CN111933969A - Balanced heat dissipation fuel cell thermal management system and control method - Google Patents
Balanced heat dissipation fuel cell thermal management system and control method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 190
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
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- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 165
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 137
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 claims description 34
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- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 131
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
- H01M8/04358—Temperature; Ambient temperature of the coolant
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
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Abstract
The invention provides a fuel cell heat management system with balanced heat dissipation and a control method, which are used for heat dissipation management of a water-cooled fuel cell, wherein the heat management system comprises a controller, a temperature sensor and a cooling liquid supply channel with a built-in electromagnetic valve; the coolant supply channel meets the fuel cell coolant channel at the P1 end and the P2 end; the controller collects the temperature of the P1 end and the P2 end of the fuel cell cooling liquid channel through temperature sensors and controls the flow direction of the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid supply channel according to the temperature, so that the higher temperature end of the P1 end and the P2 end is used as the cooling liquid inflow end of the fuel cell cooling liquid channel; the invention can reduce the internal temperature difference of the water-cooled fuel cell stack and improve the temperature field distribution uniformity of the fuel cell stack.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a fuel cell thermal management system with balanced heat dissipation and a control method.
Background
The fuel cell is an electrochemical power generation device, directly converts chemical energy into electric energy without a heat engine combustion process, is not limited by Carnot cycle, has high energy conversion efficiency, and is free of noise and pollution, and is becoming an ideal energy utilization mode. The reaction heat generated by the fuel cell during power generation accounts for about 30-60% of the total energy, the performance of the fuel cell system has a close relation with the temperature of the electric pile, and the reaction activity of the electric pile is increased by increasing the temperature of the electric pile, so that the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell is improved. Part of heat energy is used for maintaining the fuel cell in the active reaction temperature and naturally dissipating the heat energy when contacting the external environment, most of the heat energy needs to be discharged and cooled by a temperature management system, and if the reaction heat generation and the dissipated heat energy are not balanced, the fuel cell is overheated, so that the fuel cell membrane and the catalytic layer are irreversibly damaged, and the performance is degraded. Therefore, to ensure that the fuel cell has good power output performance, reliable safety and long service life, an effective thermal management strategy must be established to improve the adaptability of the operating temperature of the fuel cell power system to the working conditions and the environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a fuel cell thermal management system with balanced heat dissipation and a control method thereof, which can reduce the internal temperature difference of a water-cooled fuel cell stack and improve the temperature field distribution uniformity of the fuel cell stack.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme.
A fuel cell heat management system with balanced heat dissipation is used for heat dissipation management of a water-cooled fuel cell and comprises a controller, a temperature sensor and a cooling liquid supply channel with a built-in electromagnetic valve; the coolant supply channel meets the fuel cell coolant channel at the P1 end and the P2 end; the controller collects the temperatures of the ends P1 and P2 of the fuel cell cooling liquid channel through temperature sensors, and controls the flow direction of the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid supply channel according to the temperatures, so that the higher temperature end of the ends P1 and P2 is used as the cooling liquid inflow end of the fuel cell cooling liquid channel.
The input end of the cooling liquid supply channel is provided with a first three-way pipeline, and the output end of the cooling liquid supply channel is provided with a second three-way pipeline; the input end of the first three-way pipeline is connected with the cold water end of a hot water circulating pipeline of the heat exchanger through a first water pump; the output end of the second three-way pipeline is connected with the hot water end of a hot water circulating pipeline of the heat exchanger; when the thermal management system works, the first water pump drives the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid supply channel and the cooling liquid channel of the fuel cell to flow;
the P1 end of the fuel cell cooling liquid channel is connected with one end of a third three-way pipeline, and the other two ends of the third three-way pipeline are respectively connected with the first three-way pipeline and the second three-way pipeline;
the P2 end of the fuel cell cooling liquid channel is connected with one end of a fourth three-way pipeline; the other two ends of the fourth three-way pipeline are respectively connected with the first three-way pipeline and the second three-way pipeline.
