CN114156511B - Combined heat and power system based on fuel cell - Google Patents
Combined heat and power system based on fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN114156511B CN114156511B CN202111263656.9A CN202111263656A CN114156511B CN 114156511 B CN114156511 B CN 114156511B CN 202111263656 A CN202111263656 A CN 202111263656A CN 114156511 B CN114156511 B CN 114156511B
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 30
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 12
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010053615 Thermal burn Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007084 catalytic combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0618—Reforming processes, e.g. autothermal, partial oxidation or steam reforming
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D19/00—Details
- F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
- F24D19/1009—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating
- F24D19/1015—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating using a valve or valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
- F24D3/10—Feed-line arrangements, e.g. providing for heat-accumulator tanks, expansion tanks ; Hydraulic components of a central heating system
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/10—Fuel cells in stationary systems, e.g. emergency power source in plant
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to a fuel cell-based cogeneration system which comprises a first heat exchanger, a reforming hydrogen production system, a fuel cell power generation system, a heat recoverer and a second heat exchanger, wherein the heat recoverer is communicated with the second heat exchanger, a heat output pipeline is communicated with the second heat exchanger, the fuel cell cogeneration system further comprises a constant pressure tank, a hydrogen output pipe and an air duct are communicated with the fuel cell power generation system, the hydrogen output pipe is communicated with the constant pressure tank, an air duct is communicated with the constant pressure tank, the air duct is communicated with the heat recoverer, a control valve for adjusting gas flow is arranged on the air duct, and the air duct is communicated with the heat recoverer. The application has the effect of high stability of heat supply efficiency of the cogeneration system.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a cogeneration system based on a fuel cell.
Background
A fuel cell is a power generation device that directly converts chemical energy stored in fuel and oxidant into electric energy through an electrode reaction; because the fuel cell generates a large amount of heat energy during power generation, the special cogeneration system supplies electric energy and heat energy to a user at the same time, thereby improving the utilization efficiency of energy sources; and the waste heat generated in the operation process of the fuel cell is utilized for supplying heat, and the emission of carbon dioxide and other harmful gases can be reduced.
The patent document with the authorized publication number of CN201985204U discloses a cogeneration system based on a fuel cell, which comprises a heat exchanger, a reforming hydrogen production system, a fuel cell power generation system and a heat recycling system, wherein the heat exchanger is connected with the reforming hydrogen production system, a DC/AC converter is arranged in the fuel cell power generation system, the heat recycling system comprises a heat recycling device and a high-temperature heat exchanger, the fuel cell power generation system is respectively connected with the reforming hydrogen production system and the heat recycling device, the heat recycling device is connected with the high-temperature heat exchanger, the high-temperature heat exchanger is connected with the heat exchanger, and an interface 1a is arranged on the high-temperature heat exchanger.
The reaction raw materials enter a reforming hydrogen production system through a heat exchanger to generate hydrogen-containing mixed gas, the mixed gas enters a fuel cell power generation system, chemical energy in the hydrogen-containing mixed gas is directly converted into electric energy through electrode reaction, and the electric energy is converted into proper voltage through a DC/AC converter for a user to use; the hydrogen and other gases which are not completely reacted in the fuel cell power generation system enter a heat recoverer, the hydrogen and the oxygen perform catalytic combustion reaction on the surface of a catalyst, a large amount of heat is released, high-temperature gas in the heat recoverer generates steam through a high-temperature heat exchanger, and the generated steam is output by an interface 1 a; the high-temperature combustion tail gas can also exchange heat with the reforming raw material through a heat exchanger, so that the reforming raw material is well preheated before entering a reforming system; meanwhile, the combustion tail gas subjected to heat exchange by the heat exchanger can provide corresponding heating services such as heating for users.
The related art in the above has the following drawbacks: the reaction efficiency of hydrogen in a fuel cell power generation system is greatly affected by temperature, so that the difference between hydrogen and oxygen which are delivered to a heat recoverer is large, and the heat supply efficiency of a cogeneration system is poor in stability.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to improve the stability of the heat supply efficiency of the cogeneration system, the application provides a fuel cell-based cogeneration system.
