CN114134275A - Blast furnace hearth air gap judgment method - Google Patents
Blast furnace hearth air gap judgment method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114134275A CN114134275A CN202111483300.6A CN202111483300A CN114134275A CN 114134275 A CN114134275 A CN 114134275A CN 202111483300 A CN202111483300 A CN 202111483300A CN 114134275 A CN114134275 A CN 114134275A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
- C21B7/24—Test rods or other checking devices
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
- C21B7/04—Blast furnaces with special refractories
- C21B7/06—Linings for furnaces
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of blast furnace smelting, in particular to a method for judging an air gap of a blast furnace hearth. According to the invention, according to the combination of heat conduction, heat calculation, change analysis and the like, the combination of hearth air gap, hearth galvanic couple temperature and daily phenomena is provided to judge whether the hearth generates an air gap, destructive installation and detection equipment for a hearth furnace shell is not needed, the judgment efficiency is improved, and a reference basis is provided for maintaining the blast furnace hearth; if the temperature of the couple is increased due to the air gap generated in the hearth, different grouting modes can be adopted to eliminate the air gap, so that the normal heat transfer efficiency of the hearth carbon brick and the cooling equipment is ensured, the production worry is eliminated, and the safety production of the blast furnace is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of blast furnace smelting, in particular to a method for judging an air gap of a blast furnace hearth.
Background
The blast furnace is a pressure container for continuous production, the service life of a blast furnace hearth represents the service life of a first-generation furnace life, and the service life of the blast furnace hearth is the basis of safe production of the blast furnace; after the blast furnace is opened, after a period of production, the hearth area of the blast furnace can generate cracks due to thermal expansion and cold contraction of refractory materials, so that the temperature of the hearth area fluctuates; meanwhile, the temperature of the hearth couple can be increased due to the fact that the hearth carbon bricks are corroded, temperature fluctuation of a hearth area can mislead a blast furnace operator, deviation can be generated by the adopted means, the production order of the blast furnace is disturbed, the temperature of the local area of the hearth can be reduced seriously at the cost of reducing the activity of the hearth, and the method is usually suitable for the contrary.
Therefore, a method for judging whether an air gap exists in a hearth zone needs to be provided, so that a basis is provided for analyzing the reason of the abnormal rise of the thermocouple temperature in the hearth zone, a reference is provided for a blast furnace operator, a proper hearth maintenance means is adopted, the hearth safety is ensured, and the long service life of the blast furnace is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for judging an air gap area generated by a blast furnace hearth, which provides a basis for maintaining the blast furnace hearth, ensures safe and positive production and realizes long service life of the blast furnace.
The method for judging the air gap of the blast furnace hearth area can be applied to the maintenance process of the blast furnace hearth, the air gap area generated by the blast furnace hearth can be judged by using the method, and the safety of the blast furnace hearth is ensured by adopting a proper maintenance means, so that the long service life of the blast furnace is realized.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for judging the air gap of a blast furnace hearth is carried out under the conditions that the temperature of carbon bricks on the side wall of the hearth is abnormally increased and the temperature difference delta t of a cooling wall in a hearth region fluctuates within +/-0.1 ℃, and specifically comprises the following steps:
carbon brick for side wall of collecting furnace hearthThe temperature of different temperature measuring points is taken as the temperature t of the same series of thermocouples 1-3 arranged at the same elevation1、t2、t3The thermocouples 1-3 are distributed along the direction far away from the side wall of the hearth, and when the temperature of each thermocouple rises, the thermocouple is arranged according to the conduction heat transfer principle:
wherein, t1 change、t2 change、t3 changeRespectively showing the temperature after the temperature of the hearth thermocouples 1-3 is raised;
s1is the distance between the first thermocouple and the second thermocouple;
s2is the distance between the second thermocouple and the third thermocouple;
lambda is the thermal conductivity coefficient of the carbon brick;
if the hearth is complete and no air gap exists, the intensity of the heat flow in the area is increased, and then the following can be obtained according to the heat conduction principle: q. q.s1≈q2，q1 change≈q2 change；
If q is calculated according to the above formula1And q is2A large difference, or q1 changeAnd q is2 changeIf the difference is large, judging according to the following conditions:
fourthly, if the temperature of the thermocouple rises, t1 change-t1>At 50 ℃ and q1 change>q2 changeIf so, indicating that an air gap exists in the area of the hearth;
if the temperature of the thermocouple rises, q1 change< 0 or q2 changeIf < 0, indicating that an air gap exists in the area of the hearth;
sixthly, if the temperature of the thermocouple rises, t appears1 change>t2 changeOr t2 change>t3 changeWhen the furnace hearth is in the middle, the air gap exists in the furnace hearth.
