CN114132472A - Pure electric vehicle passenger ferry with large-capacity battery - Google Patents
Pure electric vehicle passenger ferry with large-capacity battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN114132472A CN114132472A CN202111429214.7A CN202111429214A CN114132472A CN 114132472 A CN114132472 A CN 114132472A CN 202111429214 A CN202111429214 A CN 202111429214A CN 114132472 A CN114132472 A CN 114132472A
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- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
- B63H21/12—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being motor-driven
- B63H21/17—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being motor-driven by electric motor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/07—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in vehicles, e.g. in road vehicles
- A62C3/10—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in vehicles, e.g. in road vehicles in ships
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B11/00—Interior subdivision of hulls
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B11/00—Interior subdivision of hulls
- B63B11/02—Arrangement of bulkheads, e.g. defining cargo spaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
- B63B25/002—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for goods other than bulk goods
- B63B25/008—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for goods other than bulk goods for wheeled cargo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B3/00—Hulls characterised by their structure or component parts
- B63B3/14—Hull parts
- B63B3/56—Bulkheads; Bulkhead reinforcements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B3/00—Hulls characterised by their structure or component parts
- B63B3/14—Hull parts
- B63B3/68—Panellings; Linings, e.g. for insulating purposes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
- B63B35/54—Ferries
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
- B63J2/00—Arrangements of ventilation, heating, cooling, or air-conditioning
- B63J2/02—Ventilation; Air-conditioning
- B63J2/10—Ventilating-shafts; Air-scoops
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
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- Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a pure electric vehicle passenger ferry with a large-capacity battery, which comprises: the ship structure of the large-capacity battery is characterized in that the large-capacity power battery is distributed and regionally arranged in double shells of the ship according to capacity, and a redundant structure is adopted in a battery cabin and is used for reducing the accident rate of the battery and improving the survival probability of the damaged ship; the protection system of the large-capacity battery is used for protecting the large-capacity battery structure before an accident, ensuring the environmental conditions during operation, monitoring the safety, fighting fire of the battery and avoiding the leakage of harmful substances of the battery. The invention improves the cruising ability of the pure electric power ship. The problems of short endurance, small vehicle loading space, high safety of operation and storage and high accident rate of the pure electric power ship are solved. The invention is not only suitable for vehicles and passenger ferries between straits and ferrets between two sides of rivers, but also includes passenger rolling boats or ships with similar structural forms and other hybrid power ships containing batteries and bidirectional sailing ships, and is a key technology for ensuring the economy of the ship and the safety of the batteries.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a passenger ferry with a pure electric vehicle, in particular to a passenger ferry with a vehicle using a large-capacity battery as propulsion power.
Background
The Johnson channel is a gold waterway connecting the south China sea and the continental land of China, and with the integration of the gulf area and the construction of the international free trade area in the south China sea, the navigation among the channels is increasingly busy. However, the current fuel-powered passenger ferry is still the main type, and the carbon, nitrogen and sulfur emissions are inevitable. The battery is used as a power source, and the ship has the advantage of zero emission of pollutants when working, and is paid more and more attention.
However, the disadvantages of batteries are also apparent. To improve endurance, large capacity batteries require a large amount of space on the ship. If the vehicle bay is reduced, it is very uneconomical for a passenger ferry to have a transit vehicle as the primary source of income.
Meanwhile, due to the inherent characteristics of the battery, the environmental conditions of the battery storage, and the over-high or over-low temperature can affect the endurance of the battery. The probability of battery failure is also increased in complex use environments, such as charge transients, external heating and mechanical abuse. As the energy density of the battery increases, thermal runaway of the battery may lead to more damaging accidents. When the battery enters thermal runaway, particulates and flammable and toxic gases are also emitted, and a jet flame can form and even explode. Leakage of harmful substances from the battery after the battery is damaged also pollutes the environment, and if the battery is not properly treated, the battery causes loss which is difficult to measure. The large-capacity battery has increased failure points and increased accident rate. Therefore, it is necessary to protect and protect a large-capacity battery before an accident and to secure the safety of the battery from the viewpoint of safety after the accident, including the safety of storage, use and accident handling.
At present, a battery-powered ship is a research hotspot, and Chinese patent publication No. CN111547203A discloses a small inland river lithium battery-powered ship with a modular design and a construction method thereof. The patent considers the layout structure of the lithium battery in the main ship body, is suitable for small ships, does not consider that for large passenger ships, if the structure is adopted, the occupied area of some loading vehicles is not economical.
