CN114084608A - Radionuclide scrap metal smelting and feeding assembly - Google Patents

Radionuclide scrap metal smelting and feeding assembly Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114084608A
CN114084608A CN202111427760.7A CN202111427760A CN114084608A CN 114084608 A CN114084608 A CN 114084608A CN 202111427760 A CN202111427760 A CN 202111427760A CN 114084608 A CN114084608 A CN 114084608A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
trolley
smelting furnace
smelting
belt conveyor
funnel
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Pending
Application number
CN202111427760.7A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
钟林
招观荣
黄灿裕
左喆文
雷洁珩
雷泽勇
邓健
雷林
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University of South China
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University of South China
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Publication date
Application filed by University of South China filed Critical University of South China
Priority to CN202111427760.7A priority Critical patent/CN114084608A/en
Publication of CN114084608A publication Critical patent/CN114084608A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G37/00—Combinations of mechanical conveyors of the same kind, or of different kinds, of interest apart from their application in particular machines or use in particular manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G35/00—Mechanical conveyors not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G69/00—Auxiliary measures taken, or devices used, in connection with loading or unloading
    • B65G69/18—Preventing escape of dust
    • B65G69/185—Preventing escape of dust by means of non-sealed systems
    • B65G69/186—Preventing escape of dust by means of non-sealed systems with aspiration means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/12—Travelling or movable supports or containers for the charge
    • F27D3/123—Furnace cars
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/28—Treating solids
    • G21F9/30—Processing
    • G21F9/308—Processing by melting the waste
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/28—Treating solids
    • G21F9/34—Disposal of solid waste

Abstract

The radioactive nuclear waste metal smelting and feeding assembly comprises a main frame, a vertical elevator, a smelting furnace component, a trolley component, a feeding butt joint mechanism, a negative pressure dust removal mechanism and a material conveying mechanism; the main frame is sequentially provided with a first layer of bottom plate and a second layer of bottom plate from bottom to top; the vertical elevator is positioned between the first-layer space and the second-layer space; the smelting furnace component comprises a tilting platform, a smelting furnace and a tilting hydraulic cylinder; the trolley assembly comprises a guide rail and a trolley; the feeding butt joint mechanism comprises an outer funnel, an inner funnel and a traveling crane; the negative pressure dust removing mechanism comprises an electric push rod A, a connecting frame, a dust collecting cover and a negative pressure dust remover; the material conveying mechanism comprises a support, a belt conveyor A, a lower jacking component and an upper traction component. The invention is applied to the radioactive decontamination process of the nuclear waste metal, improves the automation degree of the smelting process, and can greatly avoid the nuclear radiation of operators.

Description

Radionuclide scrap metal smelting and feeding assembly
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear waste metal treatment, in particular to a radioactive nuclear waste metal smelting and feeding assembly.
Background
Nuclear power plants produce large quantities of nuclear waste metal, including waste equipment, piping, structural components, etc., during operation. According to statistics, the nuclear waste metal generated by a single million kilowatt unit in one year is about 4t-5 t. By 12 months in 2020, 18 nuclear power plants which have been operated in China, 48 reactors in total, and the mass of the accumulated generated nuclear waste metal is about 10000 t. The nuclear waste metals are unknown, are stored in a nuclear power plant at present in a centralized manner, not only have radiation risks and cross contamination risks, but also are difficult to collect due to different sizes and specifications, so that the stock pressure of the nuclear power plant is increased.
The concept of "minimization of radioactive waste" was first proposed by the international atomic energy agency in the technical document "minimization and separation of radioactive waste", published in 1992. The 'minimization of the radioactive waste' is to reduce the quantity and activity of the radioactive waste to a reasonable level, and the implementation means comprises the steps of reducing the generation of radioactive sources, preventing nuclear pollution diffusion, recycling and reusing nuclear waste, optimizing the management of the nuclear waste and the like, so that the aims of reducing the adverse effect of the nuclear waste on the environment and reducing the disposal cost of the nuclear waste are fulfilled.
Radioactive decontamination of nuclear waste metals is a feasible idea to satisfy "minimization of radioactive waste", which helps to reduce the amount of radioactive waste on the one hand, to realize recycling of the radioactive waste on the other hand, and to reduce the storage amount and storage cost of the radioactive waste on the other hand.
The specific radioactive decontamination process comprises two steps of surface shot blasting decontamination and smelting decontamination. The surface shot blasting decontamination can effectively strip stains, rusts and radioactive substance layers on the surface of the nuclear waste metal, and the radioactive decontamination effect is achieved. Smelting decontamination can release the radionuclide remained in the nuclear waste metal, high temperature can directly change part of volatile radionuclide into aerosol to volatilize, and the other part of radionuclide can be deposited in slag generated in smelting, so that gas volatilized in the smelting process and generated slag are collected, and the effect of radioactive decontamination is achieved.