The P1 end and the P2 end are channel port ends of a fuel cell cooling liquid channel; the controller collects the temperature of the end part of the channel opening of the cooling liquid channel of the fuel cell and the temperature of the P0 bit in the middle section of the cooling liquid channel of the fuel cell through the temperature sensor, and controls the working condition of the first water pump according to the temperature so as to control the heat dissipation capacity of the fuel cell by adjusting the flow rate of the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid channel of the fuel cell.
The other two ends of the first three-way pipeline, which are not connected with the first water pump, are output ends, and an electromagnetic valve V1 and an electromagnetic valve V2 are respectively arranged at the two output ends;
the other two ends of the second three-way pipeline, which are not connected with the hot water end of the hot water circulating pipeline of the heat exchanger, are input ends, and the two input ends are respectively communicated with an electromagnetic valve V3 and an electromagnetic valve V5;
the other two ends of the fourth three-way pipeline, which are not connected with the end of the fuel cell cooling liquid channel P2, are respectively communicated with an electromagnetic valve V4 and an electromagnetic valve V5; the input end of the electromagnetic valve V4 is also communicated with the output end of an electromagnetic valve V1 at the output end of the first three-way pipeline;
and the other two ends of the third three-way pipeline, which are not connected with the end of the fuel cell cooling liquid channel P1, are respectively communicated with an electromagnetic valve V2 and an electromagnetic valve V3.
When the controller controls the flow direction of the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid supply channel, if the temperature of the P1 end is higher than that of the P2 end and the temperature difference is higher than the threshold value N, the controller opens the electromagnetic valves V1, V3 and V4 and closes the electromagnetic valves V2 and V5 so that the cooling liquid flows in from the P1 end to preferentially cool the P1 end and the adjacent fuel cell area; if the temperature of the P2 end is higher than that of the P1 end and the temperature difference is higher than the threshold value N, the controller opens the electromagnetic valves V2 and V5 and closes the electromagnetic valves V1, V3 and V4, so that the cooling liquid flows in from the P2 end to preferentially cool the P2 end and the adjacent fuel cell area; if the temperature difference between the ends P1 and P2 is less than the threshold value N, the controller does not change the flow direction of the cooling liquid.
The cooling liquid is water; the heat exchanger comprises a hot water circulating pipeline and a cold water circulating pipeline; the hot water circulating pipeline is communicated with the cooling liquid supply channel; the hot water circulating pipeline is closely adjacent to the cold water circulating pipeline to form a heat exchange structure with mutually isolated water circulation; the cold water circulating pipeline is communicated with the water storage barrel; water in the water storage barrel is pumped into the cold water circulating pipeline through the second water pump, and the hot water circulating pipeline is cooled through a heat exchange effect; a third water pump capable of injecting cold water into the water storage barrel is further arranged at the cold water input end of the water storage barrel;
the control module can control the working conditions of the second water pump and the third water pump to adjust the heat exchange performance of the heat exchange structure, so that the temperature difference of the cooling liquid at the output end and the input end of the cooling liquid supply channel is adjusted.
The control method adopts the fuel cell thermal management system, and comprises the following steps;
step S1: designing a cooling liquid channel of the fuel cell capable of radiating heat of the water-cooled fuel cell to be communicated with a cooling liquid supply channel capable of changing the flow direction of the cooling liquid;
step S2: calculating the temperature difference between P1 and P2 according to the real-time temperatures collected by the temperature sensors at the end P1 and the end P2 of the channel opening of the fuel cell cooling liquid channel, and judging and controlling the flow direction of the cooling liquid through a finite state machine strategy to realize the balanced distribution of the thermal field of the fuel cell;
step S3: the internal temperature dynamic equation of the fuel cell stack is described by the lumped parameter energy conservation equation to analyze the heat production and heat dissipation conditions of the fuel cell, the real-time temperature of the fuel cell measured at the middle position P0 of the cooling liquid channel of the fuel cell is used as a feedback signal, and the flow rate of the cooling liquid is adjusted in real time by adopting a feedback control mode to realize the control of the working temperature of the fuel cell.
