CN114134866B - Method for considering both drainage of ecological flow of diversion tunnel in water storage period and water filling and air exhausting of tunnel after completion of permanent plug - Google Patents

Method for considering both drainage of ecological flow of diversion tunnel in water storage period and water filling and air exhausting of tunnel after completion of permanent plug Download PDF

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CN114134866B
CN114134866B CN202111191317.4A CN202111191317A CN114134866B CN 114134866 B CN114134866 B CN 114134866B CN 202111191317 A CN202111191317 A CN 202111191317A CN 114134866 B CN114134866 B CN 114134866B
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water
tunnel
pipe
diversion tunnel
filling
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CN114134866A (en
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陶燕丽
朱剑锋
陈其志
孔勃文
邹宝平
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Zhejiang Lover Health Science and Technology Development Co Ltd
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Zhejiang Lover Health Science and Technology Development Co Ltd
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B9/00—Water-power plants; Layout, construction or equipment, methods of, or apparatus for, making same
    • E02B9/02—Water-ways
    • E02B9/06—Pressure galleries or pressure conduits; Galleries specially adapted to house pressure conduits; Means specially adapted for use therewith, e.g. housings, valves, gates
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B5/00—Artificial water canals, e.g. irrigation canals
    • E02B5/08—Details, e.g. gates, screens
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B5/00—Artificial water canals, e.g. irrigation canals
    • E02B5/08—Details, e.g. gates, screens
    • E02B5/082—Closures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Sewage (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for considering both drainage of ecological flow of a diversion tunnel in a water storage period and water filling and air exhausting of the tunnel after a permanent plug is completed, a gate does not need to be opened locally to drain the ecological flow, and damage to the gate and a gate slot caused by gate vibration is avoided; the invention realizes dynamic regulation of ecological flow by controlling the underwater depth of the water inlet branch pipe, and realizes balance of double targets of reservoir water storage and ecological discharge. The invention simultaneously solves the difficult problems of water filling and air exhausting of the tunnel after the permanent plug of the diversion tunnel is finished, realizes multiple utilization and saves the engineering cost.

Description

Method for considering both drainage of ecological flow of diversion tunnel in water storage period and water filling and air exhausting of tunnel after completion of permanent plug
Technical Field
The invention particularly relates to a method for releasing ecological flow of a diversion tunnel in a water storage period and filling water and exhausting air in the tunnel after a permanent plug is finished.
Background
And after the reservoir project passes the water storage acceptance check, the diversion tunnel inlet gate is released, and the reservoir starts to store water. According to the environmental protection requirement, during the water storage period, ecological flow discharge measures need to be considered so as to ensure the ecological water demand of the downstream river. The ecological flow required by environmental protection is generally not less than 8-10% of the average flow of the river, the flow is large, and the drainage is difficult to be carried out by adopting a water pump pumping mode. For the concrete dam, the ecological flow can be discharged by adopting a mode of arranging bottom holes; for earth-rock dams, the dam body cannot be provided with a water passage, and ecological flow discharge can be carried out only through a diversion tunnel, a blow-down tunnel or a flood discharge tunnel (road) at the bank side. The diversion tunnel is used as a drainage channel with the lowest elevation, and is generally selected as an ecological flow discharge channel for ensuring the continuous flow of a downstream river channel in a water storage period. In order to discharge the ecological flow after the diversion tunnel is closed, a mode of locally opening and arranging a bypass pipe beside the gate can be adopted. The local opening of the gate is only limited to the condition when the water storage level is lower, and the gate is required to be lowered to the bottom before the water storage level rises to the maximum lower gate water level or the mounting height of the hoist; and the local opening of the gate is easy to cause gate vibration, and can damage the gate and the gate slot structure, so that the local opening of the gate is forbidden in important engineering. The manner of providing the bypass pipe has difficulties in controlling the discharge flow rate, closing after completion of water storage, and the like.
