CN114160834A - Control method for depth of hole-making dimple - Google Patents

Control method for depth of hole-making dimple Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114160834A
CN114160834A CN202111523412.XA CN202111523412A CN114160834A CN 114160834 A CN114160834 A CN 114160834A CN 202111523412 A CN202111523412 A CN 202111523412A CN 114160834 A CN114160834 A CN 114160834A
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Prior art keywords
servo motor
cutter
dimple
distance
depth
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CN202111523412.XA
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CN114160834B (en
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康仁科
杨国林
董志刚
盛方怡
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Dalian University of Technology
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Dalian University of Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B41/00—Boring or drilling machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q15/00—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work
    • B23Q15/20—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work before or after the tool acts upon the workpiece
    • B23Q15/22—Control or regulation of position of tool or workpiece
    • B23Q15/225—Control or regulation of position of tool or workpiece in feed control, i.e. approaching of tool or work in successive decreasing velocity steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q5/00—Driving or feeding mechanisms; Control arrangements therefor
    • B23Q5/22—Feeding members carrying tools or work
    • B23Q5/28—Electric drives

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Drilling And Boring (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a method for controlling the depth of a hole-making dimple. The invention comprises the following steps: the cutter is connected with a guide rail lead screw through a power head, the guide rail lead screw is connected with a servo motor through a coupler, and a control system monitors parameters of the servo motor through an encoder; setting a servo motor to be in a torque control mode, and setting the maximum output torque T of the servo motor and the maximum output rotating speed of the servo motor; starting a servo motor, and monitoring the rotating speed of the servo motor by a control system through an encoder; after the cutter contacts the workpiece, the screw rod and the servo motor stop rotating, the cutter stops feeding forward, and the control system monitors that the servo motor stops rotating and records the coordinate of the cutter at the moment; setting the servo motor to be in a position control mode, and retracting the cutter to a preset distance; and setting parameters of a servo motor according to the required dimple depth, the length of the cutter and the distance between the cutter and the workpiece so as to control the cutter process, wherein a control system controls the distance of the servo motor for feeding the cutter forward.