The prior art is as follows:
1) at present, batteries of a conventional pure electric power ship are arranged in a main ship body or a cabin, and the structural form of a vehicle cabin of a passenger ferry is not considered. The arrangement of the battery in the main hull occupies the main hull. In this way, an area where the vehicle can be originally arranged is occupied. The location of the cabin arrangement, as seen in the width direction of the ship, is also in the ship, and if this part of the area where the battery is arranged is provided for vehicle loading, the space of the vehicle cabin can be increased. The battery compartment is centered and access to the battery compartment is required near the ship, which can affect the loading space of the vehicle.
2) In the conventional vehicle-passenger ferry, two sides of a vehicle cabin in a main ship body are ballast water tanks or empty tanks.
3) High-capacity batteries, increased failure points and increased accident rate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a pure electric vehicle ferry with a large-capacity battery. The battery capacity is maximized without affecting the vehicle load capacity, and the area inside the main hull is effectively utilized. And the structure and the arrangement of the safety protection device can ensure the safety of the large-capacity battery in advance and afterwards. The safety of the large-capacity battery is guaranteed, and pre-accident prevention and post-accident controllability are achieved. The invention can also be applied to passenger rolling ships or ships with similar structural forms and other hybrid power ships with batteries; on the basis of the requirement of large-area rolling and loading of vehicles on the vehicle-passenger ferry, the structure and safety protection of the battery cabin are further considered, and the problems of storage and safety of the battery of the vehicle-passenger ferry with pure electric power of the high-capacity battery between straits are solved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a high capacity battery all-electric passenger ferry, comprising:
the ship structure of the large-capacity battery is characterized in that the large-capacity power battery is distributed and regionally arranged in double shells of the ship according to capacity, and a redundant structure is adopted in a battery cabin and is used for reducing the accident rate of the battery and improving the survival probability of the damaged ship;
the protection system of the large-capacity battery is used for protecting the large-capacity battery structure before an accident, ensuring the environmental conditions during operation, monitoring the safety, fighting fire of the battery and avoiding the leakage of harmful substances of the battery.
Further, the ship structure of the large-capacity batteries comprises a distribution configuration of the large-capacity batteries and a space balance configuration in a ship body.
Further, the distribution configuration of the large-capacity batteries is: the battery cabin is arranged below a bulkhead deck of the main hull, the head and the tail of the battery cabin are prevented from colliding into the side cabin between the bulkheads, the space of the vehicle cabin is not influenced, the large-capacity battery cabin is arranged below the bulkhead deck of the ship and between the inner shell and the outer shell, and the large-capacity battery cabin is divided into a plurality of cabins according to the battery capacity, the length and the depth of the ship; the battery cabins supply power to the outside in a combined manner or separately, so that the failure rate of the battery power supply of the whole ship caused by the failure of a single battery cabin is reduced.
Further, the space balance configuration in the hull is: the cabin wall deck of the main hull is used as a boundary, the vehicle cabin and the cabin are positioned in the ship when viewed from the width direction of the ship, the battery cabin is arranged in the side cabins at two sides, and the cabin is minimized in the longitudinal direction, so that the space of the vehicle cabin is maximized; above the bulkhead deck, a safety channel and ventilation pipe auxiliary equipment which are led to the battery compartment from the bulkhead deck downwards are arranged close to the outermost side of the ship width, the lane of the vehicle compartment is not influenced, and the space of the vehicle compartment is maximized; the ballast tank is arranged in a head-tail cabin, a head-tail tip cabin or a double-layer bottom of a double-shell of the ship and is used for adjusting the floating state of the ship, including trim, transverse tilt and draught.
Furthermore, the protection system of the high-capacity battery adopts a battery pack/a battery cabinet which is arranged with a safe distance from the ship shell and is used for protecting the structure before an accident.
