CN114155986B - Decontamination system for radioactive nuclear waste metal - Google Patents
Decontamination system for radioactive nuclear waste metal Download PDFInfo
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- CN114155986B CN114155986B CN202111426662.1A CN202111426662A CN114155986B CN 114155986 B CN114155986 B CN 114155986B CN 202111426662 A CN202111426662 A CN 202111426662A CN 114155986 B CN114155986 B CN 114155986B
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 173
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 173
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000005202 decontamination Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 230000003588 decontaminative effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 130
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 121
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 287
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 287
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 64
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 64
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 56
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 56
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005480 shot peening Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002901 radioactive waste Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003923 scrap metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000941 radioactive substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004353 Polyethylene glycol 8000 Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003904 radioactive pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001062472 Stokellia anisodon Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010438 granite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003032 molecular docking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 so that stains Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/001—Decontamination of contaminated objects, apparatus, clothes, food; Preventing contamination thereof
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/008—Apparatus specially adapted for mixing or disposing radioactively contamined material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The decontamination system for the radioactive nuclear waste metal comprises a shot blasting decontamination device and a metal smelting and feeding assembly; the shot blasting decontamination device and the metal smelting feeding assembly are sequentially used in the process of decontaminating the radioactive nuclear waste metal; the shot blasting decontamination device comprises a spray gun, a sand and dust separator, a sand and dust collector, a gas circuit pipeline assembly, a high-pressure air source and a negative pressure air extractor; the metal smelting feeding assembly comprises a main frame, a vertical lifting machine, a smelting furnace assembly, a trolley assembly, a feeding butt joint mechanism, a negative pressure dust removing mechanism and a material conveying mechanism. According to the invention, through the two steps of shot blasting decontamination and smelting decontamination, the radiation dose in the nuclear waste metal is greatly reduced, and the smelting liquid can be cast into different products according to actual application requirements, so that the nuclear waste metal is turned into wealth, the recovery and reutilization of the nuclear waste metal are realized, and the requirement of 'radioactive waste minimization' is fully met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear waste metal treatment, in particular to a decontamination system for radioactive nuclear waste metal.
Background
With the rapid development of the nuclear industry, the generation of nuclear waste metal by nuclear power plants and nuclear enterprises also has a tendency to increase year by year. The nuclear waste metals have strong radioactivity, have half lives of thousands of years, tens of thousands of years and even hundreds of thousands of years, and seriously pollute the environment if improperly treated.
At present, nuclear waste metal with radiation dose exceeding a safety threshold cannot be treated, and can only be packaged in a metal tank for permanent deep burying treatment, so that the nuclear waste metal can be geological-sealed for tens of thousands of years and even tens of thousands of years without leakage.
However, existing deep buried treatment schemes suffer from the following disadvantages: 1. on the one hand, in order to ensure the effect of not leaking radioactivity for tens of thousands of years, the wall thickness of the metal can is designed to be very thick, the materials required for manufacturing are very much, and as the yield of nuclear waste metal increases year by year, the material demand of the metal can is also more and more large, in addition, the places for deep burying treatment are very limited and difficult to find, the geological conditions are required to be stable, earthquakes do not occur for tens of thousands of years, and complete granite bodies without cracks exist. 2. The metal tank is polluted by radioactivity after containing the nuclear waste metal, and a certain amount of radioactivity can be generated, so that the metal tank cannot be used for other purposes, namely, new radioactive waste is introduced in the process of disposing the nuclear waste metal, and waste capacity is increased.
The international atomic energy agency first proposed the concept of "radioactive waste minimization" in the technical document "radioactive waste minimization and separation" published in 1992. The radioactive waste minimization reduces the quantity and activity of the radioactive waste to a reasonable level, and can reduce the adverse effect of the nuclear waste on the environment and reduce the treatment cost of the nuclear waste by limiting the generation of radioactive pollution, limiting the diffusion of the radioactive pollution and reducing the storage volume of the nuclear waste.
Obviously, current deep-buried disposal schemes for nuclear waste metals fail to meet the requirement of "radioactive waste minimization", and this contradiction is increasingly pronounced as the yield of nuclear waste metals increases year by year.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a decontamination system for radioactive nuclear waste metal, which solves the problem that the current treatment scheme for the nuclear waste metal cannot meet the requirement of 'radioactive waste minimization'.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a decontamination system for radioactive nuclear scrap metal for decontaminating the radioactive nuclear scrap metal; the device comprises a shot blasting decontamination device and a metal smelting feeding assembly; the shot blasting decontamination device and the metal smelting feeding assembly are sequentially used in the process of decontaminating the radioactive nuclear waste metal;
the shot blasting decontamination device comprises a spray gun, a sand and dust separator, a sand and dust collector, a steel ball cleaning machine, a steel ball dispatcher, a dry ice supply device, a high-pressure air source and negative pressure air extraction equipment;
a converging cavity, a steel ball injection channel and a steel ball recovery channel are arranged in the spray gun; the front end of the steel ball injection channel and the front end of the steel ball recovery channel are respectively communicated to the rear end of the converging cavity, and a shot blasting operation opening, a steel ball inlet A and a steel ball outlet A are respectively formed on the spray gun by the front end of the converging cavity, the rear end of the steel ball injection channel and the rear end of the steel ball recovery channel;
The sand-dust separator comprises a screening bin, a recovery bin and a three-way joint which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the two sides of the upper end of the screening bin are respectively provided with a steel ball inlet B and a sand dust outlet, and the lower end of the screening bin is provided with a blast orifice A, a steel ball falling orifice and a steel ball outlet B; the steel ball inlet B is communicated with the steel ball outlet A of the spray gun through a gas path pipeline; an electric control valve A is arranged on the steel ball falling opening; an electric control valve D is arranged on the steel ball outlet B; the upper end of the recovery bin is provided with an opening which is opposite to the steel ball falling opening A of the screening bin, the lower end of the recovery bin is provided with a steel ball outlet C, and the side wall of the recovery bin is provided with a negative pressure exhaust port and a steel ball return opening; the three-way joint is provided with a first port, a second port and a third port, the first port is connected to a steel ball outlet C of the recovery bin, and the second port is communicated with a steel ball inlet A of the spray gun through a gas circuit pipeline;
the sand dust collector comprises a dust collection bin and a filter element arranged in the inner cavity of the dust collection bin; the filter element divides the inner cavity of the dust collection bin into an upper cavity and a lower cavity which are not communicated with each other, and a sand inlet communicated with the lower cavity and a filtered air outlet communicated with the upper cavity are arranged on the outer wall of the dust collection bin; the sand inlet is communicated with a sand outlet of the screening bin through a gas circuit pipeline;
the steel ball cleaning machine is internally provided with a cleaning cavity, and the exterior is provided with a steel ball outlet D, a dry ice inlet, an exhaust gas outlet and a steel ball inlet D which are communicated with the cleaning cavity;
The steel ball dispatcher comprises a dispatcher bin, a bracket B and an electric push rod Y; the upper end of the collapsible bin is provided with a steel ball inlet E, the lower end of the collapsible bin is provided with a steel ball outlet E, and the steel ball inlet E of the collapsible bin is positioned right below the steel ball outlet D of the outer cylinder; the lower end of the bracket B is fixedly arranged on the ground, and the upper end of the bracket B is hinged with the outer wall of the dispatch bin; the lower end of the electric push rod Y is hinged on the ground, the upper end of the electric push rod Y is hinged with the outer wall of the collapsible bin, and the electric push rod Y is used for driving the collapsible bin to rotate around the hinged position of the collapsible bin in a vertical plane, so that the steel ball outlet E faces obliquely upwards or obliquely downwards;
the inside of the dry ice supply device is provided with a dry ice storage cavity, and the outer wall of the dry ice supply device is provided with a high-pressure air inlet, a dry ice feeding port and a dry ice outlet which are communicated with the dry ice storage cavity; the dry ice outlet is communicated with a dry ice inlet of the steel ball cleaning machine through a gas path pipeline;
the high-pressure air source is used for outputting compressed air and is respectively communicated with the blast port A of the screening bin, the third port of the three-way joint and the high-pressure air inlet of the dry ice supply device through the air path pipeline;
the negative pressure air extraction equipment is used for providing negative pressure and is respectively communicated with the filtered air outlet of the dust collection bin and the negative pressure air outlet of the recovery bin through an air path pipeline;
The metal smelting feeding assembly comprises a main frame, a vertical lifting machine, a smelting furnace assembly, a trolley assembly, a feeding butt joint mechanism, a negative pressure dust removing mechanism and a material conveying mechanism;
the main frame is sequentially provided with a first-layer bottom plate and a second-layer bottom plate from bottom to top, a first-layer space is formed between the first-layer bottom plate and the second-layer bottom plate, the upper end of the second-layer bottom plate is provided with a second-layer space, and the second-layer bottom plate is provided with a communication port for communicating the first-layer space with the second-layer space;
the vertical lifting machine is fixedly arranged on the main frame and positioned between the first-layer space and the second-layer space, the lower end of the vertical lifting machine is provided with a material inlet communicated with the first-layer space, and the upper end of the vertical lifting machine is provided with a material outlet communicated with the second-layer space;
the smelting furnace assembly comprises a tilting platform, a smelting furnace and a tilting hydraulic cylinder; the tipping platform is hinged at the communication port of the two layers of bottom plates and rotates around the hinge point in a vertical plane; the upper end of the outer wall of the smelting furnace is fixedly connected with a tipping platform, is positioned at the communication port of the two layers of bottom plates and is positioned between the first layer of space and the second layer of space; the overturning hydraulic cylinder is arranged between the one-layer bottom plate and the smelting furnace, the lower end of the overturning hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the one-layer bottom plate, the upper end of the overturning hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the lower surface of the overturning platform, and the overturning hydraulic cylinder is used for driving the overturning platform to rotate around the hinged position of the overturning platform so as to drive the smelting furnace to rotate, so that the smelting furnace is converted between a working state and a pouring state; the smelting furnace is in a vertical posture in a working state, and a feeding port is vertically upwards; the smelting furnace is in an inclined posture in a pouring state, and liquid in the smelting cavity can be poured out through the feeding port and the drainage groove;
The trolley assembly comprises a guide rail and a trolley; the two guide rails are arranged in parallel, fixedly mounted on the two layers of bottom plates and distributed on two sides of a feed port of the smelting furnace; two guide rails are arranged perpendicular to the drainage groove of the smelting furnace, wherein one guide rail is relatively close to the drainage groove, and the other guide rail is relatively far away from the drainage groove; the trolley comprises a trolley body and an electric wheel; the vehicle body is provided with a hollowed-out hole A and a hollowed-out hole B; the electric wheel is arranged at the lower end of the vehicle body; the trolley is movably arranged on the two guide rails through the electric wheels;
the feeding butt joint mechanism comprises an outer funnel, an inner funnel and a crane; the outer funnel is fixedly arranged in a hollowed hole A of the vehicle body and is in a horn shape with a big upper part and a small lower part; the inner funnel is in a horn shape with a big upper part and a small lower part, is matched with the inner hole of the outer funnel in shape, and is provided with a hanging lug for butt-joint hanging at the upper end; the traveling crane is arranged in the two layers of spaces and is used for controlling the movement of the inner funnel so as to enable the inner funnel to be in butt joint or separation with the outer funnel; when the inner funnel is in butt joint with the outer funnel, the lower port of the inner funnel stretches into a smelting cavity of the smelting furnace through a feeding port of the smelting furnace;
the negative pressure dust removing mechanism comprises a dust collecting cover and a negative pressure dust remover; the dust collecting cover is arranged on the trolley and is positioned in the hollowed-out hole B of the trolley, an air passage is arranged in the dust collecting cover, a dust collecting port and a dust discharging port are respectively formed at two ends of the air passage on the dust collecting cover, and the dust discharging port and the dust collecting port are respectively positioned at the upper end and the lower end of the hollowed-out hole B; an air inlet and an air outlet are arranged on the negative pressure dust remover, a filter element is arranged in the negative pressure dust remover, and the air inlet of the negative pressure dust remover is connected with a dust outlet of the dust collection cover through an air passage pipeline;
The material conveying mechanism comprises a support, a belt conveyor A and an upper traction assembly; the support is fixedly arranged in the two-layer space; the belt conveyor A comprises a frame body A and a conveying belt A arranged on the frame body A; the two ends of the belt conveyor A along the conveying direction of the conveying belt A are respectively provided with a feeding end A and a discharging end A; the frame body A is sequentially provided with a first hinge position, a second hinge position and a third hinge position from one end to the other end, the frame body A is hinged on the support through the first hinge position, and a rotating path of the belt conveyor A around the first hinge position is positioned in a vertical plane; the upper traction component comprises a connecting frame, a steel cable and a winch; the lower end of the connecting frame is hinged to a third hinge part of the frame body A; the lower end of the steel cable is connected with the upper end of the connecting frame, and the upper end of the steel cable is wound on the winch; the winch is fixedly arranged on the support, the winch drives the belt conveyor A to rotate around the first hinging position through the winding and unwinding steel cable, so that the belt conveyor A is switched between a conveying state and an avoiding state, a feeding end A of the belt conveyor A is adjacent to and opposite to a material outlet of the vertical elevator in the conveying state, and a discharging end A is positioned right above a material inlet of the smelting furnace, so that conveying of materials is realized; in the avoiding state, the belt conveyor A avoids a lifting moving path of the inner hopper, a overturning path of the smelting furnace and an overturning path of the overturning platform;