Description

Control method for depth of hole-making dimple
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hole making processing in the aerospace component assembling process, in particular to a method for controlling the depth of a hole making dimple.
Background
During the assembly process of airplanes, rockets and the like, different parts are connected mainly through rivets and bolts, and therefore a large number of connecting holes need to be machined. Because the majority of aircraft uses countersunk rivets and bolts, the spot facing process is required during the hole making process. To ensure that the stud is flush with the surface of the workpiece after the countersunk rivet or bolt is installed, the dimple depth generally needs to be precisely controlled within a certain range.
In order to precisely control the dimple depth, it is necessary to precisely control the feed depth of the hole-making tool with respect to the upper surface of the workpiece. When actually making a hole, there is certain difficulty in accurately controlling the feeding depth: on one hand, small semi-automatic hole making equipment such as an automatic feeding drill and a portable spiral hole milling unit is often used in hole making processing, the equipment needs to be fixed through a drilling template, and due to installation errors of the drilling template, the hole making equipment deviates in distance relative to the surface of a workpiece; on the other hand, the positioning of the axial position of the drilling tool in the mounting of the drilling tool on the drilling device is not correct, which results in a deviation in the distance of the tool from the drilling device. The above reasons finally cause the inaccurate feeding depth of the hole-making cutter relative to the upper surface of the workpiece, and influence the dimple depth precision.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the technical problem, the method for controlling the depth of the spot facing for hole making is provided, and the spot facing precision is guaranteed. The technical means adopted by the invention are as follows:
a control method for the depth of a hole-making dimple comprises the following steps:
step 1, installation of the device: the cutter is connected with a guide rail lead screw through a power head, the guide rail lead screw is connected with a servo motor through a coupler, and a control system monitors parameters of the servo motor through an encoder; setting a servo motor to be in a torque control mode, and setting the maximum output torque T of the servo motor and the maximum output rotating speed of the servo motor;
step 2, starting the servo motor, and monitoring the rotating speed of the servo motor by a control system through an encoder;
step 3, after the cutter contacts the workpiece, stopping the rotation of the screw rod and the servo motor, stopping the forward feeding motion of the cutter, monitoring the stop of the rotation of the servo motor by a control system, and recording the coordinate of the cutter at the moment;
step 4, setting the servo motor to be in a position control mode, and retracting the cutter to a preset distance;
step 5, according to the required dimple depth h and the cutter length L1And the distance L of the tool from the workpiece2The servo motor parameters are set so as to control the cutter process, and the control system controls the distance of the servo motor for feeding the cutter process forwards.
Further, the cutter includes the integrative cutter of drilling and reaming, the integrative cutter of drilling and reaming is including consecutive cutting head portion, neck, dimple portion and the stalk portion that is used for the centre gripping.
Further, the distance H to be fed is L1+L2+ h, wherein, L2The distance of the front end of the tool from the surface of the workpiece.
Further, the cutter includes the dimple drill, the dimple drill includes consecutive dimple head and the stalk portion that is used for the centre gripping.
Further, the distance H to be fed is L2+ h, wherein, L2The distance from the front end of the dimple drill to the deepest part of the dimple blade of the dimple drill, which is in contact with the workpiece, is adopted.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the hole-making dimple depth error caused by the distance error of the fixed position of the hole-making equipment relative to the workpiece and the installation axial position error of the hole-making cutter is eliminated, and the dimple depth precision in hole making can be effectively ensured.
2. The method has wide application range, is suitable for hole making processing of a drilling and reaming integrated cutter, is also suitable for processing of independent dimple drilling and reaming, and is also suitable for milling and reaming integrated processing in a spiral hole milling mode.
3. The implementation is convenient, an extra mechanical structure is not required to be added for ensuring the depth precision of the dimple, the mechanical structure of the hole making equipment is not required to be changed at all, and only the control program of the hole making equipment is required to be adjusted.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a hole-making apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an integral spot facing tool used for spot facing in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a dimple drill used for the dimple machining in the present invention.
Fig. 4(a) to (f) are partial process diagrams of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 5(a) to (e) are partial process diagrams of embodiment 2 of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a workpiece; 2. drilling and reaming an integrated cutter; 2-a. a cutting head; 2-b. neck; 2-c, dimple facing; 2-d. a handle; 3. a lead screw; 4. a servo motor; 5. an encoder; 6. reaming a socket drill; 6-a. dimple head; handle portion.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, in the present invention, a hole forming apparatus mainly includes: the device comprises a control system, an encoder 5, a servo motor 4, a lead screw 3, a cutter 2 and a workpiece 1.
The invention discloses a method for controlling the depth of a hole-making dimple, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, installation of the device: the cutter is connected with a guide rail lead screw through a power head, the guide rail lead screw is connected with a servo motor through a coupler, and a control system monitors parameters such as the torque of the servo motor through an encoder; setting a servo motor to be in a torque control mode, and setting the maximum output torque T (N.m) and the maximum output rotating speed (r/min) of the servo motor;
the method for determining the maximum output torque T and the maximum output rotating speed N comprises the following steps:
thrust Fa of servo motor transmitted to cutter through lead screw is 2 pi.T/P.103(N), wherein P (mm) is the lead of the lead screw. The maximum output rotating speed N is set to be a proper value according to experience, and in the feeding process of the cutter, the thrust Fa transmitted to the cutter and the rotating speed of the cutter are prevented from being too high, so that the front end of the cutter or the dimple cutting edge is in contact with the workpiece, the workpiece and the cutter are damaged, and the dimple processing is influenced;
step 2, starting a servo motor, driving a lead screw to rotate by the servo motor, driving a cutter to move forwards, and monitoring the rotating speed of the servo motor by a control system through an encoder; the control system monitors the rotation speed all the time in the whole process, and records the position of the cutter when the rotation speed of the cutter is 0.
Step 3, after the cutter contacts the workpiece, the screw rod and the servo motor stop rotating due to the blocking of the workpiece, the cutter stops forward feeding movement, the control system monitors that the servo motor stops rotating, and the coordinate of the cutter at the moment is recorded;
step 4, setting the servo motor to be in a position control mode, and retracting the cutter to a preset distance;
step 5, according to the required dimple depth h and the cutter length L1And the distance L of the tool from the workpiece2The servo motor parameters are set so as to control the cutter process, and the control system controls the distance of the servo motor for feeding the cutter process forwards.