Furthermore, a battery unit in the protection system for the large-capacity battery consists of a battery cabinet and a main control unit, a certain heat dissipation distance is kept among the periphery of the battery, a cabin wall and an upper deck, and heat dissipation and ventilation smoothness of the battery during working are guaranteed; the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe are respectively arranged at two ends of the cabin, so that the ventilation smoothness is guaranteed, the ambient temperature of the battery during working is guaranteed, and the temperature of the battery is controlled through air cooling or water cooling; harmful and toxic gas in each battery compartment is discharged by an independent ventilation pipeline, so that other compartments are not influenced after an accident occurs; a battery temperature monitoring system is arranged in the battery pack to ensure that the battery is not overheated when the battery works; a local and remote battery management system is arranged on the ship to monitor the operation of the battery and ensure the operation safety. A fire detection and alarm system is arranged in the battery compartment, so that fire signs are detected rapidly, and the guarantee and safety monitoring of environmental conditions during operation are realized.
Furthermore, a control system after a thermal runaway accident, a fire-resistant integrity structure of the battery compartment and an escape structure after the accident are arranged in the protection system of the large-capacity battery, and the device is used for fire fighting of the battery and avoiding leakage of harmful substances of the battery.
Furthermore, each battery compartment in the fire-resistant integrity structure of the battery compartment has an independent fire-resistant integrity structure, and steel enclosure walls or other compartment walls with fire-resistant integrity are arranged around the battery compartment, so that the structure is prevented from fire, a fire accident area is not diffused, accidents are limited to a single battery compartment, and the normal work of batteries of other battery compartments is not influenced by the single accident; the safety channel enters the battery compartment and is provided with a fire door so as to ensure the fire-resistant integrity of the channel and the battery compartment when the fire disaster happens to the battery compartment on the layer of the channel; the ventilating pipe is provided with a fireproof air lock so as to prevent a fire in one cabin from spreading to another cabin or other areas.
Furthermore, if the stored battery has the risk of environmental pollution caused by leakage, a watertight bulkhead is arranged between the battery compartment and the outer shell of the ship to form a double shell for protecting the battery compartment; the door on the bulkhead is changed into a watertight door from a fireproof door to prevent leakage, and the fireproof air brake on the ventilation pipe is changed into a watertight air brake to prevent one cabin from leaking and extending outside the ship body.
Further, the passenger ferry is of a conventional ship type or of a bi-directional sailing ship type.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a high-capacity battery-powered vehicle-passenger ferry, which has the advantage of improving the cruising ability of a pure electric power ship. The problems of short endurance, small vehicle loading space, high safety of operation and storage and high accident rate of the pure electric power ship are solved. The use safety of the battery is ensured while the economy of the ship transportation is maintained. Effectively utilize the hull space, balance the space in cabin, vehicle cabin and battery cabin, improve boats and ships survival probability, carry out all-round protection to the large capacity battery before and after the accident. The safety of the battery, the ship and the personnel is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the type of construction of the passenger ferry of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic horizontal view of the battery compartment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the vertical position of the battery compartment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a horizontal schematic view of the open deck battery compartment access channel arrangement of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic side view of a battery unit of the battery compartment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the battery position of the battery compartment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a horizontal schematic view of a first layer exemplary arrangement of a battery compartment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a horizontal schematic view of a second layer of a typical arrangement of battery compartments of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a vertical schematic view of an exemplary arrangement of battery compartments of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a vertical schematic view of an exemplary arrangement of a battery compartment of the present invention that accounts for battery leakage;
the labels in the figure are: 101: superstructure passenger and crew living quarters, 102: vehicle cabin(s) above bulkhead deck, 103: vehicle, cabin, battery and ballast(s) compartments below the bulkhead deck, 104: head crash bulkhead, 105: aft bulkhead, 106: partition bulkhead between cabin and vehicle cabin, 107: bulkhead deck, 108: double bottom, 109: toe box, 110: tip compartment, 111: first ballast side tank area, 112: tail ballast side tank area, 201: vehicle or cargo compartment, 202: nacelle, 203: battery compartment, 204: beam, 205: inner shell width, 206: inner shell, 207: hull, 2031: first layer battery compartment, 2032: second-tier battery bay, 301: height of the bulkhead deck of the vessel from the double bottom, 401: secure channel, 402: downward lane, 403: door to open deck to battery compartment, 404: air inlet pipe, 405: draft duct, 406: lane limit line, 501: battery pack, 502: master control unit, 601: battery cabinet and control unit, 602: safe distance, 603: heat dissipation distance, 701: battery door, 901: outer opening of wind pipe, 902: air duct opening height, 1001: a watertight protective shell.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1 to 9, the present invention relates to a vehicle-passenger ferry with a large capacity power battery, which is suitable for use between straits and between ferrys on both sides of rivers, and comprises a ship structure type with a large capacity battery and a protection system with a large capacity battery.