The application provides a cogeneration system based on a fuel cell, which adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a cogeneration system based on fuel cell, includes first heat exchanger, reforming hydrogen manufacturing system, fuel cell power generation system, heat recoverer and second heat exchanger intercommunication, the intercommunication has the heat output pipeline on the second heat exchanger, still includes the constant voltage case, the intercommunication has hydrogen output tube and air duct on the fuel cell power generation system, hydrogen output tube and constant voltage case intercommunication, the intercommunication has the vent pipe on the constant voltage case, vent pipe and heat recoverer intercommunication, be provided with the control valve that is used for adjusting gas flow on the vent pipe, air duct and heat recoverer intercommunication.
By adopting the technical scheme, the reaction raw materials are preheated by the first heat exchanger and then enter the reforming hydrogen production system to generate hydrogen-containing mixed gas, the mixed gas is led into the fuel cell power generation system, and the oxygen-containing air is led into the fuel cell power generation system to generate power; the unreacted hydrogen enters the constant pressure tank through the hydrogen output pipe, the gas flow is regulated through the control valve, the unreacted hydrogen is led into the heat recovery device through the ventilation pipeline, and the unreacted hydrogen reacts with the air entering the heat recovery device in an exothermic manner under the action of the catalyst, and the heat is output through the heat output pipeline after heat exchange treatment through the second heat exchanger for users to use; the speed of hydrogen entering the heat recoverer is relatively stable through the controller, so that the stability of the heat supply efficiency of the cogeneration system is greatly improved.
Optionally, the control valve includes current-limiting sleeve pipe, current-limiting piece, elastic component and stopper, the fixed setting of current-limiting sleeve pipe is in the air pipe and with constant voltage case intercommunication, the internal diameter of current-limiting sleeve pipe is along keeping away from constant voltage case direction and increasing gradually, the current-limiting piece is along current-limiting sleeve pipe's axial slip setting in the current-limiting sleeve pipe, the elastic component is used for driving the current-limiting piece to slide to being close to constant voltage case direction, the stopper setting is in the current-limiting sleeve pipe and is used for restricting the current-limiting piece and slides.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, when the internal atmospheric pressure of constant voltage case is too low, drive the restriction piece through the elastic component and support tight restriction sheathed tube inner wall, along with the gaseous increase gradually that gets into the constant voltage case, the pressure value in the constant voltage case also increases gradually, after the internal atmospheric pressure of constant voltage case reaches the default, gaseous promotion restriction piece is to keeping away from the sliding of constant voltage case direction and support tightly with the stopper to make between restriction piece and the restriction sheathed tube inner wall form the clearance, gaseous inflow heat recoverer through the clearance.
Optionally, the limiting groove has been seted up along the axial of current-limiting sleeve to current-limiting sleeve's inner wall, the stopper slides and sets up in the limiting groove, be provided with the slider that is used for restricting the stopper slip in the current-limiting sleeve.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, through the distance between slip stopper and the constant voltage case of regulation stopper to prevent the stopper slip through the locating part, thereby restrict the sliding distance of restriction piece, be convenient for adjust the maximum flow that the interior gas of constant voltage case got into the vent pipe.
Optionally, the stop slot link up the sheathed tube lateral wall that limits, the lateral wall of stop slot has seted up along the slip direction of stopper with the seal groove intercommunication, the slip is provided with the baffle in the seal groove, baffle and stopper fixed connection, the locating part is used for restricting the baffle slip.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, through slide damper, the baffle is gliding, can drive the stopper and slide in the spacing inslot, because the spacing inslot link up the sheathed tube lateral wall of restriction, slide damper of being convenient for to, can also prevent to a certain extent through the baffle that the gas in the restriction sleeve from flowing out through the spacing groove, cause gaseous revealing, simultaneously, also have certain spacing effect to the slip direction of stopper.
Optionally, the locating part includes the spacing sleeve, the lateral wall of air pipe has seted up the ring channel with seal groove intercommunication, the spacing sleeve rotates and sets up in the ring channel, the internal thread has been seted up to the inner wall of spacing sleeve, the lateral wall of baffle has been seted up and is used for with spacing sleeve upper internal thread matched with external screw thread.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, through rotating limit sleeve, when limit sleeve rotates, promote the baffle and slide in the seal groove to drive stopper in the spacing inslot slip, when limit sleeve stops rotating, can carry out spacingly to baffle and stopper, it is more convenient to make the operation get up.
Optionally, the lateral wall of restriction piece cooperatees with the inner wall of restriction sleeve pipe, the lateral wall cover of restriction piece is equipped with sealed pad.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, through sealed the pad, increase the leakproofness between restriction piece and the restriction sleeve inner wall, when preventing to a certain extent that constant voltage incasement atmospheric pressure is not enough, gaseous through restriction piece and restriction sleeve inner wall between the gap outflow.
