CN113870678A - Large-equivalent underground multipoint time-delay blasting bomb pit effect simulation device and method - Google Patents
Large-equivalent underground multipoint time-delay blasting bomb pit effect simulation device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a large-equivalent underground multipoint delay blasting crater effect simulation device and a method, wherein the device comprises a vacuum chamber, an explosion source system, a multipoint explosion source differential delay detonation control system, a vacuum chamber operating system, a dynamic acquisition system, a digital image processing system and a crater damage form stereo reconstruction system; a box body is arranged in the vacuum chamber and is used for filling similar materials required by explosion simulation; the vacuum pump set is connected with the vacuum chamber through a pipeline; the multi-point detonation source differential delay detonation control system comprises a detonator, a detonation module, a detonating cord, an ionic electric probe, a pulse forming network and an oscilloscope; the bottom end of a glass cover in the explosion source is connected with an explosion source pressurizing control device outside the vacuum chamber; the dynamic acquisition system comprises a high-speed camera, a light source and a computer; the three-dimensional reconstruction system for the pit damage form comprises a three-dimensional scanner and a computer. The simulation method and the device can repeatedly carry out large-scale underground multipoint differential delay bomb pit effect simulation tests under different parameter conditions, and have the advantages of simple operation, low cost and strong controllability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of explosion simulation, and particularly relates to a large-equivalent underground multipoint time-delay blasting bomb pit effect simulation device and method.
Background
With the successful application of various blasting technologies in the fields of traffic, water conservancy and hydropower engineering construction, exploration and development of energy and mineral resources, disaster prevention and reduction of geological disasters and the like, the scale of engineering blasting is continuously expanded. At present, a plurality of projects adopt multipoint blasting schemes, most of the complicated charging configuration schemes are drawn up based on experience formulas with similar geometry, and a large number of blasting practices show that when the underground blasting scale is increased, the action of gravity in the forming process of throwing a crater must be considered, a simulation optimization device for large-equivalent engineering multipoint blasting is developed, not only can the blasting parameter optimization design be realized, the blasting efficiency be improved, but also the effect and the effect of the engineering multipoint blasting can be scientifically predicted and predicted, and the method has important scientific significance and engineering application value.
For a natural rock mass which is a research object of large-equivalent underground multipoint explosion, due to the complex structure and structural characteristics of the natural rock mass, the movement, deformation and destruction of the rock under the action of explosion have the characteristics of incongruity and incompatibility, the physical process is complex, and a plurality of influencing factors exist. At present, great difficulty exists in theoretical analysis, and numerical simulation is difficult to accurately perform. Although the field test can be carried out aiming at specific conditions, the research period is long, a large amount of manpower and material resources are consumed, the test risk is huge, the repeatability is poor, and the system research is difficult to develop. The method adopting the similar physical simulation test can truly and intuitively reflect the spatial relationship between the geological structure and the charge configuration, can accurately simulate the influence of various influencing factors on the formation of a crater and a bulge in the large-equivalent underground shallow-buried explosion process, enables people to more easily and comprehensively master the movement, deformation and destruction characteristics of a rock body in the explosion process, and is an effective method for researching the underground explosion problem, particularly the underground nuclear explosion problem.
At present, the main underground explosion physical model test device at home and abroad mainly comprises a centrifuge explosion simulation device. However, the centrifuge explosion simulation device is limited by the acceleration of the centrifuge and the size of the hanging basket model box, and the geotechnical explosion centrifuge has a limited simulation scale and is only suitable for the throwing explosion with small equivalent and small-proportion burial depth. And original source device that explodes adopts built-in thin wall rubber gasbag of spherical nichrome wire metal grid to make, through low-voltage current heating nichrome wire to burn and split the rubber ball and reach the purpose of release compressed gas, the device's initiation mode not only the heating time of nichrome wire is uncontrollable, can't accomplish accurate initiation control to the delay initiation of multiunit source of explosion, and rubber gasbag probably opens a breach from a certain place at random and causes gas blowout inhomogeneous moreover, does not accord with underground throwing explosion pit-forming physical process, causes the influence to the experimental simulation result.
At present, the control of the multi-point detonation source differential delay accurate detonation is lack of mature technical means in China. The common detonating fuse beam splitting method in the flexible differential delay detonation network design is not suitable for the large-equivalent vacuum chamber explosion simulation experiment, and a large-equivalent underground multipoint delay detonation crater effect simulation device and method are urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a large-equivalent underground multipoint delay blasting pit effect simulation device and method so as to solve the problem that the large-equivalent underground multipoint differential delay blasting pit effect cannot be simulated at present in China.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a large equivalent underground multipoint time-delay blast pit effect simulation apparatus, comprising:
a vacuum chamber for providing a vacuum environment;
a source explosion system comprising a plurality of source explosion devices for simulating explosion in the vacuum chamber;
the vacuum chamber operating system is connected with the vacuum chamber and is used for controlling the vacuum degree in the vacuum chamber;
and the multi-point detonation source differential delay detonation control system is used for controlling the multi-point differential delay simulation detonation of the detonation source system.