The ship structure type of the large-capacity batteries comprises a distribution configuration of the large-capacity batteries and a space balance configuration in a ship body. The distribution configuration of the large-capacity batteries comprises the configuration of a battery compartment, a ballast compartment and a vehicle compartment, and the redundant structure of the large-capacity battery compartment. The space balance configuration in the ship body comprises a cabin, the relative positions of the vehicle cabin and the battery cabin and the configuration of the auxiliary equipment of the battery cabin in the vehicle cabin.
The protection system of a large-capacity battery includes: the device comprises a protective structure of a structure before an accident, a monitoring device for guaranteeing environmental conditions and safety during operation, and a device for fire protection of the battery and avoiding leakage of harmful substances of the battery.
The basic principle of the invention is as follows:
based on the structural characteristics of the passenger ferry, the contradiction among the storage space of the battery, the engine room and the roll-on place of the vehicle is balanced, and the storage space of the roll-on place of the vehicle and the storage space of the high-capacity battery are maximized.
The large-capacity power batteries are distributed in the double shells of the ship according to the capacity in a dispersed and regional mode, and due to the redundant design of the battery cabins, the accident rate of the batteries is reduced, and the survival probability of the damaged ship is improved.
From the perspective of the safety accident of the battery, the prevention before the accident of the battery and the control after the accident are realized. Before an accident, protection is carried out on the structural type, and the environmental condition is guaranteed and the safety is monitored during operation. After a thermal runaway accident occurs, the battery is used for fire protection and avoiding the leakage of harmful substances of the battery.
Thus, the passenger ferry with the high-capacity power battery is designed. The use safety of the large-capacity battery is ensured while the economy of ship transportation and long endurance are maintained.
Preferably, the structure of the passenger ferry comprises the positions of a battery compartment, a vehicle compartment, a cabin compartment, a collision avoidance cabin wall and a ballast compartment. The battery compartment is positioned below a bulkhead deck of the main hull, and the side compartments between the bulkhead walls are prevented from being impacted from the head and the tail, so that the space of the vehicle compartment is not influenced. The cabin walls of the main hull, below the deck, the vehicle cabin and the engine room, as seen in the width direction of the ship, are in the middle of the ship. The cabin is minimized in the longitudinal direction, maximizing the space of the vehicle cabin. Above the bulkhead deck, auxiliary equipment such as safety channels, ventilation pipes and the like which are led to the battery compartment from the bulkhead deck downwards are arranged close to the outermost side of the ship width, so that the lane of the vehicle compartment is not influenced, and the space of the vehicle compartment is maximized.
Alternatively, the large capacity battery powered ferry may be of a conventional or double sailing boat type. If the ship is of a bidirectional sailing ship type, the ship is provided with propulsion cabins with propulsion motors at the head and the tail, and other characteristics are unchanged.
Preferably, the ballast tank is arranged in a head-tail tank, a head-tail tip tank or a double-layer bottom of a double shell of the ship and is used for adjusting the floating state of the ship, including trim, transverse inclination and draught. The size and the position of the ballast tank are set according to the floating state adjustment requirement, and the size and the position of the ballast tank comprise the angle ranges for adjusting trim and transverse inclination and the variation range of draft. Preferably, the ballast tank meets minimum capacity requirements, i.e., the ballast tank load is minimized.
Preferably, the large capacity battery compartment is arranged in a side compartment between the inner and outer hull below the bulkhead deck of the vessel and is divided into compartments according to the battery capacity, the length and the profile depth of the vessel. Preferably, the external power supply among the battery cabins can be combined, so that the failure rate of the battery power supply of the whole ship caused by the failure of a single battery cabin is reduced. The survival probability of the ship after the ship side is damaged is also improved.
Preferably, the distance of the inner hull from the outer hull inside the main hull below the bulkhead deck is only required to be greater than the minimum requirements of the battery arrangement or ship code, maximizing the lateral space of the vehicle bay.
Preferably, the battery unit consists of a battery cabinet and a main control unit.
Preferably, the safety guarantee measures of the high-capacity battery comprise the protection of a pre-accident structure, the guarantee and safety monitoring of environmental conditions during operation, the fire protection of the battery and the prevention of the leakage of harmful substances of the battery.
