CN114134263B - Rapid blow-in method - Google Patents
Rapid blow-in method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114134263B CN114134263B CN202111416721.7A CN202111416721A CN114134263B CN 114134263 B CN114134263 B CN 114134263B CN 202111416721 A CN202111416721 A CN 202111416721A CN 114134263 B CN114134263 B CN 114134263B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
- C21B5/007—Conditions of the cokes or characterised by the cokes used
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
- C21B5/008—Composition or distribution of the charge
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
A quick furnace opening method comprises the following steps: (1) pre-burying an air supply pipeline at an iron notch; (2) filling the main channel with ramming material and coke powder; (3) baking: (4) selecting a furnace charge; (5) cooling with nitrogen; (6) charging with wind; (7) igniting by hot air; (8) rapidly introducing gas. The invention has the following beneficial effects: the time consumption is short, the efficiency is high, and the problems of environmental protection and safety are reduced; the drying oven adopts a helical blade hot air diversion table to evenly divert hot air, so that the drying time is greatly reduced; jiao Chai is easy to supply air in mixed loading, is favorable for quick ignition and combustion, vacates space for the descending of furnace burden at the upper part and is favorable for quick loosening of material columns; the air-carrying charging has obvious effect on drying coke and charging material moisture, can reduce the total coke ratio of the blast furnace by 200-300kg/t, and reduces the phenomenon of material collapse and suspension in the process of blowing the blast furnace; when the air supply pipeline is pre-buried at the taphole for tapping, the opening of the mud gun is cancelled, the tapping time is shortened, and the tapping efficiency is improved. Compared with the conventional technology, the method of the invention can shorten the blow-in time by 8-12 hours.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a blast furnace ironmaking process method, in particular to a rapid blow-in method.
Background
The large and medium blast furnaces of the iron works in the metallurgical industry are subjected to repeated furnace opening such as production start-up, overhaul start-up, medium overhaul start-up and the like in the whole life cycle. Blowing in a blast furnace is a complicated project and is a more complex operation process in iron-making production. The blast furnace condition and the blow-in condition before blow-in are different, the blow-in condition is also different, and the blow-in modes adopted at present mainly comprise two types, namely, the blow-in mode of filling a hearth by using sleepers and the blow-in mode of full coke. The traditional full coke blowing-in speed is low, the coke combustion is slow, the material moving speed is slow, and the limestone slagging is easy to pulverize to cause cracking and cause material suspension. When the sleeper is filled in the hearth and the furnace is opened, the wood occupies too much space and is easy to cause material collapse. In addition, how to improve efficiency and reduce consumption in various links in the blow-in process to ensure smooth tapping of the blast furnace and fast achievement of production after tapping are key subjects of research and improvement of the industry. ,
disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a quick furnace opening method, which can reduce the problems of environmental protection and safety while maintaining high-efficiency furnace opening.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a quick furnace opening method comprises the following steps:
(1) A gas supply pipeline with 30-35 mm of inner diameter is deeply inserted into the center of the blast furnace hearth, 1/2 of the part of the gas supply pipeline positioned in the blast furnace hearth is wrapped with a refractory material mud bag protective layer, the part of the gas supply pipeline positioned outside the blast furnace is communicated with a nitrogen pipeline and a high-pressure air pipeline, and the part of the gas supply pipeline positioned outside the blast furnace is provided with a tapping valve;
(2) Filling the main ditch with ramming material and coke powder: filling 10-20cm of coke powder on the main channel, and filling 10-20cm of ramming mass to reduce the volume of the main channel so that the first tapping can smoothly flow out of the main channel;
(3) Baking: the front end of a blast furnace tuyere extends into the furnace and is inserted with an air guide pipe, the air guide pipe extends into the blast furnace, a helical blade hot air diversion table is built in a blast furnace hearth, and hot air blown into the hearth by the air guide pipe is uniformly blown to the furnace wall within the range of 100-300mm through the helical blade hot air diversion table;
(4) Selecting and opening materials: the starting materials are coke and firewood, the coke is completely quenched by dry quenching, and the ratio of the coke to the firewood is 1:3 to 4;
