CN114156724A - Method for realizing single longitudinal mode output of laser based on parameter optimization - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for realizing single longitudinal mode output of a laser based on parameter optimization, which comprises the following steps: s1, calculating the stimulated emission cross section ratio of adjacent longitudinal modes in the cavity according to the gain line type and the gain coefficient of the gain medium; s2, calculating a relation curve of the intensity ratio of adjacent longitudinal modes and the round-trip times of fluorescence in the cavity before longitudinal mode pulse establishment based on the gain difference between the adjacent longitudinal modes; s3, based on the laser rate equation set, considering the intra-cavity loss and gain, and numerically solving the establishing process of adjacent longitudinal mode pulses; s4, quantitatively analyzing the influence of the initial parameters on the formation of the single longitudinal mode, and determining the initial parameters matched with each other to enable the laser to output single longitudinal mode pulse laser; the invention can increase the gain difference between the modes by determining the optimal and mutually matched values of the reflectivity of an output mirror in the laser, the optical cavity length of the laser and the initial transmittance of the passive Q-switched crystal, thereby obtaining the stable output of the single longitudinal mode pulse laser.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lasers, in particular to a method for realizing single longitudinal mode output of a laser based on parameter optimization.
Background
The basic idea of longitudinal mode selection is to try to manipulate the relative magnitudes of the net gains of the different longitudinal modes such that only one longitudinal mode within the gain bandwidth satisfies the threshold condition. The mode selection effect of the saturable absorption dye passive Q-switch is proposed in the early days, and a corresponding mode selection theory is proposed.
The process of establishing the pulse from the noise is actually the process of naturally selecting the longitudinal mode of the laser; during the set-up time, the longitudinal mode with large net gain is increased more quickly in amplitude, other longitudinal modes with weak gain are suppressed, and the longitudinal mode intensity at the starting critical point of the passive Q-switch determines the mode characteristic of the final output. In addition, in the process of establishing the longitudinal mode pulse from noise, the frequency of back-and-forth propagation of fluorescence in the cavity also has a remarkable influence on the frequency characteristic of laser; the intensity difference between the modes will be increased along with the increase of the round-trip times, which is equivalent to that the mode selection effect is better, and when the intensity ratio is large to a certain extent (generally considered to be larger than 10), the weak gain longitudinal mode can be considered to be completely inhibited, and the system realizes the single longitudinal mode operation. Meanwhile, the optical cavity length influences the longitudinal mode interval in the cavity, the smaller the cavity length is, the larger the longitudinal mode interval is, the larger the gain difference between adjacent longitudinal modes is, and when the longitudinal mode interval is larger, only one longitudinal mode falls on a gain curve, single longitudinal mode output can be realized. The cavity length, the initial transmittance of the passively Q-switched crystal, and the output mirror reflectivity affect the time during which the pulse builds up from noise, during which time the amplitude of the longitudinal mode with high net gain increases more rapidly. The longer the pulse is built up from the noise, the larger the amplitude difference between the longitudinal modes is, and when the time difference built up between the adjacent longitudinal modes is larger than a certain parameter, the mode built up first consumes all the reversed particle beams, and the mode built up later is restrained, so that the laser works in a single longitudinal mode state. The pumping rate is also crucial to the formation of a single longitudinal mode, the value of the pumping rate influences the rate of change of the number density of reversed particles in the cavity, and the appropriate pumping rate can ensure that the saturable absorber is saturated earlier than a gain medium and can also ensure the sufficient round-trip propagation times of photons in the cavity, thereby influencing the output of the single longitudinal mode. However, the three key parameters of the passive Q-switched crystal initial transmittance, the output mirror reflectivity and the optical cavity length are difficult to determine by the conventional laser, and the stable single longitudinal mode pulse laser output cannot be obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention relates to a method for realizing laser single longitudinal mode output based on parameter optimization, which can increase the gain difference between modes by determining the optimal and mutually matched values of the reflectivity of an output mirror in a laser, the optical cavity length of the laser and the initial transmittance of a passive Q-switched crystal, thereby obtaining stable single longitudinal mode pulse laser output.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for realizing single longitudinal mode output of a laser based on parameter optimization comprises the following steps:
s1, calculating the stimulated emission cross section ratio of adjacent longitudinal modes in the cavity according to the gain line type and the gain coefficient of the gain medium and the optical cavity length of the laser;
s2, calculating a relation curve of the intensity ratio of adjacent longitudinal modes and the round-trip times of fluorescence in the cavity before longitudinal mode pulse establishment based on the gain difference between the adjacent longitudinal modes;
s3, based on the laser rate equation set, considering the intra-cavity loss and gain, and numerically solving the establishing process of adjacent longitudinal mode pulses;
and S4, quantitatively analyzing the influence of the initial parameters on the formation of the single longitudinal mode, and determining the initial parameters matched with each other to enable the laser to output single longitudinal mode pulse laser.
