a belt conveyor.
The reinforcing material feeding device 6 comprises a control valve 7 and a charging barrel 8, wherein the lower end of the charging barrel 8 is fixed above the mixing bin and is connected with the printing nozzle 12 through the control valve 7.
The material heating and heat preservation device 10 covers the material mixing device 9, the cylindrical cavity 11 and the printing nozzle 12, the heating mode of the heating device can be realized by electrifying an electric heating wire and the like, the specific heating temperature is determined according to the characteristics of the base material, and the heating temperature is increased as much as possible on the premise of not changing the properties of the base material, so that the viscosity of the molten material can be reduced to a greater extent, and the orientation of the magnetic fibers can be changed more easily.
The inner surface of the printing nozzle 12 is coated with polytetrafluoroethylene to prevent the matrix material from being bonded with the inner wall of the nozzle, the upper part of the nozzle is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the cylindrical cavity 11, and the lower ends of the feed pipe 3 and the charging barrel 8 are fixed above the mixing bin.
The magnetic field generating device 5 is arranged outside the cylindrical cavity 11 and the printing nozzle 12 and moves along with the cylindrical cavity 11 and the printing nozzle 12 to provide a controllable magnetic field for the cylindrical cavity 11 and the printing nozzle 12, and a magnetic shielding device is arranged outside the magnetic field generating device 5.
The 3D printing method of the 3D printing system according to fig. 2 of the present invention is implemented as follows:
step A1: the high-temperature molten matrix material and the short magnetic fibers are uniformly mixed, and the mixed material is extruded into a 3D printing wire through an extrusion molding process, so that a wire material capable of being printed by a 3D printer is prepared. Loading printing wires to a base material feeding device 2, and conveying the printing wires to a printing nozzle 12 through a conveying mechanism 4;
step A2: because the short magnetic fibers and the matrix material are mixed into filaments in advance, the materials do not need to be mixed again in a mixing bin and are directly sent to the cylindrical cavity 11;
step A3: and starting the heating device to heat the printing material melting area and the area near the printing nozzle 12 to proper temperature so that the wire reaches a melting state, and simultaneously, well preserving the heat of the printing material melting area and the nozzle area.
Step A4: according to the magnetic field characteristics planned in advance, a magnetic field required by the magnetic field generating device 5 is provided for a printing material melting area, the magnetic fiber material is guided out directionally, the magnetic fiber with the length smaller than the diameter of the nozzle can be extruded from the nozzle in any direction, the magnetic fiber with the length larger than the diameter of the nozzle can be extruded from the nozzle according to the specific orientation controlled by the magnetic field, and the paving of the material with the thickness of one slice is completed;
step A5: and (4) descending the printing platform 13 by the thickness of one slice layer or ascending the printing nozzle 12 by the thickness of one slice layer, repeating the step A4, and forming the next slice layer, so that the three-dimensional entity is formed by stacking layer by layer.
The 3D printing method of the 3D printing system of the present invention corresponding to fig. 1 is implemented as follows:
step B1: loading a matrix material to a matrix material feeding device 2, and conveying the matrix wire to a material mixing device 9 through a conveying mechanism 4; the magnetic fibers are loaded into a reinforcing material feeding device 6, and the feeding length of the magnetic fibers is controlled by a shearing device.
Step B2: and opening the control valve 7, conveying the sheared magnetic fibers to the material mixing device 9, fully and uniformly mixing the matrix material and the magnetic fiber material in the material mixing device 9, and conveying the mixture to the cylindrical containing cavity 11.
Step B3: and starting a heating device, heating the areas near the cylindrical cavity 11 and the printing nozzle 12 to proper temperature to enable the wires to reach a molten state, and simultaneously preserving the heat of the areas near the cylindrical cavity 11 and the printing nozzle 12.
Step B4: according to the magnetic field characteristics planned in advance, a magnetic field required by the magnetic field generating device 5 is provided for the printing material melting area, the magnetic fiber material is guided out directionally, the magnetic fiber with the length smaller than the diameter of the nozzle can be extruded from the printing nozzle 12 in any direction, the magnetic fiber with the length larger than the diameter of the printing nozzle 12 can be extruded from the printing nozzle 12 according to the specific orientation controlled by the magnetic field, and the laying of the material with the thickness of one slice is completed.
