CN114143924B - Heating temperature sensing layer, carbonized fabric-based flexible heating element, and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Heating temperature sensing layer, carbonized fabric-based flexible heating element, and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114143924B CN114143924B CN202111446332.9A CN202111446332A CN114143924B CN 114143924 B CN114143924 B CN 114143924B CN 202111446332 A CN202111446332 A CN 202111446332A CN 114143924 B CN114143924 B CN 114143924B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
- H05B3/342—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heaters used in textiles
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
- D06C7/00—Heating or cooling textile fabrics
- D06C7/04—Carbonising or oxidising
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/564—Polyureas, polyurethanes or other polymers having ureide or urethane links; Precondensation products forming them
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Abstract
The invention discloses a heating temperature-sensing layer, a carbonized fabric-based flexible heating element, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the heating temperature-sensing layer comprises a secondary carbonized fabric, a temperature sensor arranged on the surface of the secondary carbonized fabric in an insulating way, and two electrodes electrically connected with the secondary carbonized fabric, wherein each electrode is connected with a lead, the heating temperature-sensing layer adopts the combination of the carbonized fabric and a polymer material to improve the strength and flexibility of the carbonized fabric, the prepared flexible heating element has soft hand feeling and good conductivity, and the heating temperature-sensing layer has good heating uniformity and durability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of heating elements, in particular to a heating temperature sensing layer, a carbonized fabric-based flexible heating element, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
In cold environment, people usually adopt passive heat-blocking traditional warm-keeping products to resist severe cold, but the products are thick, heavy and bloated, have limited cold-resisting effect and also influence the comfort and the beauty of wearing. The flexible electric heating element capable of actively generating heat generates heat by utilizing the principle of Joule heating, and the safety and the comfort of heating clothes are directly influenced by the performance of the flexible electric heating element.
The common flexible heating elements in the market are usually made of wire (such as stainless steel wires and silver-plated yarns) and carbon fibers and other linear conductive materials through weaving, knitting, embroidering and other manners, but such heating elements are easy to bend and break in the weaving and using processes, have poor durability, and need to be improved in heating uniformity. Related researchers also research and develop flexible heating elements using graphene, polypyrrole, carbon nanotubes, silver nanowires and the like as conductive heating materials, but the preparation process of the heating elements is complex and high in cost, and the problems of safety and environmental protection exist, so that the application prospect of the heating elements is influenced. Common textile materials are good in conductivity after carbonization, and researchers apply the common textile materials to the fields of sensors, supercapacitors, electrodes and the like. The carbonized fabric takes common textile materials as raw materials, and has simple preparation process and low cost. In addition, the conductivity of the carbonized fabric can meet the requirement of the heating element on conductive materials, and the carbonized fabric can be used as a planar heating body of a flexible heating element. In view of the above, there is a need for a method of making a flexible heating element based on a carbonized fabric.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a heating temperature sensing layer aiming at the problems that a flexible heating element in the prior art is easy to bend and break, poor in durability, and the heating uniformity needs to be improved.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the heating temperature sensing layer.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a carbonized fabric-based flexible heating element based on the warming layer.
Another object of the invention is to provide a use of the carbonized fabric-based flexible heating element.
The technical scheme adopted for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
a heating temperature sensing layer comprises a secondary carbonization textile, a temperature sensor arranged on the surface of the secondary carbonization textile in an insulating way, and two electrodes electrically connected with the secondary carbonization textile, wherein each electrode is connected with a conducting wire, and the secondary carbonization textile is prepared by the following method:
step 3, obtaining a secondary treatment carbonized fabric by adopting laser scanning; or, after the polymer/carbonized fabric is carbonized at high temperature again, coating the carbonized fabric with a polymer or a polymer solution or soaking the carbonized fabric in vacuum and drying the carbonized fabric to obtain a carbonized fabric subjected to secondary treatment;
the electrode is provided by the steps of:
arranging two electrodes on the surface of the secondary treatment carbonized fabric obtained in the step 3, and placing a temperature sensor on the surface of the secondary treatment carbonized fabric in an insulating way to obtain a heating temperature sensing layer;
or arranging two electrodes on the surface of the carbonized fabric obtained in the step 1, then performing the step 2 and the step 3, and after the step 3 is completed, insulating the temperature sensor on the surface of the secondary treated carbonized fabric to obtain the heating temperature layer.
