CN114622900A - Underground information transmission device and method based on micro-current - Google Patents
Underground information transmission device and method based on micro-current Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a micro-current-based underground information transmission device and a method, wherein the underground information transmission device comprises a central metal pipe, an underground alternating micro-current source, a sensor and a ground signal receiver, wherein the central metal pipe is axially arranged in a shaft; the underground alternating micro-current source is fixedly arranged on the central metal pipe, and underground alternating micro-current output by the underground alternating micro-current source can carry underground signal data; the sensor is connected with the underground alternating micro-current source and can measure underground signal data and transmit the underground signal data to the underground alternating micro-current source for signal loading; the ground signal receiver is connected with a wellhead and can receive underground signal data transmitted by the underground alternating micro-current source and demodulate and extract the underground signal data. The invention has the advantages of avoiding the shielding effect of the underground metal casing on electromagnetic wave signals, expanding the application scene of underground electric signal transmission modes, promoting the digital information development of shaft wells in the oil and gas industry and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas well information and control engineering, in particular to a micro-current-based underground information transmission device and method.
Background
Petroleum and natural gas exist in deep stratum and relate to high pressure, high temperature, oil-gas-water medium and other complex severe environments, for example, in a Sichuan basin, 27 oil-gas layers alternately appear in a top-down Jurassic system-seismic denier system, the safety density window is narrow and unstable, the highest stratum pressure is 147MPa (LT1 well), and high sulfur content (Rojiazhai-roller terrace Feixian Guanguan group: 135-200 g/m3) And the test yield is high (Moxixi 009-X1 well test yield 263.47X 104m3And d), in order to realize safe, stable and efficient exploration and development of oil and gas, the underground condition must be mastered in the early drilling process and the later oil and gas trial production process, and the most important way for mastering the underground condition is to transmit underground information to the ground. With the rapid development of the digital transformation in the petroleum industry, the establishment of a digital wellbore becomes a necessary trend, and how to do soConnecting the underground and the ground to construct an information channel is imminent.
At present, the shaft signal transmission technology mainly comprises cable transmission, optical fiber transmission, intelligent drill rod transmission, slurry pulse transmission, sound wave transmission and electromagnetic wave transmission. The cable and optical fiber transmission has the characteristic of high speed, but the drill rod cannot be used due to rotation in the drilling process, the cable transmission and the optical fiber transmission face various problems of wellhead high pressure (105MPa) release risk, well bore friction damage risk, later underground vibration damage risk, underground corrosion risk and the like in well completion, the manufacturing cost is high, and the cable and the optical fiber transmission are only applied in a tentative way in China at present, such as distributed temperature measurement data transmission in Xinjiang oil fields.
The publication number of CN112593864A, the name of self-powered intelligent drill rod system and underground data transmission method, discloses a self-powered intelligent drill rod system, the system also has the characteristic of fast transmission distance, but at present, the system is still in the test stage at home, the transmission stability needs to be improved, and the cable-through drill rods special for customizing the whole well bore and the signal induction joints corresponding to each drill rod are needed, so the application cost is very high. The MWD of mud pulse transmission is stable, but the data transmission needs to generate pulses once by means of an underground pulse transmitter, the transmission rate is slow by 3-5 bit/s, the MWD can be used only in a shaft mud circulation working condition environment, and the MWD cannot be used in a well drilling shut-in period, a well completion period and an oil gas pilot production period. The underground electromagnetic wave signal transmission technology has the characteristics of high speed, convenience in operation, low cost, independence on shaft mud circulation and the like, has obvious advantages compared with the centralized signal transmission mode, and is mainly transmitted to the ground through the stratum after the electromagnetic wave signals are transmitted.
The device has the publication number of 'CN 201386571Y' and the name of 'relay transmission while drilling signal transmitting and receiving device'; the publication number is CN111677496A, the name is a coal mine underground electromagnetic wave logging-while-drilling instrument, and respectively discloses an electromagnetic wave signal receiving and sending device adopting wired and wireless relay transmission and a coal mine underground wireless electromagnetic wave logging-while-drilling instrument. The signal transmission receiving device and the signal transmission detecting device have good transmission effect when the antenna is in an open hole section, but the antenna is shielded when the antenna is positioned in a well section with a metal sleeve, signals are difficult to emit due to the shielding and absorption effects of the metal sleeve on electromagnetic waves, and the electromagnetic waves are difficult to emit due to the fact that the metal sleeve is installed on the wall of the well in the underground oil and gas testing stage, the well completion stage and the oil and gas production stage; while the upper well section is also metal-cased during the drilling phase, the signal is also difficult to transmit when the transmitting antenna is lifted from the lower open hole section to the well section where the metal casing is installed.
