CN114142947A - Self-powered underground information detection and transmission system and method based on acoustic communication - Google Patents
Self-powered underground information detection and transmission system and method based on acoustic communication Download PDFInfo
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- CN114142947A CN114142947A CN202111351962.8A CN202111351962A CN114142947A CN 114142947 A CN114142947 A CN 114142947A CN 202111351962 A CN202111351962 A CN 202111351962A CN 114142947 A CN114142947 A CN 114142947A
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005465 channeling Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000010365 information processing Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims 1
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- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
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- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04B11/00—Transmission systems employing sonic, ultrasonic or infrasonic waves
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/32—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from a charging set comprising a non-electric prime mover rotating at constant speed
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Abstract
本发明公开了属于油气井工程领域的一种基于声学通讯技术的自供能井下信息检测传输系统及方法。该系统包括依次连接的电源系统、控制系统和信息采集传输系统、传感器以及换能器。将自供能井下信息检测传输系统装配在油气井套管及扶正器上，随套管下入深井达到预设位置；利用井液压力驱动涡轮发电装置，压电发电装置收集振动能量，进行自发电为井下信息检测传输系统供能；激活控制系统通过各个模块对相应装置发送指令，进行作业；通过所述传感器对井下各扶正器节点处环境参数进行采集；利用扶正器间的无线传递，将井下信息传输至地面上，实现井下与地面之间的信息传输工作。本系统结构合理，操作方便，为洗井及固井工程提供信息监控，保证工程质量。
The invention discloses a self-powered downhole information detection and transmission system and method based on acoustic communication technology, belonging to the field of oil and gas well engineering. The system includes a power supply system, a control system, an information acquisition and transmission system, sensors and transducers connected in sequence. The self-powered downhole information detection and transmission system is assembled on the casing and centralizer of the oil and gas well, and the casing is lowered into the deep well to reach the preset position; the well fluid pressure is used to drive the turbine power generation device, and the piezoelectric power generation device collects vibration energy for self-power generation. Supply energy for the downhole information detection and transmission system; activate the control system to send instructions to the corresponding devices through each module to perform operations; collect environmental parameters at each downhole centralizer node through the sensor; use the wireless transmission between the centralizers to transmit the downhole The information is transmitted to the surface to realize the information transmission between the underground and the surface. The system has reasonable structure and convenient operation, provides information monitoring for well washing and cementing projects, and ensures the quality of the project.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of oil and gas well engineering, and particularly relates to a self-powered underground information detection and transmission system and method based on acoustic communication.
Background
In the oil and gas well exploitation project, well cementation is one of key links, well washing is used as an early preparation link of well cementation to ensure that well cementation operation is smoothly carried out, and real-time underground environment parameters have important significance on the smooth development of the well cementation operation and the well cementation quality. In view of the limitation of the well cementation working condition, the underground environment parameters are difficult to transmit to the ground in real time, the current underground wireless communication technology mostly adopts electromagnetic wave transmission, however, the electromagnetic wave transmission signal attenuation is fast, and the electromagnetic wave signal is easy to be interfered due to the complex well cementation working condition, so that the information transmission is increasingly difficult. Therefore, a self-generating underground information wireless acquisition and transmission system is urgently needed, self-energy supply of the system can be realized, and the problem of energy consumption does not need to be considered; the underground environment parameters can be effectively monitored in real time, the underground environment is early warned, the well cementation operation is judged, and the well cementation quality is effectively improved; the frequency of the sound wave signal can be adjusted to adapt to deep wells under different working conditions according to actual working conditions, and efficient information acquisition and transmission are achieved.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide a self-powered underground information detection and transmission system and a self-powered underground information detection and transmission method based on acoustic communication, which are characterized in that: the self-powered underground information detection and transmission system comprises a power supply system, a control system, an information acquisition and transmission system, a sensor and a transducer which are sequentially connected;
the power supply system comprises a piezoelectric and turbine power generation device, an energy storage device and an on-off control device; wherein the turbine power generation device is arranged in the centralizer and is driven by the well fluid pressure; the piezoelectric power generation device is arranged near the turbine power generation device and used for recovering vibration energy; the energy storage device comprises a high-temperature-resistant battery pack and is arranged in the centralizer to store electric energy; the on-off control device is controlled by the control system and controls the on-off of the power supply of the underground information detection and transmission system device;
the control system comprises a clock module, a WATCHDOG module, an A/D conversion module, a memory module, a modulation module and a communication serial port; the A/D conversion module is connected with the sensor; the modulation module is connected with the transducer and provides a sound wave signal; the communication serial port is a program input interface;
the information acquisition and transmission system comprises a sensor, a transducer, an acoustic-electric converter, a receiver, a relay station and a ground reader; the underground information acquisition system comprises a receiver, a relay station, sensors, a ground receiver, an acoustoelectric transducer and a ground reader, wherein the receiver is connected with the relay station into a group, and the plurality of groups of receivers are connected in series to form an underground information acquisition device with the sensors, connected with the sensors of the underground information processing device and the transducers of the underground information conversion device and then connected in series with the ground receiver, the acoustoelectric transducer and the ground reader to form an information acquisition and transmission system.
