CN114152930A - Light scattering receiving element and application thereof in laser radar system - Google Patents
Light scattering receiving element and application thereof in laser radar system Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S17/95—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/491—Details of non-pulse systems
- G01S7/4912—Receivers
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Abstract
The application discloses light scattering receiving element and application in laser radar system thereof, it is used for measuring the laser radar system of atmosphere aerosol, and light scattering receiving element sets up the telescope receiving terminal at laser radar system, and light scattering receiving element is the optical waveguide array, and the optical waveguide array has the different optical waveguides in a plurality of light receiving areas in light receiving direction, and the light receiving area has the formation of image reception focal plane and the visual field that corresponds different high aerosol scattered light. The light scattering receiving element is used in a laser radar system, so that laser radar signal beams scattered and returned at different distances are focused on different focal planes and positions of the exit end of a receiving telescope and still can be effectively received, and complete atmosphere profile measurement data with different heights from low altitude to high altitude can be obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of lidar technology, and more particularly, to a light scattering receiving element and its application in a lidar system.
Background
Atmospheric aerosols are a general term for liquid and solid particles suspended in the atmosphere, which affect the global climate and local air quality mainly by direct and indirect effects. Aerosol is used as a main parameter for describing atmospheric conditions, and influences short-term air quality, local meteorological differences and long-term climate change, so that real-time measurement of aerosol distribution is particularly important, the main sources of aerosol are flying dust and combustion emission of human activities, and most of the content of aerosol is concentrated in a boundary layer.
In the related art, the measurement of the atmospheric aerosol is realized by a laser radar, specifically, a laser is used as a transmission source, wherein a laser radar signal beam is vertically transmitted upwards, and is received by a receiver after being scattered by the aerosol, the measurement of atmospheric optical and physical characteristics is realized by utilizing the interaction between the laser radar signal beam and air molecules and aerosol particles existing in the atmosphere, and the active remote sensing detection of atmospheric weather (except the remote sensing measurement of the laser radar, mainly an optical particle counter, a nano particle size spectrometer and the like, and the defects are that local sampling is required for detection), and the measurement application scenes of military and civil activities such as flight and the like are included.
One major impact in aerosol measurements, however, is that they are subject to large temporal and spatial fluctuations, which makes predictions impossible and point measurements inadequate. Thus, in applications where its impact may be critical, it is often desirable to continuously monitor the aerosol over the complete spatial domain of interest, e.g., as many height ranges of the aerosol optical scattering properties as possible are measured over one laser emission period, due to the significant changes in height that occur.
Laser radar has been proposed for long time for measuring atmospheric parameters remotely, because of the restriction of its optical structure, the laser radar technology has a certain limitation on the measurement of aerosol, and cannot give consideration to the measurement needs of long distance and short distance, especially cannot meet the needs of full-airspace coverage detection from very short distance.
The existing laser radar aerosol measurement comprises a plurality of measurement schemes, for example, patent document full-fiber laser radar aerosol detection device with patent application number 201410253958.1 discloses a full-fiber laser radar aerosol detection device, which comprises a signal transmitting channel for transmitting laser signals, a signal receiving channel for receiving the transmitted laser signals and receiving echo signals generated by the laser signals emitted to the atmosphere, and a signal processing channel for converting the echo signals into electric signals and analyzing and processing the electric signals, wherein the signal transmitting channel, the signal receiving channel and the signal processing channel are all-fiber structures, and the full-fiber structure is adopted, so that signal detection with the magnitude of picowatt and up to 20kHz can be realized, and the space-time resolution is improved.
Patent application No. 202010828354.0 discloses an aerosol laser radar system based on CCD lateral detection, adopt the atmospheric aerosol information that the polylith received the different height sections with the cylindrical mirror that not co-altitude placed side by side, replace traditional single camera lens by polylith cylindrical mirror, many the side by side light beams of a plurality of height sections of representatives can be surveyed to CCD to the realization improves the spatial resolution who surveys under the prerequisite of guaranteeing to survey the altitude range, avoid bottom and high-rise precision reduction because fisheye lens distortion causes simultaneously.
