CN114156562A - Periodic reciprocating flow air-cooled battery thermal management system and control method - Google Patents
Periodic reciprocating flow air-cooled battery thermal management system and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114156562A CN114156562A CN202111469965.1A CN202111469965A CN114156562A CN 114156562 A CN114156562 A CN 114156562A CN 202111469965 A CN202111469965 A CN 202111469965A CN 114156562 A CN114156562 A CN 114156562A
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- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 70
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009125 negative feedback regulation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 4
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/625—Vehicles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/63—Control systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
- H01M10/643—Cylindrical cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6561—Gases
- H01M10/6563—Gases with forced flow, e.g. by blowers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6561—Gases
- H01M10/6566—Means within the gas flow to guide the flow around one or more cells, e.g. manifolds, baffles or other barriers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
A periodic reciprocating flow air-cooled battery thermal management system realizes targeted temperature negative feedback regulation on local overheating working conditions of a battery pack by controlling the on-off of electromagnetic valves distributed around a shell and the rotation direction of a fan. According to the battery thermal management system, the air channels controlled by the electromagnetic valves are arranged on the front side, the rear side, the left side and the right side of the shell of the battery module, and when the working condition of overhigh local temperature is found through real-time monitoring of the temperature of the battery, the electromagnetic valves on the front side and the rear side, which are close to the high-temperature part, are opened, the air flow rate can be increased, and the flow field is changed until the temperature distribution is recovered to be uniform; meanwhile, the fans on the left side, the right side, the front side and the rear side can be reversed, the flow field direction is changed, the problems that the temperature difference between the air inlet side and the air outlet side of the battery pack is large and thermal runaway is caused due to local heat concentration are solved under the condition that the power consumption of the battery thermal management system is slightly increased, the temperature uniformity of the whole system is improved, the service life of a battery is prolonged, and the safe and efficient work of the battery is guaranteed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of battery thermal management of electric automobiles, relates to a structure optimization and control strategy of a battery thermal management system, and particularly relates to a periodic reciprocating air-cooling battery thermal management system and a control method.
Background
Most of existing electric automobiles are driven by a lithium battery pack, the battery pack can generate a large amount of heat in the rapid charging and discharging process, the temperature of a battery rises, the battery is out of control due to the fact that the temperature is too high or the distribution is not uniform, the service life is influenced, potential safety hazards such as explosion are brought, and therefore battery thermal management of the battery pack is very important. Among the various cooling technologies currently used, the air cooling technology is most widely used because of its advantages of simple structure, easy installation, low power consumption, low cost, no pollution of cooling fluid, etc. The working conditions that the temperature difference between an air inlet and an air outlet is large and the local temperature is too high easily occur in a traditional air-cooling battery thermal management system, so that the temperature distribution is not uniform, the working conditions are one of the main reasons for thermal runaway of a power lithium battery pack, and the service life and the use safety of the battery pack are seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a periodic reciprocating flow air-cooling battery thermal management system and a control method thereof, which consider the local heat concentration working condition, arrange electromagnetic valves at the front side and the rear side of a battery pack shell to control air channels, and enable air at the left side and the right side to flow in a periodic reciprocating manner, when a reversible fan reverses periodically to form reciprocating flow, the electromagnetic valves of the front side and the rear side air channels adjacent to a high-temperature area and the reversible fan II are opened to enable low-temperature high-speed air to directly carry out heat convection with the high-temperature area so as to rapidly reduce the temperature and recover the temperature distribution uniformity, and on the premise of improving smaller power consumption, the air flow rate distribution of each cooling channel in the battery thermal management system is changed, and the problem of local heat concentration is solved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a heat management system for periodically reciprocating air-cooled batteries is characterized in that the heat management system comprises a left air channel, a right air channel, a front air channel and a rear air channel, each air channel consists of a header pipe and branch pipes, each branch pipe is communicated with the inside of a battery pack shell, each branch pipe corresponds to one cooling channel, an electromagnetic valve is arranged on each branch pipe of the front air channel and the rear air channel, a first reversible fan is arranged on the header pipe of the left air channel or the right air channel, a second reversible fan is arranged on the header pipe of the front air channel or the rear air channel, and the reversible fans are periodically reversed to realize the reciprocating air flow.