After the drilling is finished, the field is shifted to the oil testing completion and oil gas production stage. During the period, the downhole temperature and pressure data are the main basis of stratum productivity evaluation, oil and gas production system adjustment and wellbore risk control, and are related to the long-term safety of wellbore service and oil and gas recovery rate. At present, a storage type underground pressure gauge is adopted in oil testing operation, temperature and pressure data can be obtained only after oil testing is finished, an oil-gas reservoir cannot be evaluated in time, and efficiency needs to be improved urgently; at present, a steel wire or a cable is mainly used for descending a sensor to a well bottom for recording in the process of producing oil gas, so that the workload is large, the data volume coverage time is short, and the long-term downhole dynamic rule of a large number of wells in a wide well area of an oil and gas field is difficult to master in real time; in addition, during shaft construction operation (such as fracturing, acidizing, liquid drainage, pressure recovery and the like), the ground calculation prediction mode is generally adopted for underground working condition data at present, the error is large, and the risk is high for the construction of a complex deep well. Traditional MWD signal transmission depends on wellbore fluid circulation to be used, and wellbore fluid circulation like drilling operation is not generally carried out in a well testing completion stage and an oil and gas production stage, so that MWD cannot be applied, and downhole electromagnetic wave signal transmission is achieved.
The publication number of CN201386571Y and the name of relay transmission while-drilling signal transmitting and receiving device disclose a relay transmission while-drilling signal transmitting and receiving device which is used for receiving and forwarding data measured by a near-bit measuring instrument in the process of drilling, directional well or horizontal well by adopting gas medium. But because the metal casing is arranged in the whole well bore in the oil testing completion and production stage, signals are shielded, and the signals are difficult to send or extremely weak and cannot be used.
Based on the problems, the invention provides the underground information transmission device and the underground information transmission method based on the micro-current, which are applied to underground signal transmission and acquisition in the stages of oil testing, well completion and oil gas production, have the advantages of transmission rate, adaptation to more shaft operation environments, simplicity in operation, cost and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to address one or more of the problems in the prior art as set forth above. For example, it is an object of the present invention to provide a downhole micro-current based information transmission device using wellbore micro-current as a signal carrier.
In order to achieve the above objects, the present invention provides a micro-current based downhole information transmission device, which is used for signal transmission of an oil and gas well with a metal casing and shielding effect of electromagnetic wave transmission, and is installed on a well bore in oil testing, completion and oil and gas production stages, and comprises a central metal pipe, a downhole alternating micro-current source, a sensor and a ground signal receiver, wherein,
the central metal tube is axially arranged in the shaft;
the underground alternating micro-current source is fixedly arranged on the central metal pipe, and underground alternating micro-current output by the underground alternating micro-current source can carry underground signal data;
the sensor is connected with the underground alternating micro-current source and can measure underground signal data and transmit the underground signal data to the underground alternating micro-current source for signal loading;
the ground signal receiver is connected with a wellhead and can receive underground signal data transmitted by the underground alternating micro-current source and demodulate and extract the underground signal data.
In one exemplary embodiment of an aspect of the present invention, the downhole alternating micro-current source may comprise an alternating current driver, a signaling tool, and a metal tubing sub, wherein,
the metal pipe short section comprises an upper metal pipe and a lower metal pipe which are fixedly arranged from top to bottom, and the metal pipe short section transmits underground alternating micro-current signals generated by the alternating current driver to the signal conduction tool;
the signal conducting tool transmits the downhole alternating micro-current signal to the casing.
In an exemplary embodiment of an aspect of the present invention, the signal conduction tool may include an upper signal conduction tool disposed at an upper end of the upper metal pipe and contacting the casing, and a lower signal conduction tool disposed at a lower end of the lower metal pipe and contacting the casing.
In one exemplary embodiment of an aspect of the present invention, the alternating current driver may include a driver circuit board, a coil, a driver housing, and a driver center tube, wherein,
the two ends of the driver central tube are respectively fixedly connected with the oil tube, the driver shell and the driver central tube form a sealed cavity, and the coil and the driving circuit board are fixedly arranged in the sealed cavity.