Preferably, the laser in step S1 includes a pump light source, a laser input element, a laser gain medium, a passive Q-switching crystal and a laser output mirror, which are located on the same axis and optically connected in sequence; a film is arranged between the laser input element and the passive Q-switching crystal; the film is anti-reflective to pump light and highly reflective to laser light.
Preferably, the laser input element is a laser cavity input mirror or a laser cavity input film train.
Preferably, a focusing device is arranged between the pumping light source and the laser input element.
Preferably, the initial parameters in step S1 include output mirror reflectivity, laser optical cavity length, and initial transmittance of the passively Q-switched crystal.
Preferably, the calculation formula of the stimulated emission cross section ratio of the adjacent longitudinal modes in the cavity in step S1 is as follows:
g＝Δn·σ(v，v0)
wherein the gain line type is f (v), the gain coefficient is g, and the longitudinal mode frequency is v0The interval between adjacent longitudinal modes is Deltav, and the frequency of adjacent longitudinal modes is v ═ v0Δ v, calculating the stimulated emission cross section ratio σ (v, v) of adjacent longitudinal modes in the cavity0)。
Preferably, the specific calculation process of step S2 is:
according to the relation expression of longitudinal mode power and time
Pn(t)＝P0nexp[kn(t-tn)2]
Wherein, P0nIs the noise power at the moment when the nth longitudinal mode is just established, tnFor the time when the nth longitudinal mode gain equals the loss, knA gain coefficient representing an nth longitudinal mode in a unit time; after the adjacent n +1 mode and n mode go back and forth for q times in the cavity, the corresponding power Pn+1And PnThe relationship of (a) is approximated as follows:
wherein, deltan+1And deltanRepresenting the loss of the n +1 mode and the n mode once round trip in the cavity, gn+1Gain factor, g, representing the n +1 longitudinal modenAnd represents the gain coefficient of the nth longitudinal mode.
Preferably, the laser velocity equation set in step S3 is:
ngs+nes＝ns0
wherein phi is the initial photon density, n is the inverse particle number density of the gain medium, trThe time of light going back and forth in the resonant cavity, c is the speed of light in vacuum, R is the reflectivity of the laser output mirror, l and lsRespectively, the length of the gain medium and the length of the saturable absorber, sigma is the stimulated emission cross section of the table gain medium, sigmagsAnd σesRespectively a ground state absorption cross section and an excited state absorption cross section of the saturable absorber, [ tau ]gsAnd tau is the ground state recovery time of the saturable absorber and the upper level life of the gain medium respectively, gamma is the inversion attenuation factor of the gain medium, and gamma is 1 in the four-level systemgs、nes、ns0The basis state population density, excited state population density and total population density of the saturable absorber are respectively.
