CN114136798A - Hydraulic pressure-blasting coupling fracturing model experiment system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of data simulation blasting experiments, and discloses a water pressure-blasting coupling fracturing model experiment system, which comprises the following steps: step S1, drilling a coal body; step S2, manufacturing the hexogen explosive into a waterproof and hydrostatic device (or a detonator), and placing the hexogen explosive into a hole reserved in the center of a coal body; step S3, introducing high-pressure cracking water into the coal body, filling a tracer into the water, and controlling the water injection pressure until obvious cracks are generated in the coal bed; step S4, igniting the waterproof hydraulic device (or detonator) in the coal hole; step S5, high-pressure fracturing water is introduced into the secondary fracturing coal holes again to realize tertiary fracturing of the coal bed; and step S6, gas extraction is carried out and the gas content is checked. In the invention, the computer can be used for remotely controlling and synchronously acquiring the image data of the blasting experiment site and analyzing and knowing the acquired image data, thereby achieving the purpose of three-dimensional reconstruction of the blasting site and conveniently and objectively observing the blasting process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of data simulation blasting experiments, in particular to a water pressure-blasting coupling fracturing model experiment system.
Background
The traditional blasting theory considers that: when the diameter of the explosive charge is kept unchanged, the aperture is enlarged, or the diameter of the explosive charge is reduced after the aperture is kept unchanged, gaps among the explosive charge are enlarged more and more, the phenomenon is called decoupling phenomenon of blasting, the ratio of the aperture to the diameter of the explosive charge is called decoupling coefficient, the adoption of decoupling charging can reduce the peak pressure of detonation waves, and the energy loss of the explosive caused by excessively crushing rock surfaces near the hole wall is reduced, so that tensile stress is generated in the tangential direction of the explosive charge, radial cracks can be generated on the hole wall, and the cracks in the connecting line direction are promoted to develop and extend longer than those in other directions because adjacent blast holes are empty holes mutually and stress concentration is generated on two sides of the hole wall of the connecting line of the blast holes.
In the presplitting blasting crack forming mechanism, the control of the uncoupling performance and the uncoupling coefficient always occupies an important position, people can control blasting crack forming and protect a building base surface to gradually form a presplitting blasting theory through the uncoupling phenomenon at first, coupling charging is adopted for many times in the blasting construction process, the effect of protecting the wall surface and forming cracks is also obtained, and the contradiction is generated with the traditional theory, and the method aims to deeply know the crushing area, the crack area range and the crack expansion condition of the blasting coupling crack coal body. Therefore, a hydraulic pressure-blasting coupling fracturing model experiment system is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly solves the technical problems in the prior art and provides a hydraulic pressure-blasting coupling fracturing model experiment system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme that the water pressure-blasting coupling fracturing model experiment system comprises the following steps:
step S1, cement, gypsum, pulverized coal, sand, crushed mica and water are selected to prepare a coal body similar material (or a cement mortar test block), and the coal body is drilled;
step S2, manufacturing the hexogen explosive into a waterproof and hydrostatic device (or a detonator), and placing the hexogen explosive into a hole reserved in the center of a coal body;
step S3, introducing high-pressure cracking water into the coal body, filling a tracer into the water, and controlling the water injection pressure until obvious cracks are generated in the coal bed;
step S4, detonating a waterproof hydraulic device (or a detonator) in the coal body hole to realize secondary fracturing of the coal bed;
step S5, high-pressure fracturing water is introduced into the secondary fracturing coal holes again to realize tertiary fracturing of the coal bed;
step S6, gas extraction is carried out, the gas content is checked, and if the gas content meets the mining conditions, coal seam mining is carried out; and if the gas content does not meet the mining conditions, repeating the steps S1 to S5 until the coal seam meets the mining conditions.
