CN116254530A - Aluminum-based composite material laser powder filling welding method capable of effectively reducing dilution of base metal by covering groove with foil - Google Patents
Aluminum-based composite material laser powder filling welding method capable of effectively reducing dilution of base metal by covering groove with foil Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
- C23C24/106—Coating with metal alloys or metal elements only
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
- B22F2009/043—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by ball milling
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Abstract
The invention discloses a laser powder filling welding method for an aluminum-based composite material, which is used for effectively reducing the dilution of a base metal by covering a groove with foil, and relates to the technical field of laser powder filling welding for the aluminum-based composite material. The welding method comprises the following steps: 1) Different grooves are formed at the welding position of the SiCp/Al aluminum-based composite material, and the SiCp/Al aluminum-based composite material is treated for standby; 2) Coating the groove of the SiCp/Al aluminum-based composite material with a Ni foil for later use; 3) Sieving and ball milling alloy powder Al, si and Ti; 4) And (3) respectively carrying out laser powder filling welding on the back surface and the front surface of the SiCp/Al aluminum-based composite material by using a coaxial powder feeding laser deposition method. During welding, the base metal groove is coated by the Ni foil, so that the dilution rate of the base metal in the welding line can be effectively reduced, and the crystal-assisted welding line is providedThe grain-refined Ni element reacts with other elements in the welding seam to generate different tissues, so that the microstructure and the tissue components of the welding seam are changed, and the brittle compound Al is inhibited 4 C 3 The generation of holes and cracks in the welding line, the effective connection of the SiCp/Al composite material is realized, and the method is simple and effective.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum matrix composite material laser powder filling welding, in particular to an aluminum matrix composite material laser powder filling welding method for effectively reducing base metal dilution by covering a groove with foil.
Background
The SiCp/Al aluminum-based composite material has the excellent physical and chemical properties of high specific stiffness, high specific strength, high dimensional stability, low thermal expansion, high thermal conductivity, high wear resistance, fatigue resistance and the like, and is concerned by the fields of aerospace, electronic engineering, transportation and the like. However, the reinforcing body SiC particles of the aluminum-based composite material have larger differences in physical properties and chemical properties with the matrix, so that the welding performance is not high, an ideal welding joint is not easy to obtain, and defects such as air holes, cracks and the like are easy to generate in a welding line. In addition, the SiC particles are liable to chemically react with aluminum in the matrix to form brittle intermetallic compound Al 4 C 3 The strength of the joint near-welding area is obviously reduced, and the application of the SiCp/Al aluminum-based composite material is hindered.
The laser powder filling welding line has the advantages of accurate energy control, large flexibility, high automation degree, high processing speed, suitability for mass production and the like, and is recognized as one of the most potential advanced manufacturing technologies in the twenty-first century. One of the key problems in welding metal matrix composites is that the reaction of the matrix with the reinforcement phase produces intermetallic compounds that affect joint performance. The absorption rate of laser can be improved by filling metal powder during welding, and the defects of discontinuous welding lines, collapse, undercut and the like of the laser welding can be overcome; the utilization rate of laser energy can be improved; the filling metal powder can be selected in a diversified way, so that the metallurgical reaction of the weld metal is improved to obtain different weld structures, and the welding quality is improved. In the welding process, the melting point of the aluminum matrix is low, so that the aluminum matrix is easy to melt and dilute into a welding line, and the welding line structure is not easy to control. When welding, the base metal groove is coated by the metal foil, so that on one hand, the heat absorption of the base metal can be reduced, the dilution of the base metal is reduced, and on the other hand, the relevant elements for improving the quality of the welding seam can be provided.