Furthermore, the multi-point detonation source differential delay detonation control system comprises a detonator, a plurality of electric detonators connected with the detonator through detonation wires, a plurality of detonating cords respectively connected with the detonation source device, ionic electric probes respectively connected with the detonating cords, and an oscilloscope connected with the ionic electric probes through a pulse forming network;
one end of each electric detonator is conical; explosive powder is arranged in the conical end of the electric detonator, and the detonating cords of all paths are isolated from each other and are connected with the conical end of each electric detonator through a first connecting piece; the first connecting piece wraps the electric detonator; the first connecting piece wraps the electric detonator and the explosive powder;
the oscilloscope is used for measuring and calculating the time delay of detonation of each path of detonating cord.
Furthermore, a protective cover is arranged outside the first connecting piece, and the electric detonator, the explosive powder and the first connecting piece are all installed in the protective cover.
Further, the source explosion device comprises a glass cover and an air pressure adjusting device for adjusting the air pressure in the glass cover; the glass cover is arranged in the vacuum chamber, and the air pressure adjusting device is arranged outside the vacuum chamber;
the lower end of the glass cover is opened and sealed by a sealing plug; the detonating cord penetrates into the glass cover through the steel pipe, and the detonating cord and the penetrating end of the steel pipe are sealed;
the air pressure adjusting device comprises an air needle arranged in the sealing plug in a penetrating mode, an electromagnetic valve connected with the air needle through a second connecting piece, a pressure buffer connected with the electromagnetic valve and a power supply;
the pressure buffer is connected with a second air compressor, a second vacuum pump, a vacuum gauge and a pressure gauge through a ball valve; the pressure buffer is also provided with a pressure relief safety valve;
the electromagnetic valve is connected with the power supply through a switch, and the power supply is used for supplying power to the electromagnetic valve.
Furthermore, a box body is arranged in the vacuum chamber and used for filling similar materials required by explosion simulation, and a base is arranged below the box body;
the vacuum chamber is provided with a connecting pipe for connecting various pipelines; one end of the vacuum chamber is provided with a flange plate as a sealing door;
the vacuum chamber operation system comprises a vacuum pump set connected with the vacuum chamber through a pipeline.
Further, the vacuum chamber operation system also comprises an automatic sealing device; the automatic closing device comprises a rotary hoop and a telescopic rod; two ends of the excircle of the rotary hoop are hinged with telescopic rods respectively, and the other ends of the telescopic rods are fixed on the base; wedge blocks are uniformly arranged on the inner circle circumference of the rotary hoop and the outer circle circumference of the flange plate at intervals, and the inclination directions of the wedge blocks on the rotary hoop and the wedge blocks on the flange plate are opposite; the telescopic rod stretches and retracts to drive the rotary hoop to rotate, so that the flange plate and the vacuum chamber are screwed or loosened.
Furthermore, the telescopic rod is a hydraulic telescopic rod or a pneumatic telescopic rod.
Furthermore, the simulation device also comprises a dynamic acquisition system for acquiring the blasting process, and the vacuum chamber is provided with an observation window; the dynamic acquisition system comprises a high-speed camera and a memory which are arranged outside the observation window and a light source which is arranged inside the vacuum chamber; one end of the high-speed camera is connected with the multi-point detonation source differential delay detonation control system, and the other end of the high-speed camera is connected with the memory; the memory stores images taken by the high-speed camera.
Furthermore, the simulation device also comprises a crater damage form stereo reconstruction system, and the crater damage form stereo reconstruction system comprises a three-dimensional scanner and a computer; the three-dimensional scanner is used for scanning the crater after the simulated explosion occurs and transmitting the scanning data to the computer; and the computer is used for reconstructing a crater damage form according to the scanning data.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a large-equivalent underground multipoint delay blasting pit effect simulation method, based on the first aspect, the large-equivalent underground multipoint delay blasting pit effect simulation apparatus includes the following steps:
installing an explosion source system in a vacuum chamber;
correspondingly connecting the multi-point detonation source differential delay detonation control system with the detonation source system;
closing the vacuum chamber, and starting a vacuum chamber operating system to manufacture a vacuum environment in the vacuum chamber;
and after the vacuum degree in the vacuum chamber meets the requirement, starting the multi-point detonation source differential delay detonation control system, and controlling the differential delay detonation of a plurality of detonation source devices in the detonation source system.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the detonation source system is arranged in the vacuum chamber, the multi-point detonation source differential delay detonation control system is correspondingly connected with the detonation source system, the multi-point detonation source differential delay detonation control system is used for controlling the delayed detonation of a plurality of detonation source devices in the detonation source system, the explosion model test in the vacuum chamber has strong controllability and wide simulation application range, and has obvious advantages in simulation of large equivalent and large buried depth underground explosion cratering phenomenon, a plurality of detonation sources are arranged in the vacuum chamber for simultaneous detonation, and the simulation effect is good, and is consistent with the physical process of underground casting explosion cratering; the simulation device can repeatedly carry out a large-scale underground multipoint aggregation blasting bomb pit effect simulation test under different parameter conditions, and has the advantages of simple operation, low cost and strong controllability;