Preferably, the plurality of cells are arranged in a rectangular array to form a battery pack, and the battery pack shell is of a cuboid structure.
Preferably, the branch pipes are opposite to the cooling flow channels of the cell gaps, and the header pipes are symmetrical about the center line of the surface of the battery pack shell, so that air directly flows through the cell gaps, and the flow resistance is reduced.
Preferably, the batteries are provided with temperature sensors, the temperature sensors are connected with a controller, the controller is connected with the electromagnetic valves, the first reversible fan and the second reversible fan, and under the normal working condition, the electromagnetic valves are closed, and air flows in from the left air channel and flows out from the right air channel or flows in from the right air channel and flows out from the left air channel; when the temperature sensor monitors that the temperature of a certain battery is overhigh, the electromagnetic valves on the branch pipes of the front-side air channel and the rear-side air channel corresponding to the cooling channel nearest to the high-temperature area are opened, the reversible fan II is simultaneously started, the direction of the reversible fan II is determined according to the high-temperature area, so that the high-speed airflow and the high-temperature area directly carry out convective heat exchange, and the temperature is quickly reduced; and after the temperature uniformity is recovered, the electromagnetic valve and the fan are closed, and the fan II can be reversed.
Preferably, if the high temperature region is close to the front side, the fan II can be reversely rotated to rotate forwards; if the high-temperature area is close to the rear side, the reversible fan II can be reversed; the reversible fan is periodically reversed if both high temperatures are detected on the front and rear sides of the battery pack or a high temperature is detected in the center row.
The invention also provides a control method of the periodic reciprocating flow air-cooling battery thermal management system, which is used for monitoring the temperature of each battery in real time or periodically:
if the temperature of each battery is in a normal range and the temperature of each battery is uniform, keeping each electromagnetic valve closed, and opening a first reversible fan to enable air to flow in from the left air channel and flow out from the right air channel or flow in from the right air channel and flow out from the left air channel;
if the temperature of one or more batteries exceeds a preset value, electromagnetic valves on branch pipes of the front-side air channel and the rear-side air channel corresponding to the cooling flow channel adjacent to the one or more batteries are opened, and a reversible fan II is simultaneously opened, so that the high-speed airflow and a high-temperature area directly carry out convective heat exchange, and the temperature is rapidly reduced until the temperature of each battery is within a normal range and is uniform.
Compared with the prior art, the invention reduces the highest temperature and the temperature difference of the single battery in the whole battery thermal management system and improves the temperature uniformity of the battery pack on the premise of less power consumption improvement by opening the front and rear side air channel electromagnetic valves and the reversible fan II adjacent to the high-temperature area while the reversible fan flows back and forth in a periodic reverse stroke.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a battery thermal management system according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a top view of a battery thermal management system of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a battery model for setting specific parameters according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a control flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the described embodiment is merely one presently preferred embodiment of the invention, and not to be taken as a complete description of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present invention is a thermal management system for periodically reciprocating air-cooled batteries, wherein a battery pack 5 is formed by a plurality of batteries, a cooling channel 6 is formed between adjacent batteries, and the battery pack 5 is disposed in a battery pack case 7. The heat management system comprises a left air channel 1, a right air channel 2, a front air channel 3 and a rear air channel 4, wherein each air channel consists of a header pipe and branch pipes, each branch pipe is communicated into a battery pack shell 7, and each branch pipe corresponds to one cooling flow channel 6. The present invention is provided with an electromagnetic valve 10 at each branch of at least the front air passage 3 and the rear air passage 4, a reversible fan 8 at least at the manifold of the left air passage 1 or the right air passage 2, and a reversible fan 9 at least at the manifold of the front air passage 3 or the rear air passage 4. The air is reciprocated by periodic inversion of the reversible fan I8. And when local heat concentration occurs, the electromagnetic valves 10 of the front air channel 3 and the rear air channel 4 near the high-temperature area and the reversible fan II 9 are opened to rapidly cool down.