Preferably, the protection structure of the front structure comprises a safety distance of the battery pack/battery cabinet arranged on the ship shell.
Preferably, the monitoring system for guaranteeing the environmental conditions and the safety during operation comprises a battery arrangement position, a temperature control measure and a monitoring measure.
Preferably, a certain heat dissipation distance is kept among the position where the battery is arranged, the periphery of the battery, the cabin wall and the upper deck, and heat dissipation and ventilation smoothness during operation of the battery are guaranteed.
Preferably, the temperature control measures are adopted, the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe are respectively arranged at two ends of the cabin, so that the ventilation smoothness is guaranteed, and the environmental temperature of the battery during working is guaranteed.
Optionally, the temperature of the battery is controlled by air cooling or water cooling.
Preferably, the monitoring measures are taken, and a battery temperature monitoring system is arranged in the battery pack, so that the battery is prevented from being overheated when the battery works.
Preferably, the monitoring measures are that a local and remote Battery Management System (BMS) is arranged on the ship to monitor the operation of the battery and ensure the operation safety.
Preferably, the monitoring measures and the battery compartment are internally provided with a fire detection and alarm system, so that the fire signs can be detected quickly.
Preferably, the fire protection of the battery and the prevention of the leakage of harmful substances of the battery comprise control after a thermal runaway accident, fire resistance integrity of the battery compartment and escape after the accident.
The optional control after the thermal runaway accident takes place, to the different grade type of battery, additionally considers different fire control measures.
Preferably, the periphery of the battery compartment is provided with a steel surrounding wall, so that the battery compartment has fire-resistant integrity, the structure is guaranteed to be fireproof, and the fire accident area is not diffused. The accident is limited in a single battery compartment, and the normal work of the batteries of other battery compartments is not influenced by the single accident. The door of the battery compartment entering the safety passage is a fireproof door. The ventilation pipe is provided with a fireproof air lock at a proper position so as to prevent a fire in one cabin from spreading to another cabin or other areas.
Alternatively, if the stored battery class is at risk of environmental contamination due to leakage, the watertight bulkhead between the battery compartment and the hull of the vessel becomes a double shell protecting the battery compartment. The door on the bulkhead is changed into a watertight door from a fireproof door, so that leakage is prevented. The ventilation pipe is provided with a watertight air lock at a proper position so as to prevent one cabin from leaking and spreading outside the ship body.
Preferably, the battery compartment of this configuration is directly accessible from the open deck. Is convenient for people to escape and fire fighters to enter after the fire disaster happens.
Example (b): embodiments of the present invention will be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, 1-9, which are, however, to be considered illustrative and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the scope of the invention as claimed.
According to project instance analysis: a typical passenger ferry has a length of about 127 meters, a profile width 103 of about 20.4 meters, a design draft of about 4.2 meters, and a profile depth of about 6.3 meters. The distance 204 between the inner hull and the hull is greater than or equal to B/5 (about 4.08 m). The total capacity of the battery is about 72,000kWh, the cruising speed is 16kn, and the cruising power is about 320 n.mie-600 km. One full charge may suffice to make 12 trips between the johnson straits.
1. Structural form of ship
1) Distribution configuration of large-capacity battery compartments:
as shown in fig. 1, the passenger ferry structure is shown bounded by a bulkhead deck 107 above which superstructure passenger and crew accommodation 101 and vehicle compartments 102 are located, one or more levels as desired. Below the bulkhead deck are disposed vehicle, cabin, battery and ballast compartments, one or more layers as desired. A partition bulkhead 106 is arranged between the vehicle cabin and the engine cabin, and anti-collision bulkheads 104 and 105 are arranged at the head and the tail of the ship. The battery compartment is located in the area between the head and tail crash bulkhead.
Preferably, ballast tanks are provided in the fore and aft tanks 111, 112, fore and aft tanks 109, 110 or the double bottom 108 of the double hull of the vessel for regulating the buoyancy of the vessel, including trim, list and draft. The size and the position of the ballast tank are set according to the floating state adjustment requirement, and the size and the position of the ballast tank comprise the angle ranges for adjusting trim and transverse inclination and the variation range of draft. The minimum requirement is met, and the ballast tank loading capacity is minimized.