In the above technical solution, the fabric in step 1 is made of natural fiber fabric, regenerated cellulose fiber fabric or acrylic fabric, the weave structure of the fabric is woven fabric, knitted fabric or non-woven fabric, and the natural fiber fabric is preferably cotton fabric.
In the technical scheme, the pretreatment method in the step 1 comprises the steps of carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the fabric in acetone for 0.5-1h, cleaning the fabric with absolute ethyl alcohol and distilled water to remove organic substances and impurities, carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the fabric with distilled water for 10-20min, and drying the fabric at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ for 4-8h for later use; the device for high-temperature carbonization treatment is a tubular furnace, the carbonization temperature is 800-1200 ℃, the heating rate is 3-5 ℃/min, the heat preservation time is 1-2h, nitrogen or argon is continuously introduced in the carbonization process, and the drying condition in the steps 1 and 3 is vacuum drying for 2h at 80 ℃.
In the above technical solution, in the step 2, when the polymer is one of thermoplastic polyurethane, aqueous polyurethane, polydimethylsiloxane or platinum-catalyzed silicone rubber, the polymer/carbonized fabric is scanned by laser in the step 3, preferably, the power of the laser scanning is 1kw, the speed of the laser scanning is 3mm/s, and the frequency of the laser scanning is 16hz;
when the polymer in the step 2 is a carbonizable polymer, preferably, the carbonizable polymer is polyacrylonitrile, and the step 3 is to perform high-temperature carbonization treatment on the polymer/carbonized fabric and then coat the fabric with a polymer solution or perform vacuum soaking on the fabric.
In the above technical solution, when the polymer is thermoplastic polyurethane, the solution of the polymer is an N, N-dimethylformamide solution with a mass fraction of thermoplastic polyurethane of 2% -8%, and the N, N-dimethylformamide solution of thermoplastic polyurethane is prepared by the following method: mixing thermoplastic polyurethane and N, N-dimethylformamide, and continuously stirring in a magnetic stirring water bath kettle at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ for 8-10h to obtain an N, N-dimethylformamide solution of the thermoplastic polyurethane; step 2, soaking the carbonized fabric in a thermoplastic polyurethane solution for 3-5min by adopting a multi-time soaking-drying method, taking out the carbonized fabric, placing the carbonized fabric on a glass plate, drying the glass plate at 70-80 ℃ for 3-5min, repeating the step for 3 times, and then drying the carbonized fabric soaked with the thermoplastic polyurethane at 70-80 ℃ for 2-4h in vacuum to prepare the thermoplastic polyurethane/carbonized fabric;
when the polymer is waterborne polyurethane, the step 2 is to use a film coating machine to scrape and coat the waterborne polyurethane on the surface of the carbonized fabric in a mode that one side is scraped and the other side is not scraped, the waterborne polyurethane/carbonized fabric is obtained after the waterborne polyurethane is cured, when the electrode is arranged, the electrode is arranged on the side where the waterborne polyurethane is not scraped, and the temperature sensor is also arranged on the side where the waterborne polyurethane is not scraped;
and when the polymer is the platinum-catalyzed silicon rubber, combining the platinum-catalyzed silicon rubber and the carbonized fabric in a coating or dipping mode in the step 2, and curing in a rubber dropping mold to obtain the platinum-catalyzed silicon rubber/carbonized fabric.
In the technical scheme, the electrode is a red copper foil or a copper foil packaged by a polyimide film, the electrode is bonded on the secondary treatment carbonized fabric or carbonized fabric through conductive silver adhesive, and the electrode is electrically connected with the secondary treatment carbonized fabric or carbonized fabric;
the temperature sensor with secondary treatment carbonization fabric insulation is connected, temperature sensor's temperature sensitive material is temperature sensitive printing ink, temperature sensor's temperature sensitive layer adopts the technology of some glue, blade coating or spin coating to prepare on the polyimide film, the electrode adopts the mode preparation of the electrically conductive silver thick liquid of screen printing, the polyimide film plays the effect of basement and insulating layer.