In an exemplary embodiment of an aspect of the present invention, the downhole information transmission device may further include a repeater fixedly disposed on the central metal pipe above the downhole alternating micro-current source, the repeater being capable and capable of receiving the micro-current signal transmitted by the downhole alternating micro-current source and transmitting the micro-current signal to a surface signal receiver.
In one exemplary embodiment of an aspect of the present invention, the repeater may include a driving circuit board, a signal receiving circuit board, a coil, a repeater housing, and a repeater center tube, wherein,
two ends of the repeater central tube are fixedly connected with the central metal tube respectively, a repeater shell and the repeater central tube form a sealed cavity, and the signal receiving circuit board, the coil and the driving circuit board are fixedly arranged in the sealed cavity.
In an exemplary embodiment of an aspect of the present invention, the downhole signal data may include at least one of temperature, pressure, flow rate, water cut, and mineralization.
In an exemplary embodiment of an aspect of the present invention, the surface signal receiver may comprise two signal lines, a data acquisition card, and a signal demodulation module, wherein,
one end of each signal wire is connected with the signal acquisition point, the other end of each signal wire is connected with the data acquisition card, and the data acquisition card acquires voltage signals and transmits the voltage signals to the signal demodulation module.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a micro-current based downhole information transmission method, which may be implemented by the micro-current based downhole information transmission apparatus as described in any one of the above, and which includes the steps of:
an oil pipe provided with an underground alternating micro-current source and a sensor is put into an underground preset position;
the method comprises the following steps of (1) utilizing an underground alternating micro-current generated by an underground alternating micro-current source as a signal source, and loading signals of underground signal data measured by a sensor onto the underground alternating micro-current;
the method comprises the steps of utilizing a shaft metal sleeve and a stratum as composite media for conducting underground alternating micro-current, selecting any two points in a shaft metal sleeve-stratum composite media network as signal acquisition points, utilizing a ground signal receiver to measure voltage values between the two points to acquire a voltage fluctuation rule, and demodulating and extracting underground signal data according to a signal coding mode.
In an exemplary embodiment of another aspect of the invention, the signal loading refers to encoding the downhole signal data on downhole alternating micro-currents such that the fluctuating pattern of the downhole alternating micro-currents is representative of the downhole signal data values.
In an exemplary embodiment of another aspect of the invention, the method may further comprise the step of downhole estimating the downhole transmit power and the surface signal received strength:
by analyzing the resistance distribution of the composite medium network of the metal casing pipe of the shaft and the stratum, the voltage between each position point is calculated by utilizing the ampere theorem, so that the underground transmitting power and the ground signal receiving intensity are determined.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention can comprise at least one of the following:
(1) the invention provides a micro-current-based underground information transmission device, which provides a feasible method for underground signal transmission in the stages of oil testing, well completion and oil gas production (metal sleeves are arranged in the whole shaft), communicates underground and ground information channels, and assists in digital transformation;
(2) the underground information transmission method based on the micro-current avoids the problem that the traditional underground signal is transmitted by means of electromagnetic waves (the electromagnetic waves emitted by the electromagnetic wave antenna need to be radiated to the stratum and then transmitted to the ground from the stratum), when the electromagnetic wave emitting antenna is arranged in the metal sleeve, the underground metal sleeve has a shielding effect on the electromagnetic wave signal, and the signal transmission distance is short or even the electromagnetic wave signal cannot be transmitted; instead, the invention utilizes a micro-current signal transmission method, and a micro-current transmitter just utilizes the conductivity of a metal sleeve to transmit signals out of the metal sleeve, so that on one hand, the signals mainly flow from the metal sleeve to the ground, and on the other hand, a small part of the signals flow from the stratum to the ground;
(3) the invention gives consideration to the transmission rate, adapts to more shaft operation environments, and has the advantages of simple operation, low cost, wide application range and the like.