The trolley is sequentially provided with a first position, a second position and a third position along the moving path of the guide rail; when the trolley is in the first position, the lower port of the outer funnel is opposite to the charging port of the smelting furnace in a working state up and down; when the trolley is positioned at the second position, the dust collecting opening of the dust collecting cover is opposite to the feeding opening of the smelting furnace in the working state vertically; when the trolley is in the third position, the rotating paths of the trolley and the tipping platform are staggered up and down; the outer funnel and the inner funnel may be docked or undocked only when the trolley is in the first position.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that: the steel ball cleaning machine comprises an outer cylinder, an inner cylinder, a bracket A, an electric push rod X and a motor; one end of the outer cylinder body is provided with a steel ball outlet D, a dry ice inlet, an exhaust gas outlet and a steel ball inlet D, the center and the lower edge of the other end are respectively provided with a crankshaft perforation and a slag discharging port, and the slag discharging port is provided with an electric control valve B; the outer cylinder body is rotationally connected with a cover plate on the steel ball outlet D, and the cover plate is rotated to open or close the steel ball outlet D; the waste gas outlet of the outer cylinder body is communicated with the sand inlet of the dust collection bin through a gas path pipeline; the steel ball inlet D of the outer cylinder body is connected with the steel ball outlet B of the screening bin through a pipeline; one end of the inner cylinder body is provided with an opening, the other end of the inner cylinder body is provided with an end plate, a cleaning cavity is arranged in the inner cylinder body, and the outer circular surface of the inner cylinder body is provided with a hollowed-out hole; the inner cylinder body is rotatably arranged in the outer cylinder body, an annular cavity is formed between the inner cylinder body and the outer cylinder body, and the opening of the inner cylinder body is opposite to and is close to a steel ball outlet D, a dry ice inlet, an exhaust gas outlet and a steel ball inlet D of the outer cylinder body; the lower end of the bracket A is arranged on the ground, and the upper end of the bracket A is hinged with the outer wall of the outer cylinder; the lower end of the electric push rod X is hinged on the ground, the upper end of the electric push rod X is hinged with the outer wall of the outer cylinder body, and the electric push rod X is used for driving the outer cylinder body to rotate around the hinged position of the outer cylinder body in a vertical plane, so that the steel ball outlet D faces obliquely upwards or obliquely downwards; when the steel ball outlet D faces obliquely upwards, the cover plate is attached to the steel ball outlet D to close the steel ball outlet D, and when the steel ball outlet D faces obliquely downwards, the cover plate is separated from the steel ball outlet D to open the steel ball outlet D; the motor is fixedly arranged on one side end face of the outer part of the outer cylinder body, the shaft of the motor extends into the inner part of the outer cylinder body through the shaft perforation and is fixedly connected with the end plate of the inner cylinder body, and the shaft of the motor rotates to drive the inner cylinder body to do circumferential rotation relative to the outer cylinder body.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that: the metal cutting machine, the metal shredder and the metal compression packer are also included; the metal shredder, the metal compression packer and the metal smelting feeding assembly are sequentially used in the process of decontaminating the radioactive nuclear waste metal; the shot blasting decontamination device and the metal cutting machine are used continuously in the nuclear waste metal decontamination process; the use of the shot peening apparatus and the metal cutting machine are both arranged prior to the use of the metal shredder.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that: the device also comprises a belt conveyor B, a belt conveyor C and a belt conveyor D; the belt conveyor B is arranged between the metal cutting machine and the metal shredder and is used for conveying the materials processed by the metal cutting machine to the metal shredder; the belt conveyor C is arranged between the metal shredder and the metal baling press and is used for conveying the material processed by the metal shredder to the metal baling press; the belt conveyor D is arranged between the material inlet and the material outlet of the metal compression packer and the material inlet of the vertical lifter and is used for conveying the material processed by the metal compression packer into the vertical lifter.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that: the metal compression packer comprises a box body, an X-direction propelling component, a Y-direction propelling component, a top overturning component and a discharging control component;
The box body is in a hollow cuboid shape, a compression cavity is arranged in the box body, a feeding and discharging port communicated with the compression cavity is arranged at the upper end of the box body, four side walls of the box body are respectively named as a first wall, a second wall, a third wall and a fourth wall according to clockwise, a rectangular opening A communicated with the compression cavity is arranged at the lower end of the first wall, which is close to the second wall, a rectangular opening B communicated with the compression cavity is arranged at the lower end of the fourth wall, a corner notch is arranged between the lower end of the third wall and the bottom wall of the box body, the corner notch is formed by communicating a rectangular opening C arranged on the third wall and a rectangular opening D arranged on the bottom wall of the box body, and the rectangular opening C is opposite to the rectangular opening A;
the X-direction propelling component comprises an X-direction hydraulic cylinder and an X-direction push plate connected to the end of a piston rod of the X-direction hydraulic cylinder; the cylinder body of the X-direction hydraulic cylinder is fixedly arranged on the fourth wall of the box body and is positioned outside the compression cavity; the X-direction push plate is driven by the X-direction hydraulic cylinder to horizontally reciprocate and linearly move so as to be converted between being flush with the rectangular opening B and extending into the compression cavity, and the moving direction of the X-direction push plate is vertical to the second wall;
the Y-direction propelling component comprises a Y-direction hydraulic cylinder and a Y-direction push plate connected to the end of a piston rod of the Y-direction hydraulic cylinder; the cylinder body of the Y-direction hydraulic cylinder is fixedly arranged on the first wall of the box body and is positioned outside the compression cavity; the Y-direction push plate is driven by the Y-direction hydraulic cylinder to horizontally reciprocate and linearly move so as to be converted between being flush with the rectangular opening A and extending into the compression cavity, and the moving direction of the Y-direction push plate is parallel to the second wall;
The top overturning assembly comprises a rotating plate and an overturning hydraulic cylinder; one end of the rotating plate is provided with a fourth hinging part, and the middle part of the rotating plate is provided with a fifth hinging part; the cylinder body of the overturning hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the upper end of the fourth wall, the end head of a piston rod of the overturning hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the fifth hinged position of the rotating plate, and the piston rod of the overturning hydraulic cylinder stretches to drive the rotating plate to rotate in a vertical plane around the fourth hinged position, so that a feed inlet and a feed outlet of the box body are closed or opened;
the discharging control assembly comprises a rotating shaft, a folded plate and a discharging hydraulic cylinder; the rotating shaft is horizontally arranged and movably arranged at the upper end of the third wall and is parallel to the third wall, one end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected with the upper end of the plate A, and the other end of the rotating shaft is hinged with the end head of a piston rod of the discharging hydraulic cylinder; the folded plate consists of a plate A and a plate B which are mutually perpendicular and are connected at the side edges, and the folded plate is arranged at the corner notch and is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft at the upper end of the plate A; the cylinder body of the discharging hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the lower end of the second wall, and a piston rod of the discharging hydraulic cylinder stretches and contracts to drive the rotating shaft to rotate, so that the folded plate is driven to rotate around the rotating shaft, and the folded plate is converted between the supplementing state and the discharging state; when the folded plate is in the deficiency state, the surface of the plate A in the compression cavity is flush with the surface of the third wall in the compression cavity, and the surface of the plate B in the compression cavity is flush with the surface of the bottom wall of the box body in the compression cavity; when the folded plate is in a discharging state, the plate A inclines to the outer side of the compression cavity, and the plate B inclines to the upper end of the compression cavity.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that: the trolley assembly further comprises a universal ball seat and a steel ball, the lower end of the universal ball seat is fixedly arranged on the two-layer bottom plate or the tipping platform and is positioned at the outer side of one guide rail relatively close to the drainage groove, a spherical pit for accommodating the steel ball is formed in the upper end of the universal ball seat, and the steel ball is movably arranged in the spherical pit of the universal ball seat; the number of the universal ball seats is multiple, and all the universal ball seats are arranged at intervals and are arranged side by side to form a row parallel to the guide rail; when the trolley moves to any position along the guide rail, at least one steel ball on the universal ball seat is contacted with the lower surface of the trolley body; correspondingly, the trolley body of the trolley is a rectangular frame with four vertex angles, the electric wheels are only arranged at the three vertex angles at the lower end of the trolley body, and the electric wheels are not arranged at the lower end of one vertex angle of the trolley body, which is relatively close to the drainage groove.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that: the trolley assembly also comprises an electric push rod B and a positioning sleeve; the electric push rod B is fixedly connected to one end of the trolley body and performs lifting movement in the vertical direction; the positioning sleeve is fixedly arranged on the tipping platform and is positioned at the lower end of the electric push rod B; when the trolley is at the first position, the electric push rod B is opposite to the positioning sleeve up and down, and the electric push rod B stretches into the inner hole of the positioning sleeve to lock the position of the trolley.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that: when the inner funnel is in butt joint with the outer funnel, the interval between the lower port of the inner funnel and the bottom surface of the smelting cavity of the smelting furnace is 0-5cm; a disposable soft pad is arranged in the lower port of the inner funnel.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that: the material conveying mechanism further comprises a lower supporting part; the lower supporting part is arranged between the two layers of bottom plates and the frame body A, the upper end of the lower supporting part is hinged with the second hinge part of the frame body A, and the lower end of the lower supporting part is suspended and always keeps vertical along with the rotation of the belt conveyor A; when the belt conveyor a is in the conveying state, the lower end of the lower supporting member abuts against the two-layer bottom plate, thereby providing support for the belt conveyor a.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that: the vertical elevator comprises an elevator shaft, a lifting table, a traction driving device and a conveyor belt mechanism; the lower end of the elevator shaft is provided with a material inlet communicated with the first-layer space, and the upper end of the elevator shaft is provided with a material outlet communicated with the second-layer space; the lifting platform is arranged in the elevator shaft through the traction driving device and is driven by the traction driving device to do lifting motion in the vertical direction; the conveyor belt mechanism is arranged on the lifting platform, is provided with a conveyor belt, and synchronously moves up and down along with the lifting platform so as to move between an upper butt joint position and a lower butt joint position; when the conveyor belt mechanism is in the upper butt joint position, the conveyor belt is opposite to the material outlet so as to output materials, and when the conveyor belt mechanism is in the lower butt joint position, the conveyor belt is opposite to the material inlet so as to receive the materials.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that: the upper end of the steel ball inlet E of the return bin is connected with a receiving hopper with an electric control valve C.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that: the steel ball outlet D of the steel ball cleaning machine is semicircular and is arranged close to the lower end edge of the end face of the outer cylinder; correspondingly, the cover plate presents a semicircular shape which is matched with the shape of the steel ball outlet D; correspondingly, the dry ice inlet, the waste gas outlet and the steel ball inlet D are all positioned at the upper end of the end face of the outer cylinder body.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that: the high pressure air source is an air compressor.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that: the negative pressure air extraction equipment is a vacuum pump.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that: it also includes an industrial robot for grasping the lance and controlling the lance movement.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the method is used for radioactive decontamination treatment of nuclear waste metal, most of the nuclear waste metal is collected in a nuclear power station or a nuclear industry enterprise, and most of the metal is only subjected to radioactive contamination on the surface except that a small part of the metal (such as the metal in the reactor core) is subjected to radioactive contamination;
on one hand, the steel balls in the shot blasting decontamination device are used for carrying out high-speed striking on the surface of the nuclear waste metal, so that stains, rust and radioactive substance layers on the surface of the nuclear waste metal can be effectively stripped, and the radioactive decontamination effect is achieved;
On the other hand, the nuclear waste metal is smelted by the smelting furnace, so that the radionuclide remained in the nuclear waste metal is released, part of the radionuclide which is easy to volatilize is directly changed into gas to volatilize at high temperature, and part of the radionuclide is deposited in slag generated in smelting, so that the gas volatilized in the smelting process and the generated slag are collected, and the effect of radioactive decontamination is further achieved;
the radiation dose in the nuclear waste metal is greatly reduced (the radiation dose meeting the requirements of civil steel) through the two steps of shot blasting and smelting, and the smelting liquid can be cast into different products according to the actual application requirements, so that the nuclear waste metal is turned into wealth, the recycling of the nuclear waste metal is realized, and the requirement of 'radioactive waste minimization' is fully met.