Optionally, an exhaust pipeline is communicated with the constant pressure tank, a gas collecting tank is communicated with the exhaust pipeline, and a pressure reducing valve is arranged on the exhaust pipeline.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, along with the change of fuel cell power generation system reaction efficiency, the efficiency that hydrogen got into the constant voltage incasement also can change, when the pressure in the constant voltage case was too big, was led into the gas collecting tank through the exhaust duct with unnecessary gas through the relief pressure valve to make the constant voltage incasement keep a relatively stable pressure value, make the rate that hydrogen got into heat recovery ware relatively stable.
Optionally, the heat conduction device further comprises an incubator, wherein a heat pipe is communicated in the incubator and is communicated with the first heat exchanger, a heat conduction liquid is arranged in the incubator, a heat supply component for supplying heat to the heat conduction liquid is connected to the incubator, and a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the heat conduction liquid is arranged on the incubator.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, reaction efficiency of reaction raw materials receives the influence of temperature great, according to reaction raw materials's best reaction temperature, carries out the heat supply through the thermal conductance liquid in the heating element to make the temperature control of thermal conductance liquid be in a relatively stable numerical interval, afterwards, the thermal conductance liquid gets into first heat exchanger through the heat pipe and preheats reaction raw materials, thereby improves reaction raw materials's reaction efficiency.
Optionally, the incubator includes interior box and outer box, be provided with the interlayer between interior box and the outer box, the heating element includes inlet tube and outlet pipe, inlet tube and outlet pipe all run through outer wall body and extend to in the interlayer, inlet tube and heat output pipeline intercommunication, be provided with the valve on the inlet tube, the thermal conductance liquid sets up in the box, heat pipe and interior box intercommunication.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the heat that produces in the heat recovery ware gets into the second heat exchanger, and in the interlayer between the interior box of some heat inflow through the intake pipe and the outer box in, flow the interlayer through the outlet pipe to give the heat conduction liquid with heat transfer, realize the heat supply to the heat conduction liquid.
Optionally, the interlayer internal fixation is provided with the baffle, one side that the baffle is close to the outer box is provided with the heat preservation, inlet tube and outlet pipe all run through heat preservation and baffle.
By adopting the technical scheme, the heat is prevented from losing through the wall of the outer box body to a certain extent through the heat preservation layer, so that the heat preservation effect of the incubator is greatly improved; and through the setting of heat preservation, can also effectively avoid incubator surface temperature too high to scald the staff.
In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the unreacted hydrogen enters the constant pressure tank through the hydrogen output pipe, the gas flow is regulated through the control valve, the unreacted hydrogen is led into the heat recovery device through the ventilation pipeline, and the unreacted hydrogen reacts with the air entering the heat recovery device in an exothermic manner under the action of the catalyst, and the heat is output through the heat output pipeline after heat exchange treatment through the second heat exchanger for users to use; the speed of hydrogen entering the heat recoverer is relatively stable through the controller, so that the stability of the heat supply efficiency of the cogeneration system is greatly improved;
2. through rotating the limiting sleeve, the baffle is pushed to slide in the sealing groove while the limiting sleeve rotates, and the limiting block is driven to slide in the limiting groove, so that the distance between the limiting block and the constant pressure box is adjusted, and the maximum flow of gas in the constant pressure box entering the ventilation pipeline is convenient to adjust; when the limiting sleeve stops rotating, the baffle and the limiting block can be limited, so that the operation is more convenient;
3. the reaction efficiency of the reaction raw material is greatly influenced by temperature, according to the optimal reaction temperature of the reaction raw material, a part of heat in the second heat exchanger flows into the interlayer between the inner box body and the outer box body through the water inlet pipe, and flows out of the interlayer through the water outlet pipe, so that the heat is transferred to the heat conduction liquid, the heat is supplied to the heat conduction liquid, the temperature of the heat conduction liquid is controlled in a relatively stable numerical range, and then the heat conduction liquid enters the first heat exchanger through the heat pipe to preheat the reaction raw material, so that the reaction efficiency of the reaction raw material is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a circuit configuration according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a partial sectional view of the structure of an embodiment of the present application, mainly for expressing the schematic structure of a constant pressure tank;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of portion A of FIG. 2;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of a part of the structure of an embodiment of the present application, mainly for expressing the structure of an incubator.