Drawings
The above and other objects and features of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a micro-current based downhole information transmission device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the alternating current driver of FIG. 1;
fig. 3 shows an equivalent circuit diagram of the resistance distribution of a "wellbore metal casing-formation" composite medium network in the micro-current based downhole information transmission method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
the system comprises a 1-ground part, a 2-wellhead part, a 3-shaft, a 4-central metal pipe, a 5-metal pipe short section, a 51-upper metal pipe, a 52-lower metal pipe, a 6-sleeve pipe, a 7-upper signal conducting tool, an 8-lower signal conducting tool, a 9-alternating current driver, a 91-driver shell, a 92-driving circuit board, a 93-coil, a 94-driver central pipe, a 95-sensor, a 10-underground alternating micro-current source, a 11-ground signal receiver, a 111-grounding point, a 112-signal demodulation module, a 113-first signal line, a 114-second signal line, a 12-repeater, R1-R15-equivalent resistance and an I-underground alternating micro-current source.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, the micro-current based downhole information transmission apparatus and the micro-current based downhole information transmission method of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to exemplary embodiments.
It should be noted that "upper", "lower", "inner" and "outer" are merely used for convenience of description and to constitute relative orientations or positional relationships, and do not indicate or imply that the components referred to must have the specific orientations or positions.
FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a micro-current based downhole information transmission device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the alternating current driver of FIG. 1; fig. 3 shows an equivalent circuit diagram of the resistance distribution of a "wellbore metal casing-formation" composite medium network in the micro-current based downhole information transmission method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
In a first exemplary embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the micro-current based downhole information transmission apparatus is equipped with a metal casing for the entire wellbore in the test completion and oil and gas production stages, conventionally utilizes electromagnetic wave signal transmission, an electromagnetic wave signal transmitter has a shielding effect in the metal casing, electromagnetic waves are not emitted, and signal transmission of an oil and gas well that cannot utilize MWD for signal transmission due to failure to establish circulation is performed. The micro-current based downhole information transmission device mainly comprises a central metal pipe 4, a downhole alternating micro-current source 10, a sensor and a ground signal receiver 11.
Wherein the central metal tube 4 is arranged axially in the wellbore 3 and the entire wellbore 3 is surrounded by a metal casing 6.
The underground alternating micro-current source 10 (namely an underground signal emission source) is fixedly arranged on the central metal pipe 4, the underground alternating micro-current output by the underground alternating micro-current source 10 can be used for carrying underground signal data, and the underground alternating micro-current carrying the underground signal data is transmitted to the ground through the signal conduction path (namely the sleeve 6).
The sensor is fixedly arranged on the central metal pipe 4 or the underground alternating micro-current source 10, and the sensor is connected with the underground alternating micro-current source 10 through a lead to transmit underground signal data measured by the sensor to the underground alternating micro-current source for signal loading.
The ground signal receiver 11 is arranged on the ground 1 and connected with the wellhead 2, and can receive underground signal data transmitted by the underground alternating micro-current source 10 and demodulate and extract the underground signal data.
In the present exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the downhole alternating micro-current source 10 may include an alternating current driver 9, a signal conducting tool, and a metal pipe nipple 5, which form an oscillating current loop.
The metal pipe nipple 5 comprises an upper metal pipe 51 and a lower metal pipe 52 which are fixedly arranged up and down. The metal pipe nipple transmits the underground alternating micro-current signal generated by the alternating current driver to the signal conduction tool. The signal conducting tool transmits the underground alternating micro-current signal to the casing. The underground signal data is loaded on the underground alternating micro-current signal generated by the alternating current driver, the underground signal data flows into the upper casing pipe, the lower casing pipe and the stratum along with the alternating micro-current signal through the metal short pipe and the signal conduction tool, and the current mainly flows upwards from the casing pipe and a small part flows into the stratum due to the fact that the conductivity of the casing pipe is better than that of the stratum, and the underground alternating micro-current can flow to the ground by matching with proper power supply power, so that the loaded signal data is also transmitted to the ground.
In the present exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the signal conducting means may include an upper signal conducting means 7 and a lower signal conducting means 8. The upper signal conducting tool 7 is arranged at the upper end of the upper metal tube 51 and is contacted with the sleeve 6, and the lower signal conducting tool 8 is arranged at the lower end of the lower metal tube 52 and is contacted with the sleeve 6. Here, the upper signal conducting tool and the lower signal conducting tool are both in contact with the casing in a spring piece manner.
In the present exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the alternating current driver 9 may include a driver circuit board 92, a coil 93, a driver housing 91, and a driver center tube 94.