(5) And (3) cooling by nitrogen gas: nitrogen is blown in from an iron notch gas supply pipeline to reduce the temperature, and the temperature of a hearth is 100-150 ℃;
(6) Loading materials with wind: firstly, putting coke dry quenching coke and fully spreading the coke dry quenching coke on the bottom of a furnace with the depth of 300-500 mm, then mixing and loading the coke and firewood to the position of a tuyere, installing a tuyere small sleeve, then adding the rest of the firewood from a manhole of the top of the furnace to a position half of the height of the belly of the furnace, and blowing nitrogen and cold air for protection by an iron notch air supply pipeline in the loading process; continuously filling a light load material with the ore-coke ratio of 0.6-0.8 and the coke ratio of 2.7-2.9, the blow-in alkalinity of 0.75-0.95 and the coke ratio of 2.7-2.9, forming a slag system as early as possible by using fluorite and manganese ore in the load material, adding sintered ore for slagging, and enabling slag iron to enter a furnace hearth in advance; when the light load material is loaded, air is not immediately supplied for ignition, cold air is supplied by an air port air supply pipeline and nitrogen is continuously supplied by an iron port air supply pipeline for 2 to 3 hours, and the air temperature is controlled to be 100 to 150 ℃;
(7) Igniting by hot air: the high-pressure air of 550-600 kPa is sent by the air supply pipeline of the iron notch and is sent to 700-800 m by the air supply pipeline of the air notch 3 The firewood and coke near the air inlet are ignited by the small air quantity of/min air, and then the air supply pipeline of the air inlet is changed into 1400-1800 m 3 Per min, high wind amount to iron tapping;
(8) Rapidly introducing gas: the coke is quickly burnt, and the empty coke and the loaded material promote the quick formation of a reflow zone.
In the quick furnace opening method, the nitrogen pressure in the nitrogen cooling step is 0.7-0.9 Mpa, and the air quantity is 200-400 m 3 /min。
In the quick furnace opening method, in the hot air ignition step, the small air quantity is hot-pressed at 100-140 kPa, and the air temperature is 700-750 ℃; the hot pressure of the large wind is 210-350 kPa, and the wind temperature is 900-1100 ℃.
According to the rapid blow-in method, the spiral blade hot air diversion table is composed of an upright post, a table body and spiral blades, the table body is in an inverted round table shape, the spiral blades are distributed on the periphery of the table body, the blades are obliquely arranged relative to the axial direction of the table body, the table body is higher than an air port, and the table body is sleeved on the upright post and is in clearance fit with the upright post.
In the quick furnace opening method, the platform body is in clearance fit with the upright post, the platform body is 1-1.5m higher than the tuyere, and the axial inclination angle of the helical blade and the platform body is 40-60 degrees.
According to the rapid blow-in method, the blast furnace is blown in for the first tapping, the tapping valve of the gas supply pipeline is opened to achieve the purpose of opening, and molten iron flows out and melts the gas supply pipeline to accelerate tapping efficiency.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The time consumption is short, the efficiency is high, meanwhile, the problems of environmental protection and safety are reduced, coke dry quenching is carried out, and the water carrying amount in each link is reduced by baking the furnace in advance;
(2) The drying oven adopts a helical blade hot air diversion table to uniformly divert hot air, so that the oven wall is quickly and effectively dried, and the oven drying time is greatly reduced;
(3) Jiao Chai is easy to supply air in a mixed manner, is favorable for quick ignition and combustion, vacates space for the descending of furnace burden at the upper part, is favorable for quick loosening of a stock pillar, and is about 1 to 2 hours faster than the stock pillar when the whole coke is smoothly blown into the furnace;
(4) Blowing out dust while blowing nitrogen protection, wherein the air-borne charging has obvious effects on drying coke and charging material moisture, can reduce the total coke ratio of the blast furnace by 200-300kg/t, reduces the phenomenon of material collapse and suspension in the process of blowing in the blast furnace, and lays a foundation for smooth operation of blowing in the blast furnace;
(5) The blow-in alkalinity is low, excessive fluorite and manganese ore are added to lead the slag system to be formed as early as possible, and the sintered ore replaces limestone to increase the iron output and avoid hanging;
(6) When the air supply pipeline is pre-buried in the taphole for tapping, the clay gun is not used for tapping, the tapping time is shortened, and the tapping efficiency is improved;
(7) The furnace charge is rapidly heated by hot air and coal gas by using large air quantity to achieve the purpose of rapid tapping.