On the other hand, after the permanent plug of the diversion tunnel is finished, the tunnel section between the inlet gate of the diversion tunnel and the permanent plug is gradually filled with water, meanwhile, air in the cavity is compressed, and in order to avoid gas explosion, an exhaust hole is generally arranged in the inlet tunnel section of the diversion tunnel after the permanent plug is finished, but the exhaust hole also has the risk of being blocked by surrounding rocks.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the situation, in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for considering both the ecological flow discharge of the diversion tunnel in the water storage period and the water filling and air exhausting of the tunnel after the permanent plug is finished.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for considering both water storage period diversion tunnel ecological flow discharge and tunnel water filling and air exhaust after permanent plug completion comprises the following steps:
s1, embedding a water-through buried pipe and a ventilation buried pipe when a diversion tunnel concrete lining and an inlet structure are constructed;
s2, completing the communication of the main pipe with the water inlet branch pipe, the air branch pipe and the water-through buried pipe before the diversion tunnel is switched off, and completing the communication of the air branch pipe with the air buried pipe;
s3, completing the connection of each group of cables with the main pipe and the pontoon before the lower gate of the diversion tunnel;
s4, putting down a diversion tunnel gate, starting water storage of the reservoir, and rising the water storage level;
s5, each pontoon rises along with the rising of the water storage level, the cable is tensioned, and the main pipe floats;
s6, keeping the head pipe orifice of the main pipe above the water surface, and ventilating;
s7, controlling the underwater depth of the water inlet branch pipe by adjusting the length of the cable, realizing adjustment of the water inflow of the water inlet branch pipe, and meeting the downstream river flow requirements at different time periods;
s8, after water storage is finished, ecological flow is discharged downwards through the permanent discharge channel, the water inlet branch pipe is lifted out of the water surface, and the diversion tunnel does not discharge the ecological flow any more;
s9, when the permanent plug of the diversion tunnel is finished, putting the water inlet branch pipe into water, filling water into the tunnel through the main pipe and the water-filling buried pipe, and exhausting air through the water-filling buried pipe, the water-filling branch pipe and the main pipe;
and S10, cutting the main pipe and the ventilation branch pipe after water filling and air exhausting are finished.
Furthermore, in the step S1, the water-through buried pipe is buried at the bottom of the side wall of the diversion tunnel.
Further, in the step S1, the ventilation buried pipe is buried at the top of the diversion tunnel entrance structure.
Further, in the step S1, the horizontal distance from the outlet of the water-passing buried pipe to the inlet structure of the diversion tunnel should not be less than 5m.
Further, in step S1, the diameter of the ventilation buried pipe is not less than 10cm, and the outlet is positioned behind the gate.
Further, in step S2, the length of the water inlet branch pipe is 3 to 4 times of the diameter thereof.
Further, in step S3, the spacing between adjacent cables on the main pipe is not more than 50m.
Further, in step S3, a set of cables is provided at the connection of the water inlet branch pipe and the host pipe.
Further, in step S3, a winder is provided on each vessel for adjusting the length of the cable.
The beneficial effects of the invention are:
(1) The method can be suitable for reservoir engineering which utilizes the diversion tunnel to discharge ecological flow in the water storage period; according to the invention, the floating type water conveying pipe and the exhaust pipe are arranged at the inlet of the diversion tunnel to discharge the ecological flow in the water storage period, and the water is filled into the tunnel for exhaust after the permanent plug is completed, so that the local opening of the gate is not needed, a bypass pipe is not needed, the ecological flow is conveniently adjusted, and the exhaust effect is good.
(2) The invention does not need to locally open the gate to discharge the ecological flow, thereby avoiding the damage to the gate and the gate slot caused by the vibration of the gate; the invention realizes dynamic regulation of ecological flow by controlling the underwater depth of the water inlet branch pipe, and realizes balance of double targets of reservoir water storage and ecological discharge. The invention simultaneously solves the difficult problems of water filling and air exhausting of the tunnel after the permanent plug of the diversion tunnel is finished, realizes multiple utilization and saves the engineering cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a side view of the present invention with the main pipe orifice above the impoundment level and the intake manifold below the impoundment level (showing the relative positions of the pipes, diversion tunnels, cables, and pontoon).