The upper end and the lower end of the driver central tube 94 are respectively fixedly connected with the upper central metal and the lower central metal tube, a sealed cavity is formed between the driver shell 91 and the driver central tube 94, the coil 93 and the driving circuit board 92 are fixedly arranged in the sealed cavity, and the coil 93 and the driving circuit board 92 are connected through a conducting wire. Of course, the drive center tube may also be the center metal tube itself. The alternating current driver adopts a coil coupling driving mode, signal oscillation current generated by the alternating current driver is connected with a coil, the coil is arranged on a central tube of the driver, the signal oscillation current enables the coil to induce a changing magnetic field, and the changing magnetic field drives the central tube of the driver to generate oscillating electromotive force for driving a vibrating current loop of an underground alternating micro-current source. In particular, the alternating current driver housing is insulated from the driver center tube, for example, by painting the area to be fastened with an insulating paint. As shown in fig. 2, the sensor 95 is fixedly disposed below the driver housing 91 and connected to the driver circuit board 92 by a wire.
In the present exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the downhole information transmission device may further include a repeater 12, and the repeater 12 is fixedly disposed on the central metal pipe 4 (here, the central metal pipe may be a tubing pipe, and may be other well casing pipes) and above the downhole alternating micro-current source 10. The repeater 12 is capable of and capable of receiving a microcurrent signal sent by the downhole alternating microcurrent source 10 and transmitting it to the surface signal receiver 11. By arranging more than one repeater, the distance for transmitting the underground alternating micro-current generated by the underground alternating micro-current source can be greatly increased.
In the present exemplary embodiment, the repeater may include a driving circuit board, a signal receiving circuit board, a coil, a repeater housing, and a repeater center tube.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the repeater is similar in structure to the downhole alternating micro-current source 10, except that a signal receiving circuit board is added to the repeater, one end of which is connected to the coil and the other end of which is connected to the driving circuit board. When a coil in the repeater transmits an up-going alternating micro current signal below the coil, an induced current is generated in the coil, the induced current signal is transmitted to the signal receiving circuit board, the signal receiving circuit board transmits the received induced current signal to the driving circuit board, and the driving circuit board executes a corresponding signal task.
In the present exemplary embodiment, the downhole signal data may include at least one of temperature, pressure, flow, fluence rate and mineralization. In the present exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the ground signal receiver 11 may include a first signal line 113, a second signal line 114, a data acquisition card, and a signal demodulation module 112.
One end of each of the two signal lines is connected with a signal acquisition point, the other end of each of the two signal lines is connected with a data acquisition card, and the data acquisition card acquires voltage signals and transmits the voltage signals to the signal demodulation module. The signal demodulation module can be signal demodulation software, and the signal demodulation software can perform signal inverse decoding according to the encoding mode adopted by the underground signal data to acquire the underground data value. The two signal wires are respectively connected with the signal acquisition points, the other end of the signal wires is connected with the data acquisition card, and the data acquisition card acquires voltage signals and transmits the voltage signals to the signal demodulation software. Specifically, one signal line can be connected to the derrick of the wellhead 2, the other signal line can be connected to the grounding point 111 at a remote place, and then the other end of the two signal lines is connected to the signal demodulation module, and finally a ground signal receiving and demodulation unit is formed. Here, the signal acquisition point may be any two points on the metal pipe, or between the metal pipe and the ground, or between the ground and the ground. In particular, the signal acquisition at the surface mainly adopts the space between the ground outcrop part of a metal pipe at the surface and the ground.
In a second exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the micro-current based downhole information transmission method may be implemented by the micro-current based downhole information transmission apparatus described in the above first exemplary embodiment, and the method includes the steps of:
an oil pipe provided with an underground alternating micro-current source and a sensor is put into an underground preset position;
the method comprises the following steps of (1) utilizing an underground alternating micro-current generated by an underground alternating micro-current source as a signal source, and loading signals of underground signal data measured by a sensor onto the underground alternating micro-current;
the method comprises the steps of utilizing a shaft metal sleeve and a stratum as composite media for conducting underground alternating micro-current, selecting any two points in a shaft metal sleeve-stratum composite media network as signal acquisition points, utilizing a ground signal receiver to measure voltage values between the two points to acquire a voltage fluctuation rule, and demodulating and extracting underground signal data according to a signal coding mode.
In the exemplary embodiment, the signal loading means that the downhole signal data is encoded on the downhole alternating micro-current, so that the fluctuation mode of the downhole alternating micro-current can represent the downhole signal data value.