However, the existing smelting system is not suitable for radioactive decontamination process of nuclear waste metal, and the reasons for the radioactive decontamination process are mainly shown in the following points: 1. the feeding process is manual feeding, and has radioactive damage to operators on the premise that the metal to be smelted is nuclear waste metal, and the labor intensity is high; 2. the nuclear waste metal can generate aerosol containing radioactivity in the smelting process, and the volatilization of the aerosol can generate inhalation damage to the respiratory system of operators; 3. in the charging process of the hot furnace, molten steel may splash from a charging port of the smelting furnace, so that potential safety hazards exist. In summary, in the radioactive decontamination process of the nuclear waste metal, the problem that the automation degree of the smelting process is improved so as to reduce the labor intensity of the operators and avoid the operators from contacting the nuclear radiation as much as possible is required to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a radioactive nuclear waste metal smelting and feeding assembly which is applied to a smelting process of radioactive decontamination of nuclear waste metal, improves the automation degree of the smelting process and can greatly avoid operators from being subjected to nuclear radiation.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the radioactive nuclear waste metal smelting and feeding assembly comprises a main frame, a vertical elevator, a smelting furnace component, a trolley component, a feeding butt joint mechanism, a negative pressure dust removal mechanism and a material conveying mechanism;
the main frame is sequentially provided with a first layer bottom plate and a second layer bottom plate from bottom to top, a first layer space is formed between the first layer bottom plate and the second layer bottom plate, a second layer space is formed at the upper end of the second layer bottom plate, and a communication port for communicating the first layer space with the second layer space is formed in the second layer bottom plate;
the vertical elevator is fixedly arranged on the main frame and positioned between the first-layer space and the second-layer space, the lower end of the vertical elevator is provided with a material inlet communicated to the first-layer space, and the upper end of the vertical elevator is provided with a material outlet communicated to the second-layer space;
the smelting furnace component comprises a tilting platform, a smelting furnace and a tilting hydraulic cylinder; the tipping platform is hinged at the communication port of the second floor bottom plate and rotates around the hinge position to a vertical plane; a smelting cavity is arranged in the smelting furnace, a feed opening communicated to the smelting cavity and a drainage groove communicated to the feed opening are formed in the upper end of the smelting furnace, the upper end of the outer wall of the smelting furnace is fixedly connected with the tilting platform, and the smelting furnace is positioned at a communication opening of the second floor and between the first floor space and the second floor space; the turnover hydraulic cylinder is arranged between the first floor and the smelting furnace, the lower end of the turnover hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the first floor, the upper end of the turnover hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the lower surface of the tipping platform, and the turnover hydraulic cylinder is used for driving the tipping platform to rotate around the hinged position of the tipping platform so as to drive the smelting furnace to rotate and enable the smelting furnace to be switched between a working state and a material pouring state; the smelting furnace is in a vertical posture in a working state, and a feeding port is vertically upward; the smelting furnace is in an inclined posture in a material pouring state, and liquid in the smelting cavity can be poured out through the feeding port and the drainage groove;
the trolley assembly comprises a guide rail and a trolley; the number of the guide rails is two, and the two guide rails are arranged in parallel and fixedly arranged on the second-layer bottom plate and are distributed on two sides of a feed opening of the smelting furnace; the two guide rails are arranged perpendicular to the drainage groove of the smelting furnace, one guide rail is relatively close to the drainage groove, and the other guide rail is relatively far away from the drainage groove; the trolley comprises a trolley body and electric wheels; the vehicle body is provided with a hollow hole A and a hollow hole B; the electric wheel is arranged at the lower end of the vehicle body; the trolley is movably arranged on the two guide rails through electric wheels;
the feeding butt joint mechanism comprises an outer funnel, an inner funnel and a traveling crane; the outer funnel is fixedly arranged in a hollow hole A of the vehicle body and is in a horn mouth shape with a large upper part and a small lower part; the inner funnel is in a horn mouth shape with a large upper part and a small lower part, the inner funnel is matched with the inner hole of the outer funnel in shape, and the upper end of the inner funnel is provided with a hanging lug for butting and hanging; the travelling crane is arranged in the second-layer space and used for controlling the inner funnel to move so as to enable the inner funnel to be butted with or separated from the outer funnel; when the inner funnel is butted with the outer funnel, the lower port of the inner funnel extends into a smelting cavity of a smelting furnace through a feeding port of the smelting furnace;
the negative pressure dust removing mechanism comprises a dust collecting cover and a negative pressure dust remover; the dust hood is arranged on the trolley and is positioned in the hollow hole B of the trolley; the dust hood is internally provided with an air passage channel, the air passage channel forms a dust collecting port and a dust discharging port at two ends of the dust hood respectively, the dust hood is positioned in the hollow hole B of the trolley, and the dust discharging port and the dust collecting port on the dust hood are positioned at the upper end and the lower end of the hollow hole B respectively; the negative pressure dust remover is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, a filter element is arranged in the negative pressure dust remover, and the air inlet of the negative pressure dust remover is connected with a dust exhaust port of the dust hood through an air pipe;
the material conveying mechanism comprises a support, a belt conveyor A and an upper traction assembly; the support is fixedly arranged in the second-layer space; the belt conveyor A is hinged on the support and rotates around a vertical plane of the hinged seat, so that the belt conveyor A is switched between a conveying state and an avoiding state; the vertical elevator is used for lifting materials discharged by the vertical elevator into the smelting furnace in a conveying state, and avoids a lifting moving path of the inner hopper, a turning path of the smelting furnace and a turning path of the tipping platform in an avoiding state; the upper traction assembly is associated with the belt conveyor A to drive the belt conveyor A to rotate around the hinged part of the belt conveyor A;