The patent application No. 202010553916.5 discloses a rotating raman spectroscopy system and a spectroscopy method for atmospheric aerosol detection, which transmit an atmospheric echo signal received by a telescope in a laser radar through an optical fiber and an optical fiber flange, emit the atmospheric echo signal as collimated light after passing through a collimator, filter out light beams below 950nm, and then separate the signals in the light beams through a grating, a long-focus lens and a perforated reflector, thereby realizing independent fine detection of aerosol in a near-infrared 1064nm waveband.
US patent document US5239352 discloses providing an improved backscatter lidar which overcomes the above difficulties by measuring the multiple scattering contribution in addition to conventional lidar technology. This additional information can then be used to resolve the previously described uncertainty. Any backscatter signal at a field of view greater than the divergence of the laser beam is due to multiple scattering. Thus, additional information obtained by measuring backscatter for several fields of view simultaneously can be used to determine multiple scatter contributions to the received signal. This is achieved by using a multi-element radiation detector having radiation receiving elements (comprising four concentric silicon detectors (PIN photodiodes)) located in separate parts of the focal plane of the receiving optics of the lidar, in order to discriminate the received backscattered radiation between several fields of view.
However, in the solutions disclosed in the above prior art, there are still problems that are not solved: firstly, a CCD imaging mode is adopted to solve multi-range measurement in height, pixel imaging of different scattering angles of aerosol on the CCD exists, uncertainty of inversion of the aerosol exists, and problems are solved by complex calculation and multiple measurements; the distributed installation of the second and the plurality of light power supply devices on the space has certain space constraint, and is mainly used for solving the calculation of the multiple scattered backscattering signals. (the size of the scattering cross-section of Mie scattering is a function of the scattering angle, the biggest drawback of Sabourne radar is that an assumption is made about low altitude echoes: 'the variation of scattering cross-section with angle is negligible'.
Disclosure of Invention
Although the measurement method in the prior art can realize measurement of the atmospheric aerosol, the aerosol is distributed at different atmospheric heights, so that laser radar signals returned by scattering have different focusing positions and cannot be completely received by a receiver at the same time, and the position of the receiver is often required to be adjusted to receive laser radar signal beams scattered at different heights through multiple measurements.
The application provides a light scattering receiving element, its lidar system that is used for measuring atmosphere aerosol, light scattering receiving element sets up lidar system's telescope receiving terminal, light scattering receiving element is the optical waveguide array, the optical waveguide array has the different optical waveguides of a plurality of receipts plain noodles in the light receiving direction, it has the formation of image reception focal plane and the visual field that corresponds not co-altitude aerosol scattered light to receive the plain noodles.
Furthermore, the optical waveguide array is provided with a plurality of optical waveguides corresponding to light receiving surfaces of different laser wavelengths on the directional array corresponding to the aerosol scattering light with the same height.
Further, the optical waveguide array is a modular package that accommodates the shape of the telescope receiving end.
Further, the optical waveguide array is arranged corresponding to single-wavelength laser.
Further, the light received by the optical waveguide array is transmitted through a fiber optic assembly.
The application also discloses a laser radar system for measuring the atmospheric aerosol, wherein the laser radar system comprises a laser emitting component, a receiving component and a main control component;
the laser emission assembly comprises a laser and a reflecting mirror, and the reflecting mirror is arranged opposite to the laser to reflect a laser radar signal beam emitted by the laser into the atmosphere;
the receiving assembly comprises a telescope, an optical fiber fixing piece, a plurality of optical fibers and a light splitter, the telescope is used for receiving the laser radar signal light beam scattered by the atmosphere, the output end of the telescope is used for enabling the received laser radar signal light beam to be incident into the optical fibers inserted in the optical fiber fixing piece, the end face of the top end of the optical fiber fixing piece is inclined, the optical fibers are uniformly inserted in the optical fiber fixing piece at intervals, each optical fiber penetrates through the optical fiber fixing piece, the end parts of the top ends of the optical fibers are arranged in a trapezoidal shape in the vertical direction, so that the end parts of the top ends of the optical fibers are sequentially located at focal planes of the telescope corresponding to different height distances, and the bottom end of each optical fiber is connected with the light splitter;
and the main control is electrically connected with the optical splitter so as to analyze and process the data of the laser radar signal beam.