In this embodiment, the method may further comprise the step of downhole estimating the downhole transmit power and the surface signal received strength:
by analyzing the resistance distribution of the composite medium network of the metal casing pipe of the shaft and the stratum, the voltage between each position point is calculated by utilizing the ampere theorem, so that the underground transmitting power and the ground signal receiving intensity are determined. Specifically, the resistances of the microcurrent-based downhole information transmission device are analyzed and equivalent to a circuit diagram of a composite medium network of a 'wellbore metal casing-stratum' shown in fig. 3, and the voltage of the resistance (namely, R1-R15) at each position is calculated by using the ampere theorem, so that the transmitting power of the downhole alternating microcurrent source and the signal strength received by a surface receiver are determined. Wherein, I represents the oscillation current externally output by the underground alternating micro-current source.
In this embodiment, in order to avoid electromagnetic interference of electrical equipment such as a well site generator, it is recommended to provide isolation in front of large electrical equipment by using a metal shielding fence.
In order that the above-described exemplary embodiments of the invention may be better understood, further description thereof with reference to specific examples is provided below.
Taking the GS19 well as an example, the well is located at a certain place in the county of the AnYue of Sichuan, and because the underground working condition of the well is complex, the conventional operation mode cannot accurately grasp the underground condition of oil testing of the well, and accidents are easy to happen. The underground information transmission device based on the micro-current is used for underground monitoring, and supports are provided for engineers. Wherein, the depth of the emitter is as follows: 4512m, repeater design run-in depth: 2995 m. The test date is as follows: 20 XX.3.28-4.17 days.
The experimental effect is as follows: when the device works for 456 hours, 2281 groups of temperature and pressure data of 4512m well depth are obtained in real time, and the average signal intensity received from the ground surface and transmitted from the underground is 2.5 multiplied by 10-5And V. During which the well is blocked by formation cuttings and previously lost drilling fluid, both the wellhead and the surface flow lines. If the existing information acquisition mode is adopted, the well head cannot infer the well bottom condition. However, the underground information transmission device based on the micro-current realizes the underground running, continuously monitors and displays the bottom hole pressure in real time, plays a role in early warning for preventing well control accidents and ensures the operation safety. Meanwhile, after the underground information transmission device is lifted out in the later period, the data stored by the underground pressure gauge is compared with the data received on the ground, and the data of the underground pressure gauge and the data of the ground are consistent, so that the reliability of the monitoring device and the monitoring method is proved.
In summary, the beneficial effects of the present invention may include at least one of the following:
(1) the invention provides a micro-current-based underground information transmission device, which provides a feasible method for underground signal transmission in the stages of oil testing, well completion and oil gas production (metal sleeves are arranged in the whole shaft), communicates underground and ground information channels, and assists in digital transformation;
(2) the underground information transmission method based on the micro-current avoids the traditional underground signal from depending on electromagnetic wave transmission (the electromagnetic wave emitted by the electromagnetic wave antenna needs to be radiated to the stratum and then transmitted to the ground from the stratum), when the electromagnetic wave emitting antenna is arranged in the metal sleeve, the underground metal sleeve has shielding effect on the electromagnetic wave signal, and the signal transmission distance is short or even the signal cannot be transmitted; instead, the invention utilizes a micro-current signal transmission method, and a micro-current transmitter just utilizes the conductivity of a metal sleeve to transmit signals out of the metal sleeve, so that on one hand, the signals mainly flow from the metal sleeve to the ground, and on the other hand, a small part of the signals flow from the stratum to the ground;
(3) the invention gives consideration to the transmission rate, adapts to more shaft operation environments, and has the advantages of simple operation, low cost and the like.
Although the present invention has been described above in connection with exemplary embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and changes may be made to the exemplary embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (11)
1. A micro-current based underground information transmission device is characterized by comprising a central metal pipe, an underground alternating micro-current source, a sensor and a ground signal receiver, wherein the underground information transmission device is provided with a metal sleeve aiming at a shaft in the oil testing completion and oil gas production stages, and electromagnetic wave transmission exists in the signal transmission of an oil gas well with shielding effect,
the central metal tube is axially arranged in the shaft;
the underground alternating micro-current source is fixedly arranged on the central metal pipe, and underground alternating micro-current output by the underground alternating micro-current source can carry underground signal data;
the sensor is connected with the underground alternating micro-current source and can measure underground signal data and transmit the underground signal data to the underground alternating micro-current source for signal loading;
the ground signal receiver is connected with a wellhead and can receive underground signal data transmitted by the underground alternating micro-current source and demodulate and extract the underground signal data.