Fig. 2 is a plan view of fig. 1 (showing the installation positions of the water passing buried pipe and the air passing buried pipe).
Fig. 3 is a left side view of fig. 1 and 2 (showing a height relationship between the water passage buried pipe and the air passage buried pipe).
Reference numbers in the figures:
1-main tube; 2, water is led in and the pipe is buried; 3-a vent branch; 4-ventilating and burying the pipe; 5-water inlet branch pipe; 6-cable; 7-floating pontoon; 8-diversion tunnel entrance structure; 9-a gate; 10-tunnel concrete lining; 11-water storage level; 12-original ground.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be noted that the embodiments are only for describing the details of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1-3, a method for considering both the ecological flow discharge of the diversion tunnel in the water storage period and the water filling and air exhausting of the tunnel after the completion of the permanent plug comprises the following steps:
s1, when a diversion tunnel concrete lining 10 and an inlet structure 8 are constructed, a water-through buried pipe 2 and a ventilation buried pipe 4 are respectively buried at the bottom of a diversion tunnel side wall and the top of the inlet structure, the water-through buried pipe 2 is made of a steel pipe, the diameter is determined according to the maximum water discharge amount, the horizontal distance from the outlet of the water-through buried pipe 2 to the inlet structure of the diversion tunnel is not less than 5m, the ventilation buried pipe 4 is made of a steel pipe or a PVC pipe, the diameter is not less than 10cm, and the outlet of the ventilation buried pipe 4 is positioned behind a gate;
s2, completing the communication of the main pipe 1 with a water inlet branch pipe 5, a ventilation branch pipe 3 and a water-through buried pipe 2 before the diversion tunnel is downshutch, and communicating the ventilation branch pipe 3 with a ventilation buried pipe 4; in specific implementation, the connection can be realized by adopting ways of adding branch pipes or hot melting and the like;
the main pipe 1 and the air branch pipes 3 are made of flexible pipes, the diameters of the main pipe 1 and the air branch pipes are respectively the same as the diameters of the water through buried pipe 2 and the air branch pipes 4, the length of the main pipe 1 is determined according to the maximum water storage depth, the water inlet branch pipe 5 can be guaranteed to be lifted out of the water surface, the diameter of the water inlet branch pipe 5 and the connecting position of the water inlet branch pipe 5 and the main pipe 1 are determined by the maximum water drainage amount, the length of the water inlet branch pipe 5 is about (3-4) d, and d is the diameter of the water inlet branch pipe 5; this makes it possible to increase the flow capacity of the branch pipe 5 by means of the nozzle outflow effect.
The discharge of the inlet branch pipe 5 can be calculated by adopting a nozzle outflow formula:
Figure BDA0003301208650000041
wherein Q is the flow rate, mu =0.82 is the flow coefficient, A is the cross-sectional area of the inlet manifold 5, and g is the gravitational acceleration of 9.81m/s 2 ，H 0 The depth of the pipe orifice of the water inlet branch pipe 5 from the water surface. For example: the diameter d of the water cross section of the water inlet branch pipe 5 is =0.6m, the length is 2m, the pipe orifice is positioned at the underwater depth of 15m, and then the flow Q =4.0m 3 And s. Conversely, the diameter of the water inlet branch pipe 5 can be calculated according to the overflowing flow. Under the designed overflowing condition, the water depth of the pipe orifice of the water inlet branch pipe 5 is not less than 10 times of the diameter of the pipe orifice. Because of the nozzle outflow conditions: (1) nozzle length (3-4) d; (2) the water depth is more than or equal to 10d, and d is the diameter of the water inlet branch pipe 5.
And S3, completing the connection of each group of cables 6 with the main pipe 1 and the floating pontoon 7 before the lower brake of the diversion tunnel, wherein the distance between adjacent cables 6 on the main pipe 1 is not more than 50m, the number of the cables 6 and the floating pontoon 7 is determined according to the length of the main pipe 1, a group of cables are arranged at the joint of the water inlet branch pipe 5 and the main pipe 1, and each floating pontoon 7 is provided with a winder which can adjust the length of the cables 6. Since the main pipe 1 is at risk of being broken due to excessive tension when the cable pitch is too large, a maximum pitch is set. The distance between adjacent cables 6 on the main pipe 1 is not more than 50m, and the distance can conveniently adjust the inclined state of the main pipe 1.
S4, the diversion tunnel gate 9 is put down, the reservoir starts to store water, and the water storage level 11 rises slowly;
s5, each pontoon 7 rises along with the rising of the water storage position 11, the cable 6 is sequentially tensioned and stressed, and the head part and the pipe body of the main pipe 1 slowly float;
s6, when the water storage level 11 is low and the water inflow of the water inlet branch pipe 5 cannot meet the requirement of downstream drainage, sinking the pipe orifice at the head part of the main pipe 1 into water to increase the drainage capacity; when the water storage position 11 is higher and the water inflow of the water inlet branch pipe 5 can meet the requirement of downstream drainage, the length of the head cable of the main pipe 1 is controlled, so that the head pipe orifice is above the water surface, and the aim of ventilation is fulfilled;
s7, controlling the underwater depth of the water inlet branch pipe 5 by adjusting the length of the cable 6 at the water inlet branch pipe 5, and further realizing adjustment of the water inflow of the water inlet branch pipe 5, so that the downstream river flow requirements at different time periods are met;
the ventilation buried pipe 4 is buried in the diversion tunnel structure, and the ventilation buried pipe 2 cannot move; the main pipe 1 is in a state of being suspended in water in an inclined manner, and when the depth of the water inlet branch pipe 5 is changed slightly, the length of the cable at the position of the water inlet branch pipe 5 is adjusted; when the floating pontoon needs to be lifted above a water storage level, the integral inclination of the main ventilating pipe 1 can be changed, and the inclination is changed into the vertical inclination, so that the positions of other floating pontoons and the length of the cable need to be changed in a coordinated manner.
S8, after water storage is finished, ecological flow is discharged downwards through the permanent discharge channel, the water inlet branch pipe 5 is lifted out of the water surface, and the diversion tunnel does not discharge the ecological flow any more; the permanent drain path includes: the power generation diversion tunnel, the emptying tunnel, the spillway and the like are different in design and operation conditions of each reservoir, and the height of the channels is different but generally higher than that of the diversion tunnel.
S9, after the step S8 is finished, starting to construct a permanent plug; after the permanent plug of the diversion tunnel is finished, the water inlet branch pipe 5 is put into the water to a small depth (for example, not more than 1 m), the pipe orifice at the head part of the main pipe 1 is kept above the water surface, the tunnel is slowly filled with water through the water inlet branch pipe 5, the main pipe 1 and the water-through buried pipe 2, and simultaneously, the air in the tunnel is discharged through the air-through buried pipe 4, the air-through branch pipe 3 and the main pipe 1;
the branch ventilation pipe 3 is positioned at the top of the diversion tunnel inlet structure and is an exhaust passage, the air pressure in the tunnel rises along with the water filling of the tunnel, and even if the branch ventilation pipe 3 contains water, the air can also be pressed out.
And S10, after the diversion tunnel is filled with water and exhausted, respectively cutting the joints of the main pipe 1, the air branch pipes 3, the water-through buried pipes 2 and the air buried pipes 4 in underwater operation.