In the present invention, when the reversible fan one 8 is disposed in the left air duct 1, it rotates forward, so that air enters the battery pack case 7 from the left air duct 1 and exits the battery pack case 7 from the right air duct 2. It reverses such that air enters the battery pack case 7 from the right air passage 2 and exits the battery pack case 7 from the left air passage 1.
In the present invention, when the second reversible fan 9 is disposed in the front air duct 3, it rotates forward so that air enters the battery pack case 7 from the front air duct 3 and exits the battery pack case 7 from the rear air duct 4. It reverses such that air enters the pack case 7 from the rear air passage 4 and exits the pack case 7 from the front air passage 3.
The operation of the first reversible fan 8 in the left air channel 1 and the second reversible fan 9 in the front air channel 3 will be described in detail below.
Air with constant temperature enters the cooling flow channel 6 between every two adjacent batteries through the left air channel 1 at constant flow rate to perform heat convection with the battery pack 5, and under the condition that no reciprocating flow and front and rear air channels exist, the temperature of the battery close to the left air inlet is lower, the temperature of the battery far away from the inlet is higher, the temperature uniformity is poor, and the highest temperature of a single battery is higher. By periodically reversing the reversible fan 8 even if the left air passage 1 and the right air passage 2 are alternately used as air inlets, the temperature uniformity is improved by adjusting the reversing period, and the cell temperatures near the left and right air passages are similar.
Even so, under the condition that does not have front and back side air channel, group battery 5 still can lead to the rate of heat generation to differ very greatly because of the slight difference between single battery self physical property, and then leads to temperature maldistribution, appears local heat and concentrates, probably leads to group battery thermal runaway, reduces battery life, causes the incident. After the electromagnetic valve 10 and the reversible fan II 9 are additionally arranged on the front and rear air channels, the electromagnetic valve 10 corresponding to the front and rear air channels nearest to the high-temperature part is opened under the working condition of local high temperature, the reversible fan II 9 is opened, the wind speed is adjusted according to specific temperature, the fan steering is determined according to specific high-temperature position, so that low-temperature high-speed airflow directly carries out strong convection heat exchange with the high-temperature part, heat is taken away quickly, the temperature is reduced, the electromagnetic valve and the reversible fan II are closed after the temperature uniformity is recovered to be within an acceptable threshold value, the temperature uniformity is improved, the potential safety hazard is reduced, and the service life of a battery is prolonged.
The battery adopted by the invention is generally preferably understood to be a lithium battery, the shape of which is preferably cylindrical, but batteries with other shapes can also be suitable, and the number of the batteries can be changed according to the specific conditions such as the battery capacity of the electric automobile. When adopting cylindrically, each battery is vertical to be placed, is the rectangle array and arranges, and cooling runner 6 then is criss-cross and arranges, and group battery casing 7 then adopts the cuboid structure adaptively. The material of the battery housing 7 includes, but is not limited to, a heat insulating material.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the branch ducts face the cooling flow passages 6 of the cell gaps, and the header ducts are symmetrical with respect to the center line of the surface of the pack case 7, so that air flows directly through the cell gaps, reducing the flow resistance.
In an embodiment of the present invention, each battery is provided with a temperature sensor to monitor the battery temperature, which may be, for example, real-time or periodic. The output end of each temperature sensor is connected with the output end of the controller, and the controller is connected with the electromagnetic valve 10, the reversible fan I8 and the reversible fan II 9 to control the opening and closing of each electromagnetic valve 10, the opening and closing and the forward and reverse rotation of the fan.
For example, if the temperature of each battery is within the normal range and the temperature of each battery is uniform, it indicates that the battery pack 5 is in the normal operating condition. At this point, the first reversible fan 8 is turned on, keeping the solenoid valves 10 closed, allowing air to flow in from the left air passage 1 and out from the right air passage 2, or to flow in from the right air passage 2 and out from the left air passage 1. And the air reciprocating flow is realized by the periodic inversion of the reversible fan I8.