In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a heating temperature-sensitive layer, the method including the steps of:
a1, pretreating a fabric, and then carbonizing the pretreated fabric at a high temperature to obtain a carbonized fabric;
step A2, coating or vacuum-soaking the carbonized fabric by using a polymer or a polymer solution, and drying to obtain a polymer/carbonized fabric;
step A3, scanning the polymer/carbonized fabric by laser to obtain a secondary treated carbonized fabric; or, coating or vacuum-soaking the polymer/carbonized fabric after high-temperature carbonization treatment again by using a polymer or a polymer solution, and performing vacuum drying at 80 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain a secondary-treatment carbonized fabric;
step A4, arranging two electrodes on the surface of the secondary treatment carbonized fabric, wherein each electrode is electrically connected with the secondary treatment carbonized fabric, each electrode is connected with a lead, and a temperature sensor is arranged on the surface of the secondary treatment carbonized fabric in an insulating way to prepare a heating temperature sensing layer;
or the method comprises the following steps:
b1, pretreating the fabric, and then carbonizing the pretreated fabric at high temperature to obtain a carbonized fabric;
step B2, arranging two electrodes on the surface of the carbonized fabric obtained in the step B1, wherein each electrode is electrically connected with the carbonized fabric, and each electrode is connected with a lead;
step B3, coating or vacuum-soaking the carbonized fabric by using a polymer or a polymer solution, and drying to obtain a polymer/carbonized fabric;
b4, scanning the polymer/carbonized fabric by adopting laser to obtain a secondary treated carbonized fabric; or, coating or vacuum-soaking the polymer/carbonized fabric after high-temperature carbonization treatment again by using a polymer or a polymer solution, and performing vacuum drying at 80 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain a secondary-treatment carbonized fabric; and (3) placing a temperature sensor on the surface of the secondary treatment carbonized fabric in an insulating way to prepare a heating temperature sensing layer.
In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a flexible heating element comprising a substrate, a cover fabric and a heating temperature sensitive layer according to claim 1 secured between the substrate and the cover fabric;
preferably, the base and the cover fabric are woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, non-woven fabrics or film materials.
In the above technical solution, the carbonized fabric-based flexible heating element is prepared by the following steps:
step S1, covering the surface of a substrate with a hot melt adhesive or an adhesive lining, the heating temperature sensing layer, the hot melt adhesive or the adhesive lining and a covering fabric in sequence to form a composite layer; preferably, the hot melt adhesive is one of polyamide, polyester, polyethylene and polyester amide hot melt adhesives; the adhesive interlining is a double-sided adhesive tape non-woven adhesive interlining, and the gram weight is 20-40g/m 2 (ii) a After the cutting sizes of the substrate, the hot melt adhesive or the adhesive lining and the covering fabric are consistent, preparing a composite layer, wherein the length and the width of the composite layer are 2-4cm larger than those of the heating temperature sensing layer, and the edges in all directions are 1-2cm used for fixing a heating element;
or step S1, the substrate and the covering fabric both adopt single-sided adhesive linings, and the surfaces of the single-sided adhesive linings serving as the substrate are sequentially covered with the heating temperature layer and the single-sided adhesive linings serving as the covering fabric to form a composite layer;
or step S1, sequentially stacking the substrate, the heating temperature layer and the covering fabric to form a composite layer by virtue of the viscosity of the polymer in the heating temperature layer;
and S2, adhering and fixing the composite layer by adopting a hot pressing method to form the carbonized fabric-based flexible heating element, preferably, the hot pressing adhesion is finished by a hot press, the hot pressing frequency is 1-2 times, the hot pressing temperature is 120-170 ℃, and the hot pressing time is 3-30S.
In another aspect of the invention, there is provided a use of the flexible heating element, wherein the flexible heating element is detachably or non-detachably used;
when the electric heating clothes and garment are detachably applied, the heating element is fixed on the electric heating clothes and garment by installing the snap fasteners or the buttons at the edge of the heating element;
when the heating element is not detachably applied, the heating element is fixed on the electric heating clothes through sewing the edge of the heating element.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the heating temperature sensing layer of the invention adopts the combination of the carbonized fabric and the polymer material to improve the strength and flexibility of the carbonized fabric, the prepared flexible heating element has soft hand feeling and good electric conductivity, and the heating temperature sensing layer is a planar heating element, thereby improving the heating uniformity and durability of the heating temperature sensing layer.