As shown in fig. 2, the vehicle compartment 201 is disposed within the inner shell 206, as viewed from above.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 2, the battery compartment 203 is disposed between the inner shell 206 and the hull outer shell 207, and is distributed in the left and right areas of the vehicle compartment 201 or the left and right sides of the cabin 202, so as to avoid the vehicle compartment from being occupied by the battery compartment when viewed from above.
Preferably, the side compartment between the inner hull 206 and the outer hull 207 is divided into several compartments. The length of each bay is set at the minimum length required for the upper limit of the safe capacity of the individual battery bay. The batteries are dispersedly arranged in each battery compartment. For example, the battery capacity of each battery bay in this case is 2000 kWh.
As shown in fig. 3, a vehicle or cargo compartment 201 is disposed within an inner shell 205, as shown in cross-section.
As shown in fig. 3, the battery compartment is arranged in an inner shell 205 and a hull outer shell 206, as shown in cross-section.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 3, the battery compartment is arranged in one or more layers according to the height 301 from the deck of the bulkhead of the ship to the double-layer bottom, so that the capacity of the battery per unit area is improved. In this embodiment, the battery compartment is divided into two layers, an upper battery compartment 2031 and a lower battery compartment 2032. If the height of the main ship body of the ship is increased, the layer arrangement can be further increased.
Thus, in this case, a total of 36 battery compartments are provided, with a total battery capacity of about 72000 kWh.
Preferably, the battery compartment is of redundant design. A plurality of battery compartments are arranged, batteries in each battery compartment are in one group, and power supply between each group can be combined. In this way, in the event of failure of a single battery compartment, it is isolated and disconnected from the main grid by means of a local cut-off. The accident rate of the main power grid is guaranteed to be exponentially reduced. The embodiment shows that the influence of a single battery compartment accident on the whole power grid is effectively reduced through a multi-region battery decentralized arrangement configuration.
Alternatively, the large capacity battery powered ferry may be of a conventional or double sailing boat type. If the ship is of a bidirectional sailing ship type, the ship is provided with propulsion cabins with propulsion motors at the head and the tail, and other characteristics are unchanged.
2) Space balance configuration in ship body
a. Design of the vehicle cabin, cabin and battery cabin space below the bulkhead deck.
Preferably, the position of the partition bulkhead 106 between the vehicle cabin and the cabin is determined according to the minimum length required for the propulsion motor arrangement. The vehicle cabin is arranged in the rest space. In this way, the area of the vehicle cabin is maximized in the longitudinal direction below the bulkhead deck.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 3, the distance of the inner hull from the outer hull inside the main hull below the bulkhead deck need only be greater than the minimum requirements of the battery arrangement or vessel code. This maximizes the lateral space of the vehicle compartment in the main hull below the bulkhead deck. In the present case, the distance 204 between the inner hull and the hull is ≧ B/5 (about 4.08 m).
b. Vehicle cabin at bulkhead deck above bulkhead deck
Preferably, as shown in fig. 4, a typical safety corridor 401, down stairs 402, air inlet duct 404, air outlet duct 405 are arranged next to the hull to avoid loss of lane length on the deck of the floor. The secure channel 401 leads to an open deck exit door 402.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 4, the downward path 402 of the typical hoistway 401 is generally an incline or a straight ladder.
Configuration of the accessories of the battery compartment in the vehicle compartment. Preferably, these passageways and facilities are disposed outside of the lane demarcation line 406 to avoid impact on the lane. The loading space of the vehicle cabin at the bulkhead deck above the bulkhead deck is maximized.
2. Safety guarantee measures of the large-capacity battery:
preferably, as shown in fig. 5, a single battery unit is composed of a battery pack 501 consisting of a plurality of battery cabinets and a main control unit 502. A Battery Management System (BMS) is arranged in the main control unit, the operation of the battery is monitored, and the operation safety is guaranteed. The capacity of a single battery unit is about 2000kWh, and the weight is about 20 t. In addition, a remote Battery Management System (BMS) is provided on the ship. A battery temperature monitoring system is arranged in the battery pack, so that the battery is not overheated when working.
1) Protection of pre-accident structures
Preferably, the battery pack/battery cabinet 601 is provided with a safe distance 602 from the hull of the ship, as shown in fig. 6, so as to avoid the influence of the collision of the ship body on the battery.