Preferably, the model experiment system adopts a gas control system, a water injection system, an explosion system, an axial pressure loading system, a confining pressure control system and a sound emission detection system, a reserved hole is formed in the central point position of the coal body of the experiment model, a waterproof and hydraulic resistant device (or a detonator) made of hexogen explosive is placed into the reserved hole formed in the coal body of the experiment model to form an explosion hole, the model experiment system also comprises a data acquisition system, the data acquisition system acquires and summarizes all data information and detection information arranged in the gas control system, the water injection system, the explosion system, the axial pressure loading system, the confining pressure control system and the sound emission detection system, the gas control system comprises a gas pressure control system and a gas saturation detection system, and gas is discharged into the coal body of the experiment model at a specified pressure through a gas pressure control system control device, the gas saturation detection system is used for detecting the gas content in the coal seam of the experimental model coal body, and the gas saturation detection system is used for recording and displaying the gas content saturation in the coal seam.
Preferably, the water injection system comprises a water pressure control system, a water quality detection system and a water injection amount control system, the water injection amount control system is used for controlling and accumulating a specified amount of experimental water and injecting a tracer into the water, the water quality detection system is used for detecting and recording the experimental water, and the water pressure control system is used for controlling the device to inject water into the blast hole and recording and displaying the water pressure when the water is injected.
Preferably, the initiation system consists of a novel electromagnetic initiation system.
Preferably, the axial pressure loading system is an independent control system, the axial pressure loading system comprises a super-dynamic strain testing system, the axial pressure loading system controls the loading pressure, and the super-dynamic strain testing system is composed of a strain brick, a super-dynamic strain gauge and a high-speed data acquisition system.
Preferably, the confining pressure control system is also an independent control system, the confining pressure control system comprises a crack testing system and an animation simulation display system, pressure is loaded through the confining pressure control system, the crack propagation speed and the crack propagation range are recorded through the crack testing system, and the crack propagation path and the crack propagation range generated by blasting are displayed through the animation simulation display system.
Preferably, the animation simulation display system consists of three-dimensional digital image simulation software and a full-automatic robot shooting system, the full-automatic robot shooting system carried by the animation simulation display system consists of a single-lens reflex digital camera, a precise fisheye lens and a full-automatic shooting holder, can shoot a panoramic picture of a blasting site in one minute and automatically generate a site panoramic image so as to achieve the purpose of three-dimensional reconstruction of the blasting site, the animation simulation display system is matched with a wireless transmission module, and the wireless data transmission function utilizes wireless WIFI and 5G network transmission technology to immediately transmit the image shot by the blasting experiment site to a computer.
Preferably, the acoustic emission detection system is used for testing acoustic emission number in the fracturing process, and an ultrasonic tester is used for testing longitudinal wave velocity of the coal body before and after fracturing.
Preferably, the data acquisition system generates visual reports of all the data information and detection information in the gas control system, the water injection system, the detonation system, the axle pressure loading system, the confining pressure control system and the acoustic emission detection system, and simultaneously generates a database, and the database performs comparative analysis on experimental results generated by setting different data information.
Advantageous effects
The invention provides a hydraulic pressure-blasting coupling fracturing model experiment system. The method has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the hydraulic pressure-blasting coupling fracturing model experiment system is characterized in that strain bricks are arranged in the diagonal direction of the center of the bottom of a blast hole and in the axial direction of the bottom of the blast hole, a super-dynamic strain gauge is combined to test and analyze coal body strain under different types of stress, gas pressure and blasting load, a high-speed data acquisition system is used for acquiring data detected and analyzed by the super-dynamic strain gauge and transmitting the data to a computer, a sensing coil is arranged on a concentric cylinder taking the blast hole as the center, a test system improved by the blast gauge is used for testing crack propagation speed and range, the crack propagation speed and range are recorded by a crack test system, a crack propagation path and range generated by blasting are displayed by an animation simulation display system, and the animation simulation display system consists of three-dimensional digital graphic simulation software and a full-automatic robot shooting system, a full-automatic robot shooting system carried by an animation simulation display system consists of a single lens reflex digital camera, a precise fisheye lens and a full-automatic shooting holder, can shoot a panoramic picture of a blasting site in one minute and automatically generate a site panoramic image to achieve the purpose of three-dimensional reconstruction of the blasting site, so that people can observe the blasting process more objectively through the animation simulation display system, observe the path change of cracks on a coal body by controlling the playing speed of the animation simulation display system, the animation simulation display system can be selectively provided with a wireless transmission module, the wireless data transmission function utilizes wireless WIFI and 5G network transmission technology to immediately transmit the image shot at the blasting experiment site to a computer, technicians can remotely control and synchronously obtain the image data of the blasting experiment site through the computer and analyze and understand the obtained image data to achieve the purpose of three-dimensional reconstruction of the blasting site, the blasting process can be conveniently and objectively observed.