The sensor comprises a high-temperature-resistant temperature sensor, a high-temperature-resistant pressure sensor, a high-temperature-resistant humidity sensor, a high-temperature-resistant flow sensor and a high-temperature-resistant image sensor;
the piezoelectric ceramic transducer is selected as the transducer, and by utilizing the inverse piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric ceramic transducer, when an electric signal passes through the piezoelectric transducer, the piezoelectric ceramic deforms, so that the output frequency is stabilized. The underground casing string is used as a transmission medium, information measured by each sensor is upwards transmitted by taking sound waves as carriers, and information transmission between the underground centralizer node and a ground receiver is realized in a digital modulation mode.
The underground information detection and transmission method of the self-powered underground information detection and transmission system based on acoustic communication is characterized in that a sensor acquires underground information; transmitting the electric signal to a transducer, and converting the electric signal into an acoustic signal through the transducer; transmitting the acoustic signal to a receiver, and maintaining the signal through a relay station to realize remote transmission of the signal in the underground; after the underground environment information is transmitted to the ground, the underground environment information is converted into an electric signal through an acoustic-electric converter and interpreted by a ground reader, so that the underground environment information is effectively acquired; the method comprises the following steps:
(1) the sensor collects underground information, an obtained analog signal is converted into a digital signal by the A/D conversion module, the digital signal is processed by the control system, the modulation module converts the information collected by the sensor into a corresponding coded waveform, the coded waveform is sent to the transducer, and the coded waveform is converted into an acoustic signal by the transducer; transmitting the acoustic signals to each receiver and a relay station group through a sleeve, and maintaining the signals by the relay station to realize remote transmission of the signals underground; after the signals are sequentially transmitted to the ground, the signals are converted into electric signals through an acoustic-electric converter and interpreted by a ground reader, so that the underground environment information is effectively acquired;
(2) the piezoelectric and turbine power generation device is arranged in the underground centralizer, hydraulic energy and vibration pressure generated by circulation of underground drilling fluid and cement paste are fully utilized, and electric energy generated by the turbine and the piezoelectric plate continuously supplies power to the high-temperature-resistant battery pack, so that the controllable starting of the underground information detection and transmission system is realized; thereby ensuring the normal work of the control system and the acquisition and transmission system and further providing power for the stability of the self-powered underground information detection and transmission system;
(3) the information acquisition and transmission system acquires pressure, temperature, humidity, flow and centralizer performance information at nodes of the centralizers by using the sensors; the pressure information mainly aims at the pressure abnormity phenomenon that the air leakage is caused by the crack generated after the cement solidification is finished in the well cementation, and whether the air channeling problem is generated can be judged through the pressure abnormity;
(4) monitoring the underground temperature distribution condition by adopting a high-temperature-resistant temperature sensor; monitoring underground humidity parameters by adopting a high-temperature-resistant humidity sensor; monitoring the flow and flow speed conditions of the drilling fluid and the cement slurry by adopting a high-temperature-resistant flow sensor; according to the fact that the gas leakage phenomenon can occur under the condition that the cement slurry has cracks, and pressure is abnormal, a pressure sensor is adopted to monitor the gas leakage phenomenon; by monitoring the parameters, the underground environment can be pre-warned, and the condition of well cementation quality can be judged;
(5) the self-powered underground information detection and transmission system is in a dormant state when not activated, starts to work after activation, and transmits sound wave signals to activate or suspend the information acquisition nodes of the centralizers by the ground reader end, so that the nodes enter a working or dormant state.
The acoustic signal transmitted by the casing pipe is required to be at a frequency of 800Hz or below according to the depth of the well below 2500m, and a low frequency band below 500Hz is easily interfered by underground noise, so that the working acoustic transmission frequency of the system is set to be between 500Hz and 800Hz according to different parameters of the well depth and an oil-gas well, and the specific frequency needs to be determined according to specific well conditions and then implemented.