2. The micro-current based downhole information transfer device of claim 1, wherein the downhole alternating micro-current source comprises an alternating current driver, a signal conducting tool and a metal tubing sub, wherein,
the metal pipe short section comprises an upper metal pipe and a lower metal pipe which are fixedly arranged from top to bottom, and the metal pipe short section transmits underground alternating micro-current signals generated by the alternating current driver to the signal conduction tool;
the signal conducting tool transmits a downhole alternating micro-current signal to the casing.
3. The micro-current based downhole information transmission device according to claim 2, wherein the signal conducting tool comprises an upper signal conducting tool disposed at an upper end of the upper metal pipe and contacting the casing and a lower signal conducting tool disposed at a lower end of the lower metal pipe and contacting the casing.
4. The micro-current based downhole information transfer device of claim 1, wherein the alternating current driver comprises a driver circuit board, a coil, a driver housing, and a driver center tube, wherein,
the two ends of the driver central tube are respectively fixedly connected with the central metal tube, the driver shell and the driver central tube form a sealed cavity, and the coil and the driving circuit board are fixedly arranged in the sealed cavity.
5. The downhole information transmission device based on micro-current according to claim 1, further comprising a repeater fixedly arranged on the central metal pipe and above the downhole alternating micro-current source, wherein the repeater is capable of receiving and transmitting micro-current signals sent by the downhole alternating micro-current source to a surface signal receiver.
6. The micro-current based downhole information transfer device of claim 5, wherein the repeater comprises a driving circuit board, a signal receiving circuit board, a coil, a repeater housing, and a repeater center tube, wherein,
two ends of the repeater central tube are fixedly connected with the central metal tube respectively, a repeater shell and the repeater central tube form a sealed cavity, and the signal receiving circuit board, the coil and the driving circuit board are fixedly arranged in the sealed cavity.
7. The micro-current based downhole information transfer device of claim 1, wherein the downhole signal data comprises at least one of temperature, pressure, flow rate, water cut, and mineralization.
8. The micro-current based downhole information transmission device according to claim 1, wherein the surface signal receiver comprises two signal lines, a data acquisition card and a signal demodulation module, wherein the two signal lines are respectively connected with the signal acquisition point, the other end of the two signal lines is connected to the data acquisition card, and the data acquisition card acquires voltage signals and transmits the voltage signals to the signal demodulation module.
9. A micro-current based downhole information transmission method, characterized in that the method is realized by the micro-current based downhole information transmission device according to any one of claims 1-8, and the method comprises the steps of:
an oil pipe provided with an underground alternating micro-current source and a sensor is put into an underground preset position;
the method comprises the following steps of (1) utilizing an underground alternating micro-current generated by an underground alternating micro-current source as a signal source, and loading signals of underground signal data measured by a sensor onto the underground alternating micro-current;
the method comprises the steps of utilizing a shaft metal sleeve and a stratum as composite media for conducting underground alternating micro-current, selecting any two points in a shaft metal sleeve-stratum composite media network as signal acquisition points, utilizing a ground signal receiver to measure voltage values between the two points to acquire a voltage fluctuation rule, and demodulating and extracting underground signal data according to a signal coding mode.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the signal loading is encoding the downhole signal data on downhole alternating micro-current such that the fluctuation pattern of the downhole alternating micro-current is representative of the downhole signal data value.
11. The method of claim 9, further comprising the step of downhole estimating downhole transmit power and surface signal received strength:
by analyzing the resistance distribution of the composite medium network of the metal casing pipe of the shaft and the stratum, the voltage between each position point is calculated by utilizing the ampere theorem, so that the underground transmitting power and the ground signal receiving intensity are determined.
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| CN202111664035.1A CN114622900A (en) | 2021-12-30 | 2021-12-30 | Underground information transmission device and method based on micro-current |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114635672A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-06-17 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Shale gas downhole production dynamic monitoring method and system |
| CN115680632A (en) * | 2022-12-30 | 2023-02-03 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Underground micro-current signal wireless uploading method and device |
-
2021
- 2021-12-30 CN CN202111664035.1A patent/CN114622900A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114635672A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-06-17 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Shale gas downhole production dynamic monitoring method and system |
| CN114635672B (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2024-05-28 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Shale gas downhole production dynamic monitoring method and system |
| CN115680632A (en) * | 2022-12-30 | 2023-02-03 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Underground micro-current signal wireless uploading method and device |
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