2. the invention adopts the multi-path electric detonator to respectively detonate the multi-path flexible detonating cords, can effectively ensure the elementary error time delay of detonation, and then adopts the ionic electric probe method to test the elementary error time delay of detonation, and the elementary error time delay can be measured and recorded;
3. the glass cover and the air pressure adjusting device are used as an explosion source device, and the flexible detonating cord is used for detonating and shattering the glass cover, so that the explosion simulation effect is good;
4. the device has the advantages that test parameters such as vacuum degree and glass cover pressure value are adjustable and controllable, the simulation range is wide, extra acceleration is not required to be provided like a geotechnical centrifuge, and the device has obvious advantages when the large-scale underground shallow-buried multipoint explosion crater phenomenon is simulated;
5. the automatic sealing device of the vacuum chamber operation system adopts a wedge type clamp connection structure to realize the opening and sealing connection of the flange plate and the vacuum chamber, so that the pressure-bearing sealing performance is good, the operation is convenient, and the automation degree is high;
6. the vacuum chamber and the vacuum chamber operating system have strong universality, and the combination of the explosion source device can simulate the underground shallow chemical explosion throwing phenomenon under the conditions of spherical charge and cylindrical charge, can simulate the throwing explosion phenomenon in different geological terrain conditions and multilayer media, and has a measurement function through the dynamic acquisition system and the crater damage form three-dimensional reconstruction system;
7. compared with the existing simulation device which adopts the manufacturing cost of thousands of millions or even hundreds of millions of centrifuges, the device of the invention has low manufacturing cost, and related test results can be widely applied to the pit damage mechanism of the earth-boring nuclear weapon and the prediction and forecast of the blasting effect of large-scale engineering.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the simulation method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a detailed front view of the vacuum chamber system.
Fig. 3 is a detailed right side view of the vacuum chamber system.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a differential delay detonation control system of a multipoint detonation source.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an explosion source system.
In the figure: 1. a vacuum chamber; 2. a multi-point detonation source differential delay detonation control system; 3. a source explosion system; 4. a dynamic acquisition system in the blasting process; 5. a digital image processing system; 6. a vacuum chamber operating system; 7. a pit damage form stereo reconstruction system;
1-1, a base; 1-2, a container tank body; 1-3, moving the trolley; 1-4, rotating a hoop; 1-5, guide rails; 1-6, observation holes; 1-7, a first flanged joint pipe; 1-8, taking out a sand flange connecting pipe; 1-9, water outlet flange connecting pipe; 1-10 parts of a guardrail; 1-11, a motor; 1-12, a second flanged joint pipe; 1-13, a flange plate; 1-14, main observation window; 1-15, a pneumatic telescopic rod; 1-16 wedge
2-1, an initiator; 2-2, a detonating cord; 2-3, a protective cover; 2-4, electric detonator; 2-5, a first connecting piece; 2-6, explosive powder; 2-7, stainless steel pipes; 2-8, detonating cord; 2-9, an ionic electric probe; 2-10, forming a network by the pulse; 2-11, an oscilloscope;
3-1, glass cover; 3-2, the tail end of the detonating cord; 3-3, steel pipes; 3-4, sealing plug; 3-5, air needle; 3-6, a second connecting piece; 3-7, an electromagnetic valve; 3-8, a battery; 3-9, a switch; 3-10 parts of a pressure gauge; 3-11, a pressure relief safety valve; 3-12, a pressure buffer; 3-13, ball valve; 3-14, a vacuum gauge; 3-15, a second air compressor; 3-16 and a second vacuum pump.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
In the description of the present embodiment, it should be noted that, as the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. appear, the indicated orientation or positional relationship thereof is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for convenience of describing the present embodiment and simplifying the description, but does not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, cannot be construed as limiting the present embodiment.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the embodiment provides a big equivalent underground multiple spot time delay explosive pit effect analogue means, its characterized in that includes:
a vacuum chamber 1 for providing a vacuum environment;
a vacuum chamber operation system 6 connected to the vacuum chamber 1 for controlling the vacuum degree in the vacuum chamber 1;
a source explosion system 2, including a plurality of source explosion devices arranged in the vacuum chamber, for simulating explosion in the vacuum chamber 1;
and the multipoint detonation source differential time delay detonation control system 3 is used for controlling multipoint synchronous simulation explosion of the detonation source system 2.
The implementation principle is as follows: firstly, an explosion source system 3 is installed in a vacuum chamber 1, a multi-point explosion source differential delay detonation control system 2 is correspondingly connected with the explosion source system 3, then the vacuum chamber 1 is closed, and a vacuum chamber operating system 6 is started to manufacture a vacuum environment in the vacuum chamber 1. After the vacuum degree in the vacuum chamber 1 reaches the requirement, the multi-point detonation source differential delay detonation control system 2 is started to control a plurality of detonation source devices in the detonation source system 3 to detonate synchronously. The vacuum chamber 1 explosion model test device has strong controllability and wide simulation application range, does not need to provide extra acceleration like a geotechnical centrifuge, and has obvious advantages in the simulation of the large equivalent and large buried depth underground explosion cratering phenomenon. A plurality of explosive sources are arranged in the vacuum chamber 1 and are detonated simultaneously, the physical process is consistent with that of underground throwing explosion and pit formation, and the simulation effect is good. Compared with the existing simulation device which adopts the manufacturing cost of thousands of millions or even hundreds of millions of centrifuges, the device of the invention has low manufacturing cost, and related test results can be widely applied to the pit damage mechanism of the earth-boring nuclear weapon and the prediction and forecast of the blasting effect of large-scale engineering.