The underground information detection and transmission system can monitor underground environment information under three working conditions, namely a well washing working condition, a well cementation working condition and a well cementation post-working condition respectively according to requirements.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention is applied to the well washing and cementing stage in the field of oil and gas well engineering. The pressure of the injected drilling fluid is utilized to drive the turbine power generation device, and meanwhile, the piezoelectric power generation device collects vibration energy, so that self-power generation and energy supply are realized, and power supply is continuously provided for the self-power supply underground information detection and transmission system of the acoustic communication technology. Compared with a common underground information acquisition and transmission system, the system disclosed by the invention realizes wireless transmission of information by using an acoustic communication technology, and avoids the problem that the conventional acquisition and transmission system limits the transmission distance due to a transmission line. In addition, due to the self-energy supply characteristic, the continuous work of the system can be realized, and continuous information acquisition is provided for well washing, well cementation and quality analysis after well cementation. The self-powered underground information detection and transmission system based on the acoustic communication technology has the advantages of reasonable integral structure, convenience in operation, easiness in control, effective acquisition of underground information, sufficient and long-acting information monitoring for well washing and cementing engineering and guarantee of engineering quality. Meanwhile, in actual operation, the frequency of the generated sound wave signal can be adjusted to adapt to deep wells under different working conditions according to actual working conditions, so that different underground conditions are adapted, and efficient information acquisition and transmission are performed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a self-powered downhole information detection and transmission system based on acoustic communication technology.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a node of a downhole self-powered information detection and transmission system.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a control scheme for a downhole self-powered system.
Detailed description of the invention
The invention provides a self-powered underground information detection and transmission system and a self-powered underground information detection and transmission method based on an acoustic communication technology, and the invention is further explained by combining the attached drawings and an embodiment.
As shown in fig. 1-3, the self-powered downhole information detection and transmission system comprises a power supply system 5, a control system 4, an information acquisition and transmission system 3, a sensor 301 and a transducer 302 which are connected in sequence; the power supply system 5 comprises a piezoelectric power generation device 502, a turbine power generation device 503, an energy storage device and an on-off control device; wherein the turbine power generation device 503 is arranged in the centralizer 6 and is driven by the well fluid pressure; the piezoelectric power generator 502 is disposed near the turbine power generator 503 to recover vibration energy; the energy storage device comprises a high-temperature-resistant battery pack 501 which is arranged inside the centralizer 6 and stores electric energy; the on-off control device is controlled by the control system 4 to control the power supply of the underground information detection transmission system to be switched on or switched off; the control system comprises a clock module, a WATCHDOG module, an A/D conversion module, a memory module, a modulation module and a communication serial port; the A/D conversion module is connected with the sensor 301; the modulation module is connected to the transducer 302 and provides an acoustic signal; the communication serial port is a program input interface;
the information acquisition and transmission system comprises a sensor 301, a transducer 302, an acoustic-electric converter, a receiver 303, a relay station 304 and a ground reader; the underground information acquisition system is characterized in that a receiver and a relay station are connected into a group, and after a plurality of groups of receivers are connected in series, the receiver and each sensor form an underground information acquisition device, the underground information acquisition device is connected with a sensor of an underground information processing device and a transducer of an underground information conversion device, and then the underground information acquisition device, the acoustic-electric transducer and a ground reader 1 are connected in series to form an information acquisition and transmission system. Specifically, the following are described with reference to fig. 1, fig. 2, and fig. 3, respectively:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a self-powered downhole information detection and transmission system based on acoustic communication technology. The self-powered underground information detection and transmission system comprises a power supply system 5, a control system 4, an information acquisition and transmission system 3, a sensor and a transducer which are connected in sequence; the self-powered underground information detection and transmission system is applied to oil and gas well cementing operation, and is arranged on a centralizer 6 (shown in figure 2) before being lowered into the well, so that the self-powered underground information detection and transmission system is lowered to a preset underground position along with the centralizer 6 and a casing; well fluid is injected through a wellhead, well fluid pressure is utilized to drive the turbine power generation device 503, and meanwhile, the piezoelectric power generation device 502 is driven to work simultaneously, so that self power generation of the device is carried out, and energy is supplied to an underground information detection and transmission system; after the system is activated, the control system 4 sends instructions to the corresponding devices through each module to perform operation; collecting environmental parameters at the nodes of the centralizers 6 in the well through the sensors 301; parameters acquired by a sensor 301 are converted into coded waveforms carrying information, and electric signals are converted into acoustic signals through a transducer 302; the information is sequentially transmitted to the information acquisition nodes of the next section of the centralizer through the receiver 303 and the relay station 304, so that wireless transmission among the centralizers is realized; underground information is transmitted to the ground, the acoustic transducer converts acoustic signals into electric signals, and the electric signals are interpreted by the ground reader 1, so that the information transmission between the underground and the ground is realized.