It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely a few embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A method for considering both drainage of ecological flow of a diversion tunnel in a water storage period and water filling and air exhausting of the tunnel after completion of a permanent plug is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, embedding a water-through buried pipe and a ventilation buried pipe during construction of a diversion tunnel concrete lining and an inlet structure;
s2, completing the communication of the main pipe with the water inlet branch pipe, the air branch pipe and the water-through buried pipe before the diversion tunnel is opened, wherein the air branch pipe is communicated with the air buried pipe;
s3, completing the connection of each group of cables with a main pipe and a floating pontoon before the diversion tunnel is down-locked;
s4, putting down a diversion tunnel gate, starting water storage of the reservoir, and raising the water storage level;
s5, each floating pontoon rises along with the rising of the water storage level, the cable is tensioned, and the main pipe floats;
s6, when the water storage level is low and the water inflow of the water inlet branch pipe cannot meet the requirement of downstream drainage, sinking the pipe orifice at the head part of the main pipe into water to increase the drainage capacity; when the water storage level is high and the water inflow of the water inlet branch pipe can meet the requirement of downstream discharge, the length of the main pipe head cable is controlled, so that the head pipe orifice is above the water surface for ventilation;
s7, controlling the underwater depth of the water inlet branch pipe by adjusting the length of the cable, realizing adjustment of the water inflow of the water inlet branch pipe, and meeting the downstream river flow requirements at different time periods;
s8, after water storage is finished, ecological flow is discharged downwards through the permanent discharge channel, the water inlet branch pipe is lifted out of the water surface, and the diversion tunnel does not discharge the ecological flow any more;
s9, after the permanent plug of the diversion tunnel is finished, putting the water inlet branch pipe into water, filling water into the tunnel through the main pipe and the water-filling buried pipe, and exhausting through the air-filling buried pipe, the air-filling branch pipe and the main pipe;
and S10, cutting the main pipe and the ventilation branch pipe after water filling and air exhausting are finished.
2. The method for releasing ecological flow of the diversion tunnel in the impoundment period and filling water and exhausting the tunnel after the permanent plug is finished according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the water-filling buried pipe is buried at the bottom of the side wall of the diversion tunnel.
3. The method for releasing ecological flow of the diversion tunnel in the impoundment period and filling water and exhausting the tunnel after the permanent plug is finished according to the claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the ventilation buried pipe is buried at the top of the tunnel inlet structure.
4. The method for releasing ecological flow of the diversion tunnel in the impoundment period and for filling water and exhausting the tunnel after the permanent plug is finished according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the horizontal distance from the outlet of the water through buried pipe to the inlet structure of the diversion tunnel is not less than 5m.
5. The method for releasing ecological flow of the diversion tunnel in the impoundment period and filling water and exhausting the tunnel after the permanent plug is finished according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the diameter of the ventilation buried pipe is not less than 10cm, and the outlet is positioned behind the gate.
6. The method for releasing ecological flow of the diversion tunnel in the water storage period and filling water and exhausting in the tunnel after the permanent plug is finished according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the length of the water inlet branch pipe is 3-4 times of the diameter of the water inlet branch pipe.
7. The method for releasing ecological flow of the diversion tunnel in the impoundment period and filling water and exhausting the tunnel after the permanent plug is finished according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the distance between adjacent cables on the main pipe is not more than 50m.
8. The method for releasing ecological flow of the diversion tunnel in the water storage period and filling water and exhausting in the tunnel after the permanent plug is finished according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, a group of cables are arranged at the joint of the water inlet branch pipe and the main pipe.
9. The method for releasing ecological flow of the diversion tunnel in the impoundment period and filling water and exhausting the tunnel after the permanent plug is finished according to the claim 1, wherein in the step S3, a winder is arranged on each pontoon for adjusting the length of the cable.
CN202111191317.4A 2021-10-13 2021-10-13 Method for considering both drainage of ecological flow of diversion tunnel in water storage period and water filling and air exhausting of tunnel after completion of permanent plug Active CN114134866B (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN203270527U (en) * 2013-02-01 2013-11-06 中国水电顾问集团贵阳勘测设计研究院 Device for preventing gas explosion after gate closing and plugging of diversion tunnel
CN203296026U (en) * 2013-06-07 2013-11-20 中国水电顾问集团贵阳勘测设计研究院 Air exhausting device for locked and plugged diversion tunnel
CN104963324B (en) * 2015-05-29 2017-07-11 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 A kind of diversion tunnel block head exhaust structure and its method for exhausting
CN210177470U (en) * 2019-05-21 2020-03-24 国电大渡河流域水电开发有限公司 Plugging structure for diversion tunnel

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