2. The shot blasting decontamination device has the following advantages:
a. the steel balls circularly flow among the spray gun, the screening bin and the recycling bin, the circulation path is relatively short, the abrasion of the steel balls is relatively small, and the service life is longer;
b. the spray gun can be used for carrying out decontamination operation after being propped against the surface of a workpiece, the decontamination part and decontamination time can be flexibly controlled by operators, and the operation mode is very convenient;
c. Dust and fragments generated in the shot blasting decontamination operation process can be immediately collected into a dust collector, cannot leak to the outside, and can reduce the radiation quantity received by operators to a large extent;
d. the automatic cleaning of the steel balls can be realized, radionuclides stained on the surfaces of the steel balls can be fully removed through the cleaning process, and the recycling times of the steel balls when the steel balls are used for radioactive decontamination of the surfaces of nuclear waste metals are prolonged.
3. The metal smelting feeding assembly has very high automation degree, the whole feeding-smelting-pouring process basically does not need manual intervention, and a plurality of anti-interference structures (avoiding structures) are designed in a targeted manner according to the sequence and the relative position relation in the action process of each part while meeting the action requirements of each part;
a. in order to avoid interference with a furnace mouth of a smelting furnace (a drainage groove is arranged on the furnace mouth) in the moving process of the trolley, on one hand, an electric wheel which is relatively close to the lower end of a top angle of the furnace mouth of the trolley (namely, the trolley is only provided with the electric wheel at three top angles at the lower end) is removed, and on the other hand, the trolley is supported in an auxiliary way through a universal ball seat and a steel ball which are arranged on a two-layer bottom plate, so that the stability of the trolley in the moving process is ensured;
b. In order to avoid interference between the inner funnel and the belt conveyor A in the butt joint or separation process, on one hand, a hinge structure capable of integrally rotating is designed for the belt conveyor A, and on the other hand, rotation power is provided for the belt conveyor A through the upper traction component, so that stability and reliability of the belt conveyor A in the rotation process are ensured.
4. The metal smelting feeding assembly has good reliability, fully considers various adverse factors existing in the working state of the metal smelting feeding assembly, and purposefully designs various structures which are beneficial to improving the reliability;
a. in order to ensure that the trolley can accurately align with a feed port of a smelting furnace when in a first position, and cannot shake or slide due to the impact of materials, a locking structure in a specific state is designed for the trolley, namely, an electric push rod B is arranged at one end of the trolley, a positioning sleeve is arranged at a corresponding position of a tipping platform, and when the trolley is in the first position, the electric push rod B is opposite to the positioning sleeve up and down, and the electric push rod B stretches into an inner hole of the positioning sleeve to lock the position of the trolley;
b. in order to prevent the materials from injuring the bottom surface of the smelting cavity of the smelting furnace when the cold furnace is used for feeding materials, on one hand, a disposable soft cushion is arranged at the lower port of the inner funnel, and on the other hand, the interval between the lower port of the inner funnel and the bottom surface of the smelting cavity is only 0-5cm in a butt joint state; the buffer function can be well achieved when the cold furnace is used for feeding, and the bottom surface of a smelting cavity of the smelting furnace is prevented from being crushed;
c. In order to facilitate the observation of the internal condition of the smelting furnace at any time (through the feed port) in the smelting process, the dust collecting cover is designed into a structure style with adjustable height.
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a shot blasting decontamination device;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a steel ball washer;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a steel ball dispatcher;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the spray gun;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a metal baling press in one view;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a metal baling press from another perspective;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a metal smelting charging assembly;
FIG. 9 is a state diagram of the working process of the present invention when the step e of the step S04 is completed;
FIG. 10 is a state diagram showing the completion of step a of step S05 of the working process of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a state diagram showing the completion of step d, step S05, of the operation of the present invention;
fig. 12 is an enlarged view of a portion a of fig. 9.
Description: the vertical lift is only shown in fig. 8 and not shown in fig. 9-11.
Legend description: a shot blasting decontamination device 1; a spray gun 11; a converging chamber 111; a shot blast operation port 1111; the steel ball is shot into the channel 112; steel ball inlet a1121; a steel ball recovery passage 113; steel ball outlet a1131; a screening bin 121; steel ball inlet B1211; a dust outlet 1212; tuyere a1213; a steel ball drop port 1214; steel ball outlet B1215; a recovery bin 122; steel ball outlet C1221; a negative pressure vent 1222; steel ball return 1223; a three-way joint 123; a first port 1231; a second port 1232; a third port 1233; a dust collection bin 131; an upper cavity 1311; a lower cavity 1312; a sand inlet 1313; a filtered air outlet 1314; a filter element 132; a steel ball washer 14; an outer cylinder 141; steel ball outlet D1411; a dry ice inlet 1412; an exhaust gas outlet 1413; steel ball inlet D1414; a slag discharge port 1415; a cover plate 1416; an inner cylinder 142; a hollowed-out hole 1421; a bracket a143; an electric push rod X144; a motor 145; an annular cavity 146; a steel ball dispatcher 15; a dispatch bin 151; steel ball inlet E1511; steel ball outlet E1512; a receiving hopper 1513; bracket B152; an electric push rod Y153; a high-pressure air inlet 161; a dry ice feed opening 162; a dry ice outlet 163; a source of high pressure air 17; a negative pressure air extraction device 18; a metal cutting machine 2; a metal shredder 3; a metal baling press 4; a case 41; a first wall 411; a second wall 412; a third wall 413; a fourth wall 414; a bottom wall 415; x-direction hydraulic cylinder 421; an X-direction push plate 422; y-direction hydraulic cylinder 431; a Y-direction push plate 432; a rotating plate 441; a fourth hinge 4411; a roll-over hydraulic cylinder 442; a rotation shaft 451; flap 452; a discharge hydraulic cylinder 453; a layer of base plate 511; a two-layer base plate 512; a communication port 513; a vertical elevator 52; a material inlet 521; a material outlet 522; tilting platform 531; smelting furnace 532; a feed inlet 5321; drainage groove 5322; a roll-over hydraulic cylinder 533; a guide rail 541; a cart 542; a universal ball seat 543; steel ball 544; electric putter B545; a positioning sleeve 546; an outer funnel 551; an inner funnel 552; a hanging ear 5521; dust hood 563; a support 571; a frame body A5721; a first hinge 57211; a second hinge 57212; a third hinge 57213; conveyor a5722; a connecting frame 5731; a wire rope 5732; a hoist 5733; a lower support member 574; a belt conveyor B6; an electric push rod A61; a connecting frame 62; a dust hood 63; a belt conveyor C7; belt conveyor D8.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1 to 12, the decontamination system for radioactive nuclear waste metal is used for radioactive nuclear waste metal decontamination, and comprises a shot blasting decontamination device 1, a metal cutting machine 2, a metal shredder 3, a metal compression packer 4 and a metal smelting feeding assembly.
The metal shredder 3, the metal compactor 4 and the metal smelting feed assembly are used in sequence in the process of decontaminating the radioactive nuclear waste metal. The shot-blasting decontamination device 1 and the metal cutting machine 2 are used successively in the nuclear waste metal decontamination process (the successive use is not limited to the successive use relationship, and can be implemented by cutting through the metal cutting machine 2, then decontaminating through the shot-blasting decontamination device 1, or decontaminating through the shot-blasting decontamination device, and then cutting through the metal cutting machine 2). Furthermore, the use of the shot-peening apparatus 1 and the metal cutting machine 2 are both arranged before the use of the metal shredder 3.
The shot blasting decontamination device 1 comprises a spray gun 11, a sand and dust separator, a sand and dust collector, a steel ball cleaning machine 14, a steel ball dispatcher 15, a dry ice supply device, a high-pressure air source 17 and a negative pressure air extraction device 18.
The spray gun 11 is internally provided with a converging cavity 111, a steel ball injection channel 112 and a steel ball recovery channel 113. The front end of the steel ball injecting channel 112 and the front end of the steel ball recovering channel 113 are respectively communicated to the rear end of the converging cavity 111, and the front end of the converging cavity 111, the rear end of the steel ball injecting channel 112 and the rear end of the steel ball recovering channel 113 respectively form a shot blasting operation opening 1111, a steel ball inlet A1121 and a steel ball outlet A1131 on the spray gun 11.
The sand and dust separator comprises a screening bin 121, a recovery bin 122 and a three-way joint 123 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom. The two sides of the upper end of the screening bin 121 are respectively provided with a steel ball inlet B1211 and a sand dust outlet 1212, and the lower end of the screening bin 121 is provided with a blast hole A1213, a steel ball falling hole 1214 and a steel ball outlet B1215. The steel ball inlet B1211 is communicated with the steel ball outlet A1131 of the spray gun 11 through a gas path pipeline. An electric control valve A is arranged on the steel ball falling opening 1214. The steel ball outlet B1215 is provided with an electric control valve D. The upper end of the recovery bin 122 is provided with an opening opposite to the steel ball falling opening 1214 of the screening bin 121, the lower end of the recovery bin 122 is provided with a steel ball outlet C1221, and the side wall of the recovery bin 122 is provided with a negative pressure exhaust port 1222 and a steel ball return opening 1223. The three-way joint 123 is provided with a first port 1231, a second port 1232 and a third port 1233, the first port 1231 is connected to the steel ball outlet C1221 of the recovery bin 122, and the second port 1232 is communicated with the steel ball inlet a1121 of the spray gun 11 through an air path pipeline.
The sand collector comprises a dust collection bin 131 and a filter element 132 arranged in the inner cavity of the dust collection bin 131. The filter element 132 divides the inner cavity of the dust collection bin 131 into an upper cavity 1311 and a lower cavity 1312 which are not communicated with each other, and a sand inlet 1313 communicated with the lower cavity 1312 and a filtered air outlet 1314 communicated with the upper cavity 1311 are arranged on the outer wall of the dust collection bin 131. The dust inlet 1313 communicates with the dust outlet 1212 of the screening bin 121 via a gas path conduit.