S.Fukumoto[S.Fukumoto,T.Inoue,S.Mizuno,K.Okita,T.Tomita,A.Yamamoto.Frict ion welding of TiNi alloy to stainless steel using Ni interlayer,Science and Technology of welding and Joining,Vol.15,No.2,2010:124-130.]When the TiNi alloy and the stainless steel are subjected to friction stir dissimilar welding, a Ni layer filler is clamped between the TiNi alloy and the stainless steel, so that the microstructure of a welding seam is changed, and TiNi are generated 3 Inhibiting brittle phase Fe 2 Ti is generated, so that the welding strength of the welding line is improved. Li [ H.M.Li, D.Q.Sun, X.L.Cai, P.Dong, W.Q.Wang.laser welding of TiNi shape memory alloy and stainless steel using Ni interlayer, materials and design 39 (2012) 285-293.]And the influence of different Ni layer filler thicknesses on weld joint structures, shapes, air holes and weld joint quality is studied when TiNi alloy and stainless steel dissimilar materials are subjected to laser welding. The research shows that as the thickness of the Ni layer filler is increased, the content of Ni element in the welding line is increased, and the intermetallic compound TiFe is reduced 2 And TiCr 2 And the welding seam quality is improved. Zhang Shumai effects of Ni interlayers on the structure and properties of magnesium alloy/aluminum alloy laser fusion welded joints [ Zhang Shumai, zhang Fuquan, zhou Dianwu, liu Jinshui, zhou He, china laser, vol.47, no.7July 2020.]And when the magnesium-aluminum alloy dissimilar laser welding is performed, the Ni layer filler is added, the surface of the welding seam is in a regular fish scale shape, the surface is uniform, the Al is successfully inhibited from diffusing into a magnesium alloy molten pool, the generation of Mg-Al brittle compounds is reduced, and the performance of the welding joint is improved. Wang Gang [ Wang Gang, cao Xuelong, santalum album, jiang Junjun, xing Chang. Ni/Si intermediate layer vs. aluminium/Steel laser welding head Structure and PropertyEnergy impact, welding theory, vol.41, no.4,2020:84-89.]And the Ni/Si intermediate layer is adopted in the laser welding of the aluminum/steel, so that the generation of Fe-Al binary brittle phase is effectively inhibited, and the weldability of the aluminum/steel is improved. Zhang Jian [ Zhang Jian, luo Guojiang, shen Jiang, huang Zhijun ] Mg-Al diffusion welded joint interface structure and mechanical properties with addition of Ni foil interlayer, materials engineering, vol.43, no.1january 2015:pp13-17.]And the structure and mechanical properties of the Mg/Ni/Al welded joint interface are studied by adding the Ni foil interlayer to perform diffusion welding on the Mg-Al dissimilar metal. The research shows that the Ni foil interlayer can effectively prevent the mutual diffusion of Mg and Al elements at the interface, and the interface of the joint does not generate Mg-Al intermetallic compounds. In all of the above studies, the reaction between the Ni-layer filler and the base material did not prevent dilution of the base material.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of air holes, cracks, interface reaction, base metal dilution and the like generated by a SiCp/Al composite material welding line, the invention aims to provide the aluminum-based composite material laser powder filling welding method capable of effectively reducing the base metal dilution by covering a groove with foil.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: an aluminum-based composite material laser powder filling welding method for effectively reducing the dilution of a base metal by covering a groove with foil, wherein the welding method comprises the following steps of:
1) Different grooves are formed on the welding position of the SiCp/Al aluminum-based composite material, oil and dirt are removed by ultrasonic cleaning, oxide skin is removed by polishing, and the SiCp/Al aluminum-based composite material is roughened by sand blasting, and is cleaned and dried for later use;
2) Coating the SiCp/Al aluminum-based composite material groove treated in the step 1) with a Ni foil for later use;
3) Sieving alloy powder Al and Si, wherein the particle size of the powder is 140-300 meshes; the alloy powder comprises the following components in percentage by atom: 7.44% Al,92.56% Si, 100% total; the alloy powder contains 72.36% of Ti,14.07% of Si and 13.57% of Al by atom percentage, and the sum is 100%; preparing alloy powder according to the proportion, ball milling for 2-4 hours at the ball milling rotating speed of 150-250 r/min, and then drying in a vacuum drying oven at 50-70 ℃ for 2-3 hours;
4) Carrying out laser powder filling welding on the back of the SiCp/Al aluminum-based composite material treated in the step 2) by using a coaxial powder feeding device, wherein the technological parameters are as follows: the welding power is 800-1500W, the scanning speed is 3-240 mm/min, the powder feeding speed is 5-15 g/min, and the light spot size is 1.8-2.0 mm;
5) Carrying out laser powder filling welding on the front groove of the SiCp/Al aluminum-based composite material obtained in the step 4) by using a coaxial powder feeding device, wherein the technological parameters are as follows: the welding power is 800-1500W, the scanning speed is 3-240 mm/min, the powder feeding speed is 5-15 g/min, and the laser spot size is 1.8-2.0 mm.