(2) This water pressure-blasting coupling fracturing model experiment system, discharge gas with appointed pressure to the experiment model coal body in through gas pressure control system controlgear, after the experiment model coal body adsorbs the gas of certain time, gas control system control closes the equipment valve, detect the gas content that contains in the experiment model coal body coal layer through gas saturation detecting system, gas saturation detecting system records and shows the gas content saturation in the coal layer, the effect of controlling gas discharge pressure and detecting the gas content saturation in the coal layer has been reached.
(3) The water pressure-blasting coupling fracturing model experiment system is characterized in that a water injection amount control system is used for controlling and accumulating specified amount of experiment water and throwing a tracer into the water, a water quality detection system is used for detecting and recording the experiment water, and a water pressure control system is used for controlling the water pressure when equipment is injected into a blasting hole to achieve the purposes of controlling, recording and displaying the water pressure of the injected water.
(4) The hydraulic pressure-blasting coupling fracturing model experiment system determines the damage degree and the damage range through the ultrasonic tester, performs gas flow rate test on fractured coal, analyzes the permeability of the coal, observes the crushing area, the fracture area range and the crack propagation condition of the fractured coal, and analyzes the crack propagation rule.
(5) According to the water pressure-blasting coupling fracturing model experiment system, the data acquisition system is used for generating visual reports of data information and detection information in the gas control system, the water injection system, the detonation system, the axle pressure loading system, the confining pressure control system and the acoustic emission detection system, and meanwhile, a database is generated, and the purpose of conveniently carrying out contrastive analysis on experiment results generated by setting different data information is achieved through the set database.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and that other embodiments can be derived from the drawings provided by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.
The structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the present specification are only used for matching with the contents disclosed in the specification, so as to be understood and read by those skilled in the art, and are not used to limit the conditions that the present invention can be implemented, so that the present invention has no technical significance, and any structural modifications, changes in the ratio relationship, or adjustments of the sizes, without affecting the effects and the achievable by the present invention, should still fall within the range that the technical contents disclosed in the present invention can cover.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic partial flow diagram of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a partial flow diagram of the system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example (b): as shown in fig. 1-3, a hydraulic-blasting coupling fracturing model experiment system, the coupling mode of the system comprises the following steps:
step S1, cement, gypsum, pulverized coal, sand, crushed mica and water are selected to prepare a coal body similar material (or a cement mortar test block), and the coal body is drilled;
step S2, manufacturing the hexogen explosive into a waterproof and hydrostatic device (or a detonator), and placing the hexogen explosive into a hole reserved in the center of a coal body;
step S3, introducing high-pressure cracking water into the coal body, filling a tracer into the water, and controlling the water injection pressure until obvious cracks are generated in the coal bed;
step S4, detonating a waterproof hydraulic device (or a detonator) in the coal body hole to realize secondary fracturing of the coal bed;
step S5, high-pressure fracturing water is introduced into the secondary fracturing coal holes again to realize tertiary fracturing of the coal bed;
step S6, gas extraction is carried out, the gas content is checked, and if the gas content meets the mining conditions, coal seam mining is carried out; and if the gas content does not meet the mining conditions, repeating the steps S1 to S5 until the coal seam meets the mining conditions.