the trolley is sequentially provided with a first position, a second position and a third position along the moving path of the guide rail; when the trolley is positioned at the first position, the lower port of the outer funnel is vertically opposite to the feed inlet of the smelting furnace in a working state; when the trolley is positioned at the second position, the lower port of the dust collection cover is vertically opposite to the feed inlet of the smelting furnace in a working state; when the trolley is at the third position, the rotation paths of the trolley and the tipping platform are staggered up and down; the outer funnel and the inner funnel may be docked or undocked only when the cart is in the first position.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the material conveying mechanism also comprises a lower supporting part; the lower supporting part is arranged between the second-layer bottom plate and the frame body A, the upper end of the lower supporting part is hinged with the second hinge joint of the frame body A, the lower end of the lower supporting part is suspended, and the lower supporting part is always vertical along with the rotation of the belt conveyor A; when the belt conveyor a is in a conveying state, the lower end of the lower support member abuts against the two-layer bottom plate, thereby providing support for the belt conveyor a.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that: the belt conveyor A comprises a frame body A and a conveying belt A arranged on the frame body A; the two ends of the belt conveyor A along the conveying direction of the conveying belt A are respectively provided with a feeding end A and a discharging end A; the frame body A is sequentially provided with a first hinge joint, a second hinge joint and a third hinge joint from one end to the other end, the frame body A is hinged and installed on the support through the first hinge joint, and the rotating path of the belt conveyor A around the first hinge joint is positioned in a vertical plane; the upper traction assembly comprises a connecting frame, a steel cable and a winch; the lower end of the connecting frame is hinged on a third hinge joint of the frame body A; the lower end of the steel cable is connected with the upper end of the connecting frame, and the upper end of the steel cable is wound on the winch; the winch is fixedly arranged on the support, the winch drives the belt conveyor A to rotate around the first hinge joint through winding and unwinding a steel cable, so that the belt conveyor A is switched between a conveying state and an avoiding state, the feeding end A of the belt conveyor A is close to and right opposite to a material outlet of the vertical elevator in the conveying state, and the discharging end A is positioned right above a feeding port of the smelting furnace, so that the conveying of materials is realized; and the belt conveyor A avoids a lifting moving path of the inner hopper, a turning path of the smelting furnace and a turning path of the tipping platform in an avoiding state.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the trolley assembly further comprises a universal ball seat and a steel ball, the lower end of the universal ball seat is fixedly arranged on the second floor or the tipping platform and is positioned on the outer side of a guide rail relatively close to the drainage groove, a spherical pit for containing the steel ball is formed in the upper end of the universal ball seat, and the steel ball is movably arranged in the spherical pit of the universal ball seat; the universal ball seats are arranged at intervals and are arranged in a row parallel to the guide rail; when the trolley moves to any position along the guide rail, at least one steel ball on the universal ball seat is contacted with the lower surface of the trolley body; correspondingly, the trolley body is a rectangular frame with four top corners, the electric wheels are only arranged at the three top corners of the lower end of the trolley body, and the electric wheels are not arranged at the lower end of one top corner of the trolley body, which is relatively close to the drainage groove.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the trolley component also comprises an electric push rod B and a positioning sleeve; the electric push rod B is fixedly connected to one end of the trolley body and does lifting movement in the vertical direction; the positioning sleeve is fixedly arranged on the tilting platform and is positioned at the lower end of the electric push rod B; when the trolley is located at the first position, the electric push rod B is opposite to the positioning sleeve up and down, and the electric push rod B extends into the inner hole of the positioning sleeve to lock the position of the trolley.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: when the inner funnel is butted with the outer funnel, the distance between the lower port of the inner funnel and the bottom surface of a smelting cavity of the smelting furnace is 0-5 cm; the lower end of the inner funnel is provided with a disposable soft cushion, and the dissolving temperature of the soft cushion is between 200 ℃ and 500 ℃.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that: the negative pressure dust removal mechanism also comprises an electric push rod A and a connecting frame; the electric push rod A is fixedly arranged on the trolley body and is fixedly connected with the dust hood through the connecting frame so as to drive the dust hood to vertically lift and move.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the vertical elevator comprises an elevator shaft, a lifting platform, a traction driving device and a conveyor belt mechanism; the lower end of the elevator shaft is provided with a material inlet communicated to the first-layer space, and the upper end of the elevator shaft is provided with a material outlet communicated to the second-layer space; the lifting platform is arranged in the elevator shaft through a traction driving device and is driven by the traction driving device to do lifting motion in the vertical direction; the conveying belt mechanism is arranged on the lifting platform, is provided with a conveying belt, and synchronously performs lifting movement along with the lifting platform so as to move between an upper butt joint position and a lower butt joint position; when the conveyor belt mechanism is located at the upper butt joint position, the conveyor belt is over against the material outlet to output the material, and when the conveyor belt mechanism is located at the lower butt joint position, the conveyor belt is over against the material inlet to receive the material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the method is applied to the smelting step of the radioactive decontamination process of the nuclear waste metal, improves the automation degree of the metal smelting and feeding process, can avoid the nuclear radiation of operators to a greater extent, and provides necessary support for recycling the nuclear waste metal;
the nuclear waste metal is mostly collected in nuclear power plants or nuclear industry enterprises, except that a small portion of the metal (e.g., the metal inside the reactor core) is radioactive contaminated as a whole, and most of the metal is radioactive contaminated only at the surface. The radioactive decontamination process of the nuclear waste metal comprises two steps of shot blasting and smelting. The radioactive dose in the nuclear waste metal can be greatly reduced (the radioactive dose can be reduced to meet the requirements of civil steel), and the smelting liquid can be cast into different products according to the actual application requirements, so that the nuclear waste metal is changed into valuable, the recycling of the nuclear waste metal is realized, and the requirement of minimizing the radioactive waste is fully met.
2. The automatic anti-interference device has very high automation degree, the whole process of feeding, smelting and pouring basically does not need manual intervention, and a plurality of anti-interference structures (avoidance structures) are designed in a targeted manner according to the sequence and relative position relation of each part in the action process while the action requirements of each part are met;
a. in order to avoid interference with a furnace mouth (a drainage groove is formed in the furnace mouth) of a smelting furnace in the moving process of the trolley, on one hand, electric wheels which are relatively close to the lower ends of the top corners of the furnace mouth are removed (namely, the electric wheels are only arranged at the three top corners of the lower end of the trolley), and on the other hand, the trolley is supported in an auxiliary manner through universal ball seats and steel balls arranged on the two layers of bottom plates, so that the stability of the trolley in the moving process is ensured;
b. in order to avoid interference between the inner funnel and the belt conveyor A in the butt joint or separation process, on one hand, a hinge structure capable of rotating integrally is designed for the belt conveyor A, on the other hand, the upper drawing assembly provides rotating power for the belt conveyor A, and stability and reliability of the belt conveyor A in the rotating process are guaranteed.