2. The carbonized fabric-based flexible heating element takes the carbonized fabric as the conductive heating material, is an innovation in the field of conductive heating materials, has rich sources of the fabric required by carbonization and low price, does not need expensive equipment and materials in the process of preparing the heating element, and has low research and development cost.
3. The flexible heating element based on the carbonized fabric can be fixed on heating clothes in a sewing (non-detachable) and snap-fastener (detachable) mode, and diversified use requirements of users are met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart for preparing a warming layer.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the preparation of a warming layer.
Fig. 3 is an SEM image of the carbonized fabric.
Fig. 4 is a flow diagram of a process for making a carbonized fabric-based flexible heating element.
Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a carbonized fabric-based flexible heating element.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a carbonized fabric-based flexible heating element.
Figure 7 is a schematic view of the manner in which the carbonized fabric-based flexible heating element is secured.
FIG. 8 is an SEM image of a double-carbonized fabric
Fig. 9A is a thermal infrared image of a carbonized fabric-based flexible heating element, fig. 9B is a three-dimensional infrared temperature map, and fig. 9C is a cross-sectional view.
In the figure: 1-covering fabric, 2-hot melt adhesive or adhesive liner, 3-temperature sensor, 4-electrode, 5-secondary treatment carbonized fabric, 6-substrate, 7-fabric to be carbonized, 8-carbonized fabric, 9-thermoplastic polyurethane solution, 10-glass plate, 11-polymer/carbonized fabric, 12-heating temperature-sensing layer, 13-wire, 14-snap fastener, 15-sewing thread.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a heating temperature-sensing layer comprises a secondary carbonized fabric 5, a temperature sensor 3 insulated from the surface of the secondary carbonized fabric 5, and two electrodes 4 electrically connected to the secondary carbonized fabric 5, wherein each electrode 4 is connected with a conducting wire 13, and the secondary carbonized fabric 5 is prepared by the following method:
step 3, scanning the polymer/carbonized fabric 11 by adopting laser to obtain a secondary treated carbonized fabric 5;
or, step 3, coating the polymer/carbonized fabric 11 with a polymer solution or soaking the fabric in vacuum after high-temperature carbonization treatment to obtain a secondary treated carbonized fabric 5;
the electrode is provided by the steps of:
and (4) after the step (3) is finished, arranging two electrodes (4) on the surface of the secondary treatment carbonized fabric (5), connecting a lead (13) to each electrode (4), and placing the temperature sensor (3) on the surface of the secondary treatment carbonized fabric (5) in an insulating way to obtain a heating temperature sensing layer. The temperature sensor 3 is connected with the carbonized fabric 8 in an insulating way and used for monitoring the temperature of the heating element in real time; preferably, the temperature-sensitive material of the temperature sensor 3 is temperature-sensitive ink, a temperature-sensitive layer is prepared on the polyimide film by adopting a dispensing process, and the electrode 4 is prepared by adopting a screen printing conductive silver paste mode.
Or arranging two electrodes 4 on the surface of the carbonized fabric 7 obtained in the step 1, then performing the step 2 and the step 3, and after the step 3 is completed, insulating the temperature sensor 3 on the surface of the secondary treated carbonized fabric 11 to prepare the heating temperature sensing layer.
Example 2
On the basis of example 1, as shown in fig. 2, the pretreatment in step 1 is carried out by subjecting the fabric 7 to be carbonized to ultrasonic treatment in acetone for 1 hour, then repeatedly washing the fabric with absolute ethanol and distilled water to remove organic substances and impurities, subjecting the fabric to ultrasonic treatment with distilled water for 10min, and then drying the fabric at 60 ℃ for 6 hours for standby.
In this embodiment, the fabric selected in step 1 is a cotton fabric, and the weave structure of the fabric is a plain woven fabric. The carbonized fabric 8 is obtained by high-temperature carbonization in a tube furnace, and the carbonization process parameters are as follows: the carbonization temperature is 1000 ℃, the heating rate is 3 ℃/min, the heat preservation time is 1h, nitrogen is continuously introduced in the carbonization process, the SEM image of the carbonized cotton fabric 8 is shown in figure 3, and the tissue structure of the carbonized cotton fabric still keeps complete.