Example two:
the present embodiment provides a large equivalent underground multipoint aggregation blast hole effect simulation device, as shown in fig. 1, including:
a vacuum chamber 1 for providing a vacuum environment;
a vacuum chamber operation system 6 connected to the vacuum chamber 1 for controlling the vacuum degree in the vacuum chamber 1;
a detonation system 2 comprising a plurality of detonation devices for simulating a detonation within the vacuum chamber 1;
and the multipoint detonation source differential time delay detonation control system 3 is used for controlling multipoint synchronous simulation explosion of the detonation source system 2.
The dynamic acquisition system 4 is used for acquiring the blasting process;
and the pit damage form three-dimensional reconstruction system 7 is used for reconstructing the pit damage three-dimensional form.
As shown in fig. 4-5, the multi-point detonation source differential delay detonation control system comprises a detonator 2-1, a plurality of electric detonators 2-4 connected with the detonator 2-1 through detonating wires 2-2, a plurality of detonating cords 2-8 respectively connected with the detonation source device, ionic electric probes 2-9 respectively connected with the detonating cords 2-8, and oscilloscopes 2-11 connected with the ionic electric probes 2-9 through pulse forming networks 2-10; one end of each of the electric detonators 2-4 is conical; explosive powder 2-6 is arranged in the conical end of the electric detonator 2-4, and the detonating cords 2-8 are isolated from each other and are connected with the conical end of each electric detonator 2-4 through first connecting pieces 2-5; the first connecting piece 2-5 wraps the electric detonator 2-4; the first connecting piece 2-5 wraps the electric detonator 2-4 and the explosive powder 2-6; and the oscilloscopes 2-11 are used for measuring and calculating the time delay of the detonating of each path of detonating cord 2-8.
The explosion source system 3 comprises a glass cover 3-1, a steel pipe 3-3, a sealing plug 3-4 and an air pressure adjusting device.
The base 1-1 is used as a supporting part of the whole simulation device and is arranged at the bottommost end of the whole simulation device; the vacuum chamber 1 is arranged at one end of the base 1-1; the glass cover 3-1, the electric detonator 2-4 and the explosive powder 2-6 are all positioned in the vacuum chamber 1; one end of each path of detonating cord 2-8 is connected with each path of detonating source device 3, and the other end is connected with the explosive powder 2-6 at the end part of the conical end of each path of electric detonator 2-4; the other end of each circuit of electric detonator 2-4 is connected with the same detonator 2-1 outside the vacuum chamber; each path of electric probe 2-9 is connected with the same oscilloscope 2-11 outside the vacuum chamber 1 through a lead wire and a pulse forming network 2-10; the bottom end of a glass cover in the explosion source 3 is connected with an air pressure adjusting device outside the vacuum chamber 1. The air pressure adjusting device is used for adjusting the air pressure in the glass cover 3-1 to meet the requirement of the experiment.
The explosive powder is preferably hexogen powder. The detonating cord is preferably a flexible detonating cord which is beneficial to connection with a detonating source device and arrangement of an experimental site.
As shown in fig. 5, the end 3-2 of the explosion wire 2-8 located in the glass cover 3-1 is twisted into a spiral shape to increase the length of the explosion wire 2-8 at the center of the glass cover 3-1 and to ensure the spherical explosion effect of the explosion wire 2-8 propagating shock waves from the center of the glass cover 3-1 to the periphery. The electric detonator 2-4 detonates the multi-path flexible detonating cord 2-8 at the same time, the flexible detonating cord 2-8 detonates and shakes the broken glass cover 3-1, and then the ionic probe method is adopted to test the micro-difference delay of the detonation, and the cognitive micro-difference delay is good.