The step S2 includes the following steps;
s21, acquiring real-time temperature data at P0, P1 and P2 by a data acquisition card of the controller through a temperature sensor, and calculating the reasonable flow direction of the cooling liquid by the controller through a finite state machine strategy;
and step S22, the controller sends a control instruction to the electronic switch of the cooling liquid supply channel through the data card to control the opening and closing state of the electromagnetic valve of the cooling liquid supply channel, so that the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid supply channel flows in a reasonable flow direction according to the cooling liquid obtained by the controller.
In step S3, the internal temperature dynamics equation of the fuel cell stack described by the lumped parameter energy conservation equation is
In the formula, mfcIs the mass of the fuel cell, CfcIs the specific heat capacity, T, of the fuel cellfcIs the temperature of the fuel cell, t is the time, HreacThe total energy produced by the fuel cell is defined as
In the formula, T0The initial temperature of the fuel cell stack is the same as the ambient temperature, PelecThe power generated for the fuel cell is defined as
Pelec＝Vst×IstFormula 3;
in the formula, VstIs the voltage of the fuel cell output, IstIs the current, Q, output by the fuel cellrad,B2ambIs the heat lost by radiation and is defined as
In the formula AB2amb,radIs the area of the exchange area,radis the emissivity; qcoolIs the heat removed by the cooling system and can be defined as
From the above calculation, the heat dissipation of the cooling system of the fuel cell coolant channel is related to the water flow of the fuel cell coolant channel, and the determination of the heat exchange coefficient of the cooling liquid adopts the dituse Boelter correlation method of the turbulent pipe flow.
The step S3, in which the feedback control mode is adopted for the fuel cell temperature control, is specifically: setting the flow of the cooling liquid supply channel and the cooling liquid channel of the fuel cell as internal circulation, and the flow of the water of the heat exchanger and the water storage barrel as external circulation;
controlling the flow rate of the cooling liquid channel of the fuel cell by a first water pump in the internal circulation, and simultaneously controlling the flow rate of water flow in a cold water circulation pipeline in the heat exchanger by a second water pump in the external circulation, thereby controlling the heat exchange rate between the internal circulation and the external circulation so as to adjust the temperature difference of the cooling liquid at the two ends of the inlet and the outlet of the internal circulation;
if the temperature of the water storage barrel on one side of the external circulation is continuously increased so that the heat exchange effect of the internal circulation and the external circulation is not good, the cooling effect of the heat exchange is improved by discharging hot water in the water storage barrel and reducing the temperature on one side of the external circulation in a mode that the third water pump injects cold water into the water storage barrel, and the adjustment of the heat dissipation process of the fuel cell is optimized.
In summary, the invention firstly designs a heat management system of the water-cooled fuel cell, which comprises a cooling liquid channel system and a balance heat dissipation system capable of changing the flow direction of the cooling liquid; secondly, calculating the temperature difference between P1 and P2 according to the real-time temperatures collected by the temperature sensors at the P1 end and the P2 end of the inlet end and the outlet end of the cooling liquid of the fuel cell, and judging the flow direction of the cooling liquid through a finite state machine strategy to realize the balanced distribution of a thermal field of the fuel cell; and finally, describing an internal temperature kinetic equation of the fuel cell stack by using a lumped parameter energy conservation equation to analyze the heat production and heat dissipation conditions of the fuel cell, taking the real-time temperature of the fuel cell measured at the middle position P0 of the inlet end and the outlet end of the cooling liquid as a feedback signal, and adjusting the flow rate of the cooling liquid in real time by adopting a feedback control mode to realize the control of the working temperature of the fuel cell.