The model experiment system adopts a gas control system, a water injection system, an initiation system, an axial pressure loading system, a confining pressure control system and a sound emission detection system, a reserved hole is formed in the central point position of an experiment model coal body, a black cord metal explosive is made into a waterproof and water-resistant pressure device (or a detonator) and is put into the reserved hole formed in the experiment model coal body to form a blast hole, the model experiment system also comprises a data acquisition system, the data acquisition system acquires and summarizes all data information and detection information arranged in the gas control system, the water injection system, the initiation system, the axial pressure loading system, the confining pressure control system and the sound emission detection system, the gas control system comprises a gas pressure control system and a gas saturation detection system, and gas is discharged into the experiment model coal body at specified pressure through a gas pressure control system control device, the gas saturation detection system is used for detecting the gas content in the coal seam of the experimental model coal body, and the gas saturation detection system is used for recording and displaying the gas content saturation in the coal seam.
The water injection system comprises a water pressure control system, a water quality detection system and a water injection amount control system, the water injection amount control system is used for controlling and accumulating specified amount of experimental water and throwing a tracer into the water, the water quality detection system is used for detecting and recording the experimental water, and the water pressure control system is used for controlling the water pressure when equipment is used for injecting water into the blast hole and recording and displaying the water pressure when the water is injected.
The detonation system consists of a novel electromagnetic detonation system.
The axial pressure loading system is an independent control system and comprises a super-dynamic strain testing system, loading pressure is controlled through the axial pressure loading system, and the super-dynamic strain testing system is composed of a strain brick, a super-dynamic strain gauge and a high-speed data acquisition system.
The confining pressure control system is also an independent control system and comprises a crack test system and an animation simulation display system, pressure is loaded through the confining pressure control system, the crack propagation speed and the crack propagation range are recorded through the crack test system, and the crack propagation path and the crack propagation range generated by blasting are displayed through the animation simulation display system.
The system comprises a single-lens reflex digital camera, a precise fisheye lens and a full-automatic shooting holder, can shoot a panoramic picture of a blasting site in one minute and automatically generate a site panoramic picture to achieve the purpose of blasting site three-dimensional reconstruction, and the animation analog display system is matched with a wireless transmission module, and the wireless data transmission function utilizes wireless WIFI and 5G network transmission technology to immediately transmit the image shot in the blasting experiment site to a computer.
The acoustic emission detection system is used for testing acoustic emission number in the fracturing process, and an ultrasonic tester is used for testing longitudinal wave velocity of coal bodies before and after fracturing.
The data acquisition system generates visual reports of all the set data information and detection information in the gas control system, the water injection system, the detonation system, the axle pressure loading system, the confining pressure control system and the acoustic emission detection system, and simultaneously generates a database, and the database performs comparative analysis on experimental results generated by setting different data information.
The working steps are as follows: during the preparation period of the experiment, cement, gypsum, powdered coal, sand, crushed mica, water and the like are firstly selected to prepare a coal body similar material or a cement mortar test block, the physical and mechanical performance parameters of the coal body similar material or the cement mortar test block are measured, the size of a model with reasonable design is designed, the model is put into a three-dimensional loading device and is sealed to obtain the required experimental model coal body, a reserved hole is arranged at the central point of the experimental model coal body, a waterproof and waterproof device (or a detonator) made of hexogen explosive is put into the reserved hole arranged on the experimental model coal body to form a blast hole, gas is discharged into the experimental model coal body at the specified pressure through a gas pressure control system control device, after the experimental model coal body absorbs the gas for a certain time, the gas control system controls and closes a device valve, the gas saturation detection system detects the content of the gas contained in the experimental model coal body, and the gas saturation detection system records and displays the gas content saturation in the coal bed.
The water pressure control system controls the water pressure when the equipment is filled into the blast hole and records and displays the water pressure when the water is filled.
The electromagnetic detonator is safer and more reliable, and can prevent the accidental explosion caused by stray current, static electricity, thunder and lightning and radio frequency and the misfire caused by electric leakage, and the electromagnetic detonator is used for connecting the electromagnetic detonators electromagnetically through the conversion core wire of the electromagnetic converter without using the leg wire connection and the blasting network calculation among the detonators.
