CN114152327A - Vibration detection method based on cavity ring-down technology - Google Patents

Vibration detection method based on cavity ring-down technology Download PDF

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CN114152327A
CN114152327A CN202111518691.0A CN202111518691A CN114152327A CN 114152327 A CN114152327 A CN 114152327A CN 202111518691 A CN202111518691 A CN 202111518691A CN 114152327 A CN114152327 A CN 114152327A
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cavity
ring
vibration
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output signal
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CN114152327B (en
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田中州
何星
王帅
杨平
许冰
林海奇
杨康健
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Institute of Optics and Electronics of CAS
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    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01HMEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H9/00Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means

Abstract

The invention provides a vibration detection method based on a cavity ring-down technology, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of building a ring-down cavity structure, adjusting the ring-down cavity to output a stable optical cavity output signal with certain strength, monitoring the change dynamics of the optical cavity output signal, collecting the optical cavity output signal, analyzing and extracting environmental vibration information by using a signal vibration resolving method, outputting a vibration detection result, and realizing high-sensitivity detection of the environmental vibration information. The method is based on the cavity ring-down system to carry out environment vibration detection, can quickly and qualitatively judge the vibration type and quantitatively obtain information such as vibration frequency spectrum and the like through monitoring and analyzing the output signal of the cavity, can realize real-time detection of transient micro vibration, and has the advantages of simple structure, novel method, convenient operation, high sensitivity, high bandwidth and the like compared with the traditional detection method.

Description

Vibration detection method based on cavity ring-down technology
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of vibration signal detection, in particular to a vibration detection method based on an optical cavity ring-down technology.
Background
Vibration signal detection is increasingly important in the fields of geological disaster prevention, engineering structure monitoring, experimental environment vibration detection and the like, but the conventional vibration sensors have more problems, such as poor detection precision and low sensitivity of a mechanical detection method, large influence of a distributed sensor on a light source, complex detection monitoring structure system and the like. The Cavity ring-down (CRD) technique is a high-sensitivity and high-precision optical detection technique, and is widely used in the fields of absorption spectrum measurement, high-reflectivity measurement, optical fiber sensing, and the like. (Abhijit Maity, Sanchi Maithani, Manik Pradhan, "visual Ring-Down Spectroscopy: Recent technical advances, Techniques, and Applications," Analytical Chemistry, 2021, 93, 388-416; Lecheng, Gong cell, optical Cavity Ring-Down high reflectance measurement Techniques review, Adam. In. Adam. et. Adam. No. Adam. In. Adam. et. In. Adam. A. Adam. of laser and optoelectronics, 2010, 47: 021203). The high sensitivity and high fineness of the cavity ring-down technology can also play a certain value in the field of vibration signal detection. On the basis of early experimental observation and theoretical research, the invention provides a vibration detection method based on an optical cavity ring-down technology. The theoretical basis of the method is as follows: in a vibration detection system based on the optical cavity ring-down technology, the transient micro-imbalance of a ring-down cavity system can be caused by environmental micro-vibration, so that the cavity loss is slightly changed, and finally vibration information is amplified and presented in an optical cavity resonance output signal. Because the cavity ring-down signal is extremely sensitive to cavity loss change caused by fine cavity disorder, and environmental vibration is extremely easy to cause disturbance of the cavity ring-down quantity, the sensitive detection of environmental vibration information can be realized based on the cavity ring-down technology.
Once the vibration detection system based on the ring-down cavity structure is built, the whole ring-down cavity structure can be used as a sensor to comprehensively sense the environmental vibration. In addition, the method can rapidly and qualitatively judge the vibration type and quantitatively obtain information such as vibration frequency spectrum and the like through real-time monitoring and analysis processing of the cavity ring-down output signal, realizes high-sensitivity detection of transient micro-vibration, and has the advantages of simple structure, novel method, convenience in operation, high detection sensitivity and the like compared with the traditional detection method.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the vibration sensor commonly used in the field of vibration signal detection at present has the problems of poor detection precision, low sensitivity, complex detection monitoring structure system and the like, and a vibration detection method with simple and novel structure and high detection precision and sensitivity is needed.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention to solve the technical problem is as follows: a vibration detection method based on a cavity ring-down technology is used for establishing a vibration detection system based on the cavity ring-down technology. The method comprises the steps of firstly building a ring-down cavity, adjusting the ring-down cavity to output a stable optical cavity output signal with certain intensity, monitoring the change dynamic state of the optical cavity output signal, collecting the optical cavity output signal, analyzing and extracting environmental vibration information by using a signal vibration resolving method, outputting a vibration detection result, and realizing high-sensitivity and high-precision detection of the environmental vibration information.
The method comprises the following concrete steps:
and (1) constructing a ring-down cavity structure, and monitoring a ring-down cavity transmission signal by using a Photoelectric Detector (PD).
The ring-down cavity structure is OF various cavity ring-down system structures, including traditional ring-down cavity structures, on-chip or chip micro-cavity structures and the like, and the adopted cavity ring-down (CRD) technology comprises a pulse cavity ring-down technology (P-CRD), a phase-shift cavity ring-down technology (PS-CRD), a narrow-spectrum continuous cavity ring-down technology (NBCW-CRD), an optical feedback cavity ring-down technology (OF-CRD) and the like.
And (2) adjusting the ring-down cavity to form a stable cavity resonance output signal, collecting the cavity resonance output signal, and acquiring signal spectrum information.
The cavity detuning state is not required to be specially required in the process of the cavity detuning stage, a certain cavity detuning amount such as cavity mirror inclination or cavity axis deflection can exist, and the adjusted optical cavity resonance output signal is stable.
The cavity resonance output signal is related characterization parameters directly or indirectly reflecting cavity loss, such as a cavity ring-down curve, a ring-down cavity transmission light intensity signal, a ring-down cavity transmission light spot form, a ring-down cavity transmission spectrum and the like. The cavity adjusting result requires stable optical cavity resonance output signals, and vibration error influence caused by system factors is reduced.
And (3) processing and analyzing signal frequency spectrum information by using a signal vibration resolving method, extracting environment vibration information, outputting a vibration detection result, and finishing sensitive detection on the environment vibration information.
The signal vibration calculation method can be any spectrum calculation analysis algorithm, including a periodogram method, an autocorrelation function method, a maximum entropy estimation method and the like. And improved periodogram methods including Bartlett's method and Welch's method spectral estimation.
The vibration detection result includes vibration type, vibration frequency, vibration intensity, vibration duration and the like.
The principle of the invention is as follows: in a vibration detection system based on the optical cavity ring-down technology, the transient micro-imbalance of a ring-down cavity system can be caused by environmental micro-vibration, so that the cavity loss is slightly changed, and finally vibration information is amplified and presented in an optical cavity resonance output signal. Because the cavity ring-down signal is extremely sensitive to cavity loss change caused by fine cavity disorder, and environmental vibration is extremely easy to cause disturbance of the cavity ring-down quantity, the sensitive detection of environmental vibration information can be realized based on the cavity ring-down technology.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the method can rapidly qualitatively judge the vibration type and quantitatively obtain information such as vibration frequency spectrum and the like by monitoring and analyzing the output signal of the optical cavity, can realize real-time detection of transient micro vibration, and has the advantages of simple structure, novel method, convenient operation, high sensitivity, high bandwidth and the like compared with the traditional detection method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cavity ring down system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the optical cavity output signal without ambient vibration in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the output signal of the optical cavity in the presence of transient micro-vibration of the environment according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1, a specific implementation method of the vibration detection method based on the cavity ring-down technique of the present invention is as follows:
step (1), a traditional two-cavity-mirror direct-type ring-down cavity structure is built, a Photoelectric Detector (PD) is added at the tail end of the ring-down cavity, and the PD is used for monitoring a transmitted light intensity signal of the ring-down cavity.
Wherein the cavity mirror M1 and the cavity mirror M2 are concave high-reflection mirrors, and the curvature radius of the concave mirrors is 1M. The cavity length is 0.6m, and the stable cavity condition is met. The laser beam and the ring-down cavity are coaxially injected into the ring-down cavity. The Photodetector (PD) receives the transmitted beam ring down signal from the cavity mirror M2. In this embodiment, the laser light source is a continuous semiconductor laser with a center wavelength OF 635nm, and the cavity ring-down technique is an optical feedback cavity ring-down technique (OF-CRD).
And (2) adjusting the ring-down cavity to form a stable cavity ring-down output signal, wherein the ring-down signal is acquired by a data acquisition card (M2i.3010, 80MHz, Spectrum) and transmitted to a computer (PC) for analysis and processing, and signal Spectrum information is acquired. Because the formation of cavity resonance in the cavity ring-down system is not particularly sensitive to the cavity detuning state, the cavity adjusting standard in the embodiment can be properly relaxed, and a certain cavity tilt and other cavity detuning amount can exist in the cavity adjusting process. The resonant output signal of the optical cavity in this embodiment is a ring-down cavity transmitted light intensity signal, and the acquisition time is 20 ms.
And (3) processing and analyzing signal frequency spectrum information by using any frequency spectrum calculation analysis algorithm of a signal vibration calculation method, such as a periodogram method, an autocorrelation function method, a maximum entropy estimation method and the like, extracting environment vibration information, outputting vibration detection results of vibration types, vibration frequencies, vibration intensities, vibration durations and the like, and finishing sensitive detection on the environment vibration information. In this embodiment, the signal vibration solution method is an improved Welch method, and first, point data x of the signal vibration region is calculatedN(n) dividing the power spectrum into L sections for processing, wherein the length of each section is M, the sections are overlapped by data, and the power spectrum of each section is recorded as
Figure BDA0003407871100000031
Figure BDA0003407871100000032
In the formula
Figure BDA0003407871100000033
Is a normalization factor, d (n) is a window function. Then, the power spectrum estimation of the L-section signal vibration area obtained by the periodogram method is summed and averaged to obtain the whole signal vibration area xN(n) estimating the power spectrum as
Figure BDA0003407871100000034
In this embodiment, the window function for each segment of data processing is a rectangular window function. And finally, analyzing environmental vibration information such as vibration frequency, vibration intensity, vibration duration and the like from the obtained power spectrum estimation diagram.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention may be practiced without these specific details.

Claims (6)

1. A vibration detection method based on a cavity ring-down technology is characterized by comprising the following implementation steps:
step (1), constructing a ring-down cavity structure, and monitoring a ring-down cavity transmission signal by using a Photoelectric Detector (PD);
adjusting the ring-down cavity to form a stable cavity resonance output signal, collecting the cavity output signal, and acquiring signal spectrum information;
and (3) processing and analyzing signal frequency spectrum information by using a signal vibration resolving method, extracting environment vibration information, outputting a vibration detection result, and finishing sensitive detection on the environment vibration information.
2. The method of claim 1 for vibration detection based on cavity ring-down techniques, wherein: the ring-down cavity structure in the step (1) is various cavity ring-down system structures, including a traditional ring-down cavity structure, an on-chip or chip micro-cavity structure, and the adopted cavity ring-down (CRD) technology comprises a pulse cavity ring-down technology (P-CRD), a phase shift cavity ring-down technology (PS-CRD), a narrow spectrum continuous cavity ring-down technology (NBCW-CRD) and an optical feedback cavity ring-down technology (OF-CRD).
3. The method of claim 1 for vibration detection based on cavity ring-down techniques, wherein: the cavity-tuning stage process in the step (2) does not make specific requirements on the cavity detuning state, a certain cavity detuning amount can exist, including cavity mirror inclination and cavity axis offset, and only the tuned optical cavity resonance output signal is stable.
4. The method of claim 1 for vibration detection based on cavity ring-down techniques, wherein: the optical cavity resonance output signal in the step (2) is related characterization parameters which directly or indirectly reflect the cavity loss, and comprises an optical cavity ring-down curve, a ring-down cavity transmission light intensity signal, a ring-down cavity transmission light spot form and a ring-down cavity transmission spectrum, and the cavity adjusting result requires that the optical cavity resonance output signal is stable, so that the vibration error influence caused by the system factors is reduced.
5. The method of claim 1 for vibration detection based on cavity ring-down techniques, wherein: the signal vibration calculation method in the step (3) can be any spectrum calculation analysis algorithm, including a periodogram method, an autocorrelation function method, a maximum entropy estimation method, and an improved periodogram method including Bartlett method and Welch method spectrum estimation.
6. The method of claim 1 for vibration detection based on cavity ring-down techniques, wherein: and (4) the vibration detection result in the step (3) comprises vibration type, vibration frequency, vibration intensity and vibration duration.
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