3. The system has good reliability, fully considers various adverse factors existing in the working state of the system, and designs various structures which are beneficial to improving the reliability in a targeted manner;
a. in order to ensure that the trolley can be accurately aligned with a feeding port of a smelting furnace when in a first position and cannot shake or slide due to impact of materials, a locking structure in a specific state is designed for the trolley, namely, an electric push rod B is arranged at one end of the trolley, a positioning sleeve is arranged at the corresponding position of a tipping platform, when the trolley is positioned at the first position, the electric push rod B is vertically opposite to the positioning sleeve, and the electric push rod B extends into an inner hole of the positioning sleeve to lock the position of the trolley;
b. in order to avoid that the bottom surface of a smelting cavity of the smelting furnace is injured by materials when the materials are fed into a cold furnace, on one hand, a disposable soft cushion is arranged at the lower end opening of the inner funnel, and on the other hand, the distance between the lower end opening of the inner funnel and the bottom surface of the smelting cavity is only 0-5cm in a butt joint state; the material feeding device can play a good role in buffering when the material is fed into the cold furnace, and the bottom surface of a smelting cavity of the smelting furnace is prevented from being damaged by smashing;
c. in order to facilitate observation of the condition inside the smelting furnace at any time (through a feed inlet) in the smelting process, the dust hood is designed into a structure mode with adjustable height.
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and examples.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a state diagram of the smelting charging process at the completion of step e of step S01;
FIG. 3 is a state diagram of the melt charging method at the completion of substep A of step S02;
FIG. 4 is a state diagram of the melt charging method at the completion of substep D of step S02;
fig. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion a of fig. 2.
Description of the drawings: the vertical lift is only shown in fig. 1 and is not shown in fig. 2-4.
Illustration of the drawings: a floor 11; a two-layer base plate 12; a communication port 13; a vertical lifter 2; a material inlet 21; a material outlet 22; a tilting platform 31; a melting furnace 32; a feeding port 321; a drainage groove 322; a roll-over hydraulic cylinder 33; a guide rail 41; a trolley 42; a universal ball seat 43; a steel ball 44; an electric push rod B45; a positioning sleeve 46; an outer funnel 51; an inner funnel 52; a hanging lug 521; an electric push rod A61; a connecting frame 62; a dust collection cover 63; a support 71; a frame body A721; a first hinge 7211; a second hinge 7212; a third hinge 7213; a conveyor belt A722; a connection frame 731; a cable 732; a hoist 733; a lower support member 74.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1-5, the radioactive nuclear waste metal smelting and feeding assembly comprises a main frame, a vertical elevator 2, a smelting furnace component, a trolley component, a feeding butt joint mechanism, a negative pressure dust removal mechanism and a material conveying mechanism.
The main frame is sequentially provided with a first layer bottom plate 11 and a second layer bottom plate 12 from bottom to top, a first layer space is arranged between the first layer bottom plate 11 and the second layer bottom plate 12, a second layer space is arranged at the upper end of the second layer bottom plate 12, and a communication port 13 for communicating the first layer space with the second layer space is arranged on the second layer bottom plate 12.
The vertical elevator 2 is fixedly arranged on the main frame and is positioned between the first-layer space and the second-layer space, the lower end of the vertical elevator is provided with a material inlet 21 communicated to the first-layer space, and the upper end of the vertical elevator is provided with a material outlet 22 communicated to the second-layer space.
The melter assembly includes a tilting platform 31, a melter 32, and a tilt cylinder 33. The tilting platform 31 is hinged at the communication port 13 of the floor slab 12 and rotates around the hinge in a vertical plane. The smelting furnace 32 is internally provided with a smelting cavity, the upper end of the smelting furnace 32 is provided with a feed opening 321 communicated to the smelting cavity and a drainage groove 322 communicated to the feed opening 321, and the smelting furnace 32 is fixedly connected with the tilting platform 31 at the upper end of the outer wall, is positioned at the communication opening 13 of the second floor bottom plate 12 and is positioned between the first floor space and the second floor space. The turning hydraulic cylinder 33 is arranged between the floor 11 and the smelting furnace 32, the lower end of the turning hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the floor 11, the upper end of the turning hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the lower surface of the turning platform 31, and the turning hydraulic cylinder is used for driving the turning platform 31 to rotate around the hinged position of the turning hydraulic cylinder so as to drive the smelting furnace 32 to rotate, so that the smelting furnace 32 is switched between a working state and a material pouring state. The smelting furnace 32 is in a vertical posture in a working state, and the feeding port 321 faces vertically upwards. The smelting furnace 32 is in an inclined posture in a pouring state, and liquid in the smelting cavity can be poured out through the feeding port 321 and the drainage groove 322.
The carriage assembly includes a rail 41 and a carriage 42. The number of the guide rails 41 is two, and the two guide rails 41 are arranged in parallel and fixedly installed on the second floor 12 and distributed at two sides of the feeding port 321 of the smelting furnace 32. Both guide rails are arranged perpendicular to the drainage groove 322 of the smelting furnace 32, with one guide rail 41 relatively close to the drainage groove 322 and the other guide rail relatively far from the drainage groove 322. The cart 42 includes a cart body and electric wheels. The vehicle body is provided with a hollow hole A and a hollow hole B. The electric wheel is arranged at the lower end of the vehicle body. The trolley 42 is movably arranged on the two guide rails 41 through electric wheels.