Reference numerals illustrate: 1. a first heat exchanger; 2. a reforming hydrogen production system; 3. a fuel cell power generation system; 31. proton exchange membrane fuel cells; 311. a hydrogen output pipe; 312. an air duct; 32. a DC/AC converter; 4. a heat recoverer; 5. a second heat exchanger; 51. a heat output pipe; 6. a constant pressure tank; 61. a ventilation duct; 611. an annular groove; 62. an exhaust duct; 621. a pressure reducing valve; 63. a gas collection box; 7. a control valve; 71. a flow restricting sleeve; 711. a mounting block; 7111. a receiving groove; 7112. a guide hole; 7113. a guide rod; 712. a limit groove; 713. sealing grooves; 714. a baffle; 72. a flow-limiting block; 721. a placement groove; 722. a sealing gasket; 73. a pressure spring; 74. a limiting block; 75. a limit sleeve; 751. anti-skid lines; 8. a constant temperature box; 81. an inner case; 82. an outer case; 83. a heat pipe; 84. a temperature sensor; 841. a temperature display; 85. an interlayer; 86. a partition plate; 87. a heat preservation layer; 9. a heating assembly; 91. a water inlet pipe; 92. a water outlet pipe; 93. and (3) a valve.
Detailed Description
The application is described in further detail below with reference to fig. 1-4.
The embodiment of the application discloses a cogeneration system based on a fuel cell. Referring to fig. 1, a cogeneration system based on a fuel cell comprises a first heat exchanger 1, a reforming hydrogen production system 2, a fuel cell power generation system 3, a heat recoverer 4 and a second heat exchanger 5, wherein the first heat exchanger 1 is connected with the reforming hydrogen production system 2, the fuel cell power generation system 3 comprises a proton exchange membrane fuel cell 31 and a DC/AC converter 32, the exchange membrane fuel cell is connected with the DC/AC converter 32, and the reforming hydrogen production system 2 is connected with the anode of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 31.
The reaction raw materials are preheated by the first heat exchanger 1 and then enter the reforming hydrogen production system 2 to generate hydrogen-containing mixed gas, the reaction raw materials comprise water and natural gas, the hydrogen-containing mixed gas is led into the positive electrode of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 31, the oxygen-containing air is led into the negative electrode of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 31, and the hydrogen and oxygen are converted into electric energy through electrode reaction and then converted into proper voltage through the DC/AC converter 32 for a user to use.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the positive electrode of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 31 is also connected with a hydrogen output pipe 311, the hydrogen output pipe 311 is communicated with a constant pressure tank 6, the constant pressure tank 6 is also communicated with a ventilation pipeline 61, and the ventilation pipeline 61 is communicated with the heat recoverer 4; the negative electrode of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 31 is connected with an air duct 312, the air duct 312 is directly communicated with the heat recoverer 4, the heat recoverer 4 is connected with the second heat exchanger 5, and the second heat exchanger 5 is communicated with a heat output pipeline 51.
Unreacted hydrogen enters the constant pressure tank 6 through the hydrogen output pipe 311, then is led into the heat recoverer 4 through the exhaust pipe 62, and air unreacted at the cathode of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 31 enters the heat recoverer 4 through the air guide pipe 312; in the heat recoverer 4, the hydrogen and the oxygen react exothermically under the action of the catalyst, and after the heat is subjected to heat exchange treatment by the second heat exchanger 5, the heat is output through the heat output pipeline 51 for a user to use.
Referring to fig. 3, a control valve 7 for adjusting the flow rate of gas is provided on the vent pipe 61, the control valve 7 includes a flow-limiting sleeve 71, a flow-limiting block 72, an elastic member and a stopper 74, the flow-limiting sleeve 71 is welded in the vent pipe 61, and the flow-limiting sleeve 71 is coaxial with the vent pipe 61, the side wall of the flow-limiting sleeve 71 is attached to the inner wall of the vent pipe 61, and the inner diameter of the flow-limiting sleeve 71 is gradually increased in a direction away from the constant pressure tank 6.