When the polymer in step 2 is made of the following different materials, the specific modes of step 2, step 3 and the arrangement of the electrode 4 are as follows:
2.1 the polymer is a thermoplastic polyurethane
In the step 2, the polymer is thermoplastic polyurethane, the thermoplastic polyurethane solution 9 prepared from the thermoplastic polyurethane is prepared by dissolving the thermoplastic polyurethane with N, N-dimethylformamide, the mass fraction of the thermoplastic polyurethane in the thermoplastic polyurethane solution 9 is 4%, and the thermoplastic polyurethane and the N, N-dimethylformamide are mixed and then continuously stirred for 8 hours in a magnetic stirring water bath kettle at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain the thermoplastic polyurethane solution 9.
The thermoplastic polyurethane solution 9 is used for preparing the thermoplastic polyurethane/carbonized fabric 11, the carbonized fabric 8 is soaked in the thermoplastic polyurethane solution 9 for 3min by adopting a multi-time dipping-drying method, then the carbonized fabric is taken out and placed on a glass plate 10 to be dried for 3min at 80 ℃, the step is repeated for 3 times, and then the carbonized fabric dipped with the thermoplastic polyurethane is dried for 2h under vacuum at 80 ℃.
In step 3, as shown in fig. 8, the thermoplastic polyurethane/carbonized fabric is scanned by laser with a scanning power of 1kw, a scanning speed of 3mm/s and a frequency of 16hz, and a secondary-treated carbonized fabric 5 is obtained.
And (3) arranging two electrodes 4 at two end parts of the surface of the secondary treatment carbonized fabric 5 respectively after the electrodes 4 are made of common red copper foil, bonding the electrodes 4 by conductive silver adhesive, electrically connecting the electrodes 4 with the secondary treatment carbonized fabric 5, fixing two copper wire leads 14 to the electrodes, connecting the electrodes with a switch or a power supply, and fixing the part of the lead 14 extending out of the heating element together by a wire pressing clamp and a wire pressing buckle. When the electrode is arranged, the electrode is arranged on one side which is not coated with the waterborne polyurethane, and the temperature sensor is also arranged on one side which is not coated with the waterborne polyurethane.
2.2 when the polymer is an aqueous polyurethane (Brookfield viscosity of from 20 to 1500 mPas)
And 2, coating the surface of the carbonized fabric with the waterborne polyurethane by using a coating machine in a mode of blade coating on one surface and non-blade coating on the other surface, and curing the waterborne polyurethane to obtain the waterborne polyurethane/carbonized fabric.
In step 3, the waterborne polyurethane/carbonized fabric is scanned by laser, the scanning power is 1kw, the scanning speed is 3mm/s, and the frequency is 16hz.
The electrodes 4 are made of copper foils packaged by polyimide films, after the step 3 is completed, two electrodes 4 are arranged at two end portions of the surface of the secondary treatment carbonized fabric 5 respectively, the electrodes 4 are bonded by conductive silver adhesive, the electrodes 4 are electrically connected with the secondary treatment carbonized fabric 5, two copper wire leads 14 are fixed to the electrodes 4 and can be connected with a switch or a power supply, and the portions, extending out of the heating element, of the leads 14 are fixed together through a wire pressing clamp and a wire pressing buckle.
2.3 when the polymer is when the platinum catalyzed silicone rubber (mixed viscosity of 3000 cps)
After the step 1 is finished, arranging two electrodes 4 on the surface of the obtained carbonized fabric 7, bonding the electrodes 4 by conductive silver adhesive, fixing two copper wires 14 on the electrodes 4, connecting the electrodes 4 with a switch or a power supply, and fixing the part of the wires 14 extending out of the heating element together by a wire pressing clamp and a wire pressing buckle.
And 2, combining the platinum catalytic silicone rubber and the carbonized fabric in a coating or dipping manner, and curing in a glue dripping mold to obtain the platinum catalytic silicone rubber/carbonized fabric.
In the step 3, laser scanning is adopted to scan the platinum-catalyzed silicon rubber/carbonized fabric, the scanning power is 1kw, the scanning speed is 3mm/s, the frequency is 16hz, and the platinum-catalyzed silicon rubber/carbonized fabric can be directly used as a heating temperature sensing layer after being placed in a temperature sensor.