The invention provides a balanced heat dissipation mode for reducing the internal temperature difference of the fuel cell and improving the uniformity of the internal temperature field distribution of the fuel cell, and a feedback control mode is adopted to realize the control of the working temperature of the fuel cell.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention aims to provide a water-cooled fuel cell, which can generate a large amount of heat in the operation process of the fuel cell, and when the fuel cell is radiated by cooling liquid, because the fuel cell stack has a certain volume, the cooling effect of the stack at a cooling liquid inlet is larger than that at an outlet, so that the internal temperature difference of the fuel cell and the internal temperature field distribution are not uniform;
2. according to the invention, the temperature difference between P1 and P2 is calculated according to the real-time temperatures collected by the temperature sensors at the P1 end and the P2 end of the inlet end and the P2 end of the cooling liquid of the fuel cell, and the flow direction of the cooling liquid is judged by a finite state machine strategy, so that the flow direction of the cooling liquid is changed in real time along with the change of the temperature field of the fuel cell, the balanced distribution of the thermal field of the fuel cell is achieved, the internal temperature difference of the fuel cell is effectively reduced, and the phenomena of local aging and inconsistent output power of the cell caused by the internal temperature difference are reduced;
3. the invention describes the internal temperature dynamic equation of the fuel cell stack by the lumped parameter energy conservation equation to analyze the heat production and heat dissipation conditions of the fuel cell, takes the real-time temperature of the fuel cell measured at the middle position P0 of the inlet end and the outlet end of the cooling liquid as a feedback signal, adopts a feedback control mode to adjust the flow rate of the cooling liquid in real time, realizes the control of the working temperature of the fuel cell, ensures that the cooling system adjusts the flow rate of the cooling liquid in real time on the basis of balanced heat dissipation, and realizes the heat management of the balanced heat dissipation of the fuel cell.
Drawings
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and detailed description:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the temperature difference result of the surface of a single cell of a water-cooled fuel cell during the heat management of a water-cooled system in which the traditional cooling liquid flows forwards;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the temperature difference result of the surface of a single cell of a water-cooled fuel cell in the conventional water cooling system heat management of a cooling liquid reverse flow direction;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the temperature difference results of the surfaces of single cells of a water-cooled fuel cell in the embodiment of the invention when the water-cooled fuel cell can change the flow direction of cooling liquid in the heat management of a water-cooled system;
in the figure: 1-solenoid valve V1; 2-solenoid valve V2; 3-solenoid valve V3; 4-solenoid valve V4; 5-solenoid valve V5; 6-temperature sensor; 7-a fuel cell; 8-a heat exchanger; 9-a water storage barrel; 10-a first water pump; 11-a first three-way pipe; 12-a second three-way pipe; 13-a third three-way pipe; 14-a fourth tee pipe; 15-a second water pump; 16-a third water pump; 17-a cooling liquid supply channel; 18-fuel cell coolant channels.
Detailed Description
As shown in the figure, a fuel cell thermal management system with balanced heat dissipation is used for heat dissipation management of a water-cooled fuel cell, and comprises a controller, a temperature sensor and a cooling liquid supply channel with a built-in electromagnetic valve; the coolant supply channel meets the fuel cell coolant channel at the P1 end and the P2 end; the controller collects the temperatures of the ends P1 and P2 of the fuel cell cooling liquid channel through temperature sensors, and controls the flow direction of the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid supply channel according to the temperatures, so that the higher temperature end of the ends P1 and P2 is used as the cooling liquid inflow end of the fuel cell cooling liquid channel.
The input end of the cooling liquid supply channel is provided with a first three-way pipeline, and the output end of the cooling liquid supply channel is provided with a second three-way pipeline; the input end of the first three-way pipeline is connected with the cold water end of a hot water circulating pipeline of the heat exchanger through a first water pump; the output end of the second three-way pipeline is connected with the hot water end of a hot water circulating pipeline of the heat exchanger; when the thermal management system works, the first water pump drives the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid supply channel and the cooling liquid channel of the fuel cell to flow;
the P1 end of the fuel cell cooling liquid channel is connected with one end of a third three-way pipeline, and the other two ends of the third three-way pipeline are respectively connected with the first three-way pipeline and the second three-way pipeline;
the P2 end of the fuel cell cooling liquid channel is connected with one end of a fourth three-way pipeline; the other two ends of the fourth three-way pipeline are respectively connected with the first three-way pipeline and the second three-way pipeline.