Furthermore, the end face of the top end of the optical fiber fixing member is provided with a plurality of steps with sequentially decreasing heights in the vertical direction, the optical fibers correspond to the steps one to one, and each optical fiber is inserted into the corresponding step.
Further, the number of the steps is not less than 2.
Furthermore, the number of the optical fiber bundles and the cross-sectional area of the optical fiber bundles in each stepped surface are sequentially increased from high to low in the vertical direction.
Generally, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) when the laser radar system provided by the application is used for measuring the atmospheric aerosol, even if laser radar signal beams scattered and returned at different distances are focused on different focal planes and positions of the exit end of the receiving telescope due to different distances and non-coaxiality, the laser radar signal beams can still be effectively received, so that complete atmospheric profile measurement data with different heights from low altitude to high altitude can be obtained;
(2) the laser radar system provided by the application can be suitable for single-wavelength laser emission and is also suitable for application and measurement of a multi-wavelength laser radar system;
(3) the laser radar system provided by the application can be suitable for elastic scattering (meter scattering and Rayleigh scattering), and is also suitable for application and measurement of Raman scattering and high spectral resolution laser radar systems;
(4) the production process of the light scattering and receiving element, preferably an optical fiber component, provided by the application is relatively simple and has good compatibility with the optical system of the existing laser radar system.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser radar system for measuring atmospheric aerosol according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical fiber bundle fixing member according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a top view of an optical fiber bundling fixture according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The symbols in the drawings represent the following meanings:
1. a laser emitting assembly; 11. a laser; 12. a mirror; 2. a receiving component; 21. a telescope; 211. a small hole; 22. an optical fiber bundling fixing member; 222. a step surface; 23. bundling optical fibers; 24. a light splitter; 3. and (4) a master control.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.
The terms "first," "second," "third," and the like in the description and claims of this application and in the above-described drawings are used for distinguishing between different objects and not for describing a particular order. Furthermore, the terms "include" and "have," as well as any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not limited to only those steps or elements listed, but may alternatively include other steps or elements not listed, or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The application firstly provides a light scattering receiving element, its laser radar system that is used for measuring atmosphere aerosol, and light scattering receiving element sets up the telescope receiving terminal at laser radar system, and light scattering receiving element is the optical waveguide array, and the optical waveguide array has the different optical waveguides in a plurality of light receiving areas in the light receiving direction, and the light receiving area has the formation of image reception focal plane and the visual field that corresponds not co-altitude aerosol scattered light.
As described above, the positions of the focal planes corresponding to the aerosol scattered light images with different heights are different, and the sizes of the images are also different, so that the single receiving device cannot effectively receive, process and analyze the corresponding imaging information.
Illustratively, the optical waveguide array is a modular package that accommodates the shape of the receiving end of telescope 21.
Further, the optical waveguide is preferably an optical fiber.
The optical waveguide array is also provided with optical waveguides corresponding to light receiving surfaces of different laser wavelengths in the direction corresponding to the scattered light of the aerosol with the same height.
Considering that the device used in the multi-wavelength state has better adaptability to the multi-wavelength, when the device is used in the multi-wavelength state, the scattering influence on the wavelength is applied, and a plurality of optical waveguide arrays are arranged to receive more information at the same time on the azimuth at the same height.
In the light guide design according to the present application, as long as the light guide can receive reflection information of aerosol with different space heights in a certain field of view, the collection of scattered imaging light can be realized, and the following embodiments are described by taking a preferred embodiment of the optical fiber as an example,
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser radar system for measuring atmospheric aerosol according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1, the laser radar system includes a laser emission component 1, a receiving component 2, and a main control 3.
The laser transmitter assembly 1 includes a laser 11 and a mirror 12, the mirror 12 being arranged opposite the laser 11 to reflect the lidar signal beam emitted by the laser 11 into the atmosphere.