The steel ball washer 14 includes an outer cylinder 141, an inner cylinder 142, a bracket a143, an electric putter X144, and a motor 145. One end of the outer cylinder 141 is provided with a steel ball outlet D1411, a dry ice inlet 1412, an exhaust gas outlet 1413 and a steel ball inlet D1414, the center and the lower edge of the other end are respectively provided with a crankshaft perforation and a slag discharging port 1415, and the slag discharging port 1415 is provided with an electric control valve B. The outer cylinder 141 is rotatably connected to a cover plate 1416 on the steel ball outlet D1411, and the cover plate 1416 is rotated to open or close the steel ball outlet D1411. The exhaust gas outlet 1413 of the outer cylinder 141 is communicated with the sand inlet 1313 of the dust bin 131 through a gas path pipe. The steel ball inlet D1414 of the outer cylinder 141 is connected with the steel ball outlet B1215 of the screening bin 121 through a pipeline. One end of the inner cylinder 142 is provided with an opening, the other end is provided with an end plate, the outer circular surface of the inner cylinder is provided with a hollowed-out hole 1421, and the hollowed-out hole 1421 is a bar-shaped hole and can be used for passing dust and fragments smaller than the steel balls. The inner cylinder 142 is rotatably mounted inside the outer cylinder 141 (via bearings) and forms an annular chamber 146 with the outer cylinder 141, with the opening of the inner cylinder 142 facing and being in close proximity to the ball outlet D1411, dry ice inlet 1412 and exhaust outlet 1413 of the outer cylinder 141. The lower end of the bracket A143 is arranged on the ground, and the upper end is hinged with the outer wall of the outer cylinder 141. The lower end of the electric push rod X144 is hinged on the ground, the upper end of the electric push rod X is hinged with the outer wall of the outer cylinder 141, and the electric push rod X is used for driving the outer cylinder 141 to rotate around the hinged position in a vertical plane, so that the steel ball outlet D1411 faces obliquely upwards or obliquely downwards. When the steel ball outlet D1411 is directed obliquely upward, the cover plate 1416 is fitted with the steel ball outlet D1411 to close the steel ball outlet D1411, and when the steel ball outlet D1411 is directed obliquely downward, the cover plate 1416 is separated from the steel ball outlet D1411 to open the steel ball outlet D1411. The motor 145 is fixedly installed on one side end surface of the outer cylinder 141, and the shaft thereof extends into the outer cylinder 141 through the shaft perforation and is fixedly connected with the end plate of the inner cylinder 142, and the shaft of the motor 145 rotates to drive the inner cylinder 142 to rotate circumferentially relative to the outer cylinder 141.
The steel ball dispatcher 15 includes a dispatcher bin 151, a bracket B152, and an electric push rod Y153. The upper end of the collapsible bin 151 is provided with a steel ball inlet E1511, the lower end of the collapsible bin 151 is provided with a steel ball outlet E1512, and the steel ball inlet E1511 of the collapsible bin 151 is positioned right below a steel ball outlet D1414 of the outer cylinder 141. The lower end of the bracket B152 is fixedly arranged on the ground, and the upper end is hinged with the outer wall of the dispatch bin 151. The lower end of the electric push rod Y153 is hinged on the ground, the upper end of the electric push rod Y153 is hinged with the outer wall of the collapsible bin 151, and the electric push rod Y153 is used for driving the collapsible bin 151 to rotate around the hinged position in a vertical plane, so that the steel ball outlet E1512 faces obliquely upwards or obliquely downwards. The steel ball dispatcher 15 receives the steel balls discharged from the steel ball washer 14 when the steel ball outlet E1512 is directed obliquely upward, and the steel ball dispatcher 15 conveys the steel balls to the recovery bin 122 when the steel ball outlet E1512 is directed obliquely downward.
The inside of the dry ice supply device is provided with a dry ice storage cavity, and the outer wall of the dry ice supply device is provided with a high-pressure air inlet 161, a dry ice feeding port 162 and a dry ice outlet 163 which are communicated with the dry ice storage cavity. The dry ice outlet 163 is communicated with the dry ice inlet 1412 of the steel ball cleaning machine 14 through a gas path pipeline.
The high-pressure air source 17 is used for outputting compressed air, and the high-pressure air source 17 is respectively communicated with the blast port A1213 of the screening bin 121, the third port 1233 of the three-way joint 123 and the high-pressure air inlet 161 of the dry ice supply device through air path pipelines.
The negative pressure air extraction device 18 is used for providing negative pressure, and the negative pressure air extraction device 18 is respectively communicated with the filtered air outlet 1314 of the dust collection bin 131 and the negative pressure air outlet 1222 of the recovery bin 122 through air path pipelines.
The metal baling press 4 includes a box 41, an X-direction pushing assembly, a Y-direction pushing assembly, a top turn assembly, and a discharge control assembly.
The box 41 is hollow cuboid, a compression cavity is arranged in the box 41, a feed inlet and a discharge outlet communicated to the compression cavity are arranged at the upper end of the box, four side walls of the box are respectively named as a first wall 411, a second wall 412, a third wall 413 and a fourth wall 414 according to clockwise, a rectangular opening A communicated to the compression cavity is arranged at the lower end of the first wall 411, which is close to the second wall 412, a rectangular opening B communicated to the compression cavity is arranged at the lower end of the fourth wall 414, a corner notch is arranged between the lower end of the third wall 413 and the bottom wall 415 of the box 41, and the corner notch is formed by communicating a rectangular opening C arranged on the third wall 413 with a rectangular opening D arranged on the bottom wall 415 of the box 41, wherein the rectangular opening C is opposite to the rectangular opening A.
The X-direction thrust assembly includes an X-direction hydraulic cylinder 421 and an X-direction thrust plate 422 connected to the end of the piston rod of the X-direction hydraulic cylinder 421. The cylinder body of the X-direction hydraulic cylinder 421 is fixedly installed on the fourth wall 414 of the casing 41 and is located outside the compression chamber. The X-direction push plate 422 is driven by the X-direction hydraulic cylinder 421 to horizontally reciprocate and linearly move, so as to be converted between being flush with the rectangular opening B and extending into the compression chamber, and the moving direction of the X-direction push plate 422 is perpendicular to the second wall 412.
The Y-direction propulsion assembly includes a Y-direction hydraulic cylinder 431 and a Y-direction push plate 432 connected to the end of the piston rod of the Y-direction hydraulic cylinder 431. The cylinder body of the Y-direction hydraulic cylinder 431 is fixedly installed on the first wall 411 of the casing 41 and is located outside the compression chamber. The Y-direction pushing plate 432 is driven by the Y-direction hydraulic cylinder 431 to horizontally reciprocate and linearly move, so that the movement direction of the Y-direction pushing plate 432 is parallel to the second wall 412 and is changed between being flush with the rectangular opening a and extending into the compression chamber.
The top tilt assembly includes a rotating plate 441 and a tilt cylinder 442. A fourth hinge 4411 is provided at one end of the rotating plate 441, and a fifth hinge is provided in the middle of the rotating plate 441. The cylinder body of the overturning hydraulic cylinder 442 is hinged at the upper end of the fourth wall 414, the end head of the piston rod of the overturning hydraulic cylinder 442 is hinged at the fifth hinged position of the rotating plate 441, and the piston rod of the overturning hydraulic cylinder 442 stretches and contracts to drive the rotating plate 441 to rotate in the vertical plane around the fourth hinged position 4411, so that the feed inlet and the feed outlet of the box 41 are closed or opened.
The outfeed control assembly includes a spindle 451, a flap 452, and an outfeed hydraulic cylinder 453. The rotating shaft 451 is horizontally arranged and movably mounted at the upper end of the third wall 413 and is parallel to the third wall 413, the rotating shaft 451 is fixedly connected with the upper end of the plate A at one end, and the rotating shaft 451 is hinged with the end head of a piston rod of the discharging hydraulic cylinder 453 at the other end. The folded plate 452 is composed of a plate A and a plate B which are perpendicular to each other and are connected at the side edges, and the folded plate 452 is arranged at the corner notch and is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft 451 at the upper end of the plate A. The cylinder body of the discharging hydraulic cylinder 453 is hinged to the lower end of the second wall 412, and a piston rod of the discharging hydraulic cylinder 453 stretches and contracts to drive the rotating shaft 451 to rotate, so that the folded plate 452 is driven to rotate around the rotating shaft 451, and the folded plate 452 is enabled to be switched between the deficiency state and the discharging state. When flap 452 is in the anaplerotic condition, the surface of panel A in the compression cavity is flush with the surface of third wall 413 in the compression cavity, and the surface of panel B in the compression cavity is flush with the surface of bottom wall 415 of housing 41 in the compression cavity. When flap 452 is in the discharge position, plate a is inclined outwardly of the compression chamber and plate B is inclined upwardly of the compression chamber.
The metal smelting feeding assembly comprises a main frame, a vertical lifting machine 52, a smelting furnace assembly, a trolley assembly, a feeding butt joint mechanism, a negative pressure dust removing mechanism and a material conveying mechanism.
The main frame is provided with a first layer of bottom plate 511 and a second layer of bottom plate 512 from bottom to top in sequence, a first layer of space is arranged between the first layer of bottom plate 511 and the second layer of bottom plate 512, a second layer of space is arranged at the upper end of the second layer of bottom plate 512, and a communication port 513 for communicating the first layer of space with the second layer of space is arranged on the second layer of bottom plate 512.
The vertical lift 52 is fixedly mounted to the main frame and is positioned between the first floor space and the second floor space. The vertical hoisting machine 52 comprises an elevator shaft, a hoisting platform (not shown), a traction drive (not shown) and a conveyor mechanism (not shown). The lower end of the elevator shaft is provided with a material inlet 521 communicated with the first-layer space, and the upper end of the elevator shaft is provided with a material outlet 522 communicated with the second-layer space. The lifting platform is installed in the elevator shaft through a traction driving device and performs lifting movement in the vertical direction. The conveyor belt mechanism is arranged on the lifting platform, is provided with a conveyor belt, and moves along with the lifting platform synchronously, so as to move between an upper butt joint position and a lower butt joint position. When the conveyor belt mechanism is in the upper docked position, the conveyor belt is facing the material outlet 522 to output material, and when the conveyor belt mechanism is in the lower docked position, the conveyor belt is facing the material inlet 521 to receive material.
The smelting furnace assembly includes a tilting platform 531, a smelting furnace 532, and a tilting hydraulic cylinder 533. The tipping platform 531 is hinged at the communication port 513 of the two-layer base plate 512 and rotates in a vertical plane about the hinge. The smelting furnace 532 is internally provided with a smelting cavity, the upper end of the smelting furnace 532 is provided with a feed port 5321 communicated with the smelting cavity and a drainage groove 5322 communicated with the feed port 5321, the upper end of the outer wall of the smelting furnace 532 is fixedly connected with the tipping platform 531, is positioned at the communication port 513 of the two-layer bottom plate 512 and is positioned between the first-layer space and the second-layer space. The overturning hydraulic cylinder 533 is arranged between the one-layer bottom plate 511 and the smelting furnace 532, the lower end of the overturning hydraulic cylinder 533 is hinged to the one-layer bottom plate 511, the upper end of the overturning hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the lower surface of the overturning platform 531, and the overturning hydraulic cylinder is used for driving the overturning platform 531 to rotate around the hinged position of the overturning platform 531 so as to drive the smelting furnace 532 to rotate, so that the smelting furnace 532 is switched between a working state and a dumping state. Smelting furnace 532 is in a vertical position in the operating state, and charging port 5321 is vertically upward. The smelting furnace 532 is inclined in a pouring state, and liquid in the smelting cavity can be poured out through the feed opening 5321 and the drainage groove 5322.
The trolley assembly includes a rail 541 and a trolley 542. The number of the guide rails 541 is two, and the two guide rails 541 are fixedly installed on the two-layer bottom plate 512 in parallel to each other and distributed on two sides of the charging hole 5321 of the smelting furnace 532. Both of the rails are arranged perpendicular to the tapping spout 5322 of the smelting furnace 532, with one rail 541 being relatively close to the tapping spout 5322 and the other rail being relatively far from the tapping spout 5322. The cart 542 includes a vehicle body and motorized wheels. The vehicle body is provided with a hollowed-out hole A and a hollowed-out hole B. The electric wheel is arranged at the lower end of the vehicle body. The trolley 542 is movably mounted on two guide rails 541 by means of motorized wheels.