Strain bricks are arranged in the diagonal direction of the center of the bottom of a blast hole and the axial direction of the bottom of the blast hole, a super-dynamic strain gauge is combined to test and analyze coal body strain under different types of stress, gas pressure and blast load, a high-speed data acquisition system is used for acquiring data detected and analyzed by the super-dynamic strain gauge and transmitting the data to a computer, a sensing coil is arranged on a concentric cylinder taking the blast hole as the center, a test system improved by the blast gauge is used for testing the crack propagation speed and range, the crack propagation speed and range are recorded by a crack test system, the crack propagation path and range generated by blasting are displayed by an animation analog display system, the animation analog display system consists of three-dimensional digital graphic simulation software and a full-automatic robot shooting system, and the full-automatic robot shooting system is carried by the animation analog display system, the system comprises a single-lens reflex digital camera, a precise fisheye lens and a full-automatic shooting holder, can shoot panoramic pictures of a blasting site in one minute, automatically generate a site panoramic image, and achieve the purpose of three-dimensional reconstruction of the blasting site, so that people can observe the blasting process more objectively through an animation simulation display system, observe the path change of cracks on a coal body by controlling the playing speed of the animation simulation display system, the animation simulation display system can be selectively provided with a wireless transmission module, the data wireless transmission function utilizes wireless WIFI and 5G network transmission technology to immediately transmit the images shot on the blasting experiment site to a computer, and technicians can remotely control and synchronously obtain the image data of the blasting experiment site through the computer and analyze and understand the obtained image data.
The damage degree and the damage range are determined by an ultrasonic tester, the gas flow rate of the fractured coal body is tested, the permeability of the coal body is analyzed, the range of the crushing area and the fracture area of the fractured coal body and the crack propagation condition are observed, and the crack propagation rule is analyzed.
The damage degree and the damage range are determined by an ultrasonic tester, the gas flow rate of the fractured coal body is tested, the permeability of the coal body is analyzed, the range of the crushing area and the fracture area of the fractured coal body and the crack propagation condition are observed, and the crack propagation rule is analyzed.
The data acquisition system acquires and summarizes all set data information and detection information in the gas control system, the water injection system, the detonation system, the axle pressure loading system, the confining pressure control system and the acoustic emission detection system, all set data information and detection information in the gas control system, the water injection system, the detonation system, the axle pressure loading system, the confining pressure control system and the acoustic emission detection system are generated into visual reports through the data acquisition system, a database is generated at the same time, and the database contrasts and analyzes experimental results generated by setting different data information.
The water pressure blasting (a blasting method, the blasting energy is acted into the formed water-containing cracks by utilizing the energy transfer function and flame suppression function of water) is adopted to expand the range and the number of the cracks and achieve a better cracking effect; the acoustic emission system is mainly used for testing acoustic emission number inside a rock body and inverting crack generation in the hydraulic fracturing process; after blasting, under the premise of not completely destroying the hole sealing effect, hydraulic fracturing can be carried out again to further enlarge the crack range, or hydraulic blasting is firstly carried out, then hydraulic fracturing is carried out, and hydraulic fracturing is carried out again on the basis of forming some cracks and disturbing the stress change of the rock mass through blasting to increase cracks. The main purpose is to improve the gas permeability of the coal body containing gas through fracturing, facilitate the extraction of the coal bed, reduce the gas concentration and improve the safety of the coal mining process.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a water pressure-blasting coupling fracturing model experimental system which characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step S1, cement, gypsum, pulverized coal, sand, crushed mica and water are selected to prepare a coal body similar material (or a cement mortar test block), and the coal body is drilled;
step S2, manufacturing the hexogen explosive into a waterproof and hydrostatic device (or a detonator), and placing the hexogen explosive into a hole reserved in the center of a coal body;
step S3, introducing high-pressure cracking water into the coal body, filling a tracer into the water, and controlling the water injection pressure until obvious cracks are generated in the coal bed;
step S4, detonating a waterproof hydraulic device (or a detonator) in the coal body hole to realize secondary fracturing of the coal bed;
step S5, high-pressure fracturing water is introduced into the secondary fracturing coal holes again to realize tertiary fracturing of the coal bed;
step S6, gas extraction is carried out, the gas content is checked, and if the gas content meets the mining conditions, coal seam mining is carried out; and if the gas content does not meet the mining conditions, repeating the steps S1 to S5 until the coal seam meets the mining conditions.