Step 6: and (5) withdrawing the cutter after the processing is finished.
As an alternative embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the tool comprises a drillThe cutter integrating spot facing and drilling is characterized by comprising a cutting head portion, a neck portion, a spot facing portion and a handle portion used for clamping, wherein the cutting head portion, the neck portion, the spot facing portion and the handle portion are connected in sequence, and the cutter contact workpiece is a cutter front end contact workpiece in step 3. Retracting the cutter until the front end of the cutter is L2 away from the surface of the workpiece; the distance H to be fed is L1+L2+ h, wherein, L2The distance of the front end of the tool from the surface of the workpiece.
As a further alternative, as shown in fig. 3, the tool comprises a countersink drill comprising a countersink head and a shank for clamping in succession. And in the step 3, the workpiece contacted by the cutter is a workpiece contacted by the dimple cutting edge, and the distance from the cutter retreating to the position corresponding to the step 3 is L2. The distance H to be fed is L2+ h, wherein, L2The distance from the front end of the dimple drill to the deepest part of the dimple blade of the dimple drill, which is in contact with the workpiece, is adopted.
The distance L of tool retraction2Not too small, ensuring separation of the tool from the workpiece, L2Too large, wasting time, the specific value being determined according to the actual situation, L2>0, generally about 1 mm.
Example 1
In this embodiment, the diameter D of the bottom hole to be machined is 12mm, the dimple depth h is 5mm, and the dimple angle is 100 °.
As shown in FIG. 2, the length L of the cutting head and the neck is140mm, diameter D of the tool1Dimple angle of dimple portion of 12mm
Figure BDA0003408607920000051
As shown in FIG. 3, the dimple drill has a small diameter D at the head of the dimple210mm, dimple angle
Figure BDA0003408607920000052
Step 1: first, the servo motor 4 is set to a torque control mode, the maximum output torque T (N · m) of the servo motor 4 is set, and the maximum output rotation speed N (r/min) of the servo motor 4 is set.
The method for determining the maximum output torque T and the maximum output rotating speed N comprises the following steps:
thrust Fa of servo motor 4 transmitted to tool through screw 3 is 2 pi.T/P.103(N), wherein P (mm) is the lead of the lead screw. The maximum output rotating speed N is set to be a proper value according to experience, and in the feeding process of the cutter, the thrust Fa transmitted to the cutter and the rotating speed of the cutter are prevented from being too high, so that the front end of the milling and reaming integrated cutter 2 or the reaming edge of the reaming drill 6 are in contact with the workpiece 1 to damage the workpiece 1 and the cutter to influence the reaming;
step 2: starting a servo motor 4, wherein the servo motor 4 drives a screw rod 3 to rotate and drives a cutter to move forwards, and as shown in fig. 4(a) and fig. 5(a), a control system monitors the change condition of the rotating speed of the servo motor 4 through an encoder 5;
and step 3: the control system converts the analog signal of the rotation speed sensor into a digital signal to monitor the rotation speed change condition of the servo motor 4. As shown in fig. 4(b) and fig. 5(b), after the front end of the countersink-integrated tool 2 or the countersink edge of the countersink drill 6 contacts the workpiece 1, due to the blocking of the workpiece 1, the forward feeding motion of the tool stops, the screw rod 3 and the servo motor 4 stop rotating, the control system monitors that the servo motor 4 stops rotating, and records the coordinate of the tool 2 at the moment;
and 4, step 4: then, the servo motor 4 is set to a position control mode, and the motor position control mode generally determines the rotation angle through the number of externally input pulses, or directly assigns values to the speed and the displacement through a communication mode. The countersinking is performed by using the drill-countersink tool 2, and as shown in FIG. 4(c), the tool is retracted until the tip of the tool 2 is spaced from the surface L of the workpiece 121 mm; the dimple cutting is performed using the dimple drill 6, and as shown in fig. 5(c), the tool is retracted to a relative distance L from the dimple drill in step 32＝1mm。
And 5: the cutter rotates at a high speed, and the control system controls the servo motor 4 to feed forwards for a feeding distance H.
The method for determining the feed distance H comprises the following steps:
according to the required dimple depth h and the cutter length L1And the distance L of the tool from the workpiece 12To set the parameters of the servo motor 4 to control the progress of the tool and perform the dimple machining, as shown in fig. 4(d),FIGS. 5(d) and (e) show. When the countersinking is carried out by using the drilling and countersinking integrated cutter 2, the feeding distance H is L1+ L2+ H is 40mm +1mm +5mm is 46 mm; when the dimple drill 6 is used for dimple processing, the feeding distance H is L2+ H is 1mm +5mm is 6 mm;
step 6: as shown in fig. 4(e) and 5(f), the machining is completed and the cutter is retracted.
The control mode can be realized by other equipment such as spiral milling hole making equipment, an automatic hole making robot, a drilling and riveting machine and the like. The invention can adopt a drilling and reaming integrated cutter and a dimple drill to make holes, and also can adopt a milling and reaming integrated cutter to make holes in a spiral hole milling mode.
In addition, when the feeding shaft of the hole making equipment is provided with a grating ruler, a magnetic grating ruler or other measuring equipment, the whole servo system forms a closed loop, the stop of the cutter can be detected by the measuring equipment, and finally, a measuring signal is output and transmitted to the control system.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A control method for the depth of a hole-making dimple is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, installation of the device: the cutter is connected with a guide rail lead screw through a power head, the guide rail lead screw is connected with a servo motor through a coupler, and a control system monitors parameters of the servo motor through an encoder; setting a servo motor to be in a torque control mode, and setting the maximum output torque T of the servo motor and the maximum output rotating speed of the servo motor;
step 2, starting the servo motor, and monitoring the rotating speed of the servo motor by a control system through an encoder;
step 3, after the cutter contacts the workpiece, stopping the rotation of the screw rod and the servo motor, stopping the forward feeding motion of the cutter, monitoring the stop of the rotation of the servo motor by a control system, and recording the coordinate of the cutter at the moment;
step 4, setting the servo motor to be in a position control mode, and retracting the cutter to a preset distance;
step 5, according to the required dimple depth h and the cutter length L1And the distance L of the tool from the workpiece2The servo motor parameters are set so as to control the cutter process, and the control system controls the distance of the servo motor for feeding the cutter process forwards.
2. The method of controlling the depth of a drilling dimple as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tool comprises an integral drill and dimple tool comprising a cutting head portion, a neck portion, a dimple portion and a shank portion for clamping in series.
3. The method of controlling the depth of a countersink for making a hole according to claim 2, wherein the feed distance H ═ L is required1+L2+ h, wherein, L2The distance of the front end of the tool from the surface of the workpiece.
4. The method of controlling the depth of a drilling dimple as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tool comprises a dimple drill comprising a dimple head and a shank for clamping in series.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the feed distance H ═ L is set to a distance of2+ h, wherein, L2The distance from the front end of the dimple drill to the deepest part of the dimple blade of the dimple drill, which is in contact with the workpiece, is adopted.
CN202111523412.XA 2021-12-13 2021-12-13 Control method for hole-making countersink depth Active CN114160834B (en)