The P1 end and the P2 end are channel port ends of a fuel cell cooling liquid channel; the controller collects the temperature of the end part of the channel opening of the cooling liquid channel of the fuel cell and the temperature of the P0 bit in the middle section of the cooling liquid channel of the fuel cell through the temperature sensor, and controls the working condition of the first water pump according to the temperature so as to control the heat dissipation capacity of the fuel cell by adjusting the flow rate of the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid channel of the fuel cell.
The other two ends of the first three-way pipeline, which are not connected with the first water pump, are output ends, and an electromagnetic valve V1 and an electromagnetic valve V2 are respectively arranged at the two output ends;
the other two ends of the second three-way pipeline, which are not connected with the hot water end of the hot water circulating pipeline of the heat exchanger, are input ends, and the two input ends are respectively communicated with an electromagnetic valve V3 and an electromagnetic valve V5;
the other two ends of the fourth three-way pipeline, which are not connected with the end of the fuel cell cooling liquid channel P2, are respectively communicated with an electromagnetic valve V4 and an electromagnetic valve V5; the input end of the electromagnetic valve V4 is also communicated with the output end of an electromagnetic valve V1 at the output end of the first three-way pipeline;
and the other two ends of the third three-way pipeline, which are not connected with the end of the fuel cell cooling liquid channel P1, are respectively communicated with an electromagnetic valve V2 and an electromagnetic valve V3.
When the controller controls the flow direction of the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid supply channel, if the temperature of the P1 end is higher than that of the P2 end and the temperature difference is higher than the threshold value N, the controller opens the electromagnetic valves V1, V3 and V4 and closes the electromagnetic valves V2 and V5 so that the cooling liquid flows in from the P1 end to preferentially cool the P1 end and the adjacent fuel cell area; if the temperature of the P2 end is higher than that of the P1 end and the temperature difference is higher than the threshold value N, the controller opens the electromagnetic valves V2 and V5 and closes the electromagnetic valves V1, V3 and V4, so that the cooling liquid flows in from the P2 end to preferentially cool the P2 end and the adjacent fuel cell area; if the temperature difference between the ends P1 and P2 is less than the threshold value N, the controller does not change the flow direction of the cooling liquid.
The cooling liquid is water; the heat exchanger comprises a hot water circulating pipeline and a cold water circulating pipeline; the hot water circulating pipeline is communicated with the cooling liquid supply channel; the hot water circulating pipeline is closely adjacent to the cold water circulating pipeline to form a heat exchange structure with mutually isolated water circulation; the cold water circulating pipeline is communicated with the water storage barrel; water in the water storage barrel is pumped into the cold water circulating pipeline through the second water pump, and the hot water circulating pipeline is cooled through a heat exchange effect; a third water pump capable of injecting cold water into the water storage barrel is further arranged at the cold water input end of the water storage barrel;
the control module can control the working conditions of the second water pump and the third water pump to adjust the heat exchange performance of the heat exchange structure, so that the temperature difference of the cooling liquid at the output end and the input end of the cooling liquid supply channel is adjusted.
The control method adopts the fuel cell thermal management system, and comprises the following steps;
step S1: designing a cooling liquid channel of the fuel cell capable of radiating heat of the water-cooled fuel cell to be communicated with a cooling liquid supply channel capable of changing the flow direction of the cooling liquid;
step S2: calculating the temperature difference between P1 and P2 according to the real-time temperatures collected by the temperature sensors at the end P1 and the end P2 of the channel opening of the fuel cell cooling liquid channel, and judging and controlling the flow direction of the cooling liquid through a finite state machine strategy to realize the balanced distribution of the thermal field of the fuel cell;
step S3: the internal temperature dynamic equation of the fuel cell stack is described by the lumped parameter energy conservation equation to analyze the heat production and heat dissipation conditions of the fuel cell, the real-time temperature of the fuel cell measured at the middle position P0 of the cooling liquid channel of the fuel cell is used as a feedback signal, and the flow rate of the cooling liquid is adjusted in real time by adopting a feedback control mode to realize the control of the working temperature of the fuel cell.
