CN101291015A - Electromagnetic emitting antenna along with drill, down-hole data communication system and method - Google Patents
Electromagnetic emitting antenna along with drill, down-hole data communication system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101291015A CN101291015A CNA2008101146310A CN200810114631A CN101291015A CN 101291015 A CN101291015 A CN 101291015A CN A2008101146310 A CNA2008101146310 A CN A2008101146310A CN 200810114631 A CN200810114631 A CN 200810114631A CN 101291015 A CN101291015 A CN 101291015A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007745 plasma electrolytic oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides an electromagnetic sending antenna while drilling, an underground data transmission system and a method. The sending antenna comprises a dipole; the dipole comprises a hollow pipe nipple and an upper connector and a lower connector which are connected with the pipe nipple; and the upper connector and the lower connector are two electrodes of the dipole. Underground data can be transmitted by the antenna and the transmission power is high; a data transmission channel is established based on the sending antenna; the underground data is transmitted to the ground without being limited by well drilling and well drilling fluid; and the transmission power is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a data transmission technology, in particular to a transmission technology of measured data in measurement-while-drilling or non-measurement-while-drilling instrument equipment such as petroleum, mines, geological exploration and the like, and specifically relates to an electromagnetic transmitting antenna while drilling, a downhole data transmission system and a method.
Background
In the current drilling engineering of petroleum, mine, geological exploration and the like, in order to enable a drilling track to drill more accurately according to engineering design requirements and more timely and accurately master stratum information, a directional sensor and a sensor for acquiring geological information need to be installed at a position close to a drill bit. The sensors measure underground along with the drilling of the drilling machine, and simultaneously, data collected by the sensors are transmitted to the ground in real time, so that engineering technicians can know the track of a shaft and the change of formation information in time.
At present, there are two methods for transmitting downhole measurement information in a drilling process, one is 'wired transmission'; one is "mud pulse transmission". Wherein,
the wired transmission is that the lower end of an armored single-core cable is connected with a measuring instrument and is put into an underground drill collar through a channel of a drill column, and data obtained by the measuring instrument is transmitted to the ground through the armored single-core cable. This method cannot be used in rotary drilling and wells with a well angle greater than 45 degrees. Because the cable is twisted off within the passageway of the drill string if the drill string is rotated; in addition, when the angle of inclination is greater than 45 degrees, it is difficult to lower the tool down to the well by its own weight.
"mud pulse transmission" is the use of a pulser mounted in a drill collar to generate pressure waves in the mud in the drill string passage, which carry data up. This telemetry method can only be used in drilling construction with normal mud as the medium, and if it is used in underbalanced drilling, it will not be possible to transmit downhole data, because the drilling fluid (medium) is gas or foam mud in underbalanced drilling. Gas and foam slurries are compressible and the pressure pulses generated in such media can be severely distorted resulting in the receiving transducer not extracting the signal properly.
Chinese patent application No. 200410005527.X, publication No. CN 1657742a, discloses an electromagnetic telemetry method and system for measurement while drilling, which is incorporated herein by reference.
One is disclosed in U.S. patent application serial No. US 4630243, the contents of which are incorporated herein.
In the related art, the downhole transmitting antenna disclosed belongs to an electromagnetic induction type transmitting antenna, which induces a modulated signal to a drill string through a coil. The transmission power of such an antenna is:
(P=(U0 2)/R=U2·(N0/N)2/R)
in the formula: p: the power emitted by the antenna; u shape0: the voltage across the dipole antenna; u: a signal source voltage; n is a radical of0: the electromagnetic induction type antenna secondary side wire turn is a drill rod and is equivalent to a coil; n: a primary coil, N being an integer greater than 1; r: the formation resistance.
Therefore, the transmission power of the antenna is P ═ U (U)2/N2) and/R. Therefore, the transmission power is affected by the primary coil, and the larger N, the smaller the transmission power.
Therefore, in gas and foam drilling, a new transmission channel must be found to upload data collected by downhole sensors to the surface.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a transmitting antenna, which can transmit underground data and has high transmission power.
The invention also aims to provide a downhole data transmission system, by which downhole data can be transmitted to the ground, which is not limited by drilling and drilling fluids and has high transmission power.
It is also an object of the present invention to provide a downhole data transmission method by which downhole data can be transmitted to the surface without being limited by the type of drilling and the drilling fluid, and the transmission power is high.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a transmitting antenna, which includes a dipole, wherein the dipole includes a hollow short section, and an upper joint and a lower joint connected to the short section, and the upper joint and the lower joint are two poles of the dipole.