The feeding and docking mechanism comprises an outer funnel 51, an inner funnel 52 and a travelling crane (not shown in the figure). The outer funnel 51 is fixedly installed in a hollow hole A of the vehicle body and is in a horn mouth shape with a large upper part and a small lower part. The inner funnel 52 is in a bell mouth shape with a large upper part and a small lower part, is matched with the inner hole shape of the outer funnel 51, and is provided with a hanging lug 521 for butt-joint travelling crane at the upper end. The traveling crane is installed in the double space and is used for controlling the movement of the inner funnel 52, so that the inner funnel 52 is butted with or separated from the outer funnel 51. When the inner funnel 52 is docked with the outer funnel 51, the lower port of the inner funnel 52 extends into the melting chamber of the melting furnace 32 through the charging port 321 of the melting furnace 32.
The negative pressure dust removing mechanism includes a dust collecting cover 63 and a negative pressure dust remover (not shown in the figure). The dust collecting cover 63 is installed on the trolley 42 and is positioned in the hollow hole B of the trolley 42, and the dust discharging port and the dust collecting port on the dust collecting cover are respectively positioned at the upper end and the lower end of the hollow hole B. An air passage is arranged in the dust hood 63, and a dust collecting opening and a dust discharging opening are respectively formed at two ends of the dust hood 63 by the air passage. The negative pressure dust remover is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, a filter element is arranged in the negative pressure dust remover, and the air inlet of the negative pressure dust remover is connected with a dust exhaust port of the dust hood 63 through an air pipe.
The material conveying mechanism comprises a support 71, a belt conveyor a and an upper pulling assembly. The support 71 is fixedly installed in the two-layer space. The belt conveyor a includes a frame body a721 and a conveying belt a722 mounted on the frame body a 721. The two ends of the belt conveyor A along the conveying direction of the conveying belt A722 are respectively provided with a feeding end A and a discharging end A. The frame body A721 is sequentially provided with a first hinge joint 7211, a second hinge joint 7212 and a third hinge joint 7213 from one end to the other end, the frame body A721 is hinged on the support 71 through the first hinge joint 7211, and the rotating path of the belt conveyor A around the first hinge joint 7211 is positioned in a vertical plane. The upper pulling assembly comprises a link 731, a wire rope 732, and a hoist 733. The lower end of the link frame 731 is hinged to the third hinge 7213 of the frame body a 721. The lower end of the wire rope 732 is connected to the upper end of the connecting frame 731, and the upper end of the wire rope 732 is wound around the winding machine 733. The winch 733 is fixedly mounted on the support 71, the winch 733 drives the belt conveyor A to rotate around the first hinge joint 7211 through a winding and unwinding steel cable 732, so that the belt conveyor A is switched between a conveying state and an avoiding state, the feeding end A of the belt conveyor A is close to and right opposite to the material outlet 22 of the vertical elevator 2 in the conveying state, and the discharging end A is positioned right above the feeding port 321 of the smelting furnace 32, so that the material is conveyed. In the retracted state, the belt conveyor a avoids the ascending/descending movement path of the inner hopper 52, the turning path of the melting furnace 32, and the turning path of the tilting platform 31.
Preferably, the vertical hoisting machine 2 comprises a elevator shaft, a lifting table (not shown in the figure), a traction drive (not shown in the figure) and a conveyor belt mechanism (not shown in the figure). The lower end of the elevator shaft is provided with a material inlet 21 communicated to the first-layer space, and the upper end is provided with a material outlet 22 communicated to the second-layer space. The lifting platform is installed in the elevator shaft through a traction driving device and does lifting motion in the vertical direction. The conveying belt mechanism is arranged on the lifting platform, is provided with a conveying belt, and moves up and down synchronously along with the lifting platform so as to move between an upper butt joint position and a lower butt joint position. When the conveyor mechanism is in the upper docking position the conveyor is facing the material outlet 22 for the output of material and when the conveyor mechanism is in the lower docking position the conveyor is facing the material inlet 21 for the receipt of material.
Preferably, the negative pressure dust removing mechanism further comprises an electric push rod A61 and a connecting frame 62. The electric push rod A61 is fixedly arranged on the body of the trolley 42 and is fixedly connected with the dust collection cover 63 through the connecting frame 62 so as to drive the dust collection cover 63 to vertically move.
Preferably, the material transfer mechanism lower support member 74. The lower supporting member 74 is disposed between the second floor 12 and the frame body a721, has an upper end hinged to the second hinge 7212 of the frame body a721, and a lower end suspended, and is always vertical along with the rotation of the belt conveyor a. When the belt conveyor a is in a conveying state, the lower end of the lower support member 74 abuts against the two-layer bottom plate 12, thereby providing support for the belt conveyor a.
Preferably, the carriage assembly further includes a universal ball seat 43 and a steel ball 44. The lower end of the universal ball seat 43 is fixedly arranged on the second-layer bottom plate 12 or the tilting platform 31 and is positioned outside a guide rail 41 relatively close to the drainage groove 322, the upper end of the universal ball seat 43 is provided with a spherical pit for accommodating a steel ball, and the steel ball 44 is movably arranged in the spherical pit of the universal ball seat 43. The number of the universal ball seats 43 is plural, and all the universal ball seats 43 are arranged at intervals and arranged in a row parallel to the guide rail 41. When the trolley 42 moves to any position along the guide rail 41, at least one steel ball 44 on the universal ball seat 43 contacts with the lower surface of the trolley 42. Correspondingly, the trolley 42 has a rectangular frame with four corners, the electric wheels are only arranged at three corners of the lower end of the trolley, and the electric wheel is not arranged at the lower end of one corner of the trolley relatively close to the drainage groove 322.