Referring to fig. 3, a mounting block 711 is welded in the current-limiting sleeve 71, a space is formed between the mounting block 711 and the inner wall of the current-limiting sleeve 71, a containing groove 7111 is formed in one end, close to the constant pressure tank 6, of the mounting block 711 along the axial direction of the current-limiting sleeve 71, a guide hole 7112 communicated with the containing groove 7111 is formed in the bottom wall of the containing groove 7111 along the axial direction of the current-limiting sleeve 71, a guide rod 7113 is slidably arranged in the guide hole 7112, the guide rod 7113 is welded with the current-limiting block 72, and the diameter of the current-limiting block 72 is gradually reduced along the direction away from the mounting block 711 and is matched with the inner wall of the current-limiting sleeve 71.
Referring to fig. 3, the elastic member includes a compression spring 73, wherein the compression spring 73 is sleeved on the guide rod 7113, one end of the compression spring 73 is abutted with the bottom wall of the accommodating groove 7111, and the other end is abutted with the current limiting block 72; when the air pressure in the constant pressure tank 6 is too low, the pressure spring 73 drives the flow limiting block 72 to abut against the inner wall of the flow limiting sleeve 71, the pressure value in the constant pressure tank 6 is gradually increased along with the gradual increase of the air entering the constant pressure tank 6, and after the air pressure in the constant pressure tank 6 reaches a preset value, the air pushes the flow limiting block 72 to slide in a direction away from the constant pressure tank 6, a gap is formed between the flow limiting block 72 and the inner wall of the flow limiting sleeve 71, and the air flows into the heat recoverer 4 through the gap.
Referring to fig. 3, a placement groove 721 is formed in the side wall of the flow limiting block 72, the placement groove 721 is formed around the side wall of the flow limiting block 72, a sealing gasket 722 is sleeved on the side wall of the flow limiting block 72, the sealing gasket 722 is made of rubber, and the sealing gasket 722 is located in the placement groove 721; by the gasket 722, the tightness between the flow limiting block 72 and the inner wall of the flow limiting sleeve 71 is increased, and when the air pressure in the constant pressure tank 6 is insufficient, the air is prevented from flowing out through the gap between the flow limiting block 72 and the inner wall of the flow limiting sleeve to a certain extent.
Referring to fig. 3, a limiting groove 712 is formed in the inner wall of the current-limiting sleeve 71 along the axial direction of the current-limiting sleeve 71, the limiting groove 712 penetrates through the side wall of the current-limiting sleeve 71, a limiting block 74 is slidably arranged in the limiting groove 712, a sealing groove 713 communicated with the limiting groove 712 is formed in the side wall of the limiting groove 712 along the sliding direction of the limiting block 74, a baffle 714 is slidably arranged in the sealing groove 713, and the baffle 714 is welded with the limiting block 74.
Referring to fig. 3, a limiting member for limiting sliding of the limiting block 72 is disposed in the limiting sleeve 71, the limiting member includes a limiting sleeve 75, an annular groove 611 communicated with the sealing groove 713 is formed in a side wall of the air duct 61, the limiting sleeve 75 is rotatably disposed in the annular groove 611, an internal thread is formed in an inner wall of the limiting sleeve 75, an external thread matched with the internal thread on the limiting sleeve 75 is formed in a side wall of the baffle 714, and anti-slip threads 751 are formed in a side wall of the limiting sleeve 75.
By rotating the limit sleeve 75, the limit sleeve 75 rotates and pushes the baffle 714 to slide in the seal groove 713 and drives the limit block 74 to slide in the limit groove 712, so that the distance between the limit block 74 and the constant pressure tank 6 is regulated, the sliding distance of the limit block 72 is limited, and the maximum flow of gas in the constant pressure tank 6 entering the ventilation pipeline 61 is regulated conveniently; when the stop sleeve 75 stops rotating, the baffle 714 and the stop block 74 are stopped.
Referring to fig. 2, the constant pressure tank 6 is further connected to an exhaust pipe 62, the exhaust pipe 62 is connected to a gas collecting tank 63, and a pressure reducing valve 621 is provided on the exhaust pipe 62; with the change of the reaction efficiency of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 31, the efficiency of the hydrogen entering the constant pressure tank 6 also changes, and when the pressure in the constant pressure tank 6 is too high, the redundant gas is led into the gas collecting tank 63 through the gas discharge pipe 62 by the pressure reducing valve 621, so that a relatively stable pressure value is maintained in the constant pressure tank 6, and the rate of the hydrogen entering the heat recoverer 4 is relatively stable.