The receiving assembly 2 comprises a telescope 21, an optical fiber bundle fixing member 22, a plurality of optical fiber bundles 23 and a light splitter 24, the telescope 21 is used for receiving laser radar signal beams scattered by atmosphere, the output end of the telescope 21 is used for enabling the received laser radar signal beams to be incident into the optical fiber bundles 23 inserted in the optical fiber bundle fixing member 22, the optical fiber bundles 23 are inserted in the optical fiber bundle fixing member 22 at uniform intervals, each optical fiber bundle 23 penetrates through the optical fiber bundle fixing member 22, the top end parts of the optical fiber bundles 23 are arranged in a trapezoidal mode in the vertical direction, so that the top end parts of the optical fiber bundles 23 are sequentially located on focal planes of the telescope 21 corresponding to different height distances, and the bottom end of each optical fiber bundle 23 is connected with the light splitter 24.
The main control 3 is electrically connected with the optical splitter 24 to perform data analysis and processing on the laser radar signal beam.
That is to say, when the laser radar system provided by the present invention measures aerosol, the laser radar signal beams scattered and returned at different heights can be received by the optical fiber bundle 23 at different heights when passing through the optical fiber bundle fixing member 22, and are transmitted to the optical splitter 24 together, and finally, the scattering signals received by the optical splitter 24 are subjected to data analysis and processing by the main control 3, so as to obtain the measurement data of aerosol at different heights.
It should be noted that the end face of the top end of the optical fiber bundling fixing member 22 may be a plane or an inclined plane, and a step-shaped plane end face is taken as an example herein.
It will be readily appreciated that the scattered light corresponding to aerosols at different heights in the atmosphere will take on different positions in the real image and will be received by the bundle of optical fibers 23 at different heights.
It should be noted that the laser radar signal beam is transmitted and received in a non-coaxial layout, that is, the transmitting optical axis of the laser radar signal beam and the optical axis of the telescope 21 are two parallel lines separated by a distance.
In this embodiment, the main control 3 includes a signal acquisition module and a computer, and the signal acquisition module is configured to acquire signal data received by the optical splitter 24 and transmit the signal data to the computer for data analysis. Wherein, the signal acquisition module can be a photoelectric detector.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical fiber bundle fixing member according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, in another aspect of the present invention, a top end face of the optical fiber bundle fixing member 22 is a plurality of stepped surfaces 222 decreasing in height in sequence in a vertical direction, a plurality of optical fiber bundles 23 correspond to the plurality of stepped surfaces 222 one by one, and each optical fiber bundle 23 is inserted into the corresponding stepped surface 222.
Illustratively, the top surface of the optical fiber bundle fixing member 22 passes through a plurality of stepped surfaces 222 to form a trapezoidal shape, and the heights of the stepped surfaces 222 decrease from left to right, each optical fiber bundle 23 is inserted into each stepped surface 222 of the optical fiber bundle fixing member 22 at intervals, each stepped surface 222 corresponds to one optical fiber bundle 23, and the top end of each optical fiber bundle 23 penetrates through each stepped surface 222 to receive laser radar signal beams scattered by aerosols with different heights. The bottom end of each fiber bundle 23 is electrically connected to a beam splitter 24, so as to perform beam splitting processing on the laser radar signal beams scattered back and having different wavelengths.
In the present embodiment, the number of the stepped surfaces 222 is not less than 2.
In other embodiments of the present disclosure, the number of the stepped surfaces 222 may also be 3 or 4, which is not limited by the present invention.
Illustratively, the a lidar signal beam is a light signal scattered back through an aerosol at a height of 500m, and the a lidar signal beam is received by the fiber bundle 23 in the step face 222 after passing through the telescope 21. The laser radar signal beam b is an optical signal scattered and returned by aerosol at the high altitude of 200m, and is received by the optical fiber bundle 23 in the other step surface 222 after passing through the telescope 21.
That is to say, the laser radar signal beams scattered and returned at different heights can be received by the optical fiber bundle 23 at different heights when passing through the optical fiber bundle fixing member 22, and are transmitted to the optical splitter 24 together, and finally, the scattering signals received by the optical splitter 24 are subjected to data analysis and processing through the main control 3, so that the measurement data of the aerosols at different heights can be obtained through single measurement, and the problem of multiple measurements can be avoided.