Step B5: and the printing platform 13 descends by the thickness of one slice layer or the printing nozzle 12 ascends by the thickness of one slice layer, the steps are repeated, the next slice layer is formed, and then the three-dimensional entity is formed by stacking layer by layer.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical ideas and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and to implement the same, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by the embodiments, i.e. equivalent variations or modifications made within the spirit of the present invention are still within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A device for controlling the magnetic field direction of a 3D printing composite fiber material is characterized in that a magnetic field generating device is arranged on the periphery of a printing material melting area of a 3D printing system, and the size and the direction of a magnetic field generated by the magnetic field generating device can be adjusted.
2. The apparatus for controlling the magnetic field direction of a 3D printed composite fiber material according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic field generating means comprises an electromagnet and a current controller; the current controller controls the magnitude and direction of the current flowing through the electromagnet to control the magnitude and direction of the generated magnetic field.
3. The device for controlling the magnetic field direction of the 3D printing composite fiber material according to claim 1, further comprising a mounting rack for mounting a magnetic field generating device; the magnetic field generating device comprises a permanent magnet unit, the mounting frame is made of nonmagnetic materials, the permanent magnet unit is detachably mounted on the mounting frame, and a heat insulation layer is arranged on one side, close to the printing material melting area, of the permanent magnet unit.
4. A3D printing system comprises a feeding device, a material heating and heat preservation device and a printing device; the device for controlling the magnetic field direction of the 3D printing composite fiber material is characterized by further comprising the device for controlling the magnetic field direction of the 3D printing composite fiber material.
5. The 3D printing system of claim 4, further comprising a material mixing device; the feeding device comprises a base material feeding device and a reinforced material feeding device, the base material feeding device is used for conveying 3D printing base wire materials to the material mixing device, the reinforced material feeding device is used for conveying magnetic fibers to the material mixing device, and the material mixing device is used for mixing the magnetic fibers with the molten base material and manufacturing composite material printing wire materials.
6. The 3D printing system according to claim 5, wherein the reinforcing material feeding device comprises a shearing device and a discharge port provided with a control valve, and the discharge port is connected with the feeding port of the material mixing device; the shearing device is used for cutting off the magnetic fibers in the conveying process, and the control valve is used for controlling the feeding amount of the magnetic fibers.
7. The 3D printing system of claim 4, wherein a material heating and warming device is used to bring and hold a print filament to a molten state; the magnetic field generating device comprises a cylindrical accommodating cavity, a heating device used for heating the cylindrical accommodating cavity and a temperature detecting device used for detecting the temperature in the cylindrical accommodating cavity, wherein the heating device is started and stopped according to the detection result of the temperature detecting device, and the magnetic field generating device is arranged on the periphery of the cylindrical accommodating cavity.
8. The 3D printing system of claim 4, wherein the printing device comprises a printing nozzle and a printing platform, wherein the printing nozzle is coated with polytetrafluoroethylene on the inner surface, and the printing platform moves along XYZ axes relative to the printing nozzle.
9. A 3D printing method using the 3D printing system according to any one of claims 4 to 8, comprising the steps of:
step 1, uniformly mixing a 3D printing base material and magnetic fibers, and preparing a 3D printing wire material through an extrusion molding device;
step 2, conveying the printing wire to a containing cavity for melting the printing wire;
step 3, starting a heating device to heat the containing cavity, so that the printing wire material reaches a molten state and is kept warm;
step 4, adjusting the size and the direction of a magnetic field generated by the magnetic field generating device;
step 5, extruding the melted printing wire material through a nozzle to finish the laying of a slice thickness material;
step 6, increasing the thickness of a slice layer by the relative height between the printing platform and the printing nozzle;
step 7, judging whether printing is finished or not; if not, returning to the step 5, and if complete, performing the step 8;
and 8: the printing is ended.
10. The 3D printing method according to claim 9, wherein the base material comprises a thermoplastic material and a light-curable resin, the thermoplastic material comprises Nylon, ABS, PC, POM, PEEK, PEI, PI, PETG, PLA, PPS, and the light-curable resin comprises a hard resin, a flexible resin, an elastic resin, a high temperature resin, a biocompatible resin.
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