If the temperature of one or more batteries exceeds a preset value, namely the temperature is too high, the electromagnetic valves 10 on the branch pipes of the front air channel 3 and the rear air channel 4 corresponding to the cooling channel 6 adjacent to the one or more batteries are opened, meanwhile, the reversible fan II 9 is opened, the air flow rate is increased according to the temperature, the high-speed air flow and a high-temperature area directly carry out convective heat exchange, and the temperature is rapidly reduced until the temperature of each battery is in a normal range and is uniform. The solenoid valve 10 and the reversible fan two 9 are closed to save pump work.
For example, if the high-temperature region is close to the front side, the second reversible fan 9 rotates forward; if the high-temperature area is close to the rear side, the reversible fan II 9 is reversed; if it is detected that high temperatures are present on both the front and rear sides of the battery pack or in the center row, the reversible fan two 9 is periodically reversed.
If the first reversible fans 8 are provided on the manifolds of the left air channel 1 and the right air channel 2, the two first reversible fans 8 can work in concert, one to control the incoming air flow and one to control the rapid exhaust air flow. Similarly, if the two reversible fans 9 are provided on the manifolds of the front air channel 3 and the rear air channel 4, the two reversible fans 9 may also work in conjunction to feed and discharge the air streams, respectively.
The shape, the number and the geometric parameters of the left air channel 1, the right air channel 2, the front air channel 3 and the rear air channel 4 are variable, and can be determined according to the installation condition of the electric automobile. The defined temperature of the local high temperature of the opening of the electromagnetic valve 10 and the reversible fan II 9 is variable, the highest air flow rate of the reversible fan II 9 is variable, the reversing period of the reversible fan I8 is variable, and the temperature setting can be set according to specific application scenes.
Illustratively, the invention can also be provided with an alarm indicator light, the alarm indicator light is connected with the controller, and the alarm indicator light is lightened when the detected highest temperature exceeds the maximum value of the working temperature of the battery of the type.
The pump power rises with the addition of the reversible fan two 9 and the plurality of solenoid valves 10, but the solution is of great practical significance in view of the life and safety of the battery pack 5.
When the first reversible fan 8 and the second reversible fan 9 are turned on simultaneously, the problems of vortex, backflow and the like are generated, and the pressure loss is increased; but the whole flow field is also disturbed, thereby being beneficial to the heat dissipation of the battery pack, reducing the highest temperature and improving the temperature uniformity. The optimal scheme can be obtained through multi-parameter optimization simulation.
Taking 18650 batteries as an example, fig. 1 and 2 show specific parameters of a battery pack case 7, wherein the height of the battery pack case 7 is 80mm, the length of the battery pack case 7 is 148mm, the width of the battery pack case is 56mm, the wall surface of the battery pack case 7 is a heat insulation wall surface, the thickness of the wall surface is neglected in the numerical simulation process, a battery pack 5 consisting of 18 cylindrical batteries is installed in the battery pack case 7, the distance between two adjacent batteries is 5mm, the distance between the battery on the left side and the battery on the right side and the wall surface of the outer shell of the battery pack case 7 is also 5mm, and the diameter of the inner wall of an air channel is 5 mm.
In this embodiment, the batteries in the battery pack 5 are numbered from the front to the back in three rows and from the left to the right in six rows, and in the first row, the batteries from the first row to the sixth row are numbered as [1,1], [1,2], [1,3], [1,4], [1,5], [1,6 ]; in the second row, the battery numbers from the first column to the sixth column are [2,1], [2,2], [2,3], [2,4], [2,5], [2,6 ]; in the third row, the battery numbers from the first column to the sixth column are [3,1], [3,2], [3,3], [3,4], [3,5], [3,6 ]; the front side air channel 3 is respectively provided with an electromagnetic valve 10-1, an electromagnetic valve 10-2, an electromagnetic valve 10-3, an electromagnetic valve 10-4 and an electromagnetic valve 10-5 on each branch pipe from left to right; the rear air channel 4 is respectively provided with an electromagnetic valve 10-6, an electromagnetic valve 10-7, an electromagnetic valve 10-8, an electromagnetic valve 10-9 and an electromagnetic valve 10-10 from left to right branch pipes. A first reversible fan 8 is disposed in the left air channel 1, and a second reversible fan 9 is disposed in the front air channel 3.