The air pressure adjusting device comprises 3-5 parts of an air needle, 3-6 parts of a second connecting piece, 3-7 parts of an electromagnetic valve, 3-8 parts of a battery, 3-9 parts of a switch, 3-12 parts of a pressure buffer, 3-13 parts of a ball valve, 3-10 parts of a pressure gauge, 3-14 parts of a vacuum gauge, 3-11 parts of a pressure relief safety valve, 3-15 parts of a second air compressor and 3-16 parts of a second vacuum pump; the air needle 3-5 penetrates through the sealing plug 3-4 to be connected with the glass cover 3-1, the air needle 3-5 is connected with the electromagnetic valve 3-7 through the connecting piece 3-6, and the other end of the electromagnetic valve 3-7 is connected with the pressure buffer 3-12; the second air compressor 3-15, the second vacuum pump 3-16, the pressure gauge 3-10 and the vacuum gauge 3-14 are all connected with the pressure buffer 3-12 through a ball valve 3-13, and the pressure buffer 3-12 is also provided with a pressure relief safety valve 3-11; the ball valve 3-13 is used for controlling the connection or the disconnection of the second air compressor 3-15 or the second vacuum pump 3-16 and the pressure buffer 3-12; when the pressure buffer 3-11 is communicated with the second air compressor 3-15, the pressure gauge 3-11 is used for measuring the pressure in the pressure buffer 3-12, namely the pressure in the glass cover 3-1; when the pressure buffer 3-11 is communicated with the second vacuum pump 3-16, the vacuum gauge 3-14 is used for measuring the vacuum degree in the pressure buffer 3-12, namely the vacuum degree in the glass cover 3-1; the battery 3-8 is connected with the electromagnetic valve 3-7 through the switch 3-9, and the battery 3-8 switches on or off the electromagnetic valve 3-7 through the switch 3-9.
When the test requires that the gas pressure in the glass cover 3-1 is lower than the atmospheric pressure, the second air compressor 3-15 and the corresponding ball valve 3-13 on the pressure gauge 3-10 are closed, the second vacuum pump 3-16 and the corresponding ball valve 3-13 on the vacuum gauge 3-14 and the switch 3-9 are opened, the pressure buffer 3-12 is pumped, when the required vacuum degree is reached, the pumping is stopped, the switch 3-9 is closed, the inner part of the glass cover 3-1 reaches a certain pressure, the electric detonators 2-4 of each circuit are detonated by the blaster 2-1 in a delayed way, then the explosive powder 2-6 is detonated in a delayed way, the flexible detonating cord 2-8 embedded in the explosive powder 2-6 is detonated, and the shock wave generated by the detonating cord 8 is detonated to break the glass cover 3-1, thereby achieving the purpose of releasing the compressed gas. Meanwhile, the ionic electric probes 2-9 in the stainless steel pipes 2-7 transmit signals into the oscilloscopes 2-11 through a pulse forming network, the differential time delay of the multipoint explosion source is determined through the pulse time difference of the oscilloscopes, and the dynamic acquisition system 4 acquires differential time delay data. The explosive powders 2-6 are preferably hexogen powders.
The electric detonator 2-4 and the first connecting piece 2-5 are both arranged in the protective cover 2-3, so that the damage of explosion shock waves to the surrounding environment is avoided. In some embodiments, the glass cover 3-1 may be a spherical, cylindrical, polygonal, or other shaped cavity structure.
As shown in fig. 2-3, the vacuum chamber 1 is a cylindrical cavity structure, and can be a horizontal type, a cubic cavity structure, a circular cavity structure, a polygonal or other cavity structure, and a vertical type; the vacuum chamber 1 is provided with a box body for filling similar materials required by explosion simulation. The main body of the vacuum chamber 1 is made of a composite steel plate (stainless steel and a container plate), an external winding sound insulation material layer and a glass fiber reinforced plastic layer. The vacuum chamber 1 is provided with a first flange connecting pipe 1-7, a second flange connecting pipe 1-9 and a third flange pipe 1-12 which are used for connecting various pipelines; one end of the vacuum chamber 1 is provided with a flange plate 1-13 as a sealing door.
As shown in fig. 1, the vacuum chamber operation system 6 includes a vacuum pump group and a system control platform connected to the vacuum chamber 1 through pipes; the vacuum pump group comprises a first vacuum pump for pumping air in the vacuum chamber 1, and the explosion source pressurizing control device of the vacuum chamber operating system 6 comprises an air pressure adjusting device. The vacuum pump set is connected with the vacuum chamber 1 through a pipeline and is used for carrying out vacuum pumping treatment in the vacuum chamber 1. The vacuum pump set is a multistage pump consisting of a sliding vane pump and a roots pump.
The vacuum chamber operation system 6 also comprises an automatic sealing device which is used for automatically screwing or loosening the flange plates 1-13 and the vacuum chamber 1 so as to lighten manual operation; the automatic sealing device comprises a rotary hoop 1-4, a pneumatic telescopic rod 1-15 and a first air compressor 11; two ends of the excircle of the rotary hoop 1-4 are respectively hinged with pneumatic telescopic rods 1-15, and the other ends of the pneumatic telescopic rods 1-15 are fixed on the base 1-1 and are connected with a first air compressor 11 through air pipes; wedge blocks 1-16 are uniformly arranged on the inner circle circumference of the hoop 1-4 and the outer circle circumference of the flange plate 1-3 at intervals, and the inclination directions of the wedge blocks 1-16 on the rotary hoop 1-4 and the wedge blocks 1-16 on the flange plate 1-3 are opposite; when the vacuum cleaner works, the rotary hoop 1-4 is driven to rotate by extending the pneumatic telescopic rod 1-15 at one end and shortening the pneumatic telescopic rod 1-15 at the other end, the wedge blocks 1-16 on the hoop 1-4 are tightly combined with or separated from the wedge blocks 1-16 on the flange plate 1-3, and the flange plate 1-13 is screwed or loosened with the vacuum chamber 1. The wedge type clamp connection structure is adopted to realize the opening and the sealing connection of the flange plates 1-3 and the vacuum chamber 1, the pressure-bearing sealing performance is good, the operation is convenient, and the automation degree is high.