The step S2 includes the following steps;
s21, acquiring real-time temperature data at P0, P1 and P2 by a data acquisition card of the controller through a temperature sensor, and calculating the reasonable flow direction of the cooling liquid by the controller through a finite state machine strategy;
and step S22, the controller sends a control instruction to the electronic switch of the cooling liquid supply channel through the data card to control the opening and closing state of the electromagnetic valve of the cooling liquid supply channel, so that the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid supply channel flows in a reasonable flow direction according to the cooling liquid obtained by the controller.
In step S3, the internal temperature dynamics equation of the fuel cell stack described by the lumped parameter energy conservation equation is
In the formula, mfcIs the mass of the fuel cell, CfcIs the specific heat capacity, T, of the fuel cellfcIs the temperature of the fuel cell, t is the time, HreacThe total energy produced by the fuel cell is defined as
In the formula, T0The initial temperature of the fuel cell stack is the same as the ambient temperature, PelecThe power generated for the fuel cell is defined as
Pelec＝Vst×IstFormula 3;
in the formula, VstIs the voltage of the fuel cell output, IstIs the current, Q, output by the fuel cellrad,B2ambIs the heat lost by radiation and is defined as
In the formula AB2amb,radIs the area of the exchange area,radis the emissivity; qcoolIs the heat removed by the cooling system and can be defined as
From the above calculation, the heat dissipation of the cooling system of the fuel cell coolant channel is related to the water flow of the fuel cell coolant channel, and the determination of the heat exchange coefficient of the cooling liquid adopts the dituse Boelter correlation method of the turbulent pipe flow.
The step S3, in which the feedback control mode is adopted for the fuel cell temperature control, is specifically: setting the flow of the cooling liquid supply channel and the cooling liquid channel of the fuel cell as internal circulation, and the flow of the water of the heat exchanger and the water storage barrel as external circulation;
controlling the flow rate of the cooling liquid channel of the fuel cell by a first water pump in the internal circulation, and simultaneously controlling the flow rate of water flow in a cold water circulation pipeline in the heat exchanger by a second water pump in the external circulation, thereby controlling the heat exchange rate between the internal circulation and the external circulation so as to adjust the temperature difference of the cooling liquid at the two ends of the inlet and the outlet of the internal circulation;
if the temperature of the water storage barrel on one side of the external circulation is continuously increased so that the heat exchange effect of the internal circulation and the external circulation is not good, the cooling effect of the heat exchange is improved by discharging hot water in the water storage barrel and reducing the temperature on one side of the external circulation in a mode that the third water pump injects cold water into the water storage barrel, and the adjustment of the heat dissipation process of the fuel cell is optimized.
In this example, the position P0 is an intermediate position between the inlet and outlet ends of the internal coolant passage of the fuel cell, and the control portion detects the internal temperature of the fuel cell via the temperature sensor at the position P0.
As shown in fig. 3, fig. 4 and fig. 5, the temperature difference results of the surface of the single cell of the water-cooled fuel cell in the conventional heat management method for heat dissipation equalization in the present invention are shown in the present embodiment.
As can be seen from the temperature difference result diagram in fig. 5, after the thermal management method for balanced heat dissipation is adopted, the maximum temperature difference inside the single battery is reduced from 14.03 ℃ to 4.21 ℃, and the balanced distribution of the thermal field of the single battery is remarkably improved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the claims of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A fuel cell heat management system with balanced heat dissipation is used for heat dissipation management of a water-cooled fuel cell, and is characterized in that: the heat management system comprises a controller, a temperature sensor and a cooling liquid supply channel with a built-in electromagnetic valve; the coolant supply channel meets the fuel cell coolant channel at the P1 end and the P2 end; the controller collects the temperatures of the ends P1 and P2 of the fuel cell cooling liquid channel through temperature sensors, and controls the flow direction of the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid supply channel according to the temperatures, so that the higher temperature end of the ends P1 and P2 is used as the cooling liquid inflow end of the fuel cell cooling liquid channel.