Fig. 3 shows specific parameters of a battery pack 5, the geometric dimensions of the battery are as follows: the diameter is 18mm, the height is 65mm, and the density of each battery of the battery pack 5 is 2523kg/m3The specific heat capacity of the cell was 1145J/kg.K, the thermal conductivity of the cell was anisotropic, 1.2W/m.K in the radial direction and 34.4W/m.K in the axial direction, and the heat production was 221000W/m.K assuming the cell was a constant heat source in the numerical simulation3。
Fig. 4 shows a flow of temperature control of the battery pack 5 in the above embodiment. After the reversible fan I8 changes the direction of rotation, namely a new cycle starts, after a period of operation, if the sensor detects that the local temperature reaches the upper limit of the working temperature threshold of the electromagnetic valve, the direction of rotation of the reversible fan II 9 is judged according to the position of a high-temperature area: if the fan is located in the third row, the reversible fan II 9 is reversed; if the fan is positioned in the first row, the fan II 9 can be reversely rotated to rotate forwards; the reversible fan two 9 is periodically reversed if it is present in the first row, the third row, or in the middle row at the same time. Next, the numbers of the opened front and rear electromagnetic valves are determined according to the specific position of each high-temperature region (since the temperatures of two adjacent battery cells are always close, each two battery cells in each row are grouped into one region for judgment), taking the first row as an example: if the high-temperature area is located in [1,1] and [1,2], opening the electromagnetic valves 10-1 and 10-6; if the high-temperature area is located in [1,2] and [1,3], opening the electromagnetic valves 10-2 and 10-7; the high temperature area is located at [1,3], and the electromagnetic valves 10-3 and 10-8 are opened at [1,4 ]; the high temperature area is located at [1,4], and the electromagnetic valves 10-4 and 10-9 are opened at [1,5 ]; the high temperature area is located at [1,5], and [1,6] the electromagnetic valves 10-5, 10-10 are opened. The second and third rows are the same. And repeating the detection until the highest temperature of the system is reduced to the lower limit of the working temperature threshold of the electromagnetic valve, changing the steering direction of the reversible fan I8, entering the next cycle, closing the electromagnetic valve 10 when the highest temperature at the initial stage of the cycle is lower than the upper limit of the working temperature threshold of the electromagnetic valve, and stopping the reversible fan II 9, thereby reducing the energy consumption. Detecting whether the highest temperature of the system exceeds the highest working temperature of the battery of the type when each cycle is finished, and if so, turning on an alarm indicator lamp; and if the maximum temperature is not exceeded, continuing the control strategy loop.
And setting the working temperature threshold of the electromagnetic valve to be 314K-324K, performing simulation calculation by adopting a two-dimensional simplified model, and performing simulation of uneven temperature distribution and introduction of a control strategy after normal working for a period of time. When the air flow rate is 3.5m/s and the initial temperature is 300K, the system steady state temperature during normal operation is 326K and the maximum temperature difference is 11K. The reversible fan I8 is reversed in a period of 400s, the highest temperature in each period is firstly reduced to 320K and then increased to 321K after the stable state is achieved, the temperature is reduced by 1.5 percent compared with the initial temperature, and the maximum temperature difference is reduced to 3.2K; opening a group of electromagnetic valves at the front side and the rear side of the high-temperature area when the highest temperature rises to 321K in each period, cooling at the air flow rate of 5m/s, stabilizing the temperature at 317K after 600s, reducing the temperature by 2.7 percent compared with the initial temperature, and reducing the temperature difference to 2.7K; and (3) transferring along with the opening of the electromagnetic valve in the high-temperature area, opening the front and rear electromagnetic valves corresponding to the second group of high-temperature areas, and reducing the maximum temperature to 314K after 400s, which is 3.7% lower than that in the initial state, wherein the maximum temperature difference is 1.4K. The control strategy can obviously reduce the highest temperature of the system and improve the temperature uniformity, thereby ensuring the safe operation of the system.