Referring to fig. 1 and 4, a constant temperature box 8 is communicated with a heat output pipeline 51, the constant temperature box 8 comprises an inner box 81 and an outer box 82, a heat conducting liquid is arranged in the inner box 81, a heat pipe 83 is communicated with the inner box 81, and the heat pipe 83 is connected with the first heat exchanger 1; a temperature sensor 84 is arranged in the inner box 81, the temperature sensor 84 is used for detecting the temperature of the heat conduction liquid, a temperature display 841 is connected to the temperature sensor 84, and the temperature display 841 is fixed on the side wall of the outer box 82; the heat supply assembly 9 for supplying heat to the heat conduction liquid is connected to the incubator 8, the heat supply assembly 9 comprises a water inlet pipe 91 and a water outlet pipe 92, a partition layer 85 is arranged between the inner box 81 and the outer box 82, one ends of the water inlet pipe 91 and the water outlet pipe 92 penetrate through the outer box 82 and extend into the partition layer 85, the water inlet pipe 91 is communicated with the heat output pipeline 51, and valves 93 are arranged on the water inlet pipe 91 and the water outlet pipe 92.
The reaction efficiency of the reaction raw materials is greatly affected by temperature, according to the optimal reaction temperature of the reaction raw materials, heat generated in the heat recoverer 4 enters the second heat exchanger 5, a part of heat in the second heat exchanger 5 flows into the interlayer 85 between the inner box 81 and the outer box 82 through the water inlet pipe 91, and flows out of the interlayer 85 through the water outlet pipe 92, so that the heat is transferred to the heat conduction liquid, the heat is supplied to the heat conduction liquid, the temperature of the heat conduction liquid is controlled in a relatively stable numerical range, and then the heat conduction liquid enters the first heat exchanger 1 through the heat conduction pipe 83 to preheat the reaction raw materials, so that the reaction efficiency of the reaction raw materials is improved.
Referring to fig. 4, a partition plate 86 is welded in the partition layer 85, the partition plate 86 is arranged at intervals between the partition plate 86 and the inner side walls of the inner box 81 and the outer box 82, a heat preservation layer 87 is arranged on one side, close to the outer box 82, of the partition plate 86, the heat preservation layer 87 is made of heat preservation cotton, and a water inlet pipe 91 and a water outlet pipe 92 penetrate through the heat preservation layer 87 and the partition plate 86; heat is prevented from losing through the wall of the outer box 82 to a certain extent by the heat preservation layer 87, so that the heat preservation effect of the incubator 8 is greatly improved; moreover, through the setting of heat preservation 87, can also effectively avoid incubator 8 surface temperature too high to scald the staff.
The implementation principle of the cogeneration system based on the fuel cell provided by the embodiment of the application is as follows: the reaction raw materials are preheated by a first heat exchanger 1 and then enter a reforming hydrogen production system 2 to generate hydrogen-containing mixed gas, the mixed gas is led into the positive electrode of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell 31, and oxygen-containing air is led into the negative electrode of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 31, and after the hydrogen and oxygen are converted into electric energy through electrode reaction, the electric energy is converted into proper voltage through a DC/AC converter 32 for a user to use.
The unreacted hydrogen enters the constant pressure tank 6 through the hydrogen output pipe 311, the pressure value in the constant pressure tank 6 is gradually increased along with the gradual increase of the gas entering the constant pressure tank 6, and when the gas pressure in the constant pressure tank 6 reaches a preset value, the gas pushes the flow limiting block 72 to slide in the direction away from the constant pressure tank 6 and to be abutted against the limiting block 74, so that a gap is formed between the flow limiting block 72 and the inner wall of the flow limiting sleeve 71;
the hydrogen flows into the ventilation pipeline 61 through the gap between the flow limiting block 72 and the inner wall of the flow limiting sleeve 71, and is led into the heat recoverer 4 through the exhaust pipeline 62, and is subjected to exothermic reaction with the air entering the heat recoverer 4 under the action of the catalyst, and the heat is output through the heat output pipeline 51 after heat exchange treatment by the second heat exchanger 5, so as to be used by a user; the rate of hydrogen entering the heat recoverer 4 is relatively stable, and the stability of the heat supply efficiency of the cogeneration system is greatly improved.