2. The hydraulic pressure-blasting coupling fracturing model experimental system of claim 1, wherein: the model experiment system adopts a gas control system, a water injection system, an initiation system, an axial pressure loading system, a confining pressure control system and a sound emission detection system, a reserved hole is formed in the central point position of an experiment model coal body, a black cord metal explosive is made into a waterproof and water-resistant pressure device (or a detonator) and is put into the reserved hole formed in the experiment model coal body to form a blast hole, the model experiment system also comprises a data acquisition system, the data acquisition system acquires and summarizes all data information and detection information arranged in the gas control system, the water injection system, the initiation system, the axial pressure loading system, the confining pressure control system and the sound emission detection system, the gas control system comprises a gas pressure control system and a gas saturation detection system, and gas is discharged into the experiment model coal body at specified pressure through a gas pressure control system control device, the gas saturation detection system is used for detecting the gas content in the coal seam of the experimental model coal body, and the gas saturation detection system is used for recording and displaying the gas content saturation in the coal seam.
3. The hydraulic pressure-blasting coupling fracturing model experimental system of claim 2, wherein: the water injection system comprises a water pressure control system, a water quality detection system and a water injection amount control system, the water injection amount control system is used for controlling and accumulating specified amount of experimental water and throwing a tracer into the water, the water quality detection system is used for detecting and recording the experimental water, and the water pressure control system is used for controlling the water pressure when equipment is used for injecting water into the blast hole and recording and displaying the water pressure when the water is injected.
4. The hydraulic pressure-blasting coupling fracturing model experimental system of claim 2, wherein: the detonation system consists of a novel electromagnetic detonation system.
5. The hydraulic pressure-blasting coupling fracturing model experimental system of claim 2, wherein: the axial pressure loading system is an independent control system and comprises a super-dynamic strain testing system, loading pressure is controlled through the axial pressure loading system, and the super-dynamic strain testing system is composed of a strain brick, a super-dynamic strain gauge and a high-speed data acquisition system.
6. The hydraulic pressure-blasting coupling fracturing model experimental system of claim 2, wherein: the confining pressure control system is also an independent control system and comprises a crack test system and an animation simulation display system, pressure is loaded through the confining pressure control system, the crack propagation speed and the crack propagation range are recorded through the crack test system, and the crack propagation path and the crack propagation range generated by blasting are displayed through the animation simulation display system.
7. The hydraulic pressure-blasting coupling fracturing model experimental system of claim 6, wherein: the system comprises a single-lens reflex digital camera, a precise fisheye lens and a full-automatic shooting holder, can shoot a panoramic picture of a blasting site in one minute and automatically generate a site panoramic picture to achieve the purpose of blasting site three-dimensional reconstruction, and the animation analog display system is matched with a wireless transmission module, and the wireless data transmission function utilizes wireless WIFI and 5G network transmission technology to immediately transmit the image shot in the blasting experiment site to a computer.
8. The hydraulic pressure-blasting coupling fracturing model experimental system of claim 2, wherein: the acoustic emission detection system is used for testing acoustic emission number in the fracturing process, and an ultrasonic tester is used for testing longitudinal wave velocity of coal bodies before and after fracturing.
9. The hydraulic pressure-blasting coupling fracturing model experimental system of claim 2, wherein: the data acquisition system generates visual reports of all the set data information and detection information in the gas control system, the water injection system, the detonation system, the axle pressure loading system, the confining pressure control system and the acoustic emission detection system, and simultaneously generates a database, and the database performs comparative analysis on experimental results generated by setting different data information.
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| CN114839345B (en) * | 2022-03-28 | 2024-01-12 | 河南理工大学 | Multi-physical field coupling high-pressure gas blasting system and application method thereof |
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