The rotating angle of the rotating hoop 1-4 is controlled by the position of a magnetic switch arranged on the pneumatic telescopic rod 1-15, and can also be controlled by controlling the telescopic stroke of the pneumatic telescopic rod 1-15.
The automatic sealing device can also adopt a hydraulic telescopic rod, and the flange plates 1-13 and the vacuum chamber 1 are screwed or loosened by controlling the extension and retraction of the hydraulic telescopic rod through hydraulic pressure.
The automatic sealing device also comprises a quick opening door moving device which can realize quick moving or alignment of the sealing door of the vacuum chamber 1; the quick door opening moving device comprises a moving trolley 1-3, a guide rail 1-5 and a motor 1-11; the guide rail 1-5 is fixed on the base 1-1; the movable trolley 1-3 is arranged on the guide rail 1-5, the motor 1-11 is arranged on the trolley 1-3, the movable trolley 1-3 can do linear motion on the guide rail 1-5 under the drive of the motor 1-11, and the motion direction is parallel to the installation direction of the sealing door, namely parallel to the axial direction of the flange plate 1-13; the top end of the movable trolley 1-3 is connected with the flange plate 1-13.
The quick door opening moving device also comprises guardrails 1-10, wherein the guardrails 1-10 are fixed on the base 1-1 and arranged around the moving trolley 1-3 to play a role in protection so as to prevent the risk of collision injury to operators in the moving process of the moving trolley.
The system control platform is arranged outside the whole simulation device and is mainly used for controlling power supply of each device, opening and closing of the quick-opening door moving trolley 1-3, locking and loosening of the rotary clamp 1-4, starting and closing of the vacuum pump set and the like.
The dynamic acquisition system 4 can realize image acquisition in the whole explosion test process, and the dynamic acquisition system 4 comprises a high-speed camera, a memory and a light source; the high-speed camera is arranged at the outer end of the vacuum chamber 1 and is connected with the memory, and the memory stores the image shot by the high-speed camera; the high-speed camera is connected with the detonation module through a synchronous line, and starts to record at the moment of detonation. The vacuum chamber 1 is provided with an observation window for shooting by a high-speed camera; the number of light sources is set at different positions within the vacuum chamber 1 as required. Preferably, the observation window can be installed on the sealing door of the vacuum chamber 1, and also can be arranged on different positions on the cavity of the vacuum chamber 1, so as to carry out shooting and observation at different positions.
The memory is connected with a digital image processing system 5, and the digital image processing system 5 is used for dynamic tracking of scattered ions and stratums.
The pit damage form stereo reconstruction system 7 comprises a three-dimensional scanner and a computer; the three-dimensional scanner is used for scanning the crater after the simulated explosion occurs and transmitting the scanning data to the computer; and the computer is used for reconstructing a crater damage form according to the scanning data.
When the device works, the explosion source system 2 is connected with the air pressure adjusting device and placed in a box body, similar materials are filled in the box body, and the glass cover 3-1 is covered; starting a vacuum chamber control system 6 to supply power to each device, starting a movable trolley 1-3, moving a flange plate 1-13 to an opening of a vacuum chamber 1, locking the flange plate 1-13 by using a rotary hoop 1-4, starting a light source, and installing a high-speed camera in place; starting a vacuum pump set to vacuumize the vacuum chamber 1, starting a second air compressor 3-15 or a second vacuum pump 3-16 to inflate or pump the glass cover 3-1 when the required vacuum degree is reached, and closing an electromagnetic valve 3-7 when a specified pressure value is reached; starting the exploder 2-1 and the high-speed camera simultaneously, and recording the experimental process; after the experiment is finished, the air release valve of the vacuum pump set is opened, when the air pressure inside and outside the vacuum chamber 1 is balanced, the vacuum chamber 1 is opened, and the explosion experiment results such as pit forming radius, volume and the like are recorded. Meanwhile, the length of the spiral detonating cord 2-8 in the glass cover 3-1 can be adjusted according to the test requirement. And finally, dynamically tracking the changes of flying ions and stratums in the explosion process through a digital image processing system 5, and reconstructing the damaged stereoscopic form of the crater through a crater damaged form stereoscopic reconstruction system 7.
Example three:
the embodiment provides a large equivalent underground multipoint aggregation blasting pit effect simulation method, based on the large equivalent underground multipoint aggregation blasting pit effect simulation device of the embodiment two, which includes the following steps:
installing an explosion source system 3 in the vacuum chamber 1, correspondingly connecting the multi-point explosion source differential delay detonation control system 2 with the explosion source system 3, then sealing the vacuum chamber 1, and starting a vacuum chamber operating system 6 to manufacture a vacuum environment in the vacuum chamber 1. After the vacuum degree in the vacuum chamber 1 reaches the requirement, the multi-point detonation source differential delay detonation control system 2 is started to control a plurality of detonation source devices in the detonation source system 3 to detonate synchronously.