Compared with the conventional technology, the method can shorten the blow-in time by 8-12 hours.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the installation of an air delivery conduit;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of the installation of the hot air cyclone separating table.
The list of labels in the figure is: 1. the device comprises an air supply pipeline 2, a tapping valve 3, a nitrogen pipeline 4, a high-pressure air pipeline 5, a refractory material mud bag protective layer 6, a hearth 7 and a furnace belly; 8. the air inlet, 9, the air guide pipe, 10, the upright post, 11, the platform body, 12 and the helical blade.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Embedding an air supply pipeline at an iron notch: referring to fig. 1, an air supply pipeline 1 made of nodular cast iron with the inner diameter of 30-35 mm is pre-buried in an iron notch, a part of the air supply pipeline extends into the center of a hearth 6 of a blast furnace, a refractory mud bag protective layer 5 is arranged at one half part of the air supply pipeline positioned in the hearth of the blast furnace, a tapping valve 2 is arranged at the part of the air supply pipeline positioned outside the blast furnace, the part of the air supply pipeline positioned outside the blast furnace is respectively communicated with a nitrogen pipeline 3 and a high-pressure air pipeline 4, valves are respectively arranged on the nitrogen pipeline and the high-pressure air pipeline, and nitrogen or high-pressure air can be supplied into the blast furnace through a switching pipeline at different stages of the blast furnace.
(2) Filling the main trench with ramming mass and coke powder: the main channel is filled with 10-20cm of coke powder, and is filled with 10-20cm of ramming mass, so that the volume of the main channel is reduced, and the first tapping can smoothly flow out of the main channel.
(3) Baking: referring to fig. 2, a wind guide pipe 9 with the diameter of 108 is inserted into a tuyere 8 of the blast furnace, and the wind guide pipe is inserted into a hearth of the blast furnace; a helical blade hot air diversion platform is built in a blast furnace hearth, and the helical blade hot air diversion platform is composed of a stand column 10, a platform body 11 and helical blades 12. The platform body is in an inverted round platform shape, the helical blades are distributed on the periphery of the platform body, the tangent lines of the helical blades are inclined by 40-60 degrees relative to the axial direction of the platform body, the platform body is 1-1.5m higher than the air port, and the center of the platform body is sleeved on the upright post and forms clearance fit with the upright post. The spiral blade is pushed in the process that hot air blown into the furnace hearth by the air guide pipe moves upwards, the spiral blade drives the platform body to rotate relative to the upright post, and the hot air is uniformly blown to the furnace wall within the range of 100-300mm in the rotating process. The hot air diversion table with the helical blades is adopted, so that the furnace wall is uniformly heated, and the furnace drying time can be greatly shortened compared with the conventional technology. In this example, the oven drying time is 24 hours, and the temperature in the oven is 300 ℃. Compared with the traditional oven drying mode, the time can be shortened by more than half.
(4) Selecting and opening materials: the blowing material is coke and firewood, and the coke is completely quenched by dry quenching, so that the water is reduced and enters the furnace. Coke and firewood are filled in the positions of the hearth and the hearth belly, and the volume ratio of the coke to the firewood is 1:3 to 4. The selective addition of firewood to the blow-in material mainly plays a role in freeing up space after the firewood is rapidly combusted, loosening a blast furnace burden column and accelerating a blast furnace smelting process; if the addition proportion of the firewood is too much, the space vacated in the initial stage of blowing in the furnace is too much, and the iron-containing material which is not fully preheated enters the furnace hearth, which is not beneficial to the promotion of the smelting process of the blast furnace; if the addition of the firewood is too little, the function of loosening the material column cannot be achieved. The coke firewood ratio in the embodiment is 1:3.5. the material column loosening is accelerated by about 1 hour when the coke Chai Hunliao is adopted compared with the material column loosening during the full coke blowing-in.
(5) And (3) cooling by nitrogen gas: the temperature in the furnace is higher after the furnace is dried, the firewood can be ignited by directly charging the blow-in material, and the problems of environmental protection and safety can be caused by the early combustion of the firewood coke, so the furnace is cooled firstly. In order to accelerate the cooling speed, nitrogen is blown into the iron notch air supply pipeline for cooling, the pressure of the nitrogen is 0.7 to 0.9Mpa, the air quantity is 200 to 400m < 3 >/min, and the temperature of the furnace is reduced to 100 to 150 ℃. In this example, the nitrogen pressure was 0.8MPa, and the air flow was 350m 3 And/min, reducing the furnace temperature to 120 ℃.
(6) Loading materials with wind: when charging, firstly, the coke depth is 400mm, partial furnace body heat is absorbed, the upright post of the helical blade hot air diversion platform is collapsed, then coke and firewood are mixed and loaded at the position close to the air port, the firewood is loaded at the air port to facilitate ignition and combustion, the air port small sleeve is loaded, and then the residual firewood is added from the manhole of the furnace top to one half of the height of the furnace belly 7. In the charging process, nitrogen is fed into the charging device through an iron notch air feeding pipeline for charging protection; continuously filling light load materials with the ore-coke ratio of 0.6-0.8 and the coke ratio of 2.7-2.9, wherein the blow-in alkalinity is 0.75-0.95, fluorite and manganese ore in the light load materials enable slag systems to be formed as early as possible, adding sintered ore for slagging, and enabling slag iron to enter a furnace hearth in advance. When the light load material is loaded, the air is not immediately supplied for ignition, the iron notch air supply pipeline continues to supply nitrogen for 2 to 3 hours, and the air temperature is controlled to be 100 to 150 ℃; the light load material on the upper part of the blast furnace is convenient to be in a loose state, and the blast furnace is beneficial to easily accept wind pressure and wind quantity.
(7) Igniting by hot air: the high-pressure air pipeline 4 and the iron notch air supply pipeline feed 600kPa high-pressure air, which is helpful for activating the furnace hearth; is delivered into the 700 to 800m range through the air outlet air delivery pipeline 3 The air quantity of/min is that the firewood and coke near the tuyere are ignited, the load material ratio at the upper part of the blast furnace is loose, the air quantity is easy to accept, the operation is carried out by utilizing the acceptable maximum air quantity, the hot pressing of the embodiment can be quickly increased to 280kPa within 2-3 hours, and the air quantity is 1550m 3 Min; adding air in time to improve the air quantity, improving the air speed, prolonging the air port convolution area, actively using air before the primary slag is formed, and propelling the blast furnace to quickly recover under attack and guard.
(8) Rapidly introducing gas: the top of the blast furnace is opened for large diffusion after air supply, and the coal gas is directly diffused, the special furnace opening technology of the steps (4) and (6) is adopted, the blast furnace is high in air supply speed, the iron gas quantity per ton can quickly reach the normal production level, the top of the blast furnace is closed for large diffusion when the top temperature is close to 80 ℃, and the coal gas is led to a high-pressure valve bank and an outer net. The coal gas is introduced in less than 2 hours when the furnace is opened, so that the efficiency is improved, and the environment is protected. The conventional method needs 4 to 6 hours for introducing the gas. The coke is burnt quickly, and the empty coke and the loaded material promote the quick formation of a reflow zone.
The molten iron generation condition in the furnace is judged according to the pressure gauge shaking condition of the taphole air supply pipeline, when the high-pressure air pressure is equivalent to the pressure of the molten iron in the furnace hearth, about 50 tons of molten iron in the furnace hearth is calculated, the molten iron can be expected to pass through the main channel, tapping conditions are met, the air supply valve is closed to prepare tapping, the tapping valve of the air supply pipeline is opened to achieve the purpose of opening, and the molten iron flows out and melts the air supply pipeline to accelerate the tapping efficiency. The hole opening of the mud gun is cancelled, and the tapping time is shortened.
In the embodiment, 10 hours of iron tapping, 11 hours of coal injection and 12.5 hours of oxygen enrichment are carried out, the yield is basically achieved within 2 days, and the rapid furnace opening is realized.
Claims (4)
1. A quick furnace opening method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) An iron notch pre-buried gas supply pipeline, namely extending a nodular cast iron material gas supply pipeline with the inner diameter of 30-35 mm into the central position of a blast furnace hearth, wrapping 1/2 of the position of the gas supply pipeline in the blast furnace hearth with a refractory material mud bag protective layer, communicating a nitrogen pipeline and a high-pressure air pipeline at the position of the gas supply pipeline outside the blast furnace, and arranging a tapping valve at the position of the gas supply pipeline outside the blast furnace;
(2) Filling the main ditch with ramming material and coke powder: filling 10-20cm of coke powder on the main channel, and filling 10-20cm of ramming mass to reduce the volume of the main channel so that the first tapping can smoothly flow out of the main channel;
(3) Baking: the front end of a blast furnace tuyere extends into the furnace, an air guide pipe is inserted into the blast furnace, a helical blade hot air diversion table is built in a blast furnace hearth, and hot air blown into the hearth by the air guide pipe is uniformly blown to the range of 100-300mm of a furnace wall through the helical blade hot air diversion table;
the hot air diversion table with the helical blades comprises an upright post, a table body and the helical blades, wherein the table body is in an inverted round table shape, the helical blades are distributed on the periphery of the table body, the blades are obliquely arranged relative to the axial direction of the table body, the tangent line of each helical blade is obliquely 40-60 degrees relative to the axial direction of the table body, the table body is 1-1.5m higher than an air port, and the table body is sleeved on the upright post and is in clearance fit with the upright post;
(4) Selecting and opening materials: the starting materials are coke and firewood, the coke is completely quenched by dry quenching, and the ratio of the coke to the firewood is 1:3 to 4;
(5) And (3) cooling by nitrogen gas: nitrogen is blown in from an iron notch gas supply pipeline to reduce the temperature, and the temperature of a hearth is 100-150 ℃;
(6) Loading materials with wind: firstly, putting coke dry quenching coke and fully spreading the coke dry quenching coke on a furnace bottom with the depth of 300-500 mm, then mixing and loading the coked firewood to the position of a tuyere, installing a tuyere small sleeve, then adding the rest firewood from a manhole of the furnace top to one half of the height of the furnace belly, and blowing nitrogen and cold air for protection by an iron notch air supply pipeline in the loading process; continuously filling a light load material with the ore-coke ratio of 0.6-0.8 and the coke ratio of 2.7-2.9, the blow-in alkalinity of 0.75-0.95 and the coke ratio of 2.7-2.9, forming a slag system as early as possible by using fluorite and manganese ore in the load material, adding sintered ore for slagging, and enabling slag iron to enter a furnace hearth in advance; after the light load material is loaded, air is not immediately supplied for ignition, cold air is supplied by an air port air supply pipeline and nitrogen is continuously supplied for 2 to 3 hours by an iron port air supply pipeline, and the air temperature is controlled to be 100 to 150 ℃;
(7) Igniting by hot air: sending 550-600 kPa high-pressure air to an iron port air supply pipeline, sending low-air-volume air from the air port air supply pipeline to 700-800 m for thin year/min, igniting firewood and coke near the air port, and then sending the air port air supply pipeline to 1400-1800 m for thin year/min for hot strip;
(8) Rapidly introducing gas: the coke is quickly burnt, and the empty coke and the loaded material promote the quick formation of a reflow zone.
2. The rapid blow-on method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the nitrogen cooling step, the nitrogen pressure is 0.7-0.9 Mpa, and the air quantity is 200-400 m/min.
3. The rapid blow-on method according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the hot air ignition step, the small air quantity is hot-pressed at 100-140 kPa, and the air temperature is 700-750 ℃; the hot pressure of the large wind is 210-350 kPa, and the wind temperature is 900-1100 ℃.
4. The rapid blow-on method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the blast furnace is opened for the first tapping, the tapping valve of the air supply pipeline is opened to achieve the purpose of opening, and molten iron flows out and melts the air supply pipeline to accelerate tapping efficiency.
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| CN114921599A (en) * | 2022-05-23 | 2022-08-19 | 广东韶钢松山股份有限公司 | Method for introducing coal gas by blowing in blast furnace |
| CN115261532B (en) * | 2022-07-26 | 2024-01-02 | 广西钢铁集团有限公司 | Method for constructing initial airflow of large blast furnace |
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| JP2000204407A (en) * | 1998-01-23 | 2000-07-25 | Nippon Steel Corp | Charging of charging material into center part of blast furnace |
| CN1301871A (en) * | 1999-12-30 | 2001-07-04 | 承德钢铁集团有限公司 | Furnace opening method for preheating furnace shaft of blast farnace |
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