2. The fuel cell thermal management system for balancing heat dissipation according to claim 1, wherein: the input end of the cooling liquid supply channel is provided with a first three-way pipeline, and the output end of the cooling liquid supply channel is provided with a second three-way pipeline; the input end of the first three-way pipeline is connected with the cold water end of a hot water circulating pipeline of the heat exchanger through a first water pump; the output end of the second three-way pipeline is connected with the hot water end of a hot water circulating pipeline of the heat exchanger; when the thermal management system works, the first water pump drives the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid supply channel and the cooling liquid channel of the fuel cell to flow; the P1 end of the fuel cell cooling liquid channel is connected with one end of a third three-way pipeline, and the other two ends of the third three-way pipeline are respectively connected with the first three-way pipeline and the second three-way pipeline;
the P2 end of the fuel cell cooling liquid channel is connected with one end of a fourth three-way pipeline; the other two ends of the fourth three-way pipeline are respectively connected with the first three-way pipeline and the second three-way pipeline.
3. The fuel cell thermal management system for balancing heat dissipation of claim 2, wherein: the P1 end and the P2 end are channel port ends of a fuel cell cooling liquid channel; the controller collects the temperature of the end part of the channel opening of the cooling liquid channel of the fuel cell and the temperature of the P0 bit in the middle section of the cooling liquid channel of the fuel cell through the temperature sensor, and controls the working condition of the first water pump according to the temperature so as to control the heat dissipation capacity of the fuel cell by adjusting the flow rate of the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid channel of the fuel cell.
4. The fuel cell thermal management system for balancing heat dissipation of claim 3, wherein: the other two ends of the first three-way pipeline, which are not connected with the first water pump, are output ends, and an electromagnetic valve V1 and an electromagnetic valve V2 are respectively arranged at the two output ends;
the other two ends of the second three-way pipeline, which are not connected with the hot water end of the hot water circulating pipeline of the heat exchanger, are input ends, and the two input ends are respectively communicated with an electromagnetic valve V3 and an electromagnetic valve V5;
the other two ends of the fourth three-way pipeline, which are not connected with the end of the fuel cell cooling liquid channel P2, are respectively communicated with an electromagnetic valve V4 and an electromagnetic valve V5; the input end of the electromagnetic valve V4 is also communicated with the output end of an electromagnetic valve V1 at the output end of the first three-way pipeline;
and the other two ends of the third three-way pipeline, which are not connected with the end of the fuel cell cooling liquid channel P1, are respectively communicated with an electromagnetic valve V2 and an electromagnetic valve V3.
5. The fuel cell thermal management system for balancing heat dissipation of claim 4, wherein: when the controller controls the flow direction of the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid supply channel, if the temperature of the P1 end is higher than that of the P2 end and the temperature difference is higher than the threshold value N, the controller opens the electromagnetic valves V1, V3 and V4 and closes the electromagnetic valves V2 and V5 so that the cooling liquid flows in from the P1 end to preferentially cool the P1 end and the adjacent fuel cell area; if the temperature of the P2 end is higher than that of the P1 end and the temperature difference is higher than the threshold value N, the controller opens the electromagnetic valves V2 and V5 and closes the electromagnetic valves V1, V3 and V4, so that the cooling liquid flows in from the P2 end to preferentially cool the P2 end and the adjacent fuel cell area; if the temperature difference between the ends P1 and P2 is less than the threshold value N, the controller does not change the flow direction of the cooling liquid.
6. The fuel cell thermal management system for balancing heat dissipation of claim 3, wherein: the cooling liquid is water; the heat exchanger comprises a hot water circulating pipeline and a cold water circulating pipeline; the hot water circulating pipeline is communicated with the cooling liquid supply channel; the hot water circulating pipeline is closely adjacent to the cold water circulating pipeline to form a heat exchange structure with mutually isolated water circulation; the cold water circulating pipeline is communicated with the water storage barrel; water in the water storage barrel is pumped into the cold water circulating pipeline through the second water pump, and the hot water circulating pipeline is cooled through a heat exchange effect; a third water pump capable of injecting cold water into the water storage barrel is further arranged at the cold water input end of the water storage barrel;
the control module can control the working conditions of the second water pump and the third water pump to adjust the heat exchange performance of the heat exchange structure, so that the temperature difference of the cooling liquid at the output end and the input end of the cooling liquid supply channel is adjusted.