To achieve the above object, the present invention further provides a downhole data transmission system, comprising:
the underground transmitting unit is used for acquiring underground data, modulating the underground data into an electromagnetic signal and transmitting the electromagnetic signal;
the transmitting antenna is connected with the underground transmitting unit, arranged between an upper drill collar and a lower drill collar of the drilling machine, and used for receiving the electromagnetic signal transmitted by the underground transmitting unit and transmitting the electromagnetic signal through a conduction loop formed by the upper drill collar, a drill string connected with the upper drill collar, the lower drill collar, a drill bit connected with the lower drill collar and a stratum;
and the detection unit is used for receiving the electromagnetic signal transmitted by the transmitting antenna through the conductive loop.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention further provides a downhole data transmission method, including:
the method comprises the following steps that a downhole transmitting unit acquires downhole data and modulates the downhole data into electromagnetic signals;
transmitting the electromagnetic signal to a transmitting antenna arranged between an upper drill collar and a lower drill collar of the drilling machine;
the transmitting antenna receives the electromagnetic signal and transmits the electromagnetic signal to a detection unit through a conduction loop formed by an upper drill collar, a drill string connected with the upper drill collar, a lower drill collar, a drill bit connected with the lower drill collar and a stratum.
The invention has the advantages that the underground data transmission channel is established on the basis of the transmitting antenna, the underground data is transmitted to the ground, the underground data transmission channel is not limited by drilling and drilling fluid, and the transmission power is high.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a transmitting antenna of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective cross-sectional view of a transmitting antenna of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a system for downhole data transmission according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments and accompanying drawings. The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are provided to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.
The following describes in detail a specific embodiment of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
Example 1
The invention provides a transmitting antenna which comprises a dipole, wherein the dipole comprises a hollow short section, an upper joint and a lower joint, wherein the upper joint and the lower joint are connected with the short section and are used as two poles of the dipole.
According to the above embodiment, the signals can be received by the two poles of the dipole of the transmitting antenna and transmitted, and the method can be widely applied to special process wells using various media as drilling fluids, such as directional drilling, horizontal drilling, underbalanced drilling and the like, or to data transmission during measurement while drilling in conventional drilling.
The number of the short sections can be one, 2 or more, and the short sections are connected in an insulating mode.
In this embodiment, it is preferable that the short sections are 2 short sections connected by a screw with an insulating layer.
In this embodiment, the transmitting antenna further includes an insulating layer disposed at the connection seams between the upper joint, the lower joint and the short section of the outer wall of the dipole and the inner wall of the dipole.
The short sections are connected with each other through threads, and the short sections are connected with the upper joint and the lower joint through threads. And an insulating layer is arranged at the joint of the outer dipole wall and the inner dipole wall.
Wherein, the short section is made of titanium alloy. The upper and lower joints are made of steel, but are not limited to the above materials, and other materials may be used as necessary.
The structure of the transmitting antenna with 2 short sections is described in detail below with reference to fig. 1 and 2.
As shown in fig. 1, the transmitting antenna includes a dipole 100, the dipole 100 includes a hollow sub, and an upper connector 103 and a lower connector 104 connected to the sub, the upper connector 103 and the lower connector 104 being two poles of the dipole.
In this embodiment, the upper joint 103 and the lower joint 104 are steel joints, and the nipples 101 and 102 are made of titanium alloy.
In the present embodiment, joints 101 and 102 are insulated and connected by a screw. Threaded connections are also adopted between the nipple 101 and the upper joint 103 and between the nipple 102 and the lower joint 104.
For example, the left end of the lower joint 104 is a female screw, the right end is a male screw, the male screw of the lower joint 104 is connected with the female screw of the short section 102, the male screw of the right end of the short section 102 is connected with the female screw of the short section 101, the male screw of the right end of the short section 101 is connected with the female screw of the left end of the upper joint 103, and the short sections 101 and 102, the upper joint 103 and the lower joint 104 are not detached once connected.
However, in the present invention, the connection between the above-mentioned portions is not limited to the above-mentioned manner, and other manners may be adopted.
Wherein, the short sections 101 and 102 are connected in an insulating way, in the embodiment, the screw threads at the two ends of the short sections 101 and 102 can be processed by the electrochemical method of 'micro-arc oxidation' to form an oxide layer with the thickness of 0.03-0.1 mm, and the oxide layer has the insulating property, so that the two short sections 101 and 102 can be insulated from each other after the screw threads of the short sections 101 and 102 are connected.
Thus, when the upper connector 103 and the lower connector 104 are connected, the upper connector 103 and the lower connector 104 form the two electrodes of the antenna, and the whole assembly forms a "hertzian dipole", i.e. the dipole antenna.
In addition, when the antenna is used for downhole data transmission, in order to prevent high-pressure mud from leaking into the connecting screw seam or an oxide layer between the well wall and the debris scraping short joints 101 and 102, the antenna can further comprise insulating layers 105 and 106, the insulating layers 105 and 106 cover the threaded connecting seam between the inner wall and the outer wall of the dipole, wherein the material of the insulating layers 105 and 106 can adopt ceramic or resin materials, but is not limited to the material, and other materials can also be adopted as required.