It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the width of each stepped surface 222 of the optical fiber bundle fixing member 22 in the horizontal direction is slightly larger than the diameter of the optical fiber bundle 23, so as to prevent the scattered laser radar signal beam from being scattered by the stepped surface 222 and being unable to be received by the optical fiber bundle 23.
It should be noted that, in addition to the step-like arrangement of the fiber bundle relative to the receiving imaging focal plane in the height direction, there is a certain design for the imaging receiving fields of view at different heights, and the corresponding field of view is designed to be large corresponding to the height area with a large imaging spot.
It should be noted that, according to the present invention, specific height parameters of the step surface shape of the light receiving waveguide array designed for different heights, or the corresponding field size range, can be calculated by geometric optics design calculation method according to parameters such as the focal length of the telescope, the transverse distance between the laser beam and the optical axis of the telescope, the laser divergence angle, etc., so as to obtain the parameter calculation related to the height, the transverse deviation, and the size of the optical fiber bundle field.
In the present embodiment, the laser radar signal beam emitted by the laser 11 is a multi-wavelength laser radar signal.
Illustratively, the laser radar signal beam may have a wavelength of 355mm, 532mm or 1064mm,
fig. 3 is a top view of an optical fiber bundle fixing member according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, in this embodiment, the number of optical fiber bundles 23 and the cross-sectional area of the optical fiber bundles 23 in each step surface 222 are sequentially increased from high to low in the vertical direction (the lower step surface 222 has the greater number of optical fiber bundles 23 and the greater cross-sectional area of the optical fiber bundles 23), and the number of optical fiber bundles 23 in the step surface 222 on the left side is always 1.
It is easy to understand that laser radar signal beams with different wavelengths are emitted in parallel (not coaxial) and have a certain deviation in the horizontal direction when scattered and returned through the aerosol with the same height and imaged to the optical fiber bundle fixing member 22 through the telescope 21, so that scattered beams with different wavelengths can be received by arranging the plurality of optical fiber bundles 23 on the same stepped surface 222. That is, the laser radar system provided by the invention can be suitable for not only a single-wavelength laser radar, but also a multi-wavelength laser radar.
Exemplarily, 1 optical fiber bundle 23 is inserted into the stepped surface 222 on the left side, and the optical fiber bundle 23 has a smaller cross-sectional area corresponding to a single-wavelength laser radar; the right stepped surface 222 is inserted with 3 fiber bundles 23 corresponding to three-wavelength lidar, and the cross-sectional area of the fiber bundle 23 is large. The invention is not limited to this, in these embodiments, in order to adapt to different sizes of scattered light images at different heights, the fiber bundle view fields at the three step surfaces are sequentially arranged from small to large, that is, the corresponding fiber bundle view fields in fig. 3 are sequentially from left to right in a small, medium and large manner, and the same size in fig. 3 does not completely indicate that the view fields are designed to be the same in size.
It should be noted that the first optical fiber bundle 23 at the leftmost end is on the optical axis of the telescope 21, and the other optical fiber bundles 23 are all outside the optical axis of the telescope 21 and correspond to real image positions corresponding to different distances from far to near.
Illustratively, the optical fiber bundling fixing member 22 is disposed opposite to the small hole 211 of the telescope 21, and the optical fiber bundling fixing member 22 is located below the small hole 211.
In the present embodiment, the beam splitter 24 includes one or more of a convex lens, a filter, and a mirror.
Illustratively, the laser 11 is Nd: YAG type laser, so that emission of multiple wavelengths can be achieved. The telescope 21 is a Cassegrain telescope with a caliber of 400mm and a focal length of 2000 mm.
In other embodiments of the present invention, as a replacement and improvement of components of the common optical fiber bundle 23, the optical fiber bundle 23 is mainly changed into a step surface 222 type optical waveguide device and a bundle type step surface 222 type photodetection unit (for the extension of the embodiment, to realize coupling transmission of light reception, further improvement of the design of the optical waveguide is required, for example, other waveguide components manufactured by using waveguides made of the material of the optical fiber bundle 23, even the photodetection unit is directly adopted).