The method comprises the following specific steps: placing the non-air pressure adjusting device of the explosion source system 2 in a box body, filling similar materials in the box body, and covering a glass cover 3-1; starting a control platform to supply power to each device, starting a movable trolley 1-3, moving a flange plate 1-13 to an opening of a vacuum chamber 1, locking the flange plate 1-13 by using a rotary hoop 1-4, starting a light source, and installing a high-speed camera in place; starting a vacuum pump set to vacuumize the vacuum chamber 1, starting an air compressor 3-15 or a second vacuum pump 3-16 to inflate or pump the glass cover 3-1 when the required vacuum degree is reached, and closing an electromagnetic valve 3-7 when a specified pressure value is reached; starting the exploder 2-1 and the high-speed camera simultaneously, and recording the experimental process; after the experiment is finished, the air release valve of the vacuum pump set is opened, when the air pressure inside and outside the vacuum chamber 1 is balanced, the vacuum chamber 1 is opened, and the explosion experiment results such as pit forming radius, volume and the like are recorded. Meanwhile, the length of the spiral detonating cord end 3-2 in the glass cover 3-1 can be adjusted according to the test requirement.
The specific steps of inflating or evacuating the glass cover 3-1 include:
when the test requires that the gas pressure in the glass cover 3-1 exceeds the atmospheric pressure, the second vacuum pump 3-16 and the corresponding ball valve 3-13 on the vacuum gauge 3-14 are closed, the second air compressor 3-15, the pressure gauge 3-10 and the opening switch 3-9 are opened, the pressure buffer 3-12 is inflated, when the required pressure is reached, the inflation is stopped, the switch 3-9 is switched off, at the moment, the glass cover 3-1 is filled with a certain amount of gas, the electric detonators 2-4 of each circuit are detonated by the detonator 2-1 in a delayed way, then the explosive powder 2-6 is detonated in a delayed way, the flexible detonating cord 2-8 embedded in the explosive powder 2-6 is detonated, and the shock wave generated by the detonating cord 2-8 is detonated to break the glass cover 3-1, thereby achieving the purpose of releasing the compressed gas. Meanwhile, the ionic electric probe 2-9 in the stainless steel tube 2-7 transmits a signal into the oscilloscope 2-11 through the pulse forming network 2-10, and the micro-difference time delay of the multipoint explosion source is determined through the pulse time difference of the oscilloscope; and the dynamic acquisition system 4 performs differential delay data acquisition.
When the test requires that the gas pressure in the glass cover 3-1 is lower than the atmospheric pressure, the second air compressor 3-15 and the corresponding ball valve 3-13 on the pressure gauge 3-10 are closed, the second vacuum pump 3-16 and the corresponding ball valve 3-13 on the vacuum gauge 3-14 and the switch 3-9 are opened, the pressure buffer 3-12 is pumped, when the required vacuum degree is reached, the pumping is stopped, the switch 3-9 is closed, the inner part of the glass cover 3-1 reaches a certain pressure, the electric detonators 2-4 of each circuit are detonated by the blaster 2-1 in a delayed way, then the explosive powder 2-6 is detonated in a delayed way, the flexible detonating cord 2-8 embedded in the explosive powder 2-6 is detonated, and the shock wave generated by the detonating cord 8 is detonated to break the glass cover 3-1, thereby achieving the purpose of releasing the compressed gas. Meanwhile, the ionic electric probes 2-9 in the stainless steel pipes 2-7 transmit signals into the oscilloscopes 2-11 through a pulse forming network, the differential time delay of the multipoint explosion source is determined through the pulse time difference of the oscilloscopes, and the dynamic acquisition system 4 acquires differential time delay data.
Through above-mentioned device, the test parameter is like vacuum, glass cover pressure value, adjustable controllable, and the analog range is wide, need not to provide extra acceleration like geotechnological centrifuge, has obvious advantage when simulating the shallow multiple spot explosion pit formation phenomenon that buries in extensive underground, not only can simulate the shallow chemical explosion throw phenomenon that buries in underground under spherical powder charge and the cylindricality powder charge condition, can simulate throwing the explosion phenomenon in different geology topographic conditions, multilayer medium moreover to possess the function of measurationing, and the commonality is strong.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature, and in the description of the invention, "plurality" means two or more unless explicitly specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise specifically stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "fixed," and the like are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, "above" or "below" a first feature means that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact with each other via another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser level than the second feature.
In the description herein, reference to the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" or the like means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A large equivalent underground multipoint time delay blasting bomb pit effect simulation device is characterized by comprising:
a vacuum chamber for providing a vacuum environment;
the detonation source system comprises a plurality of detonation source devices and a plurality of detonation source devices, wherein the detonation source devices are used for simulating detonation sources in the vacuum chamber;
the vacuum chamber operating system is connected with the vacuum chamber and is used for controlling the vacuum degree in the vacuum chamber;
and the multi-point detonation source differential delay detonation control system is used for controlling the multi-point differential delay simulation detonation of the detonation source system.