As shown in fig. 2, two poles of the antenna may be connected to the downhole transmitting unit 107 for receiving the electromagnetic signal transmitted by the downhole transmitting unit 107 and transmitting the electromagnetic signal. The downhole transmitting unit 107 is configured to collect downhole data, modulate the data into an electromagnetic signal, and transmit the electromagnetic signal to an antenna.
For example, a downhole transmitting unit, such as an electromagnetic transmitter 107, may be mounted on the fabricated antenna, and two electrode pads 108, 109 on the electromagnetic transmitter 107 are closely attached to the lower joint 104 and the upper joint 103, respectively.
Example 2
The transmitting antenna of embodiment 1 can be used in any data transmission case, and in this embodiment, the transmitting antenna is described in combination with downhole measurement while drilling.
As shown in fig. 3, the transmitting antenna 301 of the embodiment 1 is connected to the upper drill collar 302 and the lower drill collar 303 of the drilling machine, and at this time, the electromagnetic signal transmitted by the downhole electromagnetic transmitting unit 107 is applied to the upper drill collar 302 and the drill string (not shown) connected to the upper drill collar 302, and the lower drill collar 303 and the drill bit (not shown) connected to the lower drill collar 303, so that the transmitting antenna of the downhole embodiment 1, in combination with the upper drill collar 302, the drill string, the lower drill collar 303 and the drill bit, forms a hertzian dipole antenna, which can establish a channel for transmitting downhole data while drilling.
In this embodiment, an electromagnetic signal transmitted by a downhole transmitting unit may be received by the transmitting antenna and transmitted, where the transmission power of the transmitting antenna is: p1=U2and/R. In contrast to the related art, P1/P=N2And > 1, it can be seen that the antenna transmission power of the present invention is greater than that of the related art. In addition, the transmitting antenna can be widely applied to the drilling fluid using various mediaThe special process well, such as directional drilling, horizontal drilling, thousand balance drilling and the like, or the special process well is applied to data transmission of measurement while drilling in conventional drilling.
Example 3
The present invention also provides a downhole data transmission system, as shown in fig. 3, comprising: the device comprises an underground transmitting unit, a transmitting antenna and a detecting unit; wherein,
the underground transmitting unit is used for acquiring underground data, modulating the underground data into electromagnetic signals and transmitting the electromagnetic signals; the transmitting antenna is connected with the underground transmitting unit, arranged between an upper drill collar and a lower drill collar of a drilling machine, and used for receiving the electromagnetic signal transmitted by the underground transmitting unit and transmitting the electromagnetic signal through a conduction loop formed by the upper drill collar, a drill string connected with the upper drill collar, the lower drill collar, a drill bit connected with the lower drill collar and a stratum; the detection unit is used for receiving the electromagnetic signal transmitted by the transmitting antenna through the conductive loop.
According to the embodiment, the method for establishing the downhole data uploading channel on the basis of the transmitting antenna is used for overcoming the problems in the existing downhole transmission channel technology. The wireless electromagnetic transmitting antenna and the downhole data uploading channel established on the basis of the wireless electromagnetic transmitting antenna can be widely used for measurement while drilling in special process wells (such as directional drilling, horizontal drilling, underbalanced drilling and the like) or conventional drilling wells which take various media as drilling fluids.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the downhole transmitting unit, such as an electromagnetic transmitter, is disposed in a cavity in the transmitting antenna, but is not limited thereto, and the downhole transmitting unit may be disposed at any position and may be connected to both poles of the transmitting antenna by a wire.
The principle of data transmission by adopting the system is as follows:
an electromagnetic transmitter collects downhole data, modulates the downhole data into an electromagnetic signal and applies the electromagnetic signal to the transmitting antenna 301, two poles of the transmitting antenna 301 receive the electromagnetic signal, and a conduction loop is formed by the upper drill collar 302, a drill string connected with the upper drill collar 302, the lower drill collar 303, a drill bit connected with the lower drill collar 303 and a stratum 304; wherein, the signal voltage applied to the two poles of the transmitting antenna 301 generates a signal current 1 in a loop, the signal current 1 propagates upwards along the drill string, and specifically the signal current propagates through the loop formed by the upper drill collar 302, the drill string, the ground layer 304, the drill bit and the lower drill collar 303; while the current traveling up the drill string and the current entering the formation 304 also radiates electromagnetic waves 2, the current traveling up the drill string is detected at the surface by a detection device 305 and the radiated electromagnetic waves are detected by a ground electrode 306, so that the collected downhole data can be acquired.