The three aboveWhen the conditions occur, air gaps exist, and in the actual production, when any one of the conditions occurs, q appears after the blast furnace is stopped for 2 hours1 change≈q2 changeOr t1 change<t2 changeFurther, it is explained that there is an air gap in the hearth.
The above is a judgment mode performed after detecting the thermocouple temperature abnormality, and in actual blast furnace production, the thermocouple temperature abnormality may not be found in time, and the judgment can be performed in the following mode: calculating q according to the above formula1And q is2If q is present2＜q1Then, it indicates that there is an air gap in the hearth.
The "<" or ">" mentioned above all refer to the case of large difference, and those skilled in the art can make judgment according to the case.
Further, the furnace hearth air gap can be judged according to the following method:
when the temperature of the temperature measuring couple of the local cooling wall body in the hearth area is more than 100 ℃ or exceeds the temperature of the temperature measuring couple of the peripheral cooling wall body by more than 30 ℃, an air gap exists between the cooling wall and the furnace shell.
Further, the furnace hearth air gap can be judged according to the following method: detect hearth stove shell temperature when blast furnace normal production, appear that local temperature is higher than the temperature 20 ℃ (do not contain near 1m scope of tapping channel) of other regions of stove shell temperature when the stove shell temperature, show that the hearth has the air gap.
Further, the furnace hearth air gap can be judged according to the following method: gas leakage occurs in the cooling wall sleeve and the sealing sleeve in the hearth area, gas fire can be sprayed out from the water pipe sleeve and the sealing piece of the cooling wall of the hearth in serious conditions, and gas fire can occur at the hearth of part of the blast furnace, which indicates that the hearth has an air gap.
Further, the furnace hearth air gap can be judged according to the following method: and opening a blow-off valve of the oven drying in the hearth area, and if water is continuously sprayed out of the blow-off valve and certain pressure exists, indicating that an air gap exists in the hearth area.
Further, the furnace hearth air gap can be judged according to the following method: scattered spray appears on the taphole, and a coal gas fire is sprayed out from the taphole frame area, which indicates that an air gap exists between the taphole and the tuyere in the hearth area.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the invention combines the hearth galvanic couple temperature and the daily phenomenon to judge whether the hearth generates the air gap, does not need to destructively install detection equipment on the hearth furnace shell, improves the judgment efficiency and provides a reference basis for maintaining the blast furnace hearth; if the temperature of the couple is increased due to the air gap generated in the hearth, different grouting modes can be adopted to eliminate the air gap, so that the normal heat transfer efficiency of the hearth carbon brick and the cooling equipment is ensured, the production worry is eliminated, and the safety production of the blast furnace is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing thermocouple temperature acquisition in a furnace vessel region in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows the hearth temperature of a blast furnace in example 2 at 2019, 2 months and 27 days;
in fig. 1, 1: first couple temperature measurement point t1(ii) a 2: second couple temperature measurement point t2(ii) a 3: third couple temperature measuring point t3(ii) a 4: a hearth cooling wall; 5: a furnace shell; 6: the side wall of the hearth is made of carbon bricks.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained with reference to the specific embodiments.
Embodiment 1 a method for determining an air gap in a blast furnace hearth, comprising the steps of:
when the carbon bricks of the hearth are corroded, the water temperature difference of the cooling wall in the hearth area is changed obviously, the area of the hearth area generating air gaps is generally filler between the cooling wall and the carbon bricks or between the cooling wall and a furnace shell, the air gaps are generally caused by a gas flow forming passage and are not enough to enable the water temperature difference of the cooling wall in the hearth area to be changed obviously, and the following judgment standards are provided on the premise that: the thermocouple temperature of the carbon brick on the side wall of the hearth is displayed to be abnormally increased, and the water temperature difference delta t of the cooling wall in the hearth area fluctuates within +/-0.1 ℃; if any one or more of the following conditions occur simultaneously, the furnace hearth can be judged to generate air gaps:
(1) as shown in figure 1, the temperatures of different temperature measuring points of the carbon bricks on the side wall of the hearth are collected, and the real-time temperatures t of the same series of thermocouples 1-3 which are arranged on the same elevation and gradually far away from the side wall of the hearth are taken1、t2、t3When the temperature of each thermocouple rises, according to the conduction heat transfer principle:
wherein, t1 change、t2 change、t3 changeRespectively showing the temperature of each thermocouple of the furnace hearth after abnormal temperature rise; t is t1、t2、t3Respectively are the average values of the measured temperatures before the temperature of the furnace hearth thermocouple is abnormal.