Preferably, the pump light source can emit laser with the wavelength of 808 nanometers; one side of the laser input element, which is close to the focusing device, is plated with an antireflection film for the pump light, and one side of the laser input element, which is close to the laser gain medium, is plated with a film system for increasing the antireflection for the pump light and highly reflecting for 1064 nanometer laser; one side of the laser gain medium, which is close to the laser input element, is plated with a film which is anti-reflection to pumping light and highly reflective to 1064 nanometer light; the laser gain medium is Nd: YAG.
After adopting the technical scheme, compared with the background technology, the invention has the following advantages: by determining the optimal and mutually matched values of the reflectivity of an output mirror in the laser, the optical cavity length of the laser and the initial transmittance of the passive Q-switched crystal, the gain difference between the modes can be increased, and thus stable single longitudinal mode pulse laser output is obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a laser according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the detection results of the Fabry-Perot interferometer of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are all based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element of the present invention must have a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, a method for realizing single longitudinal mode output of a laser based on parameter optimization includes the following steps:
s1, calculating the stimulated emission cross section ratio of adjacent longitudinal modes in the cavity according to the gain line type and the gain coefficient of the gain medium and the optical cavity length of the laser;
s2, calculating a relation curve of the intensity ratio of adjacent longitudinal modes and the round-trip times of fluorescence in the cavity before longitudinal mode pulse establishment based on the gain difference between the adjacent longitudinal modes;
s3, based on the laser rate equation set, considering the intra-cavity loss and gain, and numerically solving the establishing process of adjacent longitudinal mode pulses;
and S4, quantitatively analyzing the influence of the initial parameters on the formation of the single longitudinal mode, and determining the initial parameters matched with each other to enable the laser to output single longitudinal mode pulse laser.
In the step S1, the laser includes a pump light source 1, a laser input element 3, a laser gain medium 4, a passive Q-switching crystal 5 and a laser output mirror 6 which are located on the same axis and optically connected in sequence; a film is arranged between the laser input element 3 and the passive Q-switched crystal 5; the film is anti-reflective to pump light and highly reflective to laser light.
The laser input element 3 is a laser cavity input mirror or a laser cavity input film system.
A focusing device 2 is arranged between the pumping light source 1 and the laser input element 3.
The initial parameters in step S1 include the output mirror reflectivity, the laser optical cavity length, and the initial transmittance of the passively Q-switched crystal 5.
The calculation formula of the stimulated emission cross section ratio of the adjacent longitudinal modes in the cavity in the step S1 is as follows:
g＝Δn·σ(v，v0)
wherein the gain line type is f (v), the gain coefficient is g, and the longitudinal mode frequency is v0The interval between adjacent longitudinal modes is Deltav, and the frequency of adjacent longitudinal modes is v ═ v0Δ v, calculating the stimulated emission cross section ratio σ (v, v) of adjacent longitudinal modes in the cavity0)。
The specific calculation process of step S2 is:
according to the relation expression of longitudinal mode power and time
Pn(t)＝P0nexp[kn(t-tn)2]
Wherein, P0nIs the noise power at the moment when the nth longitudinal mode is just established, tnFor the time when the nth longitudinal mode gain equals the loss, knA gain coefficient representing an nth longitudinal mode in a unit time; after the adjacent n +1 mode and n mode go back and forth for q times in the cavity, the corresponding power Pn+1And PnThe relationship of (a) is approximated as follows:
wherein, deltan+1And deltanRepresenting the loss of the n +1 mode and the n mode once round trip in the cavity, gn+1Gain factor, g, representing the n +1 longitudinal modenAnd represents the gain coefficient of the nth longitudinal mode.