Example 4
The invention also provides a downhole data transmission method, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps that a downhole transmitting unit acquires downhole data and modulates the downhole data into electromagnetic signals; transmitting the electromagnetic signal to a transmitting antenna arranged between an upper drill collar and a lower drill collar of the drilling machine; the transmitting antenna receives the electromagnetic signal and transmits the electromagnetic signal to the detection unit through a conduction loop formed by an upper drill collar, a drill string connected with the upper drill collar, a lower drill collar, a drill bit connected with the lower drill collar and a stratum.
The specific transmission method is as described in embodiment 3, and is not described herein again.
According to the embodiment, the invention can be widely applied to special process wells taking various media as drilling fluids, such as directional drilling, horizontal drilling, thousand balance drilling and the like, or applied to measurement while drilling in conventional drilling, and has high transmission power.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (14)
1. A transmitting antenna is characterized in that the transmitting antenna comprises a dipole, the dipole comprises a hollow short section, an upper joint and a lower joint, the upper joint and the lower joint are connected with the short section, and the upper joint and the lower joint are two poles of the dipole.
2. The transmitting antenna of claim 1, wherein the number of short sections is two or more, and the two or more short sections are connected in an insulated manner.
3. The transmitting antenna of claim 2, characterized in that threaded connections are provided between the subs, between the subs and the upper and lower joints.
4. The transmitting antenna according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that it further comprises an insulating layer provided at the connection with the outer dipole wall and the inner dipole wall.
5. The transmitting antenna of claim 1, wherein the nipple is made of a titanium alloy.
6. The transmitting antenna of claim 1, wherein the upper and lower tabs are made of steel.
7. A downhole data transmission system, the data transmission system comprising:
the underground transmitting unit is used for acquiring underground data, modulating the underground data into an electromagnetic signal and transmitting the electromagnetic signal;
the transmitting antenna is connected with the underground transmitting unit, arranged between an upper drill collar and a lower drill collar of the drilling machine, and used for receiving the electromagnetic signal transmitted by the underground transmitting unit and transmitting the electromagnetic signal through a conduction loop formed by the upper drill collar, a drill string connected with the upper drill collar, the lower drill collar, a drill bit connected with the lower drill collar and a stratum;
and the detection unit is used for receiving the electromagnetic signal transmitted by the transmitting antenna through the conductive loop.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein the dipole comprises a hollow sub, and upper and lower connectors connected to the sub, the upper and lower connectors being poles of the dipole.
9. The system of claim 8, wherein the sub is two or more, and wherein the two or more sub are in insulated connection.
10. The system of claim 9, wherein threaded connections are provided between the sub, the sub and the upper and lower joints.
11. The system as claimed in claim 9 or 10, wherein the outer dipole wall, the junction of the inner dipole wall, and the junction of the inner and outer dipole walls with the upper and lower drill collars are provided with an insulating layer.
12. The system of claim 8, wherein the nipple is made of a titanium alloy; the upper joint and the lower joint are made of steel.
13. The system of claim 8, wherein the downhole firing unit is disposed within a hollow chamber of the sub.
14. A method of downhole data transmission, the method comprising:
the method comprises the following steps that a downhole transmitting unit acquires downhole data and modulates the downhole data into electromagnetic signals;
transmitting the electromagnetic signal to a transmitting antenna arranged between an upper drill collar and a lower drill collar of the drilling machine;
the transmitting antenna receives the electromagnetic signal and transmits the electromagnetic signal to a detection unit through a conduction loop formed by an upper drill collar, a drill string connected with the upper drill collar, a lower drill collar, a drill bit connected with the lower drill collar and a stratum.
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CN103696755A (en) * | 2013-07-18 | 2014-04-02 | 西北工业大学 | Insulation pup joint used for electromagnetic wireless measurement while drilling and manufacturing method for insulation pup joint |
CN103835705A (en) * | 2012-11-20 | 2014-06-04 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Underground measurement information transmission system |
CN104213911A (en) * | 2013-06-05 | 2014-12-17 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Insulating connection structure between underground electromagnetic wave measurement-while-drilling devices and manufacturing method |
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CN105178948A (en) * | 2015-08-20 | 2015-12-23 | 电子科技大学 | MWD (Measurement while Drilling) signal wireless electromagnetic transmission repeater |
CN107546487A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2018-01-05 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of high-strength insulating antenna coupling assembly |
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CN109184671A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2019-01-11 | 中国地质大学(武汉) | A kind of electromagnetic measurement while drilling underground signal reception pup joint equipment |
CN110017134A (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2019-07-16 | 中国地质大学(武汉) | A kind of forced electromagnetic measurement while drilling system and measurement method |
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CN110994161B (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-11-17 | 电子科技大学 | Asymmetric broadband dipole antenna for borehole radar |
CN112160745A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2021-01-01 | 北京六合伟业科技股份有限公司 | EMWD electromagnetic wave measuring system suitable for diamond core drilling |
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