Preferably, the trolley assembly further comprises an electric push rod B45 and a positioning sleeve 46. The electric push rod B45 is fixedly connected to one end of the trolley 42 and moves up and down in the vertical direction. The locator sleeve 46 is fixedly mounted on the tilt platform 31 and is located at the lower end of the power push bar B45. When the trolley 42 is located at the first position, the electric push rod B45 is opposite to the positioning sleeve 46 up and down, and the electric push rod B45 extends into the inner hole of the positioning sleeve 46 to lock the position of the trolley 42.
Preferably, when the inner funnel 52 is butted against the outer funnel 51, the lower port of the inner funnel 52 is spaced from the bottom surface of the melting chamber of the melting furnace 32 by 0-5 cm. A disposable cushion (not shown) is arranged in the lower end of the inner funnel 52, and the dissolving temperature of the cushion is between 200 ℃ and 500 ℃.
The state of the trolley is described as follows:
the trolley 42 is provided with a first position, a second position and a third position in sequence along the moving path of the guide rail 41. When the trolley 42 is in the first position, the lower end opening of the outer funnel 51 is located directly above and below the tap hole 321 of the melting furnace 32 in the operating state. When the trolley 42 is in the second position, the lower port of the dust cage 63 is directly above and below the feed opening 321 of the smelting furnace 32 in operation. When the trolley 42 is in the third position, the trolley 42 is offset up and down from the path of rotation of the tilt platform 31. The outer funnel 51 and the inner funnel 52 may be docked or undocked only when the cart 42 is in the first position.
Briefly describing the working process of the invention: the radionuclide scrap metal smelting and feeding method is applied to the radionuclide scrap metal smelting and feeding assembly, before the smelting and feeding operation is carried out, the radionuclide scrap metal smelting and feeding assembly is in an initial state, and in the initial state:
a. the smelting furnace 32 is in an operating state;
b. the trolley 42 is in the first position;
c. the inner funnel 52 is butted with the outer funnel 51;
d. the belt conveyor A is in a conveying state;
e. the electric push rod B45 extends into the inner bore of the locating sleeve 46.
The smelting and feeding steps are as follows:
s01, feeding in a cooling furnace:
a. the metal blocks are sent into a vertical elevator 2 through a material inlet 21, and after the vertical elevator 2 lifts the metal blocks from a first-layer space to a second-layer space, the metal blocks are driven to be discharged out of the vertical elevator 2 through a material outlet 22;
b. after being discharged from the material outlet 22, the metal blocks enter the conveyer belt A722 through the feeding end A of the belt conveyer A, and move to the discharging end A of the belt conveyer A along with the conveyer belt A722;
c. after being discharged from the discharge end A of the belt conveyor A, the metal blocks enter a smelting cavity of the smelting furnace 32 through an inner funnel 52;
d. after the feeding is finished, the winch 733 is started to pull the belt conveyor A to rotate upwards around the first hinge joint 7211, so that the belt conveyor A is changed from a conveying state to an avoiding state;
e. the hanging hook at the lower end of the travelling crane hooks the hanging lug at the upper end of the inner funnel 52, and then the travelling crane is operated to lift the inner funnel 52 upwards, so that the inner funnel 52 is completely separated from the outer funnel 51.
In this step, the metal block is formed by compressing and packing nuclear waste metal crushed aggregates by a metal compression packing machine.
In the step, when the inner funnel is butted with the outer funnel, the distance between the lower port of the inner funnel and the bottom surface of a smelting cavity of the smelting furnace is 0-5 cm; a disposable soft cushion is arranged in the lower port of the inner funnel, and the dissolving temperature of the soft cushion is between 200 ℃ and 500 ℃; the cushion plays the cushioning effect, avoids the bottom surface in the smelting chamber of smelting furnace to be injured by the metal block pounding.
S02, smelting metal:
a. the electric push rod B45 exits the inner hole of the positioning sleeve 46 to release the position locking of the trolley 42, and then the trolley 42 moves from the first position to the second position, so that the dust collecting port of the dust collecting cover 63 is opposite to the feeding port 321 of the smelting furnace 32;
b. starting the heating function of the smelting furnace to smelt the metal blocks; in the smelting process, on one hand, the continuous operation of the negative pressure dust collector is ensured, so that the volatile gas generated by smelting enters the negative pressure dust collector through the dust collecting cover 63, the radioactive nuclide in the gas is intercepted in a filter element of the negative pressure dust collector, the filtered gas is discharged to the atmosphere through the negative pressure dust collector, and on the other hand, the slag generated by smelting is manually cleaned in real time;
c. after smelting is finished, the driving trolley moves from the second position to the third position, so that the rotating paths of the trolley 42 and the tilting platform 31 are staggered up and down;
d. the turning hydraulic cylinder 33 is controlled to act, so that the smelting liquid in the smelting furnace 32 is discharged through the feeding port 321 and the drainage groove 322 in sequence and enters subsequent casting equipment to cast required parts.
In the step, in the smelting process, the height of the dust hood 63 from the feeding port 321 is adjusted so as to be convenient for observing the condition in the smelting furnace 32, and if the smelting liquid crusts, manual intervention is immediately carried out so as to avoid the explosion of the furnace.