The laser rate equation set in step S3 is:
ngs+nes＝ns0
wherein phi is the initial photon density, n is the inverse particle number density of the gain medium, trThe time of light going back and forth in the resonant cavity, c is the speed of light in vacuum, R is the reflectivity of the laser output mirror, l and lsRespectively the length of the gain medium and the length of the saturable absorber, sigma is the stimulated emission cross section of the gain medium, sigmagsAnd σesRespectively a ground state absorption cross section and an excited state absorption cross section of the saturable absorber, [ tau ]gsAnd tau is the ground state recovery time of the saturable absorber and the upper level life of the gain medium respectively, gamma is the inversion attenuation factor of the gain medium, and gamma is 1 in the four-level systemgs、nes、ns0The basis state population density, excited state population density and total population density of the saturable absorber are respectively.
The pump light source 1 can emit laser with the wavelength of 808 nanometers; one side of the laser input element 3, which is close to the focusing device 2, is plated with an antireflection film for pump light, and one side of the laser input element 3, which is close to the laser gain medium 4, is plated with a film system for antireflection for pump light and high reflection for 1064 nanometer laser; one side of the laser gain medium 4 close to the laser input element 3 is plated with a film which is anti-reflection to the pumping light and highly reflective to 1064 nanometer light; the laser gain medium 4 is Nd: YAG.
Experiments and simulations show that when the distance between Nd and YAG and the laser input element 3 is 5mm, the distance between Nd and YAG and Cr and YAG is 46mm, the distance between Cr and YAG and the laser output mirror is 2mm, the transmittance of the laser output mirror is 40%, the pumping power is 7.7W, and the laser is incident on the Nd and YAG with the pumping spot size of 330 μm, the laser works in a single longitudinal mode operation state. The detection result of the fabry-perot scanning interferometer is shown in fig. 2, and two pulses appear in two free ranges, which confirms that the laser works in a single longitudinal mode state.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A method for realizing single longitudinal mode output of a laser based on parameter optimization is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, calculating the stimulated emission cross section ratio of adjacent longitudinal modes in the cavity according to the gain line type and the gain coefficient of the gain medium and the optical cavity length of the laser;
s2, calculating a relation curve of the intensity ratio of adjacent longitudinal modes and the round-trip times of fluorescence in the cavity before longitudinal mode pulse establishment based on the gain difference between the adjacent longitudinal modes;
s3, based on the laser rate equation set, considering the intra-cavity loss and gain, and numerically solving the establishing process of adjacent longitudinal mode pulses;
and S4, quantitatively analyzing the influence of the initial parameters on the formation of the single longitudinal mode, and determining the initial parameters matched with each other to enable the laser to output single longitudinal mode pulse laser.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the laser in step S1 includes a pump light source, a laser input element, a laser gain medium, a passive Q-switching crystal, and a laser output mirror, all of which are located on the same axis and optically connected in sequence; a film is arranged between the laser input element and the passive Q-switching crystal; the film is anti-reflective to pump light and highly reflective to laser light.
3. The method for realizing single longitudinal mode output of the laser based on parameter optimization as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the laser input element is a laser cavity input mirror or a laser cavity input film system.
4. The method for realizing single longitudinal mode output of the laser based on parameter optimization as claimed in claim 2, wherein: and a focusing device is arranged between the pumping light source and the laser input element.
5. The method for achieving single longitudinal mode output of laser based on parameter optimization as claimed in claim 1, wherein the initial parameters in step S1 include output mirror reflectivity, laser optical cavity length and initial transmittance of the passively Q-switched crystal.