Further, the SiCp/Al aluminum-based composite material in the step 1) has a SiC content of 10-30 vol.%.
Further, in the step 1), a groove of 0-60 degrees is formed at the welding position of the SiCp/Al aluminum-based composite material.
Further, in the step 2), the thickness of the Ni foil is 0.01 to 0.5mm.
Further, in the step 3), the purity of the Al, si and Ti alloy powder is more than or equal to 99.9wt%.
Further, in the step 4), the laser powder filling welding process parameters are as follows: the laser power is 800-1500W, the scanning speed is 3-240 mm/min, the powder feeding rate is 5-10 g/min, and the light spot size is 1.8-2.0 mm.
Further, after the welding in the step 4), the laser powder filling welding of the SiCp/Al aluminum matrix composite material is realized, and the dilution of the base metal is reduced.
Further, in the step 5), the laser welding process parameters are as follows: the laser power is 800-1500W, the scanning speed is 3-240 mm/min, the powder feeding speed is 5-10 g/min, and the laser spot size is 1.8-2.0 mm.
Further, after the welding in the step 5), the laser powder filling welding of the SiCp/Al aluminum matrix composite is realized, and the brittleness is avoidedSexual compound Al 4 C 3 And the performance of the welding seam is improved.
The invention adopts laser powder filling welding capable of improving the laser absorptivity of the aluminum matrix composite material, controls the weld joint composition by changing the powder components, reduces the dilution of the base metal by adopting a Ni foil cladding mode, reduces the contact between the base metal and a molten pool, changes the weld joint composition and the microscopic morphology, and improves the weld joint quality.
When the laser powder filling welding is carried out, the dilution rate of the base metal in the welding line can be effectively reduced by coating the base metal with the Ni foil. The Ni foil coated with the base material not only can reduce the dilution rate of the base material, but also can provide Ni element which is favorable for grain refinement into the welding line, and reacts with other elements in the welding line to generate different structures, thereby effectively inhibiting brittle compound Al 4 C 3 Is generated.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: compared with the prior art, the aluminum-based composite material laser powder filling welding method for effectively reducing the dilution of the base metal by covering the groove with the foil has the following advantages:
1) In order to restrain the dilution of the base metal during the laser powder filling welding of the aluminum-based composite material, the invention coats the groove of the base metal with Ni foil to prevent the dilution of the base metal into the welding seam during the laser powder filling welding; thereby reducing the dilution of the parent metal and inhibiting the brittle intermetallic compound Al 4 C 3 And the welding seam quality is improved.
2) The invention adopts laser powder filling welding, can improve the absorptivity of laser, reduce the requirement of laser welding on assembly precision, and improve the laser welding defects such as discontinuous welding lines, collapse, undercut and the like.
3) The invention has simple operation, easy powder replacement, diversified selection and easy industrialization realization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the macroscopic morphology of a welding seam of a 0-degree groove Ni foil coated SiCp/Al composite material laser welding filler powder welding.
FIG. 2 shows the microstructure of a welding seam of a 0-degree groove Ni foil coated SiCp/Al composite material laser welding filler powder welding.
FIG. 3 shows the macroscopic morphology of a welding seam of a 45-degree groove Ni foil coated SiCp/Al composite material laser welding filler powder welding.
FIG. 4 shows the microstructure of a weld joint of a 45-degree groove Ni foil coated SiCp/Al composite material laser welding filler powder welding.
FIG. 5 shows the microstructure of the welding seam of the Ni foil coated SiCp/Al composite material in different processes of laser welding filler powder welding.
FIG. 6 shows the distribution of weld elements in different processes of laser welding filler powder welding of the Ni foil coated SiCp/Al composite material.
Detailed Description
In the specific implementation process, in the laser powder filling welding process, the base material is coated by the Ni foil to prevent the base material from diluting into the welding seam, the laser powder filling welding is filled with powder with different components to control the structure and components of the welding seam, and the brittle compound Al is effectively inhibited by adjusting the technological parameters such as laser power, a groove, a scanning speed, a powder feeding speed and the like 4 C 3 Is generated. In the SiCp/Al composite material, the reinforced phase SiC particles (average particle size is 10-30 mu m) are 10-30 vol.% and the balance is ZL2009 aluminum alloy matrix.