s1Is the distance between the first thermocouple and the second thermocouple;
s2is the distance between the second thermocouple and the third thermocouple;
lambda is the thermal conductivity coefficient of the carbon brick;
if the hearth is complete and no air gap exists, the intensity of the heat flow in the area is increased, and then the following can be obtained according to the heat conduction principle: q. q.s1≈q2，q1 change≈q2 change；
If q is calculated according to the above formula1 changeAnd q is2 changeIf there is a certain difference, the following conditions are used for judging:
if the temperature of the thermocouple rises, t1 change-t1>At 50 ℃ and q1 change>q2 changeIf so, indicating that an air gap exists in the area of the hearth;
② if the thermocouple temperature rises, q1 change< 0 or q2 changeIf < 0, indicating that an air gap exists in the area of the hearth;
③ if the temperature of the thermocouple risesAfter that, t appears1 change>t2 changeOr t2 change>t3 changeWhen the gas exists, the gas exists in the hearth;
when the three conditions occur, air gaps exist, and in the actual production, when any one condition occurs, the blast furnace generates q after 2 hours of damping down1 change≈q2 changeOr t1 change<t2 changeFurther, it is explained that there is an air gap in the hearth.
The above is a judgment mode performed after detecting the thermocouple temperature abnormality, and in actual blast furnace production, the thermocouple temperature abnormality may not be found in time, and the judgment can be performed in the following mode: calculating q according to the above formula1And q is2If q is present2＜q1If so, indicating that an air gap exists in the hearth;
(2) when the temperature of the temperature measuring couple of the local cooling wall body in the hearth area is more than 100 ℃ or exceeds the temperature of the temperature measuring couple of the peripheral cooling wall body by more than 30 ℃, an air gap exists between the cooling wall and the furnace shell.
(3) Detect hearth stove shell temperature when blast furnace normal production, appear that local temperature is higher than the temperature 20 ℃ (do not contain near 1m scope of tapping channel) of other regions of stove shell temperature when the stove shell temperature, show that the hearth has the air gap.
(4) Gas leakage occurs in the cooling wall sleeve and the sealing sleeve in the hearth area, gas fire can be sprayed out from the water pipe sleeve and the sealing piece of the cooling wall of the hearth in serious conditions, and gas fire can occur at the hearth of part of the blast furnace, which indicates that the hearth has an air gap.
(5) And opening a blow-off valve of the oven drying in the hearth area, and if water is continuously sprayed out of the blow-off valve and certain pressure exists, indicating that an air gap exists in the hearth area.
(6) Scattered spray appears on the taphole, and a coal gas fire is sprayed out from the taphole frame area, which indicates that an air gap exists between the taphole and the tuyere in the hearth area.
The above describes 6 ways of determining the air gap of the hearth, wherein in addition to the first way, other 5 ways, if any, can be easily and quickly found, so the first way is analyzed with specific application cases.
Example 2
The hearth temperature of a certain blast furnace at 2 months and 27 days in 2019 is shown in FIG. 2, the temperature of the E row at the elevation 6.494m of the hearth area is 295 ℃, 349 ℃, 359 ℃, 371 ℃ and 390 ℃ in sequence from the temperature of the inner side of the hearth of the blast furnace along the direction far away from the cooling wall of the hearth, the temperature difference of the cooling wall at the measured position of the blast furnace is 0.4 ℃, and the heat change condition is calculated according to the embodiment (1):
wherein, t1＝295℃；s1＝130mm；
t2＝349℃；s2＝400mm；
t3＝359℃；
t4371 ℃; the point is at the radius of 5m of the hearth;
t5390 ℃ under normal temperature; the point is at the radius of 2.5m of the hearth;
the thermal conductivity coefficient lambda of the carbon brick is 16W/(m.K);
this gives:
therefore, the following steps are carried out: q. q.s2<<q1。
Indicating that an air gap exists in the hearth;
the subsequent temperature change can further indicate that an air gap exists in the area, the temperature difference of water in the hearth area of the blast furnace is 0.4 ℃ at 6-18 th month in 2021, and the temperature of the row E at the hearth area elevation 6.494m is 720 ℃, 813 ℃, 805 ℃, 810 ℃ and 765 ℃ in sequence from the inner side of the blast furnace hearth along the direction far away from the hearth cooling wall; the heat variation was calculated according to example (1):
wherein, t1 change＝720℃；s1＝130mm；
t2 change＝813℃；s2＝400mm；
t3 change＝805℃；
t4 change into810 deg.C; the point is at the radius of 5m of the hearth;
t5 change765 deg.C; the point is at the radius of 2.5m of the hearth;
the thermal conductivity coefficient lambda of the carbon brick is 16W/(m.K);
from the above data, one can see:
t1 change-t1＝720℃-295℃＝425℃>50 ℃; and:
therefore, the following steps are carried out: q. q.s1 change>>q2 change(ii) a While q is2 change< 0, indicating that an air gap exists between the cooling wall cold surface of the hearth and the filler layer on the inner surface of the furnace shell.