The feed docking mechanism includes an outer funnel 551, an inner funnel 552, and a traveling crane (not shown). The outer funnel 551 is fixedly arranged in the hollowed hole A of the car body and is in a horn shape with a big upper part and a small lower part. The inner funnel 552 is in a horn shape with a big top and a small bottom, is matched with the inner hole of the outer funnel 551, and is provided with a hanging lug 5521 at the upper end for butt hanging. The traveling crane is installed in the two-layered space, and is used for controlling the movement of the inner funnel 552, so that the inner funnel 552 is in butt joint with or separated from the outer funnel 551. When the inner funnel 552 is docked with the outer funnel 551, the lower port of the inner funnel 552 protrudes into the smelting chamber of the smelting furnace 532 through the charging port 5321 of the smelting furnace 532.
The negative pressure dust removing mechanism includes a dust hood 563 and a negative pressure dust remover (not shown in the drawing). The dust collection cover 563 is mounted on the trolley 542 and is positioned in the hollowed-out hole B of the trolley 542, an air passage is arranged in the dust collection cover 563, a dust collection port and a dust discharge port are respectively formed at two ends of the dust collection cover 563 by the air passage, and the dust discharge port and the dust collection port are respectively positioned at the upper end and the lower end of the hollowed-out hole B. The negative pressure dust remover is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, a filter element is arranged in the negative pressure dust remover, and the air inlet of the negative pressure dust remover is connected with the dust outlet of the dust hood 563 through an air passage pipeline.
The material conveying mechanism comprises a support 571, a belt conveyor a and an upper pulling assembly. The support 571 is fixedly installed in the two-layer space. The belt conveyor a includes a frame a5721 and a conveyor belt a5722 mounted on the frame a 5721. The two ends of the belt conveyor A along the conveying direction of the conveying belt A5722 are respectively provided with a feeding end A and a discharging end A. The frame body A5721 is sequentially provided with a first hinging position 57211, a second hinging position 57212 and a third hinging position 57213 from one end to the other end, the frame body A5721 is hinged on the support 571 through a first hinging position 57211, and the rotation path of the belt conveyor A around the first hinging position 57211 is located in a vertical plane. The upper pulling assembly includes a connection rack 5731, a wire rope 5732, and a hoist 5733. The lower end of the connecting frame 5731 is hinged on a third hinge 57213 of the frame body A5721. The lower end of the steel cable 5732 is connected with the upper end of the connecting frame 5731, and the upper end of the steel cable 5732 is wound on the winch 5733. The winch 5733 is fixedly installed on the support 571, the winch 5733 drives the belt conveyor A to rotate around the first hinging position 57211 through the winding and unwinding steel cable 5732, so that the belt conveyor A is switched between a conveying state and an avoiding state, in the conveying state, the feeding end A of the belt conveyor A is adjacent to and opposite to the material outlet 522 of the vertical lifting machine 52, and the discharging end A is located right above the material inlet 5321 of the smelting furnace 532, so that conveying of materials is achieved. In the avoidance state, the belt conveyor a avoids the lifting movement path of the inner hopper 552, the turning path of the smelting furnace 532, and the turning path of the tilting platform 531.
Preferably, it further comprises a belt conveyor B6, a belt conveyor C7 and a belt conveyor D8. A belt conveyor B6 is provided between the metal cutting machine 2 and the metal shredder 3 for conveying the material processed by the metal cutting machine 2 to the metal shredder 3. A belt conveyor C7 is provided between the metal shredder 3 and the metal baling press 4 for conveying the material processed by the metal shredder 3 to the metal baling press 4. The belt conveyor D8 is disposed between the material inlet and outlet of the metal baling press 4 and the material inlet 521 of the vertical lift 52, and is used for conveying the material processed by the metal baling press 4 into the vertical lift 52.
Preferably, the material delivery mechanism further includes a lower support member 574. The lower support member 574 is disposed between the two-layer floor 512 and the frame a5721, and has an upper end hinged to the second hinge 57212 of the frame a5721 and a lower end suspended so as to be always vertical with the rotation of the belt conveyor a. When belt conveyor a is in a conveying state, the lower end of lower support member 574 abuts against two-layer floor 512, thereby providing support for belt conveyor a.
Preferably, the negative pressure dust removing mechanism further comprises an electric push rod A61 and a connecting frame 62. The electric push rod a61 is fixedly installed on the car body 421 of the trolley 42 and is fixedly connected with the dust hood 63 through the connecting frame 62 so as to drive the dust hood 63 to vertically lift and move.
Preferably, the carriage assembly further includes a universal ball seat 543 and a steel ball 544. The lower end of the universal ball seat 543 is fixedly arranged on the two-layer bottom plate 512 or the tilting platform 531 and is positioned at the outer side of one guide rail 541 relatively close to the drainage groove 5322, a spherical pit for accommodating a steel ball is arranged at the upper end of the universal ball seat 543, and the steel ball 544 is movably arranged in the spherical pit of the universal ball seat 543; the number of the universal seats 543 is plural, and all the universal seats 543 are arranged at intervals and arranged in a row parallel to the guide rail 541. When the carriage 542 moves to any position along the rail 541, a steel ball 544 on at least one universal ball seat 543 contacts the lower surface of the carriage 542. Correspondingly, the trolley 542 has a rectangular frame with four corners, the electric wheels are only arranged at the three corners at the lower end of the trolley, and the electric wheels are not arranged at the lower end of one corner of the trolley, which is relatively close to the drainage groove 5322.
Preferably, the trolley assembly further includes a motorized push rod B545 and a positioning sleeve 546. The electric push rod B545 is fixedly connected to one end of the body of the trolley 542, and moves up and down in the vertical direction. A locating sleeve 546 is fixedly mounted to tipping platform 531 and is located at the lower end of electric pushrod B545. When the trolley 542 is in the first position, the electric push rod B545 is opposite to the positioning sleeve 546 up and down, and the electric push rod B545 stretches into the inner hole of the positioning sleeve 546 to lock the position of the trolley 542.
Preferably, when the inner funnel 552 is docked with the outer funnel 551, the lower port of the inner funnel 552 is spaced from the bottom surface of the smelting chamber of the smelting furnace 532 by 0-5cm. A disposable soft pad (not shown) is provided in the lower port of the inner funnel 552, which is self-dissolving at high temperatures (between 200-500 c).
Preferably, valves (not shown) are provided on all the gas lines.
Preferably, the upper end of the steel ball inlet E1511 of the dispatch bin 151 is connected with a receiving hopper 1513 with an electric control valve C.
Preferably, the steel ball outlet D1411 of the steel ball cleaning machine 14 is semicircular and is arranged close to the lower end edge of the end face of the outer cylinder 141; correspondingly, the cover plate 1416 presents a semicircular shape which is matched with the shape of the steel ball outlet D1411; correspondingly, the dry ice inlet 1412, the exhaust gas outlet 1413 and the steel ball inlet D1414 are all positioned at the upper end of the end face of the outer cylinder 141.
Preferably, the source of high pressure air 17 is an air compressor.
Preferably, the negative pressure pumping device 18 is a vacuum pump.
Preferably, it also comprises an industrial robot (not shown in the figures) for gripping the spray gun 11 and controlling the movement of the spray gun 11.
The state of the trolley is described as follows:
the carriage 542 is provided with a first position, a second position, and a third position in this order along the moving path of the guide rail 541. When the trolley 542 is in the first position, the lower port of the outer funnel 551 is opposite to the charging port 5321 of the smelting furnace 532 in the working state. When the trolley 542 is in the second position, the dust collection port of the dust collection cover 563 is vertically opposite to the charging port 5321 of the smelting furnace 532 in the working state. When the cart 542 is in the third position, the cart 542 is offset up and down from the rotational path of the tilt platform 531. The outer funnel 551 and the inner funnel 552 can be docked or undocked only when the trolley 542 is in the first position.
The working principle of the shot blasting decontamination device is as follows:
the operator remotely controls the industrial robot to operate to grip the gun and move the gun 11, to bring the peening opening 1111 of the gun 11 against and against the surface of the nuclear scrap metal, and then to activate the high pressure air source 17 and the negative pressure air extraction device 18. Under the combined action of the high-pressure air source 17 and the negative-pressure air extracting device 18, the steel balls circularly flow among the spray gun 111, the screening bin 121 and the recovery bin 122.
When the steel balls flow through the spray gun 11, the moving paths are a steel ball injection channel 112, a converging cavity 111 and a steel ball recovery channel 113 in sequence. After entering the converging chamber 111, the steel balls move towards the shot blasting operation opening 1111 and finally strike the metal surface, so that stains, rust stains and radioactive substance layers on the metal surface are peeled off, and the steel balls immediately rebound and change direction and enter the steel ball recovery channel 113 under the action of negative pressure.
After the high-pressure air source 17 is started, the impurities, dust and fragments in the sieving chamber 121 are blown to the upper region of the sieving chamber 121 through the blast hole A1213 blowing from bottom to top into the sieving chamber 121.
After the high-pressure air source 18 is started, air is blown into the steel ball injection channel 112 of the spray gun 11 through the three-way joint 123 and the steel ball inlet A1121, so that the steel ball outlet C1221 connected to the three-way joint 123 generates negative pressure, under the action of the negative pressure, the steel ball is discharged from the steel ball outlet C1221 of the recovery bin 122, then enters the air path pipeline, and then flows into the steel ball injection channel 112 of the spray gun 11 under the pushing of wind force.
After the negative pressure air extraction device 19 is started, negative pressure is generated in the upper cavity 1311 of the dust collection bin 131, the lower cavity 1312 of the dust collection bin 131, the upper area of the screening bin 121 and the steel ball recovery channel 113 of the spray gun 11 in sequence. Under the action of negative pressure, impurities, dust and fragments in the upper region of the screening bin enter the lower cavity 1312 of the dust collection bin 131, so that the impurities, dust and fragments are settled at the bottom of the lower cavity 1312 or are collected by the filter element 132.
In the method, the valves on the gas pipelines which are not involved are in a closed state, and the valves on the gas pipelines which are involved are in an open state.
The working principle of the metal compression packer is as follows:
after the metal particles enter the compression cavity of the box 41 through the feeding and discharging port at the upper end of the box 41, the overturning hydraulic cylinder 442 is started to drive the rotary plate 441 to rotate in the vertical plane around the fourth hinge 4411, so that the feeding and discharging port of the box 41 is closed on one hand, and the metal particles in the compression cavity of the box 41 are compressed in the height direction on the other hand.
Then, the X-direction hydraulic cylinder 421 is activated to drive the X-direction push plate 422 to move in a direction approaching the second wall 412, compress the metal scraps in the compression chamber in the horizontal X-direction (the moving direction of the X-direction push plate 422 is defined as X-direction), and stop moving when the X-direction push plate 422 moves to be flush with the side edge of the rectangular opening a.
Then, the Y-direction hydraulic cylinder 431 is activated to drive the Y-direction pushing plate 432 to move in a direction approaching the third wall 413, so that the metal particles in the compression chamber are compressed in the horizontal Y-direction (the moving direction of the Y-direction pushing plate 432 is defined as the Y-direction), and a rectangular block is formed after the metal particles are compressed.
Then, the X-direction hydraulic cylinder 421 and the Y-direction hydraulic cylinder 431 are started out of sequence, and the X-direction push plate 422 and the Y-direction push plate 432 are respectively driven to return to the original positions. Finally, the discharging hydraulic cylinder 453 is started, and the rotating shaft 451 drives the folded plate 452 to rotate, so that the folded plate 452 rotates from the deficiency state to the discharging state, and the compressed cuboid blocks are tilted and discharged from the compression cavity of the box body 41.
Brief description of the working process of the invention: the method for decontaminating the radioactive waste metal is applied to the system for decontaminating the radioactive waste metal, and can realize decontamination of the radioactive waste metal. Before performing the decontamination method, the decontamination system of the radioactive nuclear scrap metal is in an initial state in which:
a. the steel balls in the shot blasting decontamination device 1 are concentrated in the screening bin 121;
b. the feed and discharge port of the case 41 is opened;
c. the X-direction push plate 422 is flush with the rectangular opening B;
d. the Y-direction push plate 432 is flush with the rectangular opening A;
e. Flap 452 is in the anaplerotic state;
f. smelting furnace 532 is in operation;
g. the cart 542 is in the first position;
h. the inner funnel 552 interfaces with the outer funnel 551;
i. the belt conveyor A is in a conveying state;
j. the electric push rod B545 extends into the inner bore of the positioning sleeve 546.