2) Environmental condition guarantee and safety monitoring during operation
Preferably, as shown in fig. 6, a certain heat dissipation distance 603 is maintained between the periphery of the battery and the bulkhead and the upper deck, so as to ensure smooth heat dissipation and ventilation when the battery works.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 7 and 9, the air inlet pipe 404 and the air outlet pipe 405 are respectively disposed at both ends of the cabin. The smoothness of ventilation is guaranteed, and the ambient temperature of the battery during working is guaranteed.
Optionally, the temperature of the battery is controlled by air-cooling or water-cooling measures.
Preferably, harmful and toxic gas in each battery compartment can be discharged by an independent ventilation pipeline, so that other compartments are not affected after an accident occurs.
Preferably, a fire detection and alarm system is arranged in the battery compartment to quickly detect the fire signs.
3) Fire-fighting of battery and avoiding leakage of harmful substance of battery
a. Control after thermal runaway accident
Optionally, different fire protection measures are considered for different types of batteries. In this embodiment, a lithium iron phosphate battery is adopted, and a heptafluoropropane fire extinguishing agent system or a fire extinguishing system combined with a water spraying system is externally connected in the battery cabin, so that the battery is guaranteed not to reburn after spontaneous combustion and fire extinguishing.
b. The fire-resistant integrity of the battery compartment.
Preferably, the periphery of the battery compartment is provided with a steel surrounding wall or other compartment walls with fire-resistant integrity, so that the structure is fireproof, and a fire accident area is not diffused. The accident is limited in a single battery compartment, and the normal work of the batteries of other battery compartments is not influenced by the single accident.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 5, the secure tunnel 401 enters the upper battery compartment 2031 and is provided with a fire door 701 to ensure the fire integrity of the tunnel and the battery compartment in the event of a fire in the battery compartment.
As shown in fig. 8, the secure tunnel 401 enters the lower battery compartment 2032 and is provided with a fire door 701 to ensure the fire integrity of the tunnel and the battery compartment in the event of a fire in the lower battery compartment.
As shown in fig. 9, which is a schematic representation of a cross-sectional view of a typical air inlet duct 404 and an air outlet duct 405, the height 902 of an upper ventilation outer opening 901, which is respectively arranged at two ends of the cabin, meets the safety requirement. The individual battery compartments have independent fire resistant integrity. The ventilation pipe is provided with a fireproof air lock at a proper position so as to prevent a fire in one cabin from spreading to another cabin or other areas.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 10, if there is a risk of environmental contamination due to leakage of the stored battery class, a watertight bulkhead 1001 between the battery compartment and the hull becomes a double shell protecting the battery compartment. The door on the bulkhead is changed from a fireproof door 701 to a watertight door to prevent leakage. The ventilation pipe is provided with a watertight air lock at a proper position so as to prevent one cabin from leaking and spreading outside the ship body.
c. Escape design after accident
The battery compartment of this configuration can be accessed directly from the open bulkhead deck 107. Is convenient for people to escape and fire fighters to enter after the fire disaster happens.
Therefore, the safety of the battery is guaranteed by pre-accident prevention and post-accident control of the battery.
Claims (10)
1. A pure electric vehicle passenger ferry with a large-capacity battery is characterized by comprising:
the ship structure of the large-capacity battery is characterized in that the large-capacity power battery is distributed and regionally arranged in double shells of the ship according to capacity, and a redundant structure is adopted in a battery cabin and is used for reducing the accident rate of the battery and improving the survival probability of the damaged ship;
the protection system of the large-capacity battery is used for protecting the large-capacity battery structure before an accident, ensuring the environmental conditions during operation, monitoring the safety, fighting fire of the battery and avoiding the leakage of harmful substances of the battery.
2. A pure electric vehicle passenger ferry of large capacity battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the ship structure of the high-capacity batteries comprises a distribution configuration of the high-capacity batteries and a space balance configuration in a ship body.
3. A pure electric vehicle passenger ferry of large capacity battery as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the distribution configuration of the large-capacity battery is as follows: the battery cabin is arranged below a bulkhead deck of the main hull, the head and the tail of the battery cabin are prevented from colliding into the side cabin between the bulkheads, the space of the vehicle cabin is not influenced, the large-capacity battery cabin is arranged below the bulkhead deck of the ship and between the inner shell and the outer shell, and the large-capacity battery cabin is divided into a plurality of cabins according to the battery capacity, the length and the depth of the ship; the battery cabins supply power to the outside in a combined manner or separately, so that the failure rate of the battery power supply of the whole ship caused by the failure of a single battery cabin is reduced.