2. The large-equivalent underground multipoint delay blasting bomb pit effect simulation device according to claim 1, wherein the multipoint detonation source differential delay detonation control system comprises a detonator, a plurality of electric detonators connected with the detonator through detonation wires, a plurality of detonating cords respectively connected with each detonation source device, ionic electric probes respectively connected with each detonating cord, and an oscilloscope connected with the ionic electric probes through a pulse forming network;
one end of each electric detonator is conical; explosive powder is arranged in the conical end of the electric detonator; the detonating cords are isolated from each other and are connected with the conical ends of the electric detonators through first connecting pieces; the first connecting piece wraps the electric detonator and the explosive powder;
the oscilloscope is used for measuring and calculating the time delay of detonation of each path of detonating cord.
3. The large equivalent underground multipoint time delay blasting pit effect simulation device according to claim 2, wherein the first connector housing is provided with a protective cover, and the electric detonator, the explosive powder and the first connector are all arranged in the protective cover.
4. The large equivalent underground multipoint time delay blasting bomb pit effect simulation device according to claim 2, wherein the detonation source device comprises a glass cover and an air pressure adjusting device for adjusting air pressure in the glass cover; the glass cover is arranged in the vacuum chamber, and the air pressure adjusting device is arranged outside the vacuum chamber;
the lower end of the glass cover is opened and sealed by a sealing plug; the detonating cord penetrates into the glass cover through the steel pipe, and the detonating cord and the penetrating end of the steel pipe are sealed;
the air pressure adjusting device comprises an air needle arranged in the sealing plug in a penetrating mode, an electromagnetic valve connected with the air needle through a second connecting piece, a pressure buffer connected with the electromagnetic valve and a power supply;
the pressure buffer is connected with a second air compressor, a second vacuum pump, a vacuum gauge and a pressure gauge through ball valves respectively; the pressure buffer is also provided with a pressure relief safety valve;
the electromagnetic valve is connected with the power supply through a switch, and the power supply is used for supplying power to the electromagnetic valve.
5. The large-equivalent underground multipoint time-delay blasting bomb pit effect simulation device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a box body is arranged in the vacuum chamber and used for filling similar materials required by explosion simulation, and a base is arranged below the box body;
the vacuum chamber is provided with a connecting pipe for connecting various pipelines; one end of the vacuum chamber is provided with a flange plate as a sealing door;
the vacuum chamber operation system comprises a vacuum pump set connected with the vacuum chamber through a pipeline.
6. The large equivalent underground multipoint time delay blasting bomb pit effect simulation device of claim 5, wherein said vacuum chamber operating system further comprises an automatic closing device; the automatic closing device comprises a rotary hoop and a telescopic rod; two ends of the excircle of the rotary hoop are hinged with telescopic rods respectively, and the other ends of the telescopic rods are fixed on the base; wedge blocks are uniformly arranged on the inner circle circumference of the rotary hoop and the outer circle circumference of the flange plate at intervals, and the inclination directions of the wedge blocks on the rotary hoop and the wedge blocks on the flange plate are opposite; the telescopic rod stretches and retracts to drive the rotary hoop to rotate, so that the flange plate and the vacuum chamber are screwed or loosened.
7. The large equivalent underground multipoint time delay blasting bomb pit effect simulation device of claim 6, wherein the telescopic rod is a hydraulic telescopic rod or a pneumatic telescopic rod.
8. The large equivalent underground multipoint time delay blasting bomb pit effect simulation device according to claim 1, further comprising a dynamic collection system for collecting blasting process, wherein the vacuum chamber is provided with an observation window; the dynamic acquisition system comprises a high-speed camera and a memory which are arranged outside the observation window and a light source which is arranged inside the vacuum chamber; one end of the high-speed camera is connected with the multi-point detonation source differential delay detonation control system, and the other end of the high-speed camera is connected with the memory; the memory stores images taken by the high-speed camera.
9. The large equivalent underground multipoint time delay blasting bomb pit effect simulation device according to claim 1, further comprising a pit damage form stereo reconstruction system, wherein the pit damage form stereo reconstruction system comprises a three-dimensional scanner and a computer; the three-dimensional scanner is used for scanning the crater after the simulated explosion occurs and transmitting the scanning data to the computer; and the computer is used for reconstructing a crater damage form according to the scanning data.
10. A method for simulating a large equivalent underground multipoint delay blasting pit effect, which is based on the large equivalent underground multipoint delay blasting pit effect simulation device of any one of claims 1-9, and comprises the following steps:
installing an explosion source system in a vacuum chamber;
correspondingly connecting the multi-point detonation source differential delay detonation control system with the detonation source system;
closing the vacuum chamber, and starting a vacuum chamber operating system to manufacture a vacuum environment in the vacuum chamber;
and after the vacuum degree in the vacuum chamber meets the requirement, starting the multi-point detonation source differential delay detonation control system, and controlling the differential delay detonation of a plurality of detonation source devices in the detonation source system.
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