The method for decontaminating the radioactive nuclear waste metal comprises the following steps:
s01, surface shot blasting:
a. cutting the nuclear waste metal with the inner wall surface by a metal cutting machine 2 to expose the inner wall surface so as to facilitate the subsequent surface shot blasting;
b. the operator remotely controls the industrial robot to operate to grip the gun and move the gun 11, to bring the peening opening 1111 of the gun 11 against and against the surface of the nuclear scrap metal, and then to activate the high pressure air source 17 and the negative pressure air extraction device 18. Under the combined action of the high-pressure air source 17 and the negative-pressure air extracting equipment 18, the steel balls circularly flow among the spray gun 111, the screening bin 121 and the recycling bin 122;
when the steel balls flow through the spray gun 11, the moving paths are a steel ball injection channel 112, a converging cavity 111 and a steel ball recovery channel 113 in sequence. After entering the converging cavity 111, the steel balls move towards the shot blasting operation opening 1111 and finally strike the metal surface, so that stains, rust stains and radioactive substance layers on the metal surface are peeled off, and the steel balls immediately rebound and change direction and enter the steel ball recovery channel 113 under the action of negative pressure;
After the high-pressure air source 17 is started, blowing air into the screening bin 121 from bottom to top through a blast orifice A1213 to blow impurities, dust and fragments in the screening bin 121 to the upper area of the screening bin 121;
after the high-pressure air source 18 is started, blowing air is carried out to the steel ball injection channel 112 of the spray gun 11 through the three-way joint 123 and the steel ball inlet A1121, so that the steel ball outlet C1221 connected to the three-way joint 123 generates negative pressure, under the action of the negative pressure, the steel ball is discharged from the steel ball outlet C1221 of the recovery bin 122, then enters the air channel, and then flows to the steel ball injection channel 112 of the spray gun 11 under the pushing of wind power;
after the negative pressure air extraction device 19 is started, negative pressure is generated in the upper cavity 1311 of the dust collection bin 131, the lower cavity 1312 of the dust collection bin 131, the upper area of the screening bin 121 and the steel ball recovery channel 113 of the spray gun 11 in sequence. Under the action of negative pressure, impurities, dust and fragments in the upper region of the screening bin enter the lower cavity 1312 of the dust collection bin 131, so that the impurities, dust and fragments are settled at the bottom of the lower cavity 1312 or are collected by the filter element 132.
In this step, the valves on the gas path pipes which are not involved are in a closed state, and the valves on the gas path pipes which are involved are in an open state.
S02, fragmenting:
the nuclear waste metal subjected to surface shot blasting is cut into a size meeting the feeding requirement of the metal shredder 3 by a metal cutter; the cut nuclear waste metal is put into a metal shredder 3 for shredding.
S03, compressing and packaging:
a. after the metal scraps formed by shredding treatment are transferred into the compression cavity of the box body 41, the overturning hydraulic cylinder 442 is started to drive the rotating plate 441 to rotate in a vertical plane around the fourth hinging position 4411, so that on one hand, the feeding and discharging openings of the box body 41 are closed, and on the other hand, the metal scraps in the compression cavity of the box body 41 are compressed in the height direction;
b. the X-direction hydraulic cylinder 421 is started to drive the X-direction push plate 422 to move towards the direction approaching the second wall 412, the metal crushed aggregates in the compression cavity are compressed horizontally in the X direction (the moving direction of the X-direction push plate 422 is defined as X direction), and when the X-direction push plate 422 moves to be level with the side edge of the rectangular opening A (the side edge is the side edge of the rectangular opening A relatively far away from the second wall 412), the movement is stopped;
c. the Y-direction hydraulic cylinder 431 is started to drive the Y-direction pushing plate 432 to move towards the direction close to the third wall 413, the metal particles in the compression cavity are compressed in the horizontal Y direction (the moving direction of the Y-direction pushing plate 432 is defined as Y direction), and a cuboid block is formed after the metal particles are compressed, and is called as a metal block in the following process;
d. the X-direction hydraulic cylinder 421 and the Y-direction hydraulic cylinder 431 are started out of sequence, and the X-direction push plates 422 and the Y-direction push plates 432 are respectively driven to return to the original positions;
e. The discharging hydraulic cylinder 453 is started, and the rotating shaft 451 drives the folded plate 452 to rotate, so that the folded plate 452 rotates from the deficiency state to the discharging state, and the compressed cuboid blocks are tilted and discharged from the compression cavity of the box body 41.
S04, feeding in a cold furnace:
a. feeding the metal block into the vertical lifter 52 through the material inlet 521, and driving the metal block to be discharged from the material outlet 522 to the outside of the vertical lifter 52 after the vertical lifter 52 lifts the metal block from the first-layer space to the second-layer space;
b. after being discharged from the material outlet 522, the metal blocks enter the conveyor belt A5722 through the feeding end A of the belt conveyor A, and move along with the conveyor belt A5722 to the discharging end A of the belt conveyor A;
c. after being discharged from a discharge end A of the belt conveyor A, the metal blocks enter a smelting cavity of the smelting furnace 532 through an inner funnel 552;
d. after the feeding is completed, the winch 5733 is started to pull the belt conveyor A to rotate upwards around the first hinge 57211, so that the belt conveyor A is converted from a conveying state to an avoiding state;
e. the hanging lugs at the upper end of the inner funnel 552 are hooked by the hanging hooks at the lower end of the traveling crane, and then the traveling crane is controlled to lift the inner funnel 552 upwards, so that the inner funnel 552 is completely separated from the outer funnel 551.
In the step, when the inner funnel is in butt joint with the outer funnel, the interval between the lower port of the inner funnel and the bottom surface of the smelting cavity of the smelting furnace is 0-5cm; the lower port of the inner funnel is provided with a disposable soft cushion which plays a role in buffering, and the bottom surface of the smelting cavity of the smelting furnace can be prevented from being injured by the metal block.
S05, metal smelting:
a. the electric push rod B545 is withdrawn from the inner hole of the positioning sleeve 546 to unlock the position of the trolley 542, and then the trolley 542 moves from the first position to the second position, so that the dust collecting port of the dust collecting cover 563 is opposite to the feeding port 5321 of the smelting furnace 532;
b. starting a heating function of the smelting furnace to smelt the metal blocks; in the smelting process, on one hand, the continuous operation of the negative pressure dust remover is ensured, volatile gas generated in smelting enters the negative pressure dust remover through the dust hood 563, radionuclide in the gas is trapped in a filter element of the negative pressure dust remover, and the filtered gas is discharged into the atmosphere through the negative pressure dust remover, and on the other hand, slag generated in smelting is manually cleaned in real time;
c. after smelting is completed, the trolley is driven to move from the second position to the third position, so that the rotating paths of the trolley 542 and the tilting platform 531 are staggered up and down;
d. The turning hydraulic cylinder 533 is controlled to act, so that the smelting liquid is discharged through the feeding port 5321 and the drainage groove 5322 in sequence and enters subsequent casting equipment to cast required parts.
In this step, during the smelting process, the height of the dust hood 563 from the feed opening 5321 is adjusted so as to observe the situation in the smelting furnace 532, and if the phenomenon of crust formation of the smelting liquid occurs, manual intervention is immediately performed to avoid the explosion furnace.
When the shot blasting decontamination device 1 is operated continuously for 4-10min, the steel ball decontamination process can be started to remove radionuclides stained on the surface of the steel ball. Before the cleaning process is performed, the shot peening apparatus 1 is in the following state:
1. the outer cylinder 141 rotates until the steel ball outlet D1411 faces obliquely upwards;
2. the electric control valve A on the steel ball falling port 1214 of the screening bin 121 is closed;
3. the electric control valve D on the steel ball outlet B1215 of the screening bin 121 is closed;
4. the electric control valve B on the slag discharging port 1415 of the steel ball cleaning machine 14 is closed;
5. the electric control valve C on the receiving hopper 1513 of the ball dispatcher 15 is opened.
The decontamination process is as follows:
s01, collecting steel balls into a screening bin:
an operator remotely controls the action of the industrial mechanical arm to grip the spray gun and move the spray gun 11, and the shot blasting operation opening 1111 is opposite to and propped against a plane, so that the shot blasting operation opening 1111 is closed; then the high-pressure air source 17 and the negative pressure air extraction device 18 are started, so that the steel balls are all converged into the screening bin 121 along the flow path from the recovery bin 122 to the spray gun 11 to the screening bin 121, and then the high-pressure air source 17 and the negative pressure air extraction device 18 are closed.
In this step, after the negative pressure air extraction device 18 is started, negative pressure is generated in the upper cavity 1311 of the dust collection bin 131, the lower cavity 1312 of the dust collection bin 131, the upper area of the screening bin 121, and the steel ball recovery channel 113 of the spray gun 11 in sequence.
In this step, after the high-pressure air source 18 is started, air is blown into the steel ball injection channel 112 of the spray gun 11 through the three-way joint 123 and the steel ball inlet A1121, so that the steel ball outlet C1221 connected to the three-way joint 123 generates negative pressure, under the action of the negative pressure, the steel ball is discharged from the steel ball outlet C1221 of the recovery bin 122, then enters the air channel, and then flows into the steel ball injection channel 112 of the spray gun 11 under the pushing of wind force.
In this step, when the steel ball flows through the spray gun 11, the moving path is a steel ball injection channel 112, a converging cavity 111, and a steel ball recovery channel 113 in sequence. After entering the converging chamber 111, the steel balls move towards the shot blasting operation opening 1111 and finally strike the metal surface, and when the steel balls strike the plane, the steel balls rebound and change direction immediately and enter the steel ball recovery passage 113 under the action of negative pressure.
In this step, the valves on the gas path pipes which are not involved are in a closed state, and the valves on the gas path pipes which are involved are in an open state.
S02, conveying the steel balls into a steel ball cleaning machine:
the electric control valve D on the steel ball outlet B1215 of the screening bin 121 is opened, so that the steel balls in the screening bin 121 enter the inner cavity of the inner cylinder 142 through the steel ball inlet D1414 on the outer cylinder 141.
In this step, since the screening bin 121 is located above the steel ball washer 14, the steel balls can naturally flow by their own weight.
In this step, the valves on the gas path pipes which are not involved are in a closed state, and the valves on the gas path pipes which are involved are in an open state.
S03, cleaning steel balls:
a. the dry ice particles are thrown into the dry ice storage chamber of the dry ice supply device 16 through the dry ice throwing port 162, and then the following three operations are simultaneously performed:
1. starting a motor 145 to drive the inner cylinder 142 to rotate circumferentially relative to the outer cylinder 141, so that steel balls in the inner cavity of the inner cylinder 142 roll sufficiently, on one hand, all surfaces of the steel balls have the opportunity of contacting dry ice particles, and on the other hand, small parts of radionuclides on the surfaces of the steel balls are stripped through mutual collision action among the steel balls, and fragments generated by collision enter the annular cavity 146 through the hollowed-out holes 1421 and are gathered at the lowest part of the annular cavity 146;
2. starting a high-pressure air source 17 to enable dry ice particles in the dry ice storage cavity to sequentially pass through a dry ice output port 163 of the dry ice supply device and a dry ice inlet 1412 of the outer cylinder 141 and enter the inner cavity of the inner cylinder 142; after entering the inner cavity of the inner cylinder 142, the dry ice particles directly impact on the surface of the steel ball, and most of the radionuclide on the surface of the steel ball is stripped through sublimation;
3. Starting the negative pressure air extraction equipment 18 to sequentially generate negative pressure in the upper cavity 1311 of the dust collection bin 131, the lower cavity 1312 of the dust collection bin 131 and the inner cavity of the inner cylinder 142; under the action of negative pressure, the gas containing the radionuclide in the inner cavity of the inner cylinder 142 sequentially passes through the waste gas outlet 1413 of the outer cylinder 141, the sand and dust inlet 1313 of the dust collection bin 131, the lower cavity 1312 of the dust collection bin 131, the filter element 132, the upper cavity 1311 of the dust collection bin 131 and the negative pressure air extraction device 18, and is discharged to the outside. In the process, when the gas flows through the filter element 132, the radionuclide is retained in the filter element 132, so that the gas finally discharged to the outside is ensured to be pollution-free;
b. after the steel balls are cleaned, the high-pressure air source 17, the negative pressure air extraction equipment 18 and the motor 145 are closed, and the electric control valve B on the slag discharge port 1415 of the outer cylinder 141 is opened, so that the chips in the annular cavity 146 are discharged.