4. A pure electric vehicle passenger ferry of large capacity battery as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the space balance configuration in the ship body is as follows: the cabin wall deck of the main hull is used as a boundary, the vehicle cabin and the cabin are positioned in the ship when viewed from the width direction of the ship, the battery cabin is arranged in the side cabins at two sides, and the cabin is minimized in the longitudinal direction, so that the space of the vehicle cabin is maximized; above the bulkhead deck, a safety channel and ventilation pipe auxiliary equipment which are led to the battery compartment from the bulkhead deck downwards are arranged close to the outermost side of the ship width, the lane of the vehicle compartment is not influenced, and the space of the vehicle compartment is maximized; the ballast tank is arranged in a head-tail cabin, a head-tail tip cabin or a double-layer bottom of a double-shell of the ship and is used for adjusting the floating state of the ship, including trim, transverse tilt and draught.
5. A pure electric vehicle passenger ferry of large capacity battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the protection system of the high-capacity battery adopts a battery pack/a battery cabinet which is arranged with a safe distance from a ship shell and is used for protecting a structure before an accident.
6. A pure electric vehicle passenger ferry of large capacity battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the battery unit in the protection system of the large-capacity battery consists of a battery cabinet and a main control unit, a certain heat dissipation distance is kept among the periphery of the battery, a cabin wall and an upper deck, and heat dissipation and ventilation smoothness during the working of the battery are guaranteed; the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe are respectively arranged at two ends of the cabin, so that the ventilation smoothness is guaranteed, the ambient temperature of the battery during working is guaranteed, and the temperature of the battery is controlled through air cooling or water cooling; harmful and toxic gas in each battery compartment is discharged by an independent ventilation pipeline, so that other compartments are not influenced after an accident occurs; a battery temperature monitoring system is arranged in the battery pack to ensure that the battery is not overheated when the battery works; a local and remote battery management system is arranged on the ship to monitor the operation of the battery and ensure the operation safety. A fire detection and alarm system is arranged in the battery compartment, so that fire signs are detected rapidly, and the guarantee and safety monitoring of environmental conditions during operation are realized.
7. A pure electric vehicle passenger ferry of large capacity battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the method is characterized in that: the protection system of the large-capacity battery is provided with a control system after a thermal runaway accident, a fire-resistant integrity structure of the battery compartment and an escape structure after the accident, and is used for fire fighting of the battery and a device for avoiding leakage of harmful substances of the battery.
8. A pure electric vehicle passenger ferry of large capacity battery as defined in claim 7, wherein: each battery compartment in the fire-resistant integrity structure of the battery compartment is provided with an independent fire-resistant integrity structure, and steel enclosure walls or other compartment walls with fire-resistant integrity are arranged around the battery compartment, so that the structure is prevented from fire, a fire accident area is not diffused, an accident is limited to a single battery compartment, and the normal work of batteries of other battery compartments is not influenced by the single accident; the safety channel enters the battery compartment and is provided with a fire door so as to ensure the fire-resistant integrity of the channel and the battery compartment when the fire disaster happens to the battery compartment on the layer of the channel; the ventilating pipe is provided with a fireproof air lock so as to prevent a fire in one cabin from spreading to another cabin or other areas.
9. A pure electric vehicle passenger ferry of large capacity battery as defined in claim 8, wherein: if the stored battery has the risk of environmental pollution caused by leakage, a watertight bulkhead is arranged between the battery compartment and the outer shell of the ship to form a double shell for protecting the battery compartment; the door on the bulkhead is changed into a watertight door from a fireproof door to prevent leakage, and the fireproof air brake on the ventilation pipe is changed into a watertight air brake to prevent one cabin from leaking and extending outside the ship body.
10. A pure electric vehicle passenger ferry of large capacity battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the passenger ferry is of a conventional ship type or a bidirectional sailing ship type.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111429214.7A CN114132472A (en) | 2021-11-29 | 2021-11-29 | Pure electric vehicle passenger ferry with large-capacity battery |
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| CN202111429214.7A CN114132472A (en) | 2021-11-29 | 2021-11-29 | Pure electric vehicle passenger ferry with large-capacity battery |
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| CN114132472A true CN114132472A (en) | 2022-03-04 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115571264A (en) * | 2022-09-27 | 2023-01-06 | 湖北三江船艇科技有限公司 | Pleasure-boat with picture |
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