6. The method for realizing single longitudinal mode output of laser based on parameter optimization of claim 1, wherein the calculation formula of the stimulated emission cross section ratio of the adjacent longitudinal modes in the cavity in the step S1 is as follows:
g＝Δn·σ(v，v0)
wherein the gain line type is f (v), the gain coefficient is g, and the longitudinal mode frequency is v0The interval between adjacent longitudinal modes is Deltav, and the frequency of adjacent longitudinal modes is v ═ v0Δ v, calculating the stimulated emission cross section ratio σ (v, v) of adjacent longitudinal modes in the cavity0)。
7. The method for realizing single longitudinal mode output of laser based on parameter optimization as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific calculation process of step S2 is as follows:
according to the relation expression of longitudinal mode power and time
Pn(t)＝P0nexp[kn(t-tn)2]
Wherein, P0nIs the noise power at the moment when the nth longitudinal mode is just established, tnFor the nth longitudinal mode gain to be equal to the lossTime of (k)nA gain coefficient representing an nth longitudinal mode in a unit time; after the adjacent n +1 mode and n mode go back and forth for q times in the cavity, the corresponding power Pn+1And PnThe relationship of (a) is approximated as follows:
wherein, deltan+1And deltanRepresenting the loss of the n +1 mode and the n mode once round trip in the cavity, gn+1Gain factor, g, representing the n +1 longitudinal modenAnd represents the gain coefficient of the nth longitudinal mode.
8. The method for realizing single longitudinal mode output of laser based on parameter optimization as claimed in claim 1, wherein the laser velocity equation set in step S3 is:
ngs+nes＝ns0
wherein phi is the initial photon density, n is the inverse particle number density of the gain medium, trThe time of light going back and forth in the resonant cavity, c is the speed of light in vacuum, R is the reflectivity of the laser output mirror, l and lsRespectively the length of the gain medium and the length of the saturable absorber, sigma is the stimulated emission cross section of the gain medium, sigmagsAnd σesRespectively a ground state absorption cross section and an excited state absorption cross section of the saturable absorber, [ tau ]gsAnd tau is the ground state recovery time of the saturable absorber and the upper level life of the gain medium respectively, gamma is the inversion attenuation factor of the gain medium, and gamma is 1 in the four-level systemgs、nes、ns0The basis state population density, excited state population density and total population density of the saturable absorber are respectively.
9. The method for realizing single longitudinal mode output of the laser based on parameter optimization as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the pump light source can emit laser with the wavelength of 808 nanometers; one side of the laser input element, which is close to the focusing device, is plated with an antireflection film for the pump light, and one side of the laser input element, which is close to the laser gain medium, is plated with a film system for increasing the antireflection for the pump light and highly reflecting for 1064 nanometer laser; one side of the laser gain medium, which is close to the laser input element, is plated with a film which is anti-reflection to pumping light and highly reflective to 1064 nanometer light; the laser gain medium is Nd: YAG.
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4901322A (en) * | 1988-07-01 | 1990-02-13 | Spectra-Physics, Inc. | Tunable pulsed single longitudinal mode laser oscillator |
| US5412673A (en) * | 1993-12-22 | 1995-05-02 | Hoya Corporation | Single longitudinal mode laser without seeding |
| CN104158082A (en) * | 2014-09-03 | 2014-11-19 | 四川卓众科技有限公司 | Method and solid laser device for outputting macro-energy single longitudinal mode short-pulse lasers |
| US20160359293A1 (en) * | 2015-06-05 | 2016-12-08 | Thales Holdings Uk Plc | Controlling emission of an optical pulse from a laser |
| CN110932080A (en) * | 2019-05-09 | 2020-03-27 | 长春理工大学 | Single longitudinal mode laser |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4901322A (en) * | 1988-07-01 | 1990-02-13 | Spectra-Physics, Inc. | Tunable pulsed single longitudinal mode laser oscillator |
| US5412673A (en) * | 1993-12-22 | 1995-05-02 | Hoya Corporation | Single longitudinal mode laser without seeding |
| CN104158082A (en) * | 2014-09-03 | 2014-11-19 | 四川卓众科技有限公司 | Method and solid laser device for outputting macro-energy single longitudinal mode short-pulse lasers |
| US20160359293A1 (en) * | 2015-06-05 | 2016-12-08 | Thales Holdings Uk Plc | Controlling emission of an optical pulse from a laser |
| CN110932080A (en) * | 2019-05-09 | 2020-03-27 | 长春理工大学 | Single longitudinal mode laser |
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