In addition, in the embodiment, a polarization component filtering component is added before the light scattering receiving element at the receiving end, and a polarization induction component is selected in consideration of the design of the optical waveguide device, so that more measurement results are obtained by utilizing the characteristics of optical polarization.
The working principle of the present lidar system is briefly explained as follows:
firstly, a laser 11 emits a laser radar signal beam, the laser radar signal beam enters the atmosphere after being totally reflected by a reflector 12, and the laser radar signal beam interacts with aerosols at different heights in the atmosphere and then is scattered. Then, the laser radar signal beams scattered at different heights are all received by the telescope 21, and the laser radar signal beams scattered at different heights are respectively incident into the corresponding optical fiber bundles 23. And finally, the laser radar signal beams with different wavelengths are transmitted to the optical splitter 24 together, so that the returned laser radar signal beams with different wavelengths are subjected to optical splitting, and the scattered signals received by the optical splitter 24 are subjected to data analysis and processing through the main control 3, so that the measurement data of the aerosol with different heights are obtained.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A light scattering and receiving element is used for a laser radar system for measuring atmospheric aerosol, and is characterized in that the light scattering and receiving element is arranged at a receiving end of a telescope (21) of the laser radar system, the light scattering and receiving element is an optical waveguide array, the optical waveguide array is provided with a plurality of optical waveguides with different light receiving surfaces in a light receiving direction, and the light receiving surfaces are provided with imaging receiving focal planes and view fields corresponding to aerosol scattering light with different heights.
2. The light scatter receiving element of claim 1, wherein the array of light guides further comprises a plurality of light guides corresponding to light receiving areas of different laser wavelengths in an array of directions corresponding to the scattered light of the aerosol of the same height.
3. A light scattering receiving element as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the light guide array is a modular package adapted to the shape of the receiving end of the telescope (21).
4. A light scattering receiving element as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optical waveguide array is arranged to correspond to a single wavelength laser.
5. A light scattering receiving element as claimed in any of claims 2 to 4, wherein the light received by the light guide array is transmitted through a fibre optic assembly.
6. A lidar system for measuring atmospheric aerosols, characterized in that the lidar system comprises a laser emitting assembly (1), a receiving assembly (2), and a primary control (3);
the laser emitting assembly (1) comprises a laser (11) and a reflecting mirror (12), wherein the reflecting mirror (12) is arranged opposite to the laser (11) to reflect a laser beam emitted by the laser (11) to the atmosphere;
the receiving assembly (2) comprises a telescope (21), an optical fiber bundle fixing piece (22), a plurality of optical fiber bundles (23) and a light splitter (24), the telescope (21) is used for receiving laser beams scattered by atmosphere, the output end of the telescope (21) is used for enabling the received laser radar signal beams to be incident into the optical fiber bundles (23) inserted in the optical fiber bundle fixing piece (22), the optical fiber bundles (23) are inserted in the optical fiber bundle fixing piece (22) at uniform intervals, each optical fiber bundle (23) penetrates through the optical fiber bundle fixing piece (22), and the top end parts of the optical fiber bundles (23) are arranged in a trapezoidal mode in the vertical direction, so that the top end parts of the optical fiber bundles (23) are sequentially located at focal planes of the telescope (21) corresponding to different height distances, the bottom end of each optical fiber bundle (23) is connected with the optical splitter (24);
the main control component (3) is electrically connected with the optical splitter (24) so as to analyze and process data of the laser radar signal beam.
7. The lidar system for measuring atmospheric aerosol according to claim 6, wherein the top end surface of the optical fiber bundle fixing member (22) is a plurality of stepped surfaces (222) with successively decreasing heights in the vertical direction, a plurality of optical fiber bundles (23) and a plurality of stepped surfaces (222) are in one-to-one correspondence, and each optical fiber bundle (23) is inserted into the corresponding stepped surface (222).
8. The lidar system for measuring atmospheric aerosol of claim 7, wherein the number of the stepped surfaces (222) is not less than 2.
9. The lidar system for measuring atmospheric aerosol according to claim 7, wherein the number of the optical fiber bundles (23) and the cross-sectional area of the optical fiber bundles (23) in each stepped surface (222) are sequentially increased from high to low in a vertical direction.
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