Example 3
3.1
A carbonized fabric-based flexible heating element based on the heating temperature sensing layer, as shown in fig. 4, comprising the following steps:
step S1, covering the surface of a substrate 6 with a hot melt adhesive or an adhesive lining 2, a heating temperature sensing layer 12, the hot melt adhesive or the adhesive lining 2 and a covering fabric 1 in sequence to form a composite layer, or covering the surface of the substrate 6 and the covering fabric 1 with a single-sided adhesive lining in sequence, and covering the surface of the single-sided adhesive lining with the heating temperature sensing layer 12 and the single-sided adhesive lining in sequence to form the composite layer.
And S2, adopting a hot pressing method to bond and fix the composite layer to form the carbonized fabric-based flexible heating element.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 5-6, a substrate 6 and a covering fabric 1 are provided, the surface of the substrate 6 is sequentially covered with an adhesive lining 2, a heating layer 12, the adhesive lining 2 and the covering fabric 1, the substrate 6, the adhesive lining 2 and the covering fabric 1 are cut to be consistent in size, the length and the width of the adhesive lining 2 are 2cm larger than those of a carbonized fabric 8, 1cm of edges in each direction can be used for fixing a heating element without damaging a heating area, and the substrate 6 and the covering fabric 1 are made of polyester fabrics; the adhesive interlining 2 is a double-sided adhesive tape non-woven adhesive interlining, and the gram weight is 30g/m 2 (ii) a The hot-pressing adhesion is completed by a hot press, the hot-pressing frequency is 1 time, the hot-pressing temperature is 140 ℃, the hot-pressing time is 10s, and the heating effect is shown in figure 9The carbonized fabric-based flexible heating element is a surface heating material, and can uniformly heat in a surface shape under the condition of 7V voltage, wherein the maximum surface equilibrium temperature can reach 71.64 ℃, and the carbonized fabric-based flexible heating element has an excellent heating effect.
3.2
When the carbonized fabric-based flexible heating element is prepared from the heating temperature sensing layer prepared in example 2.3, the following steps are adopted:
the uncured platinum catalytic silicone rubber has good adhesiveness, so that the uncured platinum catalytic silicone rubber/carbonized fabric can be directly combined with the substrate and the covering fabric to form a composite layer, and the composite layer is bonded and fixed by adopting a hot-pressing method to prepare the carbonized fabric-based flexible heating element.
Example 4
The use of a flexible heating element based on a carbonized fabric, as shown in fig. 7, as follows,
the detachable use mode of the carbonized fabric-based flexible heating element is as follows: it is secured to the electrically heated apparel by fitting snap fasteners 14 at the edges of the heating element;
the non-detachable use mode of the carbonized fabric-based flexible heating element is as follows: the heating element is secured to the electrically heated garment by sewing the edges of the heating element with sewing thread 15.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The heating temperature-sensing layer is characterized by comprising a secondary carbonized fabric, a temperature sensor arranged on the surface of the secondary carbonized fabric in an insulating way, and two electrodes electrically connected with the secondary carbonized fabric, wherein each electrode is connected with a conducting wire, and the secondary carbonized fabric is prepared by the following method:
step 1, pretreating a fabric, and then carrying out high-temperature carbonization treatment on the pretreated fabric to obtain a carbonized fabric;
step 2, coating or vacuum-soaking the carbonized fabric by using a polymer or a polymer solution, and drying to obtain a polymer/carbonized fabric;
step 3, obtaining a secondary treatment carbonized fabric by adopting laser scanning; or, after the polymer/carbonized fabric is carbonized at high temperature again, coating the carbonized fabric with a polymer or a polymer solution or soaking the carbonized fabric in vacuum and drying the carbonized fabric to obtain a carbonized fabric subjected to secondary treatment;
the electrode is arranged by:
arranging two electrodes on the surface of the secondary treatment carbonized fabric obtained in the step 3, and placing a temperature sensor on the surface of the secondary treatment carbonized fabric in an insulating way to prepare a heating temperature sensing layer;
or arranging two electrodes on the surface of the carbonized fabric obtained in the step 1, then performing the step 2 and the step 3, and after the step 3 is finished, insulating the temperature sensor on the surface of the secondarily treated carbonized fabric to obtain the heating temperature layer.