In this step, the valves on the gas path pipes which are not involved are in a closed state, and the valves on the gas path pipes which are involved are in an open state.
In this step, the dry ice particles were cylindrical in shape, having a diameter of 3mm and a length of 5.5mm.
S04, conveying the steel balls into a recovery bin:
a. the electric push rod X144 acts to enable the outer cylinder 141 to rotate around the hinge joint of the outer cylinder 141 in a vertical plane, when the outer cylinder 141 rotates until the steel ball outlet D1414 faces obliquely downwards, the cover plate 1416 rotates under the dead weight immediately, and steel balls in the inner cavity of the inner cylinder 142 are discharged through the steel ball outlet D1414;
b. The steel balls are discharged and freely fall down, and enter the dispatch bin 151 through a steel ball inlet E1511;
c. the electric push rod Y153 is started to drive the collapsible bin 151 to rotate around the hinged position of the vertical plane, when the collapsible bin 151 rotates to the position that the steel ball outlet E1521 faces obliquely downwards, the negative pressure air extraction equipment 18 is started to enable negative pressure to be generated in the recovery bin 122 and the collapsible bin 151 in sequence, and under the action of the negative pressure, steel balls in the collapsible bin 151 pass through the steel ball outlet E1521 of the collapsible bin 151 and the steel ball collapsible opening 1223 of the recovery bin 122 in sequence and enter the recovery bin 122.
In this step, the valves on the gas path pipes which are not involved are in a closed state, and the valves on the gas path pipes which are involved are in an open state.
Claims (12)
1. The decontamination system for the radioactive nuclear waste metal is characterized in that: the method is used for decontaminating radioactive nuclear waste metals; the device comprises a shot blasting decontamination device and a metal smelting feeding assembly; the shot blasting decontamination device and the metal smelting feeding assembly are sequentially used in the process of decontaminating the radioactive nuclear waste metal;
the shot blasting decontamination device comprises a spray gun, a sand and dust separator, a sand and dust collector, a steel ball cleaning machine, a steel ball dispatcher, a dry ice supply device, a high-pressure air source and negative pressure air extraction equipment;
A converging cavity, a steel ball injection channel and a steel ball recovery channel are arranged in the spray gun; the front end of the steel ball injection channel and the front end of the steel ball recovery channel are respectively communicated to the rear end of the converging cavity, and a shot blasting operation opening, a steel ball inlet A and a steel ball outlet A are respectively formed on the spray gun by the front end of the converging cavity, the rear end of the steel ball injection channel and the rear end of the steel ball recovery channel;
the sand-dust separator comprises a screening bin, a recovery bin and a three-way joint which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the two sides of the upper end of the screening bin are respectively provided with a steel ball inlet B and a sand dust outlet, and the lower end of the screening bin is provided with a blast orifice A, a steel ball falling orifice and a steel ball outlet B; the steel ball inlet B is communicated with the steel ball outlet A of the spray gun through a gas path pipeline; an electric control valve A is arranged on the steel ball falling opening; an electric control valve D is arranged on the steel ball outlet B; the upper end of the recovery bin is provided with an opening which is opposite to the steel ball falling opening A of the screening bin, the lower end of the recovery bin is provided with a steel ball outlet C, and the side wall of the recovery bin is provided with a negative pressure exhaust port and a steel ball return opening; the three-way joint is provided with a first port, a second port and a third port, the first port is connected to a steel ball outlet C of the recovery bin, and the second port is communicated with a steel ball inlet A of the spray gun through a gas circuit pipeline;
the sand dust collector comprises a dust collection bin and a filter element arranged in the inner cavity of the dust collection bin; the filter element divides the inner cavity of the dust collection bin into an upper cavity and a lower cavity which are not communicated with each other, and a sand inlet communicated with the lower cavity and a filtered air outlet communicated with the upper cavity are arranged on the outer wall of the dust collection bin; the sand inlet is communicated with a sand outlet of the screening bin through a gas circuit pipeline;
The steel ball cleaning machine is internally provided with a cleaning cavity, and the exterior is provided with a steel ball outlet D, a dry ice inlet, an exhaust gas outlet and a steel ball inlet D which are communicated with the cleaning cavity;
the steel ball dispatcher comprises a dispatcher bin, a bracket B and a hydraulic cylinder Y; the upper end of the collapsible bin is provided with a steel ball inlet E, the lower end of the collapsible bin is provided with a steel ball outlet E, and the steel ball inlet E of the collapsible bin is positioned right below the steel ball outlet D of the outer cylinder; the lower end of the bracket B is fixedly arranged on the ground, and the upper end of the bracket B is hinged with the outer wall of the dispatch bin; the lower end of the hydraulic cylinder Y is hinged on the ground, the upper end of the hydraulic cylinder Y is hinged with the outer wall of the collapsible bin, and the hydraulic cylinder Y is used for driving the collapsible bin to rotate around the hinged position of the collapsible bin in a vertical plane so as to enable the steel ball outlet E to face obliquely upwards or obliquely downwards;
the inside of the dry ice supply device is provided with a dry ice storage cavity, and the outer wall of the dry ice supply device is provided with a high-pressure air inlet, a dry ice feeding port and a dry ice outlet which are communicated with the dry ice storage cavity; the dry ice outlet is communicated with a dry ice inlet of the steel ball cleaning machine through a gas path pipeline;
the high-pressure air source is used for outputting compressed air and is respectively communicated with the blast port A of the screening bin, the third port of the three-way joint and the high-pressure air inlet of the dry ice supply device through the air path pipeline;
The negative pressure air extraction equipment is used for providing negative pressure and is respectively communicated with the filtered air outlet of the dust collection bin and the negative pressure air outlet of the recovery bin through an air path pipeline;
the metal smelting feeding assembly comprises a main frame, a vertical lifting machine, a smelting furnace assembly, a trolley assembly, a feeding butt joint mechanism, a negative pressure dust removing mechanism and a material conveying mechanism;
the main frame is sequentially provided with a first-layer bottom plate and a second-layer bottom plate from bottom to top, a first-layer space is formed between the first-layer bottom plate and the second-layer bottom plate, the upper end of the second-layer bottom plate is provided with a second-layer space, and the second-layer bottom plate is provided with a communication port for communicating the first-layer space with the second-layer space;
the vertical hoisting machine is fixedly arranged on the main frame and is positioned between the first-layer space and the second-layer space; the vertical elevator comprises an elevator shaft, a lifting table, a traction driving device and a conveyor belt mechanism; the lower end of the elevator shaft is provided with a material inlet communicated with the first-layer space, and the upper end of the elevator shaft is provided with a material outlet communicated with the second-layer space; the lifting platform is arranged in the elevator shaft through the traction driving device and is driven by the traction driving device to do lifting motion in the vertical direction; the conveyor belt mechanism is arranged on the lifting platform, is provided with a conveyor belt, and synchronously moves up and down along with the lifting platform so as to move between an upper butt joint position and a lower butt joint position; when the conveyor belt mechanism is in the upper butt joint position, the conveyor belt is opposite to the material outlet so as to output materials, and when the conveyor belt mechanism is in the lower butt joint position, the conveyor belt is opposite to the material inlet so as to receive the materials;
The smelting furnace assembly comprises a tilting platform, a smelting furnace and a tilting hydraulic cylinder; the tipping platform is hinged at the communication port of the two layers of bottom plates and rotates around the hinge point in a vertical plane; the upper end of the outer wall of the smelting furnace is fixedly connected with a tipping platform, is positioned at the communication port of the two layers of bottom plates and is positioned between the first layer of space and the second layer of space; the overturning hydraulic cylinder is arranged between the one-layer bottom plate and the smelting furnace, the lower end of the overturning hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the one-layer bottom plate, the upper end of the overturning hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the lower surface of the overturning platform, and the overturning hydraulic cylinder is used for driving the overturning platform to rotate around the hinged position of the overturning platform so as to drive the smelting furnace to rotate, so that the smelting furnace is converted between a working state and a pouring state; the smelting furnace is in a vertical posture in a working state, and a feeding port is vertically upwards; the smelting furnace is in an inclined posture in a pouring state, and liquid in the smelting cavity can be poured out through the feeding port and the drainage groove;
the trolley assembly comprises a guide rail and a trolley; the two guide rails are arranged in parallel, fixedly mounted on the two layers of bottom plates and distributed on two sides of a feed port of the smelting furnace; two guide rails are arranged perpendicular to the drainage groove of the smelting furnace, wherein one guide rail is relatively close to the drainage groove, and the other guide rail is relatively far away from the drainage groove; the trolley comprises a trolley body and an electric wheel; the vehicle body is provided with a hollowed-out hole A and a hollowed-out hole B; the electric wheel is arranged at the lower end of the vehicle body; the trolley is movably arranged on the two guide rails through the electric wheels;
The feeding butt joint mechanism comprises an outer funnel, an inner funnel and a crane; the outer funnel is fixedly arranged in a hollowed hole A of the vehicle body and is in a horn shape with a big upper part and a small lower part; the inner funnel is in a horn shape with a big upper part and a small lower part, is matched with the inner hole of the outer funnel in shape, and is provided with a hanging lug for butt-joint hanging at the upper end; the traveling crane is arranged in the two layers of spaces and is used for controlling the movement of the inner funnel so as to enable the inner funnel to be in butt joint or separation with the outer funnel; when the inner funnel is in butt joint with the outer funnel, the lower port of the inner funnel stretches into a smelting cavity of the smelting furnace through a feeding port of the smelting furnace;
the negative pressure dust removing mechanism comprises a dust collecting cover and a negative pressure dust remover; the dust collecting cover is arranged on the trolley and is positioned in the hollowed-out hole B of the trolley, an air passage is arranged in the dust collecting cover, a dust collecting port and a dust discharging port are respectively formed at two ends of the air passage on the dust collecting cover, and the dust discharging port and the dust collecting port are respectively positioned at the upper end and the lower end of the hollowed-out hole B; an air inlet and an air outlet are arranged on the negative pressure dust remover, a filter element is arranged in the negative pressure dust remover, and the air inlet of the negative pressure dust remover is connected with a dust outlet of the dust collection cover through an air passage pipeline;
the material conveying mechanism comprises a support, a belt conveyor A and an upper traction assembly; the support is fixedly arranged in the two-layer space; the belt conveyor A comprises a frame body A and a conveying belt A arranged on the frame body A; the two ends of the belt conveyor A along the conveying direction of the conveying belt A are respectively provided with a feeding end A and a discharging end A; the frame body A is sequentially provided with a first hinge position, a second hinge position and a third hinge position from one end to the other end, the frame body A is hinged on the support through the first hinge position, and a rotating path of the belt conveyor A around the first hinge position is positioned in a vertical plane; the upper traction component comprises a connecting frame, a steel cable and a winch; the lower end of the connecting frame is hinged to a third hinge part of the frame body A; the lower end of the steel cable is connected with the upper end of the connecting frame, and the upper end of the steel cable is wound on the winch; the winch is fixedly arranged on the support, the winch drives the belt conveyor A to rotate around the first hinging position through the winding and unwinding steel cable, so that the belt conveyor A is switched between a conveying state and an avoiding state, a feeding end A of the belt conveyor A is adjacent to and opposite to a material outlet of the vertical elevator in the conveying state, and a discharging end A is positioned right above a material inlet of the smelting furnace, so that conveying of materials is realized; in the avoiding state, the belt conveyor A avoids a lifting moving path of the inner hopper, a overturning path of the smelting furnace and an overturning path of the overturning platform;
The trolley is sequentially provided with a first position, a second position and a third position along the moving path of the guide rail; when the trolley is in the first position, the lower port of the outer funnel is opposite to the charging port of the smelting furnace in a working state up and down; when the trolley is positioned at the second position, the dust collecting opening of the dust collecting cover is opposite to the feeding opening of the smelting furnace in the working state vertically; when the trolley is in the third position, the rotating paths of the trolley and the tipping platform are staggered up and down; the outer funnel and the inner funnel may be docked or undocked only when the trolley is in the first position.