The above embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the present application, so: all equivalent changes in structure, shape and principle of the application should be covered in the scope of protection of the application.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a cogeneration system based on fuel cell, includes first heat exchanger (1), reforming hydrogen manufacturing system (2), fuel cell power generation system (3), heat recoverer (4) and second heat exchanger (5) intercommunication, the intercommunication has heat output pipeline (51), its characterized in that on second heat exchanger (5): the fuel cell power generation system is characterized by further comprising a constant pressure tank (6), wherein a hydrogen output pipe (311) and an air duct (312) are communicated with the fuel cell power generation system (3), the hydrogen output pipe (311) is communicated with the constant pressure tank (6), an air duct (61) is communicated with the constant pressure tank (6), the air duct (61) is communicated with the heat recoverer (4), a control valve (7) for adjusting the flow of gas is arranged on the air duct (61), and the air duct (312) is communicated with the heat recoverer (4);
the control valve (7) comprises a flow-limiting sleeve (71), a flow-limiting block (72), an elastic piece and a limiting block (74), wherein the flow-limiting sleeve (71) is fixedly arranged in the air duct (61) and is communicated with the constant pressure box (6), the inner diameter of the flow-limiting sleeve (71) is gradually increased along the direction away from the constant pressure box (6), the flow-limiting block (72) is arranged in the flow-limiting sleeve (71) in a sliding manner along the axial direction of the flow-limiting sleeve (71), the elastic piece is used for driving the flow-limiting block (72) to slide along the direction close to the constant pressure box (6), and the limiting block (74) is arranged in the flow-limiting sleeve (71) and is used for limiting the flow-limiting block (72) to slide;
a limiting groove (712) is formed in the inner wall of the current-limiting sleeve (71) along the axial direction of the current-limiting sleeve (71), the limiting block (74) is slidably arranged in the limiting groove (712), and a limiting piece for limiting the sliding of the limiting block (74) is arranged in the current-limiting sleeve (71);
the limiting groove (712) penetrates through the side wall of the limiting sleeve (71), a sealing groove (713) communicated with the limiting groove (712) is formed in the side wall of the limiting groove (712) along the sliding direction of the limiting block (74), a baffle plate (714) is arranged in the sliding groove (713) in a sliding mode, the baffle plate (714) is fixedly connected with the limiting block (74), and the limiting piece is used for limiting the baffle plate (714) to slide;
the limiting piece comprises a limiting sleeve (75), an annular groove (611) communicated with the sealing groove (713) is formed in the side wall of the ventilation pipeline (61), the limiting sleeve (75) is rotatably arranged in the annular groove (611), an internal thread is formed in the inner wall of the limiting sleeve (75), and an external thread matched with the internal thread on the limiting sleeve (75) is formed in the side wall of the baffle (714).
2. A fuel cell based cogeneration system according to claim 1, wherein: the side wall of the current limiting block (72) is matched with the inner wall of the current limiting sleeve (71), and a sealing gasket (722) is sleeved on the side wall of the current limiting block (72).
3. A fuel cell based cogeneration system according to claim 1, wherein: the constant pressure box (6) is communicated with an exhaust pipeline (62), the exhaust pipeline (62) is communicated with a gas collecting box (63), and the exhaust pipeline (62) is provided with a pressure reducing valve (621).
4. A fuel cell based cogeneration system according to claim 1, wherein: still include thermostated container (8), the intercommunication has heat pipe (83) in thermostated container (8), heat pipe (83) communicate with first heat exchanger (1), be provided with the thermal conductance liquid in thermostated container (8), be connected with on thermostated container (8) and be used for carrying out heating supply subassembly (9) to the thermal conductance liquid, be provided with on thermostated container (8) and be used for detecting temperature sensor (84) of thermal conductance liquid temperature.
5. A fuel cell based cogeneration system according to claim 4, wherein: the incubator (8) comprises an inner box body (81) and an outer box body (82), an interlayer (85) is arranged between the inner box body (81) and the outer box body (82), the heat supply assembly (9) comprises a water inlet pipe (91) and a water outlet pipe (92), the water inlet pipe (91) and the water outlet pipe (92) penetrate through an outer wall body and extend into the interlayer (85), the water inlet pipe (91) is communicated with a heat output pipeline (51), a valve (93) is arranged on the water inlet pipe (91), heat conducting liquid is arranged in the inner box body (81), and the heat conducting pipe (83) is communicated with the inner box body (81).
6. A fuel cell based cogeneration system according to claim 5, wherein: the interlayer (85) is internally and fixedly provided with a partition plate (86), one side of the partition plate (86) close to the outer box body (82) is provided with an insulating layer (87), and the water inlet pipe (91) and the water outlet pipe (92) penetrate through the insulating layer (87) and the partition plate (86).
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