2. The heating temperature-sensing layer according to claim 1, wherein the constituent material of the fabric in step 1 is a natural fiber fabric, a regenerated cellulose fiber fabric or an acrylic fabric, the weave structure of the fabric is a woven fabric, a knitted fabric or a non-woven fabric, and the natural fiber fabric is a cotton fabric.
3. The heated temperature-sensitive layer of claim 1, wherein the pre-treatment in step 1 is carried out by ultrasonic treating the fabric in acetone for 0.5-1h, washing the fabric with absolute ethanol and distilled water to remove organic substances and impurities, ultrasonic treating with distilled water for 10-20min, and drying at 60-80 ℃ for 4-8 h; the device for high-temperature carbonization treatment is a tubular furnace, the carbonization temperature is 800-1200 ℃, the heating rate is 3-5 ℃/min, the heat preservation time is 1-2h, nitrogen or argon is continuously introduced in the carbonization process, and the drying condition in the steps 1 and 3 is vacuum drying for 2h at 80 ℃.
4. The heated temperature-sensitive layer of claim 1, wherein in step 2, when the polymer is one of thermoplastic polyurethane, aqueous polyurethane, polydimethylsiloxane or platinum-catalyzed silicone rubber, in step 3, the polymer/carbonized fabric is scanned with a laser at a power of 1kw, a speed of 3mm/s and a frequency of 16hz;
when the polymer in the step 2 is a carbonizable polymer, the carbonizable polymer is polyacrylonitrile, and in the step 3, the polymer/carbonized fabric is subjected to high-temperature carbonization treatment and then is coated with a polymer solution or is soaked in vacuum.
5. A heating warming layer according to claim 4 wherein when said polymer is a thermoplastic polyurethane, said solution of polymer is a 2% to 8% by weight solution of thermoplastic polyurethane in N, N-dimethylformamide, the solution of thermoplastic polyurethane in N, N-dimethylformamide being prepared by: mixing thermoplastic polyurethane and N, N-dimethylformamide, and continuously stirring in a magnetic stirring water bath kettle at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ for 8-10h to obtain an N, N-dimethylformamide solution of the thermoplastic polyurethane; step 2, soaking the carbonized fabric in a thermoplastic polyurethane solution for 3-5min by adopting a multi-time soaking-drying method, taking out the carbonized fabric, placing the carbonized fabric on a glass plate, drying the glass plate at 70-80 ℃ for 3-5min, repeating the step for 3 times, and then drying the carbonized fabric soaked with the thermoplastic polyurethane at 70-80 ℃ for 2-4h in vacuum to prepare the thermoplastic polyurethane/carbonized fabric;
when the polymer is waterborne polyurethane, in the step 2, a film coating machine is used for coating the surface of the carbonized fabric in a mode that one surface of the carbonized fabric is coated with blade coating and the other surface of the carbonized fabric is not coated with blade coating, the waterborne polyurethane/carbonized fabric is obtained after the waterborne polyurethane is cured, when the electrode is arranged, the electrode is arranged on the surface which is not coated with blade coating of waterborne polyurethane, and the temperature sensor is also arranged on the surface which is not coated with blade coating of waterborne polyurethane;
and when the polymer is the platinum-catalyzed silicon rubber, combining the platinum-catalyzed silicon rubber and the carbonized fabric in a coating or dipping mode in the step 2, and curing in a rubber dropping mold to obtain the platinum-catalyzed silicon rubber/carbonized fabric.
6. The heated temperature-sensitive layer according to claim 1, wherein the electrode is a copper foil encapsulated with a red copper foil or a polyimide film, the electrode is bonded to the secondary-treated carbonized fabric or the carbonized fabric by a conductive silver paste, and the electrode is electrically connected to the secondary-treated carbonized fabric or the carbonized fabric;
the temperature sensor is in insulation connection with the secondary treatment carbonized fabric, the temperature-sensitive material of the temperature sensor is temperature-sensitive ink, the temperature-sensitive layer of the temperature sensor is prepared on a polyimide film by adopting the processes of dispensing, blade coating or spin coating, and the electrode is prepared by adopting a screen printing conductive silver paste mode.