The temperature of the E row at the furnace hearth region elevation 6.494m 2 hours after the blast furnace is shut down is 682 ℃, 766 ℃, 763 ℃, 765 ℃ and 723 ℃ in sequence from the inner side of the blast furnace hearth along the direction far away from the cooling wall of the furnace hearth;
t1 change＝682℃；s1＝130mm；
t2 change＝766℃；s2＝400mm；
t3 change＝763℃；
t4 change into765 deg.C; the point is at the radius of 5m of the hearth;
t5 change723 deg.C; the point is at the radius of 2.5m of the hearth;
t1 change<t2 changeIndicating the presence of an air gap.
And after the abnormal hearth couple temperature caused by the erosion of the hearth carbon bricks is eliminated, determining that the air gap in the area of the hearth is the main reason for the abnormal rise of the hearth couple temperature according to the calculation result and the phenomenon, damping down the blast furnace to perform grouting treatment on the area, and recovering the normal hearth couple temperature in the area after the grouting treatment.
Claims (7)
1. A method for judging the air gap of a blast furnace hearth is carried out under the conditions that the temperature of carbon bricks on the side wall of the hearth is abnormally increased and the temperature difference delta t of a cooling wall in a hearth region fluctuates within +/-0.1 ℃, and specifically comprises the following steps:
collecting the temperatures of different temperature measuring points of the carbon bricks on the side wall of the hearth, and taking the temperature t of the same series of thermocouples 1-3 arranged at the same elevation1、t2、t3The thermocouples 1-3 are distributed along the direction far away from the side wall of the hearth, and when the temperature of each thermocouple rises, the thermocouple is arranged according to the conduction heat transfer principle:
wherein, t1 change、t2 change、t3 changeRespectively showing the temperature after the temperature of the hearth thermocouples 1-3 is raised;
s1is the distance between the first thermocouple and the second thermocouple;
s2is the distance between the second thermocouple and the third thermocouple;
lambda is the thermal conductivity coefficient of the carbon brick;
if the hearth is complete and no air gap exists, the intensity of the heat flow in the area is increased, and then the following can be obtained according to the heat conduction principle: q. q.s1 change≈q2 change；
If q is calculated according to the above formula1 changeAnd q is2 changeIf the difference is large, judging according to the following conditions:
if the temperature of the thermocouple rises, t1 change-t1>At 50 ℃ and q1 change>q2 changeIf so, indicating that an air gap exists in the area of the hearth;
② if the thermocouple temperature rises, q1 change< 0 or q2 changeIf < 0, indicating that an air gap exists in the area of the hearth;
③ if the temperature of the thermocouple rises, t appears1 change>t2 changeOr t2 change>t3 changeWhen the furnace hearth is in the middle, the air gap exists in the furnace hearth.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
when the temperature of the temperature measuring couple of the local cooling wall body in the hearth area is more than 100 ℃ or exceeds the temperature of the temperature measuring couple of the peripheral cooling wall body by more than 30 ℃, an air gap exists between the cooling wall and the furnace shell.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
detect hearth stove shell temperature when blast furnace normal production, appear that local temperature is higher than the temperature 20 ℃ (do not contain near 1m scope of tapping channel) of other regions of stove shell temperature when the stove shell temperature, show that the hearth has the air gap.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
gas leakage occurs in the cooling wall sleeve and the sealing sleeve in the hearth area, gas fire can be sprayed out from the water pipe sleeve and the sealing piece of the cooling wall of the hearth in serious conditions, and gas fire can occur at the hearth of part of the blast furnace, which indicates that the hearth has an air gap.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
the judging method further comprises the following steps: and opening a blow-off valve of the oven drying in the hearth area, and if water is continuously sprayed out of the blow-off valve and certain pressure exists, indicating that an air gap exists in the hearth area.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
the judging method further comprises the following steps: scattered spray appears on the taphole, and a coal gas fire is sprayed out from the taphole frame area, which indicates that an air gap exists between the taphole and the tuyere in the hearth area.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: according to the above
Calculating q1And q is2If q is present2＜q1Then, it indicates that there is an air gap in the hearth.
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| CN114891941A (en) * | 2022-04-18 | 2022-08-12 | 阳春新钢铁有限责任公司 | Judgment and treatment process for air gap of blast furnace hearth |
| CN115747399A (en) * | 2022-11-22 | 2023-03-07 | 武汉钢铁有限公司 | Method for repairing hearth thermocouple of blast furnace in later campaign |
| CN115747399B (en) * | 2022-11-22 | 2024-05-31 | 武汉钢铁有限公司 | Repairing method of furnace hearth thermocouple in later stage of blast furnace service |
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