7. A thermal management control method for a fuel cell with balanced heat dissipation is characterized by comprising the following steps: the control method employs the fuel cell thermal management system described in claim 5, including the steps of;
step S1: designing a cooling liquid channel of the fuel cell capable of radiating heat of the water-cooled fuel cell to be communicated with a cooling liquid supply channel capable of changing the flow direction of the cooling liquid;
step S2: calculating the temperature difference between P1 and P2 according to the real-time temperatures collected by the temperature sensors at the end P1 and the end P2 of the channel opening of the fuel cell cooling liquid channel, and judging and controlling the flow direction of the cooling liquid through a finite state machine strategy to realize the balanced distribution of the thermal field of the fuel cell;
step S3: the internal temperature dynamic equation of the fuel cell stack is described by the lumped parameter energy conservation equation to analyze the heat production and heat dissipation conditions of the fuel cell, the real-time temperature of the fuel cell measured at the middle position P0 of the cooling liquid channel of the fuel cell is used as a feedback signal, and the flow rate of the cooling liquid is adjusted in real time by adopting a feedback control mode to realize the control of the working temperature of the fuel cell.
8. The fuel cell thermal management control method for balancing heat dissipation according to claim 7, wherein: the step S2 includes the following steps;
s21, acquiring real-time temperature data at P0, P1 and P2 by a data acquisition card of the controller through a temperature sensor, and calculating the reasonable flow direction of the cooling liquid by the controller through a finite state machine strategy;
and step S22, the controller sends a control instruction to the electronic switch of the cooling liquid supply channel through the data card to control the opening and closing state of the electromagnetic valve of the cooling liquid supply channel, so that the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid supply channel flows in a reasonable flow direction according to the cooling liquid obtained by the controller.
9. The fuel cell thermal management control method for balancing heat dissipation according to claim 7, wherein: in step S3, the internal temperature dynamics equation of the fuel cell stack described by the lumped parameter energy conservation equation is
In the formula, mfcIs the mass of the fuel cell, CfcIs the specific heat capacity, T, of the fuel cellfcIs the temperature of the fuel cell, t is the time, HreacThe total energy produced by the fuel cell is defined as
In the formula, T0The initial temperature of the fuel cell stack is the same as the ambient temperature, PelecThe power generated for the fuel cell is defined as
Pelec＝Vst×IstFormula 3;
in the formula, VstIs the voltage of the fuel cell output, IstIs the current, Q, output by the fuel cellrad,B2ambIs the heat lost by radiation and is defined as
In the formula AB2amb,radIs the area of the exchange area,radis the emissivity; qcoolIs the heat removed by the cooling system and can be defined as
From the above calculation, the heat dissipation of the cooling system of the fuel cell coolant channel is related to the water flow of the fuel cell coolant channel, and the determination of the heat exchange coefficient of the cooling liquid adopts the dituse Boelter correlation method of the turbulent pipe flow.
10. The fuel cell thermal management control method for balancing heat dissipation according to claim 7, wherein: the step S3, in which the feedback control mode is adopted for the fuel cell temperature control, is specifically: setting the flow of the cooling liquid supply channel and the cooling liquid channel of the fuel cell as internal circulation, and the flow of the water of the heat exchanger and the water storage barrel as external circulation;
controlling the flow rate of the cooling liquid channel of the fuel cell by a first water pump in the internal circulation, and simultaneously controlling the flow rate of water flow in a cold water circulation pipeline in the heat exchanger by a second water pump in the external circulation, thereby controlling the heat exchange rate between the internal circulation and the external circulation so as to adjust the temperature difference of the cooling liquid at the two ends of the inlet and the outlet of the internal circulation; if the temperature of the water storage barrel on one side of the external circulation is continuously increased so that the heat exchange effect of the internal circulation and the external circulation is not good, the cooling effect of the heat exchange is improved by discharging hot water in the water storage barrel and reducing the temperature on one side of the external circulation in a mode that the third water pump injects cold water into the water storage barrel, and the adjustment of the heat dissipation process of the fuel cell is optimized.
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