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a node of a downhole self-powered information detection and transmission system. This self-powered information detection transmission system node includes: a sensor 301, a transducer 302, a receiver 303, a repeater 304, a control system 4, a high temperature resistant battery pack 501, a piezoelectric power generation device 502, and a turbine power generation device 503. The turbine power generation device 503 is arranged in the centralizer 6 and is driven by well fluid pressure; the piezoelectric power generator 502 is disposed near the turbine power generator 503 to recover vibration energy; the energy storage device mainly comprises a high-temperature-resistant battery pack 501 which is arranged inside the centralizer 6 and stores electric energy. The sensor 301 performs downhole information acquisition; transmitting the electric signal to the transducer 302, and converting the electric signal into an acoustic signal through the transducer 302; transmitting the acoustic signal to a receiver 303, and maintaining the signal through a repeater 304 to realize remote transmission of the signal in the underground; after the underground environment information is transmitted to the ground, the underground environment information is converted into an electric signal through the sound-electricity converter and is interpreted by using the ground reader 1, and the underground environment information is effectively collected.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a control scheme for the downhole self-powered system. The underground self-powered system comprises an acquisition and transmission system 3, a control system 4 and a power supply system 5. The power supply system 5 comprises a piezoelectric power generation device 502, a turbine power generation device 503 and a high-temperature-resistant battery pack 501. The control system 4 comprises a clock module, a WATCHDOG module, an A/D conversion module, a memory module, a modulation module and a communication serial port. The acquisition and transmission system 3 comprises sensors 301, transducers 302, receivers 303, and repeaters 304. Through the regulation and control of the control system 4, each sensor carries out underground information acquisition; converting the analog signal acquired by the sensor 301 into a digital signal through an A/D conversion module; after being processed by the control system 4, the modulation module converts the information acquired by the sensor 301 into a corresponding coded waveform and sends the coded waveform to the transducer 302; the transducer 302 converts the corresponding information into sound waves, transmits the signals to the receiver 303 of the next node, and maintains the signals through the relay station 304; after the underground environment information is sequentially transmitted to the ground upwards, the acoustic-electric converter is converted into an electric signal, and the ground reader 1 is used for interpreting so as to effectively acquire the underground environment information.
Examples
The working principle of a self-powered underground information detection and transmission system based on an acoustic communication technology is applied to a well cementation stage in the field of oil and gas well engineering, and the self-powered underground information detection and transmission system is firstly assembled on an oil and gas well casing and a centralizer and is lowered into a deep well along with the casing to reach a preset position; injecting drilling fluid, driving the turbine power generation device by using the well fluid pressure, collecting vibration energy by using the piezoelectric power generation device, performing self-generating power supply, controlling a power supply system by using an activated control system, turning on the on-off switch to supply power to the whole system, and activating the acquisition and transmission system to acquire and transmit underground information; the power generation device generates electric energy to be stored in the energy storage device, and the electric energy is continuously used for supplying power to the self-powered underground information detection and transmission system of the acoustic communication technology; after the acquisition and transmission system is activated, the high-temperature-resistant sensor starts underground information acquisition, and parameters acquired by the sensor are converted into coded waveforms carrying information; converting, by the transducer, an electrical signal into an acoustic signal; sequentially transmitting information to a next section of centralizer information acquisition node through the receiver and the relay station; the underground information is transmitted to the ground, the acoustic-electric converter converts acoustic signals into electric signals, and the electric signals are interpreted by a ground reader, so that the information transmission between the underground and the ground is realized.
In the embodiment, the underground information acquisition and transmission system acquires pressure, temperature, humidity, flow and centralizer performance information at each centralizer node under three working conditions, namely a well flushing working condition, a well cementation post-working condition and the like; the pressure information mainly aims at the pressure abnormity phenomenon that the air leakage is caused by the crack generated after the cement solidification is finished in the well cementation, and whether the air channeling problem is generated can be judged through the pressure abnormity.
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| CN107130957A (en) * | 2016-02-26 | 2017-09-05 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of Oil/gas Well downhole monitoring system and the confession method for electrically for the monitoring system |
| CN111622742A (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2020-09-04 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Fluid self-generating parameter detection and communication system |
| CN212317976U (en) * | 2020-05-12 | 2021-01-08 | 常州声传自控仪表有限公司 | Underground instrument device based on sound wave transmission |
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- 2021-11-16 CN CN202111351962.8A patent/CN114142947A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105443117A (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2016-03-30 | 浙江大学 | Acoustic logging system |
| CN107130957A (en) * | 2016-02-26 | 2017-09-05 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of Oil/gas Well downhole monitoring system and the confession method for electrically for the monitoring system |
| CN212317976U (en) * | 2020-05-12 | 2021-01-08 | 常州声传自控仪表有限公司 | Underground instrument device based on sound wave transmission |
| CN111622742A (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2020-09-04 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Fluid self-generating parameter detection and communication system |
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Application publication date: 20220304 |