Claims (8)

1. The radionuclide scrap metal smelting and feeding assembly is characterized in that: the device comprises a main frame, a vertical elevator, a smelting furnace assembly, a trolley assembly, a feeding butt joint mechanism, a negative pressure dust removal mechanism and a material conveying mechanism;
the main frame is sequentially provided with a first layer bottom plate and a second layer bottom plate from bottom to top, a first layer space is formed between the first layer bottom plate and the second layer bottom plate, a second layer space is formed at the upper end of the second layer bottom plate, and a communication port for communicating the first layer space with the second layer space is formed in the second layer bottom plate;
the vertical elevator is fixedly arranged on the main frame and positioned between the first-layer space and the second-layer space, the lower end of the vertical elevator is provided with a material inlet communicated to the first-layer space, and the upper end of the vertical elevator is provided with a material outlet communicated to the second-layer space;
the smelting furnace component comprises a tilting platform, a smelting furnace and a tilting hydraulic cylinder; the tipping platform is hinged at the communication port of the second floor bottom plate and rotates around the hinge position to a vertical plane; a smelting cavity is arranged in the smelting furnace, a feed opening communicated to the smelting cavity and a drainage groove communicated to the feed opening are formed in the upper end of the smelting furnace, the upper end of the outer wall of the smelting furnace is fixedly connected with the tilting platform, and the smelting furnace is positioned at a communication opening of the second floor and between the first floor space and the second floor space; the turnover hydraulic cylinder is arranged between the first floor and the smelting furnace, the lower end of the turnover hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the first floor, the upper end of the turnover hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the lower surface of the tipping platform, and the turnover hydraulic cylinder is used for driving the tipping platform to rotate around the hinged position of the tipping platform so as to drive the smelting furnace to rotate and enable the smelting furnace to be switched between a working state and a material pouring state; the smelting furnace is in a vertical posture in a working state, and a feeding port is vertically upward; the smelting furnace is in an inclined posture in a material pouring state, and liquid in the smelting cavity can be poured out through the feeding port and the drainage groove;
the trolley assembly comprises a guide rail and a trolley; the number of the guide rails is two, and the two guide rails are arranged in parallel and fixedly arranged on the second-layer bottom plate and are distributed on two sides of a feed opening of the smelting furnace; the two guide rails are arranged perpendicular to the drainage groove of the smelting furnace, one guide rail is relatively close to the drainage groove, and the other guide rail is relatively far away from the drainage groove; the trolley comprises a trolley body and electric wheels; the vehicle body is provided with a hollow hole A and a hollow hole B; the electric wheel is arranged at the lower end of the vehicle body; the trolley is movably arranged on the two guide rails through electric wheels;
the feeding butt joint mechanism comprises an outer funnel, an inner funnel and a traveling crane; the outer funnel is fixedly arranged in a hollow hole A of the vehicle body and is in a horn mouth shape with a large upper part and a small lower part; the inner funnel is in a horn mouth shape with a large upper part and a small lower part, the inner funnel is matched with the inner hole of the outer funnel in shape, and the upper end of the inner funnel is provided with a hanging lug for butting and hanging; the travelling crane is arranged in the second-layer space and used for controlling the inner funnel to move so as to enable the inner funnel to be butted with or separated from the outer funnel; when the inner funnel is butted with the outer funnel, the lower port of the inner funnel extends into a smelting cavity of a smelting furnace through a feeding port of the smelting furnace;
the negative pressure dust removing mechanism comprises a dust collecting cover and a negative pressure dust remover; the dust hood is arranged on the trolley and is positioned in the hollow hole B of the trolley; the dust hood is internally provided with an air passage channel, the air passage channel forms a dust collecting port and a dust discharging port at two ends of the dust hood respectively, the dust hood is positioned in the hollow hole B of the trolley, and the dust discharging port and the dust collecting port on the dust hood are positioned at the upper end and the lower end of the hollow hole B respectively; the negative pressure dust remover is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, a filter element is arranged in the negative pressure dust remover, and the air inlet of the negative pressure dust remover is connected with a dust exhaust port of the dust hood through an air pipe;
the material conveying mechanism comprises a support, a belt conveyor A and an upper traction assembly; the support is fixedly arranged in the second-layer space; the belt conveyor A is hinged on the support and rotates around a vertical plane of the hinged seat, so that the belt conveyor A is switched between a conveying state and an avoiding state; the vertical elevator is used for lifting materials discharged by the vertical elevator into the smelting furnace in a conveying state, and avoids a lifting moving path of the inner hopper, a turning path of the smelting furnace and a turning path of the tipping platform in an avoiding state; the upper traction assembly is associated with the belt conveyor A to drive the belt conveyor A to rotate around the hinged part of the belt conveyor A;
the trolley is sequentially provided with a first position, a second position and a third position along the moving path of the guide rail; when the trolley is positioned at the first position, the lower port of the outer funnel is vertically opposite to the feed inlet of the smelting furnace in a working state; when the trolley is positioned at the second position, the lower port of the dust collection cover is vertically opposite to the feed inlet of the smelting furnace in a working state; when the trolley is at the third position, the rotation paths of the trolley and the tipping platform are staggered up and down; the outer funnel and the inner funnel may be docked or undocked only when the cart is in the first position.
2. The radionuclide scrap metal melting charging assembly as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the material conveying mechanism also comprises a lower supporting part; the lower supporting part is arranged between the second-layer bottom plate and the frame body A, the upper end of the lower supporting part is hinged with the second hinge joint of the frame body A, the lower end of the lower supporting part is suspended, and the lower supporting part is always vertical along with the rotation of the belt conveyor A; when the belt conveyor a is in a conveying state, the lower end of the lower support member abuts against the two-layer bottom plate, thereby providing support for the belt conveyor a.