7. A method for preparing a heating temperature sensing layer, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a1, pretreating a fabric, and then carbonizing the pretreated fabric at a high temperature to obtain a carbonized fabric;
step A2, coating or vacuum-soaking the carbonized fabric by using a polymer or a polymer solution, and drying to obtain a polymer/carbonized fabric;
step A3, scanning the polymer/carbonized fabric by laser to obtain a secondary treated carbonized fabric; or, coating or vacuum soaking the polymer/carbonized fabric with a polymer or a polymer solution after high-temperature carbonization treatment again, and performing vacuum drying at 80 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain a secondary treated carbonized fabric;
step A4, arranging two electrodes on the surface of the secondary treatment carbonized fabric, wherein each electrode is electrically connected with the secondary treatment carbonized fabric, each electrode is connected with a lead, and a temperature sensor is arranged on the surface of the secondary treatment carbonized fabric in an insulating way to prepare a heating temperature sensing layer;
or the method comprises the following steps:
b1, pretreating the fabric, and then carbonizing the pretreated fabric at high temperature to obtain a carbonized fabric;
step B2, arranging two electrodes on the surface of the carbonized fabric obtained in the step B1, wherein each electrode is electrically connected with the carbonized fabric, and each electrode is connected with a lead;
step B3, coating or vacuum-soaking the carbonized fabric by using a polymer or a polymer solution, and drying to obtain a polymer/carbonized fabric;
b4, scanning the polymer/carbonized fabric by adopting laser to obtain a secondary treated carbonized fabric; or, coating or vacuum soaking the polymer/carbonized fabric after high-temperature carbonization treatment again by using a polymer or a polymer solution, carrying out vacuum drying for 2 hours at 80 ℃ to obtain a secondary treatment carbonized fabric, and placing a temperature sensor on the surface of the secondary treatment carbonized fabric in an insulating way to obtain a heating temperature sensing layer.
8. A flexible heating element based on a carbonised fabric comprising a substrate, a cover fabric and a heated temperature sensitive layer according to claim 1 secured between the substrate and cover fabric;
the base and the covering fabric are made of woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, non-woven fabrics or thin films.
9. A carbonized fabric-based flexible heating element as claimed in claim 8, prepared by the steps of:
step S1, covering the surface of a substrate with a hot melt adhesive or an adhesive lining, the heating temperature sensing layer, the hot melt adhesive or the adhesive lining and a covering fabric in sequence to form a composite layer; the hot melt adhesive is one of polyamide, polyester, polyethylene and polyester amide hot melt adhesives; the adhesive interlining is a double-sided adhesive tape non-woven adhesive interlining, and the gram weight is 20-40g/m 2 (ii) a After the substrate, the hot melt adhesive or the adhesive lining and the covering fabric are cut to be consistent in size, preparing a composite layer, wherein the length and the width of the composite layer are 2-4cm larger than those of the heating temperature sensing layer, and the edges of the composite layer in each direction are 1-2cm used for fixing a heating element;
or step S1, the substrate and the covering fabric both adopt single-sided adhesive linings, and the surfaces of the single-sided adhesive linings serving as the substrate are sequentially covered with the heating temperature layer and the single-sided adhesive linings serving as the covering fabric to form a composite layer;
or step S1, sequentially stacking the substrate, the heating temperature layer and the covering fabric to form a composite layer by means of the viscosity of the polymer in the heating temperature layer;
and S2, adhering and fixing the composite layer by adopting a hot pressing method to form the carbonized fabric-based flexible heating element, wherein the hot pressing adhesion is completed by a hot press, the hot pressing frequency is 1-2 times, the hot pressing temperature is 120-170 ℃, and the hot pressing time is 3-30S.
10. Use of a flexible heating element as claimed in any of claims 8 to 9, wherein the flexible heating element is used in a removable or non-removable manner;
when the electric heating clothes and garment are detachably applied, the heating element is fixed on the electric heating clothes and garment by installing the snap fasteners or the buttons at the edge of the heating element;
when the heating element is used in a non-detachable mode, the heating element is fixed on the electrical heating clothes through sewing the edge of the heating element.
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