CN114435536A - Cabin arrangement method and ship - Google Patents
Cabin arrangement method and ship Download PDFInfo
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- CN114435536A CN114435536A CN202210272945.3A CN202210272945A CN114435536A CN 114435536 A CN114435536 A CN 114435536A CN 202210272945 A CN202210272945 A CN 202210272945A CN 114435536 A CN114435536 A CN 114435536A
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- compartment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B11/00—Interior subdivision of hulls
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B11/00—Interior subdivision of hulls
- B63B11/02—Arrangement of bulkheads, e.g. defining cargo spaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B71/00—Designing vessels; Predicting their performance
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cabin arrangement method and a ship, wherein the cabin comprises a cabin and a cargo hold, and the cabin and the cargo hold are separated by a first transverse cabin wall, wherein the cabin arrangement method comprises the following steps: two compartments are respectively arranged on two sides of the cabin, which are close to the cargo compartment, and are respectively a first compartment and a second compartment which are symmetrically distributed relative to the longitudinal center line of the ship body, one end of the first compartment or the second compartment, which is close to the cargo compartment, is connected with the first transverse bulkhead, and the longitudinal length of the first compartment or the second compartment is smaller than that of the cabin; the first compartment and the second compartment are provided with a reserved space in the transverse direction, and the reserved space is separated from the cargo compartment through the first compartment wall; and arranging a fireproof protective layer on the surface of the first transverse bulkhead between the reserved space and the cargo hold. The invention can improve the space utilization rate and the protection effect of the compartment in the engine room, and is beneficial to increasing the survival probability of a crew when a ship is damaged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ship manufacturing, in particular to a cabin arrangement method and a ship.
Background
Fire prevention and cabin breaking are the major importance of ship safety during ship design and construction. In the conventional design, an oil tank or an isolation tank is usually arranged between a cabin and a cargo hold of a ship to isolate the cabin from the cargo hold. However, the existing isolation cabin occupies a large amount of space of the cabin, so that the space utilization rate is poor; in addition, the existing isolation cabin has poor damage protection capability on the cabin, and is not suitable for the rapid development of the current ship design. