CN114147353A - Laser powder filling welding method for SiCp/Al-based composite material - Google Patents
Laser powder filling welding method for SiCp/Al-based composite material Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910016384 Al4C3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 25
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011156 metal matrix composite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001094 6061 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000907903 Shorea Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008484 TiSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/16—Removal of by-products, e.g. particles or vapours produced during treatment of a workpiece
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B5/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat
- F26B5/04—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by evaporation or sublimation of moisture under reduced pressure, e.g. in a vacuum
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of laser welding, in particular to SiCpA laser powder filling welding method for Al-based composite materials. The method realizes the connection of the SiCp/Al-based composite material by laser powder filling welding, fills Ti and Si powder with different contents when the SiCp/Al-based composite material is subjected to laser welding, changes the microstructure and the tissue composition of a welding line, and effectively inhibits a brittle compound Al4C3The generation of the SiCp/Al-based composite material and the generation of holes and cracks in the welding line realize the effective connection of the SiCp/Al-based composite material. The invention effectively inhibits the brittle compound Al by adjusting the welding process to change the welding power, the welding speed, the content of filling powder and the like4C3Generation of (2) and production of holes and cracks in the weldAnd the laser welding of the SiCp/Al-based composite material is realized, and the method is simple and effective.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser welding, in particular to a laser powder filling welding method for a SiCp/Al-based composite material.
Background
The aluminum has many advantages in manufacturing composite materials as a matrix, such as: light weight, low density, good plasticity, easy processing of aluminum-based materials, and easy mastering of technology. The processed aluminum matrix composite has high specific strength, excellent high-temperature performance, fatigue resistance, good wear resistance, excellent damping property and lower thermal expansion coefficient. At present, metal matrix composites are classified into three types of metal matrix composites, particle-reinforced, fiber-reinforced and whisker-reinforced, according to the category of the reinforcement. Silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite (SiCp/Al) is a Discontinuous (noncontinuous) particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite, has excellent physical and mechanical properties such as low density, high specific stiffness, high specific strength, high dimensional stability, low thermal expansion, high thermal conductivity, high wear resistance, fatigue resistance and the like, is beginning to become a typical material for replacing traditional aluminum alloy and titanium alloy, and has attracted extensive attention in the fields of aerospace, transportation, electronic packaging, sports and the like. However, the physical and chemical properties of the reinforcing phase-SiC particles of the aluminum matrix composite are greatly different from those of the matrix, so that the welding performance is not high, an ideal welding joint is not easy to obtain, and in the welding process, the SiC particles easily react with aluminum in the matrix to form a brittle compound Al4C3The strength of the joint near the weld joint area is obviously reduced, and the wide application of the SiCp/Al composite material is seriously hindered.
At present, a great deal of research is carried out on the aspects of preparation process, forming process, cold machining process, surface treatment technology and the like of metal-based composite materials at home and abroad, and certain achievements are obtained. However, the progress of the research on the welding process of the SiCp/Al composite material is still at the beginning. For material applications, a reliable connection is essential.
The laser powder filling welding is to add related metal powder in the welding process so as to achieve a better welding effect. Compared with a pure laser welding technology, the laser powder filling welding can reduce the requirement of laser welding on assembly precision and can obtain high-quality welding performance. In addition, laser powder filling welding also has the following advantages: the defects of laser welding such as discontinuous welding seams, collapse, undercut and the like can be improved; the filled metal powder can be selected in a diversified manner; the utilization rate of laser energy is improved; and the powder is added, so that more uniform photoinduced plasma can be generated, and powerful guarantee is provided for realizing real-time monitoring of the welding line through the photoinduced plasma. Most importantly, the welding seam structure can be changed by changing the powder composition, so that high-quality welding can be realized.
Chinese patent publication No. CN1586786A proposes a laser welding method of aluminum alloy by powder reinforced absorption, which adds aluminum powder to improve the laser absorption rate in the laser welding of aluminum alloy such as shorea. Chinese patent publication No. CN103862178A proposes a method for eliminating air holes in aluminum alloy laser welding, and laser-TIG hybrid welding is used by renzhenlong and the like to solve the air hole defect in aluminum alloy laser welding. In addition, the laser welding of the SiC/6061 aluminum matrix composite material is realized by changing the welding process by the Newton's Thai and the like, because the compound Al4C3The weld strength only reaches 70% of that of the parent metal. The research at home and abroad aiming at the connection method of the SiCp/Al composite material mainly comprises diffusion welding, electric arc welding, friction stir welding, laser welding and brazing. The welding of the metal matrix composite material by adopting the fusion welding principle has a series of problems, and a series of defects of brittle intermetallic compounds, small holes, poor fusion, uneven particle distribution, reinforced phase aggregation and the like are generated at the interface by reaction, so that the quality of welding seams is reduced.
The patent application is completed under the funding of the national science foundation project (51965022).
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem of defects in the aspect of welding of the SiCp/Al composite material, the invention provides a laser powder filling welding method for the SiCp/Al-based composite material.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a laser powder filling welding method for SiCp/Al-based composite materials is carried out according to the following steps:
(1) opening a 90-degree groove at the welding position of the SiC/6061Al composite material, removing oxide skin, carrying out sand blasting and coarsening treatment, cleaning and drying for later use;
(2) sieving alloy powder Ti and Si, wherein the particle size of the powder is 140-300 meshes; the alloy powder comprises the following components in atomic percentage: 63.16-89.55% of Ti, 10.45-36.84% of Si, the sum is 100%; preparing alloy powder according to the proportion, then carrying out ball milling in a planetary ball mill for 2-4 hours at the ball milling rotation speed of 150-250 r/min, and then drying in a vacuum drying oven for 2-3 hours at the drying temperature of 50-70 ℃;
(3) blowing the alloy powder obtained in the step (2) to a groove on the surface of the SiCp/Al composite material by using a coaxial powder feeding device for laser welding, wherein the technological parameters are as follows: the welding power is 550-1300W, the scanning speed is 90-240 mm/min, and the laser spot size is 1.0-1.8 mm.
In the SiCp/Al-based composite material laser powder filling welding method, in the step (1), the content of SiC in the SiC/6061Al composite material is 10-20 vol.%.
In the SiCp/Al-based composite material laser powder filling welding method, in the step (2), the purities of alloy powder Ti and Si are both more than or equal to 99.9 wt.%.
In the SiCp/Al-based composite material laser powder filling welding method, in the step (3), the rotating speed of the coaxial powder feeding device is 15-30 r/min.
According to the SiCp/Al-based composite material laser powder filling welding method, after the laser welding in the step (3), the generated welding line has no crack, undercut and pore defects, so that a brittle compound Al is avoided4C3OfAnd (4) obtaining.
The design idea of the invention is as follows:
the invention adopts laser powder filling welding which can improve the laser absorptivity and reduce the assembly precision, the filled in-situ reinforced Ti element and the decomposed C element are preferentially combined into TiC particles which can improve the toughness of a welding line, and the brittle compound Al can be effectively inhibited4C3And (4) generating. The filling can improve the wettability of Si element on the interface, and the concentration of the Si element is increased to effectively block the decomposition reaction of SiC particles.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the characteristics and beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention inhibits brittle compound Al4C3The generated TiC particles can become a new reinforcing phase, and the toughness of the welding seam is improved.
(2) The invention adopts laser powder filling welding, can improve the laser absorption rate, reduce the requirement of laser welding on assembly precision, and improve the defects of laser welding such as discontinuous welding line, collapse, undercut and the like.
(3) The invention has simple operation, easy powder replacement, diversified selection and easy realization of industrialization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the macro-morphology of filling powder welding for laser welding of SiC/6061 Al-based composite material.
FIG. 2 shows the micro-morphology of the filling powder welding of the SiC/6061 Al-based composite material laser welding.
FIG. 3 is a central XRD pattern of a TiSi added weld. In the figure, the abscissa 2 θ represents the diffraction angle (deg), and the ordinate Intensity represents the relative Intensity (cps).
Detailed Description
In the specific implementation process, the laser powder filling welding technology is applied, and Ti powder and Si powder with different contents are filled in the laser welding process, so that the microstructure and the tissue composition of a welding line are changed, and a brittle compound Al is effectively inhibited4C3The generation of the SiCp/Al-based composite material and the generation of holes and cracks in the welding line are realized, the microscopic morphology of the welding line is analyzed by SEM, and the components of the welding line are analyzed by XRD, so that the effective connection of the SiCp/Al-based composite material is realized.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
Example 1
In this embodiment, the laser powder filling welding method for the SiCp/Al-based composite material specifically includes the following steps:
(1) a90-degree groove is formed in the welding position of a 12 vol.% SiC/6061Al composite material (in the composite material, the volume percentage of SiC is 12%, and the balance is 6061 aluminum alloy), and descaling, sand blasting and coarsening are carried out, cleaning and drying are carried out for later use.
(2) And (3) sieving the alloy powder Ti and Si, wherein the particle size of the powder is 140-300 meshes. The alloy powder comprises the following components in atomic percentage: 63.16 percent of Ti, 36.84 percent of Si, and the purity of each component is more than or equal to 99.9 wt.%. Preparing alloy powder according to the proportion, then carrying out ball milling in a planetary ball mill for 2 hours at the ball milling rotating speed of 200 r/min, and then drying in a vacuum drying oven at 60 ℃ for 2 hours.
(3) And (3) carrying out laser welding after the pretreated base metal is installed, blowing the alloy powder obtained in the step (2) to a groove on the surface of the SiCp/Al composite material by using a coaxial powder feeding device for laser welding, wherein the technological parameters are as follows: the welding power is 550W, the scanning speed is 240mm/min, and the rotating speed of the coaxial powder feeding device is 15 r/min. The laser spot size is 1.0 mm.
The macroscopic appearance of the welding seam obtained in the example is shown in figure 1, and the macroscopic appearance of the welding seam is good without defects such as air hole inclusion and the like. The microstructure of the weld is shown in FIG. 2, and the result shows that white fine particles and massive gray structures are generated in the weld, and no elongated structures are observed. Weld phase analysis is shown in FIG. 3, the main components are diluted Al, filled Ti particles and generated fine TiC particles, Al3Ti, non-brittle compound Al4C3And (4) generating.
Example 2
In this embodiment, the laser powder filling welding method for the SiCp/Al-based composite material specifically includes the following steps:
(1) and (3) forming a 90-degree groove on the welding position of the 12 vol.% SiC/6061Al composite material, descaling, sandblasting and coarsening, cleaning and drying for later use.
(2) And (3) sieving the alloy powder Ti and Si, wherein the particle size of the powder is 140-300 meshes. The alloy powder comprises the following components in atomic percentage: 77.42 percent of Ti, 22.58 percent of Si, and the purity of each component is more than or equal to 99.9 wt.%. Preparing alloy powder according to the proportion, then carrying out ball milling in a planetary ball mill for 2 hours at the ball milling rotating speed of 200 r/min, and then drying in a vacuum drying oven at 60 ℃ for 2 hours;
(3) and (3) carrying out laser welding after the pretreated base metal is installed, blowing the alloy powder obtained in the step (2) to a groove on the surface of the SiCp/Al composite material by using a coaxial powder feeding device for laser welding, wherein the technological parameters are as follows: the welding power is 1300W, the scanning speed is 90mm/min, and the rotating speed of the coaxial powder feeding device is 30 r/min. The laser spot size is 1.8 mm.
The welding seam obtained by the method has good macroscopic appearance and no defects such as air hole inclusion and the like. White fine particles and massive gray structures were generated in the weld, and no elongated structure was observed. The main components are diluted Al, filled Ti particles and generated fine TiC particles and Al3Ti, non-brittle compound Al4C3And (4) generating.
Example 3
In this embodiment, the laser powder filling welding method for the SiCp/Al-based composite material specifically includes the following steps:
(1) and (3) forming a 90-degree groove on the welding position of the 12 vol.% SiC/6061Al composite material, descaling, sandblasting and coarsening, cleaning and drying for later use.
(2) And (3) sieving the alloy powder Ti and Si, wherein the particle size of the powder is 140-300 meshes. The alloy powder comprises the following components in atomic percentage: 83.72 percent of Ti, 16.28 percent of Si, and the purity of each component is more than or equal to 99.9 wt.%. Preparing alloy powder according to the proportion, then carrying out ball milling in a planetary ball mill for 2 hours at the ball milling rotating speed of 200 r/min, and then drying in a vacuum drying oven at 60 ℃ for 2 hours;
(3) and (3) carrying out laser welding after the pretreated base metal is installed, blowing the alloy powder obtained in the step (2) to a groove on the surface of the SiCp/Al composite material by using a coaxial powder feeding device for laser welding, wherein the technological parameters are as follows: the welding power is 550W, the scanning speed is 240mm/min, and the rotating speed of the coaxial powder feeding device is 15 r/min. The laser spot size is 1.0 mm.
This example obtainsThe obtained welding line has good macroscopic appearance and no defects of air hole inclusion and the like. White fine particles and massive gray structures were generated in the weld, and no elongated structure was observed. The main components are diluted Al, filled Ti particles and generated fine TiC particles and Al3Ti, non-brittle compound Al4C3And (4) generating.
Example 4
In this embodiment, the laser powder filling welding method for the SiCp/Al-based composite material specifically includes the following steps:
(1) and (3) forming a 90-degree groove on the welding position of the 12 vol.% SiC/6061Al composite material, descaling, sandblasting and coarsening, cleaning and drying for later use.
(2) And (3) sieving the alloy powder Ti and Si, wherein the particle size of the powder is 140-300 meshes. The alloy powder comprises the following components in atomic percentage: 87.27 percent of Ti, 12.73 percent of Si, and the purity of each component is more than or equal to 99.9 wt.%. Preparing alloy powder according to the proportion, then carrying out ball milling in a planetary ball mill for 2 hours at the ball milling rotating speed of 200 r/min, and then drying in a vacuum drying oven at 60 ℃ for 2 hours;
(3) and (3) carrying out laser welding after the pretreated base metal is installed, blowing the alloy powder obtained in the step (2) to a groove on the surface of the SiCp/Al composite material by using a coaxial powder feeding device for laser welding, wherein the technological parameters are as follows: the welding power is 550W, the scanning speed is 240mm/min, and the rotating speed of the coaxial powder feeding device is 15 r/min. The laser spot size is 1.0 mm.
The welding seam obtained by the method has good macroscopic appearance and no defects such as air hole inclusion and the like. White fine particles and massive gray structures were generated in the weld, and no elongated structure was observed. The main components are diluted Al, filled Ti particles and generated fine TiC particles and Al3Ti, non-brittle compound Al4C3And (4) generating.
Example 5
In this embodiment, the laser powder filling welding method for the SiCp/Al-based composite material specifically includes the following steps:
(1) and (3) forming a 90-degree groove on the welding position of the 12 vol.% SiC/6061Al composite material, descaling, sandblasting and coarsening, cleaning and drying for later use.
(2) And (3) sieving the alloy powder Ti and Si, wherein the particle size of the powder is 140-300 meshes. The alloy powder comprises the following components in atomic percentage: 89.55 percent of Ti, 10.45 percent of Si, and the purity of each component is more than or equal to 99.9 wt.%. Preparing alloy powder according to the proportion, then carrying out ball milling in a planetary ball mill for 2 hours at the ball milling rotating speed of 200 r/min, and then drying in a vacuum drying oven at 60 ℃ for 2 hours;
(3) and (3) carrying out laser welding after the pretreated base metal is installed, blowing the alloy powder obtained in the step (2) to a groove on the surface of the SiCp/Al composite material by using a coaxial powder feeding device for laser welding, wherein the technological parameters are as follows: the welding power is 550W, the scanning speed is 240mm/min, and the rotating speed of the coaxial powder feeding device is 15 r/min. The laser spot size is 1.0 mm.
The welding seam obtained by the method has good macroscopic appearance and no defects such as air hole inclusion and the like. White fine particles and massive gray structures were generated in the weld, and no elongated structure was observed. The main components are diluted Al, filled Ti particles and generated fine TiC particles and Al3Ti, non-brittle compound Al4C3And (4) generating.
The results of the examples show that the invention effectively inhibits the brittle compound Al by adjusting the welding process to change the welding power, the welding speed, the content of the filling powder and the like4C3The generation and the generation of holes and cracks in the welding line are realized, the laser welding of the SiCp/Al-based composite material is realized, and the method is simple and effective.
Claims (5)
1. A SiCp/Al-based composite material laser powder filling welding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) opening a 90-degree groove at the welding position of the SiC/6061Al composite material, removing oxide skin, carrying out sand blasting and coarsening treatment, cleaning and drying for later use;
(2) sieving alloy powder Ti and Si, wherein the particle size of the powder is 140-300 meshes; the alloy powder comprises the following components in atomic percentage: 63.16-89.55% of Ti, 10.45-36.84% of Si, the sum is 100%; preparing alloy powder according to the proportion, then carrying out ball milling in a planetary ball mill for 2-4 hours at the ball milling rotation speed of 150-250 r/min, and then drying in a vacuum drying oven for 2-3 hours at the drying temperature of 50-70 ℃;
(3) blowing the alloy powder obtained in the step (2) to a groove on the surface of the SiCp/Al composite material by using a coaxial powder feeding device for laser welding, wherein the technological parameters are as follows: the welding power is 550-1300W, the scanning speed is 90-240 mm/min, and the laser spot size is 1.0-1.8 mm.
2. The laser powder filling welding method for SiCp/Al-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the content of SiC in the SiC/6061Al composite material is 10-20 vol.%.
3. The laser powder filling welding method of the SiCp/Al-based composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the purity of the alloy powder Ti and the purity of the alloy powder Si are both more than or equal to 99.9 wt.%.
4. The SiCp/Al-based composite laser powder-filled welding method as defined in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the rotation speed of the coaxial powder feeding device is 15 to 30 revolutions/min.
5. The laser powder-filled SiCp/Al-based composite material welding method as defined in claim 1, wherein after the laser welding in step (3), the resulting weld has no cracks, undercuts and air hole defects, avoiding brittle compound Al4C3And (4) generating.
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| CN116254530A (en) * | 2023-03-14 | 2023-06-13 | 华东交通大学 | Aluminum-based composite material laser powder filling welding method capable of effectively reducing dilution of base metal by covering groove with foil |
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