2. The decontamination system of radionuclear waste metal of claim 1, wherein: the steel ball cleaning machine comprises an outer cylinder body, an inner cylinder body, a bracket A, a hydraulic cylinder X and a motor; one end of the outer cylinder body is provided with a steel ball outlet D, a dry ice inlet, an exhaust gas outlet and a steel ball inlet D, the center and the lower edge of the other end are respectively provided with a crankshaft perforation and a slag discharging port, and the slag discharging port is provided with an electric control valve B; the outer cylinder body is rotationally connected with a cover plate on the steel ball outlet D, and the cover plate is rotated to open or close the steel ball outlet D; the waste gas outlet of the outer cylinder body is communicated with the sand inlet of the dust collection bin through a gas path pipeline; the steel ball inlet D of the outer cylinder body is connected with the steel ball outlet B of the screening bin through a pipeline; one end of the inner cylinder body is provided with an opening, the other end of the inner cylinder body is provided with an end plate, a cleaning cavity is arranged in the inner cylinder body, and the outer circular surface of the inner cylinder body is provided with a hollowed-out hole; the inner cylinder body is rotatably arranged in the outer cylinder body, an annular cavity is formed between the inner cylinder body and the outer cylinder body, and the opening of the inner cylinder body is opposite to and is close to a steel ball outlet D, a dry ice inlet, an exhaust gas outlet and a steel ball inlet D of the outer cylinder body; the lower end of the bracket A is arranged on the ground, and the upper end of the bracket A is hinged with the outer wall of the outer cylinder; the lower end of the hydraulic cylinder X is hinged on the ground, the upper end of the hydraulic cylinder X is hinged with the outer wall of the outer cylinder, and the hydraulic cylinder X is used for driving the outer cylinder to rotate around the hinged part of the outer cylinder to do a vertical plane, so that the steel ball outlet D faces obliquely upwards or obliquely downwards; when the steel ball outlet D faces obliquely upwards, the cover plate is attached to the steel ball outlet D to close the steel ball outlet D, and when the steel ball outlet D faces obliquely downwards, the cover plate is separated from the steel ball outlet D to open the steel ball outlet D; the motor is fixedly arranged on one side end face of the outer part of the outer cylinder body, the shaft of the motor extends into the inner part of the outer cylinder body through the shaft perforation and is fixedly connected with the end plate of the inner cylinder body, and the shaft of the motor rotates to drive the inner cylinder body to do circumferential rotation relative to the outer cylinder body.
3. The decontamination system of radionuclear waste metal of claim 2, wherein: the metal cutting machine, the metal shredder and the metal compression packer are also included; the metal shredder, the metal compression packer and the metal smelting feeding assembly are sequentially used in the process of decontaminating the radioactive nuclear waste metal; the shot blasting decontamination device and the metal cutting machine are used continuously in the nuclear waste metal decontamination process; the use of the shot peening apparatus and the metal cutting machine are both arranged prior to the use of the metal shredder.
4. A system for decontaminating radionuclear waste metals as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the device also comprises a belt conveyor B, a belt conveyor C and a belt conveyor D; the belt conveyor B is arranged between the metal cutting machine and the metal shredder and is used for conveying the materials processed by the metal cutting machine to the metal shredder; the belt conveyor C is arranged between the metal shredder and the metal baling press and is used for conveying the material processed by the metal shredder to the metal baling press; the belt conveyor D is arranged between the material inlet and the material outlet of the metal compression packer and the material inlet of the vertical lifter and is used for conveying the material processed by the metal compression packer into the vertical lifter.
5. The decontamination system of radionuclear waste metal as defined in claim 3 or 4, wherein: the metal compression packer comprises a box body, an X-direction propelling component, a Y-direction propelling component, a top overturning component and a discharging control component;
the box body is in a hollow cuboid shape, a compression cavity is arranged in the box body, a feeding and discharging port communicated with the compression cavity is arranged at the upper end of the box body, four side walls of the box body are respectively named as a first wall, a second wall, a third wall and a fourth wall according to clockwise, a rectangular opening A communicated with the compression cavity is arranged at the lower end of the first wall, which is close to the second wall, a rectangular opening B communicated with the compression cavity is arranged at the lower end of the fourth wall, a corner notch is arranged between the lower end of the third wall and the bottom wall of the box body, the corner notch is formed by communicating a rectangular opening C arranged on the third wall and a rectangular opening D arranged on the bottom wall of the box body, and the rectangular opening C is opposite to the rectangular opening A;
the X-direction propelling component comprises an X-direction hydraulic cylinder and an X-direction push plate connected to the end of a piston rod of the X-direction hydraulic cylinder; the cylinder body of the X-direction hydraulic cylinder is fixedly arranged on the fourth wall of the box body and is positioned outside the compression cavity; the X-direction push plate is driven by the X-direction hydraulic cylinder to horizontally reciprocate and linearly move so as to be converted between being flush with the rectangular opening B and extending into the compression cavity, and the moving direction of the X-direction push plate is vertical to the second wall;
The Y-direction propelling component comprises a Y-direction hydraulic cylinder and a Y-direction push plate connected to the end of a piston rod of the Y-direction hydraulic cylinder; the cylinder body of the Y-direction hydraulic cylinder is fixedly arranged on the first wall of the box body and is positioned outside the compression cavity; the Y-direction push plate is driven by the Y-direction hydraulic cylinder to horizontally reciprocate and linearly move so as to be converted between being flush with the rectangular opening A and extending into the compression cavity, and the moving direction of the Y-direction push plate is parallel to the second wall;
the top overturning assembly comprises a rotating plate and an overturning hydraulic cylinder; one end of the rotating plate is provided with a fourth hinging part, and the middle part of the rotating plate is provided with a fifth hinging part; the cylinder body of the overturning hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the upper end of the fourth wall, the end head of a piston rod of the overturning hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the fifth hinged position of the rotating plate, and the piston rod of the overturning hydraulic cylinder stretches to drive the rotating plate to rotate in a vertical plane around the fourth hinged position, so that a feed inlet and a feed outlet of the box body are closed or opened;
the discharging control assembly comprises a rotating shaft, a folded plate and a discharging hydraulic cylinder; the rotating shaft is horizontally arranged and movably arranged at the upper end of the third wall and is parallel to the third wall, one end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected with the upper end of the plate A, and the other end of the rotating shaft is hinged with the end head of a piston rod of the discharging hydraulic cylinder; the folded plate consists of a plate A and a plate B which are mutually perpendicular and are connected at the side edges, and the folded plate is arranged at the corner notch and is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft at the upper end of the plate A; the cylinder body of the discharging hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the lower end of the second wall, and a piston rod of the discharging hydraulic cylinder stretches and contracts to drive the rotating shaft to rotate, so that the folded plate is driven to rotate around the rotating shaft, and the folded plate is converted between the supplementing state and the discharging state; when the folded plate is in the deficiency state, the surface of the plate A in the compression cavity is flush with the surface of the third wall in the compression cavity, and the surface of the plate B in the compression cavity is flush with the surface of the bottom wall of the box body in the compression cavity; when the folded plate is in a discharging state, the plate A inclines to the outer side of the compression cavity, and the plate B inclines to the upper end of the compression cavity.
6. The radionuclear waste metal decontamination system of claim 5, wherein: the trolley assembly further comprises a universal ball seat and a steel ball, the lower end of the universal ball seat is fixedly arranged on the two-layer bottom plate or the tipping platform and is positioned at the outer side of one guide rail relatively close to the drainage groove, a spherical pit for accommodating the steel ball is formed in the upper end of the universal ball seat, and the steel ball is movably arranged in the spherical pit of the universal ball seat; the number of the universal ball seats is multiple, and all the universal ball seats are arranged at intervals and are arranged side by side to form a row parallel to the guide rail; when the trolley moves to any position along the guide rail, at least one steel ball on the universal ball seat is contacted with the lower surface of the trolley body; correspondingly, the trolley body of the trolley is a rectangular frame with four vertex angles, the electric wheels are only arranged at the three vertex angles at the lower end of the trolley body, and the electric wheels are not arranged at the lower end of one vertex angle of the trolley body, which is relatively close to the drainage groove.
7. The radionuclear waste metal decontamination system of claim 6, wherein: the trolley assembly also comprises an electric push rod B and a positioning sleeve; the electric push rod B is fixedly connected to one end of the trolley body and performs lifting movement in the vertical direction; the positioning sleeve is fixedly arranged on the tipping platform and is positioned at the lower end of the electric push rod B; when the trolley is at the first position, the electric push rod B is opposite to the positioning sleeve up and down, and the electric push rod B stretches into the inner hole of the positioning sleeve to lock the position of the trolley.
8. The radionuclear waste metal decontamination system of claim 7, wherein: when the inner funnel is in butt joint with the outer funnel, the interval between the lower port of the inner funnel and the bottom surface of the smelting cavity of the smelting furnace is 0-5cm; a disposable soft pad is arranged in the lower port of the inner funnel.
9. The radionuclear waste metal decontamination system of claim 8, wherein: the material conveying mechanism further comprises a lower supporting part; the lower supporting part is arranged between the two layers of bottom plates and the frame body A, the upper end of the lower supporting part is hinged with the second hinge part of the frame body A, and the lower end of the lower supporting part is suspended and always keeps vertical along with the rotation of the belt conveyor A; when the belt conveyor a is in the conveying state, the lower end of the lower supporting member abuts against the two-layer bottom plate, thereby providing support for the belt conveyor a.
10. The radionuclear waste metal decontamination system of claim 9, wherein: the vertical elevator comprises an elevator shaft, a lifting table, a traction driving device and a conveyor belt mechanism; the lower end of the elevator shaft is provided with a material inlet communicated with the first-layer space, and the upper end of the elevator shaft is provided with a material outlet communicated with the second-layer space; the lifting platform is arranged in the elevator shaft through the traction driving device and is driven by the traction driving device to do lifting motion in the vertical direction; the conveyor belt mechanism is arranged on the lifting platform, is provided with a conveyor belt, and synchronously moves up and down along with the lifting platform so as to move between an upper butt joint position and a lower butt joint position; when the conveyor belt mechanism is in the upper butt joint position, the conveyor belt is opposite to the material outlet so as to output materials, and when the conveyor belt mechanism is in the lower butt joint position, the conveyor belt is opposite to the material inlet so as to receive the materials.
11. The radionuclear waste metal decontamination system of claim 10, wherein: the steel ball outlet D of the steel ball cleaning machine is semicircular and is arranged close to the lower end edge of the end face of the outer cylinder; correspondingly, the cover plate presents a semicircular shape which is matched with the shape of the steel ball outlet D; correspondingly, the dry ice inlet, the waste gas outlet and the steel ball inlet D are all positioned at the upper end of the end face of the outer cylinder body.
12. The radionuclear waste metal decontamination system of claim 11, wherein: it also includes an industrial robot for grasping the lance and controlling the lance movement.
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| CN114155987B (en) * | 2021-11-27 | 2024-04-19 | 南华大学 | Method for decontaminating radionuclides waste metals |
| CN115331861A (en) * | 2022-07-15 | 2022-11-11 | 中核环保工程设计研究有限公司 | Decontamination smelting recycling method for radioactive waste metal |
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