The invention uses the Ni foil to coat the base metal during laser powder filling welding, can effectively prevent the base metal from diluting, and simultaneously combines the Ni element with other elements in the welding line, can change the microstructure and the structure composition of the welding line, and can inhibit brittle compound Al 4 C 3 The generation of holes and cracks in the welding line, the effective connection of the SiCp/Al composite material is realized, and the method is simple and effective.
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples. These examples are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
In this embodiment, the method for laser powder filling welding of the aluminum-based composite material, in which the groove foil coating effectively reduces the dilution of the base material, comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) cutting a 0-degree groove at a welding position of 15vol.% SiCp/2009 aluminum alloy composite material, ultrasonically cleaning with acetone to remove oil and dirt, polishing with sand to remove oxide skin, performing sand blasting coarsening treatment, cleaning, and drying for later use.
(2) And (3) coating the groove of the SiCp/Al composite material with the concentration of 15vol.% after the treatment in the step (1) with a Ni foil for later use, wherein the thickness of the Ni foil is 0.02mm.
(3) Sieving the alloy powder Al and Si, wherein the particle size of the powder is 140-300 meshes. The alloy powder comprises the following components in percentage by atom: 7.44 percent of Al,92.56 percent of Si, the total sum is 100 percent, and the purity of each component is more than or equal to 99.9 weight percent. Alloy powder is prepared according to the proportion, ball milling is carried out for 2 hours in a planetary ball mill, the ball milling rotating speed is 220r/min, and then the alloy powder is dried for 3 hours in a vacuum drying oven at 60 ℃.
(4) Carrying out laser powder filling welding on the back of the SiCp/Al composite material treated in the step (2) by using a coaxial powder feeding device, wherein the technological parameters are as follows: the laser power is 1000W, the scanning speed is 5mm/min, the powder feeding rate is 6g/min, and the light spot size is 1.8mm.
(5) And (3) carrying out laser powder filling welding on the front surface of the SiCp/Al composite material obtained in the step (4) by utilizing a coaxial powder feeding device, wherein the technological parameters are as follows: the laser power is 1000W, the scanning speed is 5mm/min, the powder feeding rate is 6g/min, and the light spot size is 1.8mm.
As shown in FIG. 1, the macro-morphology of the welding seam obtained by the embodiment can be seen to be good, and the defects of air hole inclusion and the like are avoided. As shown in fig. 2, the weld microscopic morphology, which indicates that a lumpy gray texture was generated in the weld, and no elongated texture was observed.
Example 2
In this embodiment, the method for laser powder filling welding of the aluminum-based composite material, in which the groove foil coating effectively reduces the dilution of the base material, comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) cutting a 45-degree groove on 15vol.% SiCp/2009 aluminum alloy composite material, ultrasonically cleaning with acetone to remove oil and dirt, polishing with sand to remove oxide skin, performing sand blasting roughening treatment, cleaning, and drying for later use.
(2) And (3) coating the groove of the SiCp/Al composite material with the concentration of 15vol.% after the treatment in the step (1) with a Ni foil for later use, wherein the thickness of the Ni foil is 0.02mm.
(3) Sieving the alloy powder Al and Si, wherein the particle size of the powder is 140-300 meshes. The alloy powder comprises the following components in percentage by atom: 7.44 percent of Al,92.56 percent of Si, the total sum is 100 percent, and the purity of each component is more than or equal to 99.9 weight percent. Alloy powder is prepared according to the proportion, ball milling is carried out for 4 hours in a planetary ball mill, the ball milling rotating speed is 180r/min, and then the alloy powder is dried for 2 hours in a vacuum drying oven at 60 ℃.
(4) Carrying out laser powder filling welding on the back of the SiCp/Al composite material treated in the step (2) by using a coaxial powder feeding device, wherein the technological parameters are as follows: the laser power is 1000W, the scanning speed is 5mm/min, the powder feeding rate is 6g/min, and the light spot size is 1.8mm.
(5) And (3) carrying out laser powder filling welding on the front surface of the SiCp/Al composite material obtained in the step (4) by utilizing a coaxial powder feeding device, wherein the technological parameters are as follows: the laser power is 1000W, the scanning speed is 5mm/min, the powder feeding rate is 6g/min, and the light spot size is 1.8mm.
As shown in FIG. 3, the macro-morphology of the weld obtained in the embodiment can be seen to be good, and defects such as air hole inclusions and the like are avoided. As shown in fig. 4, the micro-morphology of the weld obtained in this example showed that a lumpy gray structure was generated in the weld, and no elongated structure was observed.