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Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4765784A (en) * 1984-12-06 1988-08-23 Advanced Controls, Inc. Electronic depth control for drill
JPH06320314A (en) * 1993-03-15 1994-11-22 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd Hole drilling method
CN1246396A (en) * 1998-08-28 2000-03-08 邓连钦 Working position input method by fixed torsion
CN1640595A (en) * 2004-01-12 2005-07-20 山东法因数控机械有限公司 Self-controlled-travel numerical controlled drilling power head and its control method
JP2005238415A (en) * 2004-02-27 2005-09-08 Murata Mach Ltd Machine tool with drill processing function
JP2007293715A (en) * 2006-04-26 2007-11-08 Nakamura Tome Precision Ind Co Ltd Cutting method for workpiece in machine tool
CN103586505A (en) * 2013-11-28 2014-02-19 济南华汉电气科技有限公司 Drilling power head capable of controlling feeding states thereof
CN214602099U (en) * 2020-12-22 2021-11-05 上海飞机制造有限公司 A bore integrative cutter of ream for carbon fiber reinforced composite

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4765784A (en) * 1984-12-06 1988-08-23 Advanced Controls, Inc. Electronic depth control for drill
JPH06320314A (en) * 1993-03-15 1994-11-22 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd Hole drilling method
CN1246396A (en) * 1998-08-28 2000-03-08 邓连钦 Working position input method by fixed torsion
CN1640595A (en) * 2004-01-12 2005-07-20 山东法因数控机械有限公司 Self-controlled-travel numerical controlled drilling power head and its control method
JP2005238415A (en) * 2004-02-27 2005-09-08 Murata Mach Ltd Machine tool with drill processing function
JP2007293715A (en) * 2006-04-26 2007-11-08 Nakamura Tome Precision Ind Co Ltd Cutting method for workpiece in machine tool
CN103586505A (en) * 2013-11-28 2014-02-19 济南华汉电气科技有限公司 Drilling power head capable of controlling feeding states thereof
CN214602099U (en) * 2020-12-22 2021-11-05 上海飞机制造有限公司 A bore integrative cutter of ream for carbon fiber reinforced composite

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