Based on all embodiments that can be mentioned in the present invention, those skilled in the art or familiar with the art can substitute or change the present invention concept without making innovative efforts within the scope of the present disclosure, and other embodiments can be obtained within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A heat management system for periodically reciprocating air-cooled batteries is disclosed, wherein a plurality of batteries form a battery pack (5), cooling channels (6) are arranged between adjacent batteries, the battery pack (5) is arranged in a battery pack shell (7), and the heat management system is characterized by comprising a left air channel (1), a right air channel (2), a front air channel (3) and a rear air channel (4), each air channel consists of a header pipe and branch pipes, each branch pipe is respectively communicated into the battery pack shell (7), each branch pipe corresponds to one cooling channel (6), an electromagnetic valve (10) is arranged on each branch pipe of the front air channel (3) and the rear air channel (4), a reversible fan I (8) is arranged on the header pipe of at least the left air channel (1) or the right air channel (2), a reversible fan II (9) is arranged on the header pipe of at least the front air channel (3) or the rear air channel (4), the reversible fan one (8) is periodically reversed to achieve air reciprocation.
2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the cells are arranged in a rectangular array to form a battery pack (5), and the battery pack housing (7) has a rectangular parallelepiped shape.
3. A periodic reciprocating flow air-cooled battery thermal management system according to claim 1, wherein the manifolds are aligned with the cooling channels (6) of the cell gaps and the manifolds are symmetrical about the surface centerline of the battery pack housing (7) to direct air flow through the cell gaps and reduce flow resistance.
4. A periodic reciprocating flow air-cooled battery thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that the batteries are each provided with a temperature sensor, which is connected to a controller, which is connected to the solenoid valves (10), the first reversible fan (8) and the second reversible fan (9), and that in normal operation the solenoid valves (10) are closed and air flows in from the left air channel (1), out from the right air channel (2) or in from the right air channel (2), out from the left air channel (1); when the temperature sensor monitors that the temperature of a certain battery is overhigh, the electromagnetic valves (10) on the branch pipes of the front side air channel (3) and the rear side air channel (4) corresponding to the cooling flow channel (6) nearest to the high-temperature area are opened, the reversible fan II (9) is simultaneously opened, the direction of the reversible fan II (9) is determined according to the high-temperature area, so that high-speed airflow and the high-temperature area directly carry out convective heat exchange, and the temperature is rapidly reduced; after the temperature uniformity is recovered, the electromagnetic valve (10) and the fan can be closed, and the fan II (9) can be reversed.
5. The system according to claim 4, wherein if the high temperature zone is near the front, then the reversible fan two (9) is rotated in the forward direction; if the high-temperature area is close to the rear side, the reversible fan II (9) is reversed; if high temperature is detected on the front side and the rear side of the battery pack (5) or high temperature is detected on the middle row of the battery pack (5), the second reversible fan (9) is periodically reversed.
6. The method of controlling a periodic reciprocating flow air-cooled battery thermal management system of claim 1, wherein the temperature of each battery is monitored in real time or periodically:
if the temperature of each battery is in a normal range and the temperature of each battery is uniform, keeping each electromagnetic valve (10) closed, opening a reversible fan I (8) and keeping the reversible fan I in periodic reversal all the time, so that air flows in from the left air channel (1) and flows out from the right air channel (2), or flows in from the right air channel (2) and flows out from the left air channel (1);
if the temperature of one or more batteries exceeds a preset value, electromagnetic valves (10) on branch pipes of the front-side air channel (3) and the rear-side air channel (4) corresponding to the cooling flow channel (6) adjacent to the one or more batteries are opened, and meanwhile, a reversible fan II (9) is opened, so that high-speed airflow and a high-temperature area directly carry out convective heat exchange, and the temperature is rapidly reduced until the temperature of each battery is within a normal range and is uniform.
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