Example 3
In this embodiment, a method for laser powder filling welding of an aluminum-based composite material with a groove foil coating to effectively reduce dilution of a base material is as follows:
(1) And (3) cutting a 60-degree groove on 15vol.% SiCp/2009 aluminum alloy composite material, ultrasonically cleaning with acetone to remove oil and dirt, polishing with sand to remove oxide skin, performing sand blasting roughening treatment, cleaning, and drying for later use.
(2) And (3) coating the groove of the SiCp/Al composite material with the concentration of 15vol.% after the treatment in the step (1) with a Ni foil for later use, wherein the thickness of the Ni foil is 0.02mm.
(3) Sieving the alloy powder Al and Si, wherein the particle size of the powder is 140-300 meshes. The alloy powder comprises the following components in percentage by atom: 7.44 percent of Al,92.56 percent of Si, the total sum is 100 percent, and the purity of each component is more than or equal to 99.9 weight percent. Alloy powder is prepared according to the proportion, ball milling is carried out for 3 hours in a planetary ball mill, the ball milling rotating speed is 240r/min, and then the alloy powder is dried for 2.5 hours in a vacuum drying oven at 60 ℃.
(4) Blowing the alloy powder obtained in the step (3) to the back of the SiCp/Al composite material treated in the step (2) by using a coaxial powder feeding device to carry out laser powder filling welding, wherein the technological parameters are as follows: the laser power is 1000W, the scanning speed is 5mm/min, the powder feeding rate is 6g/min, and the light spot size is 1.8mm.
(5) And (3) carrying out laser powder filling welding on the front surface of the SiCp/Al composite material obtained in the step (4) by utilizing a coaxial powder feeding device, wherein the technological parameters are as follows: the laser power is 1000W, the scanning speed is 5mm/min, the powder feeding rate is 6g/min, and the light spot size is 1.8mm.
The weld obtained by the embodiment has good macroscopic morphology and no defects such as air hole inclusion and the like. Grey blocky tissue was produced in the weld and no elongated tissue was observed.
Example 4
In this embodiment, the laser powder filling welding method for the aluminum matrix composite material, which effectively reduces the dilution of the base metal, comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) cutting a 45-degree groove on 15vol.% SiCp/2009 aluminum alloy composite material, ultrasonically cleaning with acetone to remove oil and dirt, polishing with sand to remove oxide skin, performing sand blasting roughening treatment, cleaning, and drying for later use.
(2) And (3) coating the 15vol.% SiCp/Al composite material treated in the step (1) with a Ni foil for later use, wherein the thickness of the Ni foil is 0.02mm.
(3) Sieving alloy powder Ti, si and Al to obtain powder of 140-300 mesh size. The alloy powder contains 72.36% of Ti,14.07% of Si and 13.57% of Al by atomic percentage, the sum is 100%, and the purity of each component is more than or equal to 99.9wt%. Alloy powder is prepared according to the proportion, ball milling is carried out for 3 hours in a planetary ball mill, the ball milling rotating speed is 240r/min, and then the alloy powder is dried for 2.5 hours in a vacuum drying oven at 60 ℃.
(4) Blowing the alloy powder obtained in the step (3) to the front surface of the SiCp/Al composite material obtained in the step (2) by using a coaxial powder feeding device to carry out laser welding, wherein the technological parameters are as follows: the welding power is 1400W, the scanning speed is 240mm/min, the powder feeding speed is 12g/min, and the light spot size is 1.8mm.
As shown in FIG. 5, the weld microstructure obtained in this example, knotsThe result showed that a lumpy gray texture was formed in the weld, and no elongated texture was observed. As shown in FIG. 6, the element distribution of the weld joint is obtained, and the result shows that the gray massive structure generated by the weld joint is Ni 3 An Al compound.
The implementation result shows that when the laser powder filling welding is performed, the metal Ni foil is used for coating the base metal, so that not only is the absorption of the base metal to laser energy reduced, but also the diffusion dilution of the base metal into the welding seam is effectively prevented, and the intermetallic compound Al is prevented 4 C 3 Is generated. Ni element provided by the metal Ni foil and Al generate gray bulk structure Ni 3 Compounds such as Al; in addition, ni also improves the activity of carbon in the aluminum alloy melt, thereby inhibiting acicular intermetallic compound Al 4 C 3 And (3) the production of the welding line is improved.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention, not for limiting the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made by one of ordinary skill in the relevant art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and therefore, all equivalent technical solutions are also within the scope of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims.