3. The radionuclide scrap metal melting charging assembly as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the belt conveyor A comprises a frame body A and a conveying belt A arranged on the frame body A; the two ends of the belt conveyor A along the conveying direction of the conveying belt A are respectively provided with a feeding end A and a discharging end A; the frame body A is sequentially provided with a first hinge joint, a second hinge joint and a third hinge joint from one end to the other end, the frame body A is hinged and installed on the support through the first hinge joint, and the rotating path of the belt conveyor A around the first hinge joint is positioned in a vertical plane; the upper traction assembly comprises a connecting frame, a steel cable and a winch; the lower end of the connecting frame is hinged on a third hinge joint of the frame body A; the lower end of the steel cable is connected with the upper end of the connecting frame, and the upper end of the steel cable is wound on the winch; the winch is fixedly arranged on the support, the winch drives the belt conveyor A to rotate around the first hinge joint through winding and unwinding a steel cable, so that the belt conveyor A is switched between a conveying state and an avoiding state, the feeding end A of the belt conveyor A is close to and right opposite to a material outlet of the vertical elevator in the conveying state, and the discharging end A is positioned right above a feeding port of the smelting furnace, so that the conveying of materials is realized; and the belt conveyor A avoids a lifting moving path of the inner hopper, a turning path of the smelting furnace and a turning path of the tipping platform in an avoiding state.
4. The radionuclide scrap metal melting charging assembly as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: the trolley assembly further comprises a universal ball seat and a steel ball, the lower end of the universal ball seat is fixedly arranged on the second floor or the tipping platform and is positioned on the outer side of a guide rail relatively close to the drainage groove, a spherical pit for containing the steel ball is formed in the upper end of the universal ball seat, and the steel ball is movably arranged in the spherical pit of the universal ball seat; the universal ball seats are arranged at intervals and are arranged in a row parallel to the guide rail; when the trolley moves to any position along the guide rail, at least one steel ball on the universal ball seat is contacted with the lower surface of the trolley body; correspondingly, the trolley body is a rectangular frame with four top corners, the electric wheels are only arranged at the three top corners of the lower end of the trolley body, and the electric wheels are not arranged at the lower end of one top corner of the trolley body, which is relatively close to the drainage groove.
5. The radionuclide scrap metal melting charging assembly as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: the trolley component also comprises an electric push rod B and a positioning sleeve; the electric push rod B is fixedly connected to one end of the trolley body and does lifting movement in the vertical direction; the positioning sleeve is fixedly arranged on the tilting platform and is positioned at the lower end of the electric push rod B; when the trolley is located at the first position, the electric push rod B is opposite to the positioning sleeve up and down, and the electric push rod B extends into the inner hole of the positioning sleeve to lock the position of the trolley.
6. The radionuclide scrap metal melting charging assembly as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: when the inner funnel is butted with the outer funnel, the distance between the lower port of the inner funnel and the bottom surface of a smelting cavity of the smelting furnace is 0-5 cm; the lower end of the inner funnel is provided with a disposable soft cushion, and the dissolving temperature of the soft cushion is between 200 ℃ and 500 ℃.
7. The radionuclide scrap metal melting charging assembly as claimed in any of claims 2-6, characterized in that: the negative pressure dust removal mechanism also comprises an electric push rod A and a connecting frame; the electric push rod A is fixedly arranged on the trolley body and is fixedly connected with the dust hood through the connecting frame so as to drive the dust hood to vertically lift and move.
8. The radionuclide scrap metal melting charging assembly as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: the vertical elevator comprises an elevator shaft, a lifting platform, a traction driving device and a conveyor belt mechanism; the lower end of the elevator shaft is provided with a material inlet communicated to the first-layer space, and the upper end of the elevator shaft is provided with a material outlet communicated to the second-layer space; the lifting platform is arranged in the elevator shaft through a traction driving device and is driven by the traction driving device to do lifting motion in the vertical direction; the conveying belt mechanism is arranged on the lifting platform, is provided with a conveying belt, and synchronously performs lifting movement along with the lifting platform so as to move between an upper butt joint position and a lower butt joint position; when the conveyor belt mechanism is located at the upper butt joint position, the conveyor belt is over against the material outlet to output the material, and when the conveyor belt mechanism is located at the lower butt joint position, the conveyor belt is over against the material inlet to receive the material.
CN202111427760.7A 2021-11-27 2021-11-27 Radionuclide scrap metal smelting and feeding assembly Pending CN114084608A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202111427760.7A CN114084608A (en) 2021-11-27 2021-11-27 Radionuclide scrap metal smelting and feeding assembly

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202111427760.7A CN114084608A (en) 2021-11-27 2021-11-27 Radionuclide scrap metal smelting and feeding assembly

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN114084608A true CN114084608A (en) 2022-02-25

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202111427760.7A Pending CN114084608A (en) 2021-11-27 2021-11-27 Radionuclide scrap metal smelting and feeding assembly

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Country Link
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114155987A (en) * 2021-11-27 2022-03-08 南华大学 Method for decontaminating waste metals with radioactive nuclei
WO2024069519A1 (en) * 2022-09-30 2024-04-04 Comecer S.P.A. System for the transfer and storing of radioactive waste for a shielded cell

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114155987A (en) * 2021-11-27 2022-03-08 南华大学 Method for decontaminating waste metals with radioactive nuclei
CN114155987B (en) * 2021-11-27 2024-04-19 南华大学 Method for decontaminating radionuclides waste metals
WO2024069519A1 (en) * 2022-09-30 2024-04-04 Comecer S.P.A. System for the transfer and storing of radioactive waste for a shielded cell

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