CN114136383B - High-precision grouting flow detection method and device suitable for whole grouting process - Google Patents
High-precision grouting flow detection method and device suitable for whole grouting process Download PDFInfo
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- CN114136383B CN114136383B CN202111419363.5A CN202111419363A CN114136383B CN 114136383 B CN114136383 B CN 114136383B CN 202111419363 A CN202111419363 A CN 202111419363A CN 114136383 B CN114136383 B CN 114136383B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/56—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using electric or magnetic effects
- G01F1/58—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using electric or magnetic effects by electromagnetic flowmeters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F15/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus of groups G01F1/00 - G01F13/00 insofar as such details or appliances are not adapted to particular types of such apparatus
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Abstract
A high-precision grouting flow detection method and device suitable for the whole grouting process are composed of a laser ranging sensor, a data acquisition processing control system and a rigid fixing support. The laser ranging sensor is arranged above the slurry stirring barrel according to a specific layout principle and is fixed through a rigid fixing support. The rigid fixing support is connected with the laser ranging sensor through the rotary double-layer fixing frame and is connected with the slurry stirring barrel through the three-bolt fixing clamp. The laser distance measuring sensor continuously measures the height of the liquid level of the slurry in the slurry stirring barrel at high frequency, the measured data are transmitted to the data acquisition and processing control system for data processing through the data line in real time, and the flow is calculated through a derived calculation formula. And the flow calculation result and the flow-time curve graph are output and displayed on a display screen of the data acquisition processing control system. The invention can adapt to the severe environment of the grouting engineering, eliminates the influence of the cement slurry on the flow measuring device and greatly improves the flow measuring precision of the grouting engineering in the slurry shielding stage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering and foundation treatment engineering, and particularly relates to a detection method and a detection device which are specially designed for measuring grouting flow in grouting engineering.
Background
In the grouting project, the flow rate of the grout is one of important parameters for evaluating the quality of the grouting project, and the dynamic and accurate measurement of the grouting amount of the cement is important for ensuring the authenticity of data and the quality of the project. Electromagnetic flowmeters are widely used in the inspection of grouting works due to their remarkable advantages. A large amount of research data show that when the current common electromagnetic flowmeter is adopted in the actual grouting process, when the flowmeter measures the flow of more than 20L/min, the electromotive force output by the sensor and the average flow velocity are in an accurate linear relation, and the measurement error is about 1%. However, when the grouting flow rate is below 20L/min, the measurement error increases in an almost exponential manner as the flow rate decreases, and the measurement error is as high as 20% at a flow rate close to 1L/min.
The grout is in a low flow rate state for a long time in the grout-blocking stage after grouting, and the hydraulic structure grouting construction technical specification (SL/T62-2020) 5.9.1 specifies that: the grouting ending standard is that the grouting section is under the maximum design pressure, the grouting rate is reduced to be not more than 1L/min, the grout is shielded for 30min, and the average grouting rate in the grout shielding period is not more than 1L/min. Under such a small flow, the measurement error of the electromagnetic flowmeter will seriously affect the measurement precision of the flow parameters in the screen grouting stage and the normal construction completion of the grouting section. Meanwhile, the electromagnetic flowmeter belongs to a contact type instrument, is directly contacted with cement slurry in the flow detection process, is easily influenced by the properties of fluid, particularly the cement slurry is easily precipitated and scaled at a low flow rate, and can also interfere the measurement precision of the electromagnetic flowmeter. As no effective solution is available, the hydraulic structure cement grouting construction technical specification (SL/T62-2020) even puts forward the flow of the grout shielding stage when necessary and can be replaced by manual recording, and the current detection method, detection device and equipment greatly restrict the grouting technical development. The realization of the high-precision full-process dynamic detection of the slurry flow is an urgent problem to be solved in grouting engineering.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel continuous dynamic flow detection method and device for grouting engineering, which can adapt to severe environment of a grouting site, has high precision and simple operation, and is used for replacing an electromagnetic flowmeter commonly used in the grouting engineering at present.
1) Measurement principle and flow calculation method
And establishing a rectangular coordinate system xoy by taking the center of the bottom of the slurry stirring barrel as an original point. If the radius of the stirring shaft is R, the radius of the stirring barrel is R, the rotation angular speed of the stirring shaft is omega, any mass element dM on the liquid level is selected and recorded as a point A, the vertical distance from the mass element dM to the axial line of the stirring shaft is x (R is less than x and less than R), l is a tangent line of the liquid level at the point A, and the included angle between l and a horizontal line is alpha. When the liquid level is stirred stably, the mass element is easy to know to do uniform-speed circular motion, the support force N and the gravity G of the liquid level are applied to a vertical surface, the horizontal resultant force of the support force N and the gravity G provides a centripetal force F in the horizontal direction, the vertical resultant force provides an instantaneous acceleration a when the slurry descends, and the included angle between the direction of the support force N and the horizontal line is theta.
Let y be y (x) as the sectional line of the slurry level in the rectangular coordinate system xoy, and have the sectional line in the first quadrant
In the formula: G-gdM, F- ω 2 (x) xdM, then:
in the formula: g is the acceleration of gravity; omega (x) is the rotation angular velocity of the slurry at different positions;
the derivative of y over x.
The flow velocity distribution of the slurry at the liquid surface is not uniform, and a velocity gradient along the radius direction exists. When r is<x<When R is measured, the y axis is taken as a symmetry axis, a cylindrical liquid surface element delta S is selected, and the liquid surface element delta S and liquid x on the inner side and the outer side are set 1 、x 2 The velocity gradients between are:
in the formula:
is a velocity gradient.
Setting the cement slurry to accord with Bingham fluid, and according to a Bingham model calculation formula, respectively setting the viscous force exerted by the liquid on the inner side and the outer side of the delta S as follows:
in the formula: f 1 、F 2 The viscous force on two sides; b is the area of the liquid level element delta S; mu.s 0 Is the slurry plastic viscosity; tau is 0 Is the yield stress. At a certain temperature and pressure, mu 0 、τ 0 Are all constants.
When the liquid level is stirred stably, the slurry in the horizontal plane flows constantly, and the viscous force exerted by the internal liquid and the external liquid on the liquid surface element delta S is equal, namely:
thus, the velocity gradient is equal everywhere along the radius, i.e. the slurry flow velocity v is distributed along the radius according to a linear function v (x) kx + b (R < x < R), i.e.:
in the formula: k. b is a constant term.
Because of viscosity, the relative velocity between the fluid adhering to the wall of the solid immersed in the fluid and the surface of the solid is 0, and therefore ω (R) is ω and ω (R) is 0, and the formula (1.6) is substituted, and the viscosity is obtained
Substituting formula (1.7) into formula (1.2) to obtain
Assuming that the vertical acceleration values of all points of the slurry level at the same time point are nearly equal, a is independent of x, and the integral of the formula (1.8) is obtained, and the expression of y (x) in the first quadrant is as follows:
in the formula: c is a constant term.
Considering the sectional line of the slurry level in the fourth quadrant of the rectangular coordinate system xoy, the absolute value of x is taken, so that the expression of y (x) is as follows:
when the time point t is n, the distribution function y of the liquid level of the pulp barrel n (x) The expression is as follows:
in the formula: y is n (x) The function is the distribution function of the liquid level of the pulp barrel when the time point t is n; a is a n Obtaining the vertical acceleration of the slurry when the time point t is n through function fitting; c n The constant term is obtained by function fitting when the time point is n. n is a positive integer.
When the time t is n, the measured data of each laser ranging sensor is (x) n1 ,y n1 )、(x n2 ,y n2 )……(x nm ,y nm ) Wherein m is the number of laser ranging sensors, and the m is respectively substituted into formula (1.11) to obtain the values related to a n 、C n The system of equations of (1):
solving for a by function fitting n 、C n According to a determined coefficient R 2 Get the optimal solution, which is recorded as
Determining the coefficient R 2 The calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula: r 2 For determining the coefficients, is a statistic for measuring goodness of fit, R 2 The closer the value of (1) is, the better the fitting degree of the regression straight line to the true value is; ESS is the regression sum of squares; TSS is the sum of the squares of the total deviations;
fitting the estimated value; y is ni Is the true value;
is the true average value of the average value,
i. m is a positive integer.
Therefore, when the time point t is n, the liquid level distribution of the pulp bucket is fitted with a function
The expression is as follows:
in the formula:
fitting a function for the liquid level distribution of the pulp barrel when the time point t is n;
the optimal fitting value of the vertical acceleration of the slurry is the optimal fitting value of the vertical acceleration of the slurry when the time point t is n;
the best fit value of the constant term when the time point is n. n is a positive integer.
The arrangement number m of the laser ranging sensors can be adjusted according to the precision requirement, the more the arrangement number is,
the more accurate the flow calculation results.
Flow rate Q of the slurry n+1 The calculation can be made as follows:
in the formula: q n+1 The slurry flow rate when the time point t is n + 1;
fitting functions for the liquid level distribution of the pulp barrel when the time points t are n and n +1 respectively; Δ t is the time interval of two consecutive time points; v n 、V n+1 The volume of the slurry in the slurry barrel for two successive time points t of n and n +1 respectively can be expressed as:
in the formula:
the optimal fitting value of the vertical acceleration of the slurry is the optimal fitting value of the vertical acceleration of the slurry when the time point t is n and n +1 respectively;
the best fit value of the constant term is obtained when the time point t is n and n +1 respectively. n is a positive integer.
Considering the universal cylindrical slurry stirring barrel for grouting engineering, if the slurry stirring barrel is in other shapes, the volume integral formula of the corresponding rotating body can be modified and calculated.
2) Sensor layout method
Deducing according to a field test result and a theoretical formula, wherein the laser ranging sensor is arranged in the following mode:
the reynolds number is a dimensionless number that can be used to characterize the flow conditions of a fluid, the larger the reynolds number is, the greater the influence of inertia on the flow field is than the viscous force, and the more unstable the fluid flow is, the larger the fluctuation of the liquid level is. The Reynolds number can be calculated as follows:
in the formula: re is the Reynolds number, ρ is the fluid density, μ is the viscosity number, v is the fluid velocity, and L is the characteristic length.
The distribution form of the slurry liquid level flow velocity v in the stirring barrel along the radius direction is v (x) ═ x omega (x), and the distribution form of the slurry liquid level rotation angular velocity along the radius direction is obtained according to the formula (1.7)
Thus, it is possible to provide
The Reynolds coefficient of the substitution formula (1.16) is distributed along the radial direction in a form of
Wherein rho, mu, L, omega, R and R are constants, and according to the linear function characteristic, the Re value is reduced along with the increase of x, namely the liquid level of the slurry is farther away from the stirring shaft, the Reynolds coefficient Re is smaller, and the liquid level is relatively stable. To be provided with
The liquid level of the slurry in the slurry stirring barrel is divided into a fluctuation area and a relative stable area as a boundary point, wherein the distance from the center of the stirring shaft
The liquid level of the slurry is a fluctuation area and is far from the center of the stirring shaft
The slurry level of (a) is a relatively stable zone.
In addition, due to the self property of the cement slurry, when the stirring time is too long, a circle of floating slurry taking the stirring shaft as the center is formed on the surface of the slurry, and the distribution radius of the floating slurry is measured to be about the same through indoor tests
. Thus, will be from the center of the stirring shaft
The slurry liquid level area is defined as a floating slurry area.
Inner slurry of slurry stirring barrelThe liquid surface area is divided into different areas. From the center of the stirring shaft
The liquid level of the slurry in the range is a floating slurry area, and the actual distance cannot be truly reflected due to the fact that the floating slurry can influence the measuring result of the laser distance measuring sensor, so that the sensor is not arranged in the area; from the center of the stirring shaft
The liquid level of the slurry is a fluctuation area, the flow rate of the slurry in the area is high, and the fluctuation range of the liquid level is large; from the center of the stirring shaft
The liquid level of the slurry is a relatively stable area, the flow rate of the slurry is small, and the liquid level is relatively stable. Considering the influence of liquid surface fluctuation on the measurement accuracy of the sensor, the laser ranging sensors are arranged in a fluctuation area and a relative stable area according to the number ratio of 1: 2-1: 3, and the arrangement principle in the area is equal-interval arrangement.
The device for realizing the method comprises the following steps:
1) laser distance measuring sensor
The laser ranging sensor is selected as a close-range high-precision laser ranging sensor. The sensor adopts a triangular distance measurement method, the measuring range is 200-600 mm, the measuring error in the measuring range is not more than +/-1 mm, and the requirements of actual size of a grouting on-site slurry stirring barrel and the flow measurement precision in grouting specification can be met simultaneously.
2) Data acquisition processing control system
The data acquisition processing control system consists of a data acquisition processor and an industrial computer. The data acquisition processor has the main functions of: the method comprises the steps of collecting sensor measurement data in real time, grouping the data measured by each sensor by taking 1s as a time span, removing the maximum value and the minimum value in each group of data, and taking the average value of the remaining data as the liquid level height value of the group of data corresponding to a monitoring point in the 1 s. The main functions of an industrial computer are: receiving data processed by a data acquisition processor, performing curve fitting on the liquid level height values of the corresponding monitoring points of the laser sensors at the same moment by adopting the flow calculation method, and deducing to obtain a slurry liquid level function expression at the moment; then, performing double integral calculation on the fitted liquid level function expression to obtain the volume of the slurry in the slurry barrel at the moment; finally, dividing the slurry liquid product difference of two different time points with the corresponding time interval to obtain the average flow value in the time; and simultaneously, the flow value obtained by calculation and the liquid level height-time and flow-time curve charts of all points are displayed on a display screen of the system. The industrial computer is provided with specially developed numerical calculation and control software for processing data, and the data acquisition processing control system is provided with a self-adaptive power adapter for supplying power.
3) Rigid fixing support
The rigid fixing support consists of three parts: the support crossbeam, the double-deck fixed frame of rotation type and three bolt fixation clamp. The bracket beam is used for supporting the laser ranging sensor on the slurry stirring barrel and has a rectangular hollow structure. The double-deck fixed frame of rotation type is used for fixing laser rangefinder sensor on the support crossbeam, constitute by the double-deck fixed frame of two complete symmetries, through two bolted connection between the inside and outside two-layer fixed frame, the fixed frame inside casing can rotate around this bolt simultaneously, through a bolted connection between fixed frame and the support crossbeam, rotatory bolt can realize that double-deck fixed frame removes to the centre along the direction of perpendicular to crossbeam, and then press from both sides the fixed of tight laser rangefinder sensor realization sensor, link up completely about the fixed frame, so that the rotation of fixed frame inside casing, fixed frame inside casing bottom cloth has the bottom plate in order to support laser rangefinder sensor. Three bolt fastening clips are used for the support crossbeam and stirs the fixed between the thick liquid bucket, its top is the corrosion resistant plate of a rectangular shape, two long limits of steel sheet are connected with the both sides clamping piece through two stay bolts, both sides clamping piece accessible stay bolt rotates around two long limits of top steel sheet, the both sides clamping piece is run through by two bolts, the bolt of screwing alright realize that the both sides clamping piece presss from both sides tightly to the centre, the steel sheet at three bolt fastening clip tops is run through by a bolt, and extend to inside the support crossbeam, the bolt of screwing alright be in the same place three bolt fastening clips and support crossbeam are fixed.
The grouting flow detection method can adapt to severe environments of grouting sites, the whole measurement process is non-contact measurement, the influence of cement particles on flow meter measurement in the grouting process is eliminated, the defect that the measurement error of the electromagnetic flow meter is large in the grouting screen stage is effectively overcome, the laser ranging sensors are arranged in a fluctuation area and a relative stable area according to the number ratio of 1: 2-1: 3, the efficiency of the sensors is improved, and meanwhile, the measurement accuracy is improved by more than 10% compared with that of a traditional electromagnetic flow meter.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the analysis of the force applied to the surface of the slurry in the slurry stirring barrel;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the division of the slurry liquid surface area in the slurry stirring barrel;
FIG. 3 is a schematic front view of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a rotary double-layered fixing frame according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a three-bolt fixing clamp according to the present invention.
I-a laitance area, II-a fluctuation area, III-a relative stability area, 1-a laser distance measuring sensor, 2-a rotary double-layer fixed frame, 3-a motor, 4-a bracket beam, 5-a three-bolt fixed clamp, 6-a data line, 7-a data acquisition and processing control system, 8-a slurry stirring barrel, 9-a stirring paddle, 10-slurry, 21-a rotary double-layer fixed frame outer frame, 22-a rotary double-layer fixed frame inner frame, 23-60mmM8 bolt I, 24-16mmM8 bolt II, 25-a bottom plate, 51-a slurry stirring barrel wall, 52-a fixed clamp top steel plate, 53-a fixed clamp two-side clamping piece, 54-32mmM12 bolt III, 55-28mmM12 bolt IV and 56-100mmM5 bolt V.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description, and it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments, and equivalents thereof may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention.
1) Measurement principle and flow calculation method
And establishing a rectangular coordinate system xoy by taking the bottom center of the stirring barrel as an origin, as shown in fig. 1. Setting the radius of a stirring shaft as R, the radius of a stirring barrel as R, the rotation angular speed of the stirring shaft as omega, selecting any mass element dM on a liquid surface as a point A, setting the vertical distance from the mass element dM to the axis of the stirring shaft as x (R < x < R), setting l as a tangent line of the liquid surface at the point A, and setting the included angle between l and a horizontal line as alpha. When the liquid level is stirred stably, the mass element is easy to know to do uniform-speed circular motion, the supporting force N and the gravity G of the liquid level are applied to a vertical surface, the horizontal resultant force of the supporting force N and the gravity G provides a centripetal force F in the horizontal direction, the vertical resultant force provides an instantaneous acceleration a when the slurry descends, and the included angle between the direction of the supporting force N and the horizontal line is theta.
Let y be y (x) as the sectional line of the slurry level in the rectangular coordinate system xoy, and have the sectional line in the first quadrant
In the formula: G-gdM, F- ω 2 (x) xdM, then:
in the formula: g is gravity acceleration; omega (x) is the rotation angular velocity of the slurry at different positions;
the derivative of y with respect to x.
The flow velocity distribution of the slurry at the liquid level is not uniform, and a velocity gradient along the radius direction exists. When r is<x<When R is used, the y axis is taken as a symmetry axis, a cylindrical liquid surface element delta S is selected, and the liquid surface element delta S and the liquid x on the inner side and the liquid x on the outer side are set 1 、x 2 The velocity gradients between are:
in the formula:
is a velocity gradient.
Setting the cement slurry to accord with Bingham fluid, and according to a Bingham model calculation formula, respectively setting the viscous force exerted by the liquid on the inner side and the outer side of the delta S as follows:
in the formula: f 1 、F 2 The viscous force on two sides; b is the area of the liquid level element delta S; mu.s 0 Is the plastic viscosity of the slurry; tau is 0 Is the yield stress. At a certain temperature and pressure, mu 0 、τ 0 Are all constants.
When the liquid level is stirred stably, the slurry in the horizontal plane flows constantly, and the viscous force exerted by the internal liquid and the external liquid on the liquid surface element delta S is equal, namely:
thus, the velocity gradient is equal everywhere along the radius, i.e. the slurry flow velocity v is distributed along the radius according to a linear function v (x) kx + b (R < x < R), i.e.:
in the formula: k. b is a constant term.
Because of viscosity, the relative velocity between the fluid attached to the wall of the solid immersed in the fluid and the surface of the solid is 0, and therefore ω (R) is ω and ω (R) is 0, and the formula (6) is substituted to obtain
Substituting formula (7) for formula (2) to obtain
Assuming that the vertical acceleration values of all points of the slurry liquid level at the same time point are approximately equal, a is independent of x, and the integral of the formula (8) is obtained, wherein the expression of y (x) in the first quadrant is as follows:
in the formula: c is a constant term.
Considering the sectional line of the slurry level in the fourth quadrant of the rectangular coordinate system xoy, the absolute value of x is taken, so that the expression of y (x) is as follows:
when the time point t is n, the distribution function y of the liquid level of the pulp barrel n (x) The expression is as follows:
in the formula: y is n (x) The distribution function of the liquid level of the pulp barrel when the time point t is n is obtained; a is n The vertical acceleration of the slurry is obtained by function fitting when the time point t is n; c n The constant term is obtained by function fitting when the time point is n. n is a positive integer.
When the time t is n, the measured data of each laser ranging sensor is (x) n1 ,y n1 )、(x n2 ,y n2 )……(x nm ,y nm ) Wherein m is the number of laser ranging sensors, respectively substituted for formula (11) to obtain a n 、C n The system of equations of (a):
solving for a by function fitting n 、C n Based on the determined coefficient R 2 Get the optimal solution, which is recorded as
Determining the coefficient R 2 The calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula: r is 2 For determining the coefficients, is a statistic for measuring goodness of fit, R 2 The closer the value of (1) is, the better the fitting degree of the regression straight line to the true value is; ESS is the regression sum of squares; TSS is the sum of the squares of the total deviations;
fitting the estimated value; y is ni Is the true value;
is the true average value of the average value,
i. m is a positive integer.
Therefore, when the time point t is n, the fit function of the liquid level distribution of the pulp barrel
The expression is as follows:
in the formula:
fitting a function for the liquid level distribution of the pulp barrel when the time point t is n;
the optimal fitting value of the vertical acceleration of the slurry is the optimal fitting value of the vertical acceleration of the slurry when the time point t is n;
the best fit value of the constant term when the time point is n. n is a positive integer.
The arrangement number m of the laser ranging sensors can be adjusted according to the precision requirement, and the more the arrangement number is,
the more accurate the flow calculation results.
Flow rate Q of the slurry n+1 The calculation can be made as follows:
in the formula: q n+1 The slurry flow rate when the time point t is n + 1;
fitting functions of the liquid level distribution of the pulp barrel when the time points t are n and n +1 respectively; Δ t is the time interval of two consecutive time points; v n 、V n+1 The volume of the slurry in the slurry barrel for two successive time points t of n and n +1 respectively can be expressed as:
in the formula:
the optimal fitting value of the vertical acceleration of the slurry is the optimal fitting value of the vertical acceleration of the slurry when the time point t is n and n +1 respectively;
the best fit value of the constant term is obtained when the time point t is n and n +1 respectively. n is a positive integer.
Considering the universal cylindrical stirring barrel for grouting engineering, if the stirring barrel is in other shapes, the stirring barrel can be modified and calculated according to the volume integral formula of the corresponding rotating body.
2) Sensor layout method
The liquid area of the slurry in the stirring barrel is divided into different areas, as shown in figure 2. From the center of the stirring shaft
The liquid level of the slurry in the range is a floating slurry area I, and the actual distance cannot be truly reflected due to the fact that the floating slurry can influence the measuring result of the laser distance measuring sensor, so that the sensor is not arranged in the area; from the center of the stirring shaft
The liquid level of the slurry is a fluctuation area II, the flow rate of the slurry in the area is high, and the fluctuation range of the liquid level is large; from the center of the stirring shaft
The liquid level of the slurry is a relatively stable area III, the flow rate of the slurry is small, and the liquid level is relatively stable. Considering the influence of liquid surface fluctuation on the measurement accuracy of the sensor, the laser ranging sensors are arranged in a fluctuation area and a relative stable area according to the number ratio of 1: 2-1: 3, and the arrangement principle in the area is equal-interval arrangement.
3) Laser distance measuring sensor
The flow detection method and the flow detection device adopt the high-precision laser ranging sensor, the sensor adopts a triangulation ranging method to carry out ranging, the flow detection method and the flow detection device are suitable for short-distance ranging, and the measurement error is not more than +/-1 mm. The sensor is 40mm long, wide 20mm, high 25mm, small in size. The sensor is provided with an LED display screen, the liquid level height can be displayed in real time, and measured data are output by two analog quantities of voltage or current through a data line. Two leveling air bubbles are arranged on the sensor and are respectively used for leveling in two directions. The laser that laser emitter sent in the sensor is two grade laser of 0.5mW, and the sensor is furnished with power source interface and is equipped with the self-adaptation AC power adapter of the long power cord of 2.5m simultaneously.
4) Data acquisition processing control system
The data acquisition processing control system adopted in the invention is self-designed, and can realize the functions of data acquisition, data processing, flow calculation and the like. The data acquisition processor and the industrial computer are made into a whole by a special manufacturer and are connected through an RS-485 data line.
Various analog signal data interfaces are arranged outside the data acquisition processor, so that data acquisition of various sensors is facilitated, a 128GB memory card is arranged inside the data acquisition processor, a large amount of data can be stored, and the requirement of long-time measurement is met. The data acquisition processor is internally provided with a designed program, can realize the real-time acquisition of the measured data of the sensors, groups the measured data of each sensor by taking 1s as a time span, removes the maximum value and the minimum value in each group of data, and takes the average value of the residual data as the liquid level height value of the group of data corresponding to the monitoring point in 1 s.
The industrial computer is provided with developed numerical calculation software, and the real-time flow value is calculated according to the data preprocessed by the data acquisition processor. The software can automatically generate the liquid level height-time and flow-time curve graphs of all points, and display the flow and curve graphs on a screen in real time. The software entrusts professional programmers to design, and the industrial computer is provided with an RS-485 serial port and a USB interface to facilitate data output and extraction. The computer uses an i5-9600KF processor with the main frequency reaching 3.70GHz, and a 500GB solid state disk is arranged in the computer, so that the requirements of numerical calculation and data storage are met. The requirements of eye safety and simple operation are met by using a 14-inch IPS screen and a Windows7 operating system. In addition, the whole moisture resistance of the system is enhanced by adopting related technical means. The technical characteristics are entrusted to special manufacturers for manufacturing and assembling.
5) Rigid fixing support
The rigid fixing support is used for fixing 8 laser ranging sensors 1 above the stirring barrel 8 according to a specific layout mode, and as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the rigid fixing support consists of three parts: the support comprises a support beam 4, a rotary double-layer fixing frame 2 and a three-bolt fixing clamp 5.
The support beam 4 is formed by welding 303 stainless steel plates with the thickness of 4mm, is integrally of a rectangular hollow structure and is good in rigidity, the integral length is 780mm, the width is 120mm, and the height is 24 mm. The length of a single supporting beam is 780mm, the width is 24mm, and the height is 24 mm.
The rotary double-deck fixed frame 2 is structurally characterized in that as shown in fig. 5, it comprises two completely symmetrical double-deck fixed frames, each double-deck fixed frame is connected with the support beam 4 through an M8 bolt i 23 with the length of 60mm, the bolt i 23 extends into the fixed frame outer frame 21 and penetrates through the support beam 4, and the double-deck fixed frames can rotate around the bolt i 23. The M8 bolt I23 is rotated to realize the two double-layer fixing frames move towards the middle, so that the laser distance measuring sensor 1 is clamped to realize the fixing of the sensor. The double-layer fixed frame is composed of two fixed frames with the thickness of 5mm at the inner layer and the outer layer, and the two fixed frames at the inner layer and the outer layer are fixed together through two M8 bolts 24 with the length of 16 mm. The two sides of the inner and outer layer fixing frames are tightly attached, and the distance between the tops of the inner and outer layer fixing frames is 30mm, so that the inner frame 22 of the fixing frame can freely rotate around the second bolt 24. The upper part and the lower part of the fixed frame outer frame 21 are completely penetrated, and bottom plates 25 with the length, the width and the thickness of 50mm, 10mm and 5mm are distributed at the bottom of the fixed frame inner frame 22 and are used for supporting the laser ranging sensor 1.
The three-bolt fixing clamp 5 is used for fixing the bracket beam 4 and the stirring barrel wall 51, and the structural characteristics of the three-bolt fixing clamp are shown in fig. 6. The three-bolt fixing clamp 5 is composed of a top steel plate 52 and two side clamping pieces 53, and is processed by 303 stainless steel with high rigidity and corrosion resistance. The top steel plate 52 is 100mm long, 24mm wide and 6mm thick. The clamping pieces 53 on the two sides are 100mm long, 74mm wide and 6mm thick. The three-bolt fixing clamp 5 is connected with the support cross beam 4 through an M12 bolt three 54 with the length of 32mm, and the top steel plate 52 of the three-bolt fixing clamp 5 can be firmly fixed with the support cross beam 4 by screwing the bolt three 54. The two side clamping pieces 53 are penetrated by two M12 bolts four 55 with the length of 28mm, and the two clamping pieces 53 can be close to the middle by screwing the two bolts four 55, so that the barrel wall 51 of the pulping barrel is clamped. The top steel plate 52 and the two side clamping pieces 53 of the three-bolt fixing clamp 5 are connected together through two M5 bolts five 56 with the length of 100mm, and the two side clamping pieces 53 can rotate around the two bolts five 56. Through the structural design, the laser ranging sensor 1 can be fixed above the slurry stirring barrel in a specific layout mode.
Claims (3)
1. A high-precision grouting flow detection method suitable for the whole grouting process is characterized by comprising the following steps: flow rate Q of the slurry n+1 The calculation is performed as follows:
in the formula: q n+1 The flow rate of the slurry at the time point t is n + 1; Δ t is the time interval of two consecutive time points; v n 、V n+1 The two continuous time points t are n and n +1 respectively;
fitting functions for the liquid level distribution of the pulp barrel when two continuous time points t are n and n +1 respectively; pi is the circumference ratio; r is the radius of the pulping barrel; r is the radius of the stirring shaft; x is the vertical distance between any mass element dM on the liquid surface and the axis of the stirring shaft, r<x<R and n are positive integers;
wherein
The expression is as follows:
in the formula:
the optimal fitting value of the vertical acceleration of the slurry is the optimal fitting value of the vertical acceleration of the slurry when the time point t is n and n +1 respectively;
the optimal fitting value of the constant term is obtained when the time point t is n and n +1 respectively; g is the acceleration of gravity; omega is the rotation angular velocity of the stirring shaft;
when the time point t is n, the distribution function y of the liquid level of the pulp barrel n (x) The expression is as follows:
in the formula: y is n (x) The function is the distribution function of the liquid level of the pulp barrel when the time point t is n; a is n Obtaining the vertical acceleration of the slurry when the time point t is n through function fitting; c n The constant term is obtained by function fitting when the time point is n;
when the time t is n, the measured data of each laser ranging sensor is (x) n1 ,y n1 )、(x n2 ,y n2 )……(x nm ,y nm ) Wherein m is the number of laser ranging sensors, and the m is respectively substituted into formula (4) to obtain the value related to a n 、C n The system of equations of (1):
solving for a by function fitting n 、C n Based on the determined coefficient R 2 Get the optimal solution, which is recorded as
Determining the coefficient R 2 The calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula: r 2 For determining the coefficients, is a statistic for measuring goodness of fit, R 2 The closer the value of (1) is, the better the fitting degree of the regression straight line to the true value is; ESS is the regression sum of squares; TSS is the sum of the squares of the total deviations;
fitting the estimated value; y is ni Is the true value;
is the true average value of the average value,
i. m is a positive integer;
thereby obtaining V n 、V n+1 Expression (c):
2. the high-precision grouting flow detection method suitable for the whole grouting process according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: divide the thick liquid level in the cylindrical stirring bucket into three regions: a floating slurry area is 0-R/3 from the center of the stirring shaft, a fluctuation area is R/3-R/2 from the center of the stirring shaft, and a relative stable area is R/2-R from the center of the stirring shaft; the laser ranging sensors are arranged in the fluctuation area and the relative stability area according to the number ratio of 1: 2-1: 3, and the laser ranging sensors are not arranged in the floating area.
3. A detection device for implementing the high-precision grouting flow detection method suitable for the whole grouting process of claim 1, characterized in that: constitute by laser rangefinder sensor, data acquisition processing control system and rigidity fixed bolster triplex, the laser rangefinder sensor passes through the data line and is connected with data acquisition processing control system, and the rigidity fixed bolster is used for fixing laser rangefinder sensor in stirring thick liquid bucket top, comprises support crossbeam, the double-deck fixed frame of rotation type and three bolt fixation clamps: the rotary double-layer fixing frame is used for fixing the laser ranging sensor on a support cross beam, and consists of two completely symmetrical double-layer fixing frames, the inner and outer double-layer fixing frames are connected through two bolts, meanwhile, a fixing frame inner frame can rotate around the bolts, the fixing frame outer frame is connected with the support cross beam through one bolt, the double-layer fixing frame can move towards the middle along the direction vertical to the cross beam by virtue of the rotary bolt, so that the laser ranging sensor is clamped to be fixed, the fixing frame outer frame is completely penetrated up and down, the rotation of the fixing frame inner frame is facilitated, and a bottom plate is distributed at the bottom of the fixing frame inner frame to support the laser ranging sensor; the three bolt fixation clamps are used for fixing between the support cross beam and the slurry stirring barrel, the top of the three bolt fixation clamps is a long strip-shaped stainless steel plate, two long edges of the steel plate are connected with the two side clamping pieces through two long bolts, the two side clamping pieces rotate around the two long edges of the top steel plate through the long bolts, the two side clamping pieces are penetrated through by the two bolts, the two side clamping pieces are clamped towards the middle through the screwed bolts, the top steel plate of the three bolt fixation clamps is penetrated through by one bolt and extends to the inside of the support cross beam, and the three bolt fixation clamps and the support cross beam are fixed together through the screwed bolts.
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| CN103257617A (en) * | 2012-02-15 | 2013-08-21 | 葛洲坝集团试验检测有限公司 | Multichannel online-type concrete cooling water data automatic collection device |
| CN110793589A (en) * | 2019-11-19 | 2020-02-14 | 中铁一局集团有限公司 | Data analysis-based shield construction grouting consumption real-time calculation method |
| CN111750956A (en) * | 2020-07-07 | 2020-10-09 | 中铁十一局集团有限公司 | System and method for measuring liquid level of mortar tank of shield machine |
| CN212721646U (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2021-03-16 | 江苏智能特种阀门有限公司 | Dynamic monitoring device for liquid level of slurry sticking barrel |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103257617A (en) * | 2012-02-15 | 2013-08-21 | 葛洲坝集团试验检测有限公司 | Multichannel online-type concrete cooling water data automatic collection device |
| CN110793589A (en) * | 2019-11-19 | 2020-02-14 | 中铁一局集团有限公司 | Data analysis-based shield construction grouting consumption real-time calculation method |
| CN111750956A (en) * | 2020-07-07 | 2020-10-09 | 中铁十一局集团有限公司 | System and method for measuring liquid level of mortar tank of shield machine |
| CN212721646U (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2021-03-16 | 江苏智能特种阀门有限公司 | Dynamic monitoring device for liquid level of slurry sticking barrel |
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