Claims (9)
1. The aluminum-based composite material laser powder filling welding method for effectively reducing the dilution of a base metal by covering a groove with foil is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) Different grooves are formed on the welding position of the SiCp/Al aluminum-based composite material, oil and dirt are removed by ultrasonic cleaning, oxide skin is removed by polishing, and the SiCp/Al aluminum-based composite material is roughened by sand blasting, and is cleaned and dried for later use;
2) Coating the SiCp/Al aluminum-based composite material groove treated in the step 1) with a Ni foil for later use;
3) Sieving alloy powder Al and Si, wherein the particle size of the powder is 140-300 meshes; the alloy powder comprises the following components in percentage by atom: 7.44% Al,92.56% Si, the sum being 100%; the alloy powder contains 72.36 percent of Ti,14.07 percent of Si and 13.57 percent of Al by atom percentage, and the sum is 100 percent; preparing alloy powder according to the proportion, ball milling for 2-4 hours at the ball milling rotating speed of 150-250 r/min, and then drying in a vacuum drying oven at 50-70 ℃ for 2-3 hours;
4) Carrying out laser powder filling welding on the back of the SiCp/Al aluminum-based composite material treated in the step 2) by using a coaxial powder feeding device, wherein the technological parameters are as follows: the welding power is 800-1500W, the scanning speed is 3-240 mm/min, the powder feeding speed is 5-15 g/min, and the light spot size is 1.8-2.0 mm;
5) Carrying out laser powder filling welding on the front groove of the SiCp/Al aluminum-based composite material obtained in the step 4) by using a coaxial powder feeding device, wherein the technological parameters are as follows: the welding power is 800-1500W, the scanning speed is 3-240 mm/min, the powder feeding speed is 5-15 g/min, and the laser spot size is 1.8-2.0 mm.
2. The method for laser powder filling welding of the aluminum-based composite material, which is characterized in that the groove foil coating effectively reduces the dilution of the base material, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the SiCp/Al aluminum-based composite material in the step 1) has the SiC content of 10-30 vol%.
3. The method for laser powder filling welding of the aluminum-based composite material, which is characterized in that the groove foil coating effectively reduces the dilution of the base material, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step 1), a groove of 0-60 degrees is formed at the welding position of the SiCp/Al aluminum-based composite material.
4. The method for laser powder filling welding of the aluminum-based composite material, which is characterized in that the groove foil coating effectively reduces the dilution of the base material, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step 2), the thickness of the Ni foil is 0.01-0.5 mm.
5. The method for laser powder filling welding of the aluminum-based composite material, which is characterized in that the groove foil coating effectively reduces the dilution of the base material, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step 3), the purity of the Al, si and Ti of the alloy powder is more than or equal to 99.9wt%.
6. The method for laser powder filling welding of the aluminum-based composite material, which is characterized in that the groove foil coating effectively reduces the dilution of the base material, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step 4), the laser powder filling welding process parameters are as follows: the laser power is 800-1500W, the scanning speed is 3-240 mm/min, the powder feeding rate is 5-10 g/min, and the light spot size is 1.8-2.0 mm.
7. The method for laser powder filling welding of the aluminum-based composite material, which is characterized in that the groove foil coating effectively reduces the dilution of the base material, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: after the welding in the step 4), the laser powder filling welding of the SiCp/Al aluminum matrix composite material is realized, and the dilution of the base metal is reduced.
8. The method for laser powder filling welding of the aluminum-based composite material, which is characterized in that the groove foil coating effectively reduces the dilution of the base material, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step 5), the laser welding process parameters are as follows: the laser power is 800-1500W, the scanning speed is 3-240 mm/min, the powder feeding speed is 5-10 g/min, and the laser spot size is 1.8-2.0 mm.
9. The method for laser powder filling welding of the aluminum-based composite material, which is characterized in that the groove foil coating effectively reduces the dilution of the base material, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: after the welding in the step 5), the laser powder filling welding of the SiCp/Al aluminum-based composite material is realized, and the brittle compound Al is avoided 4 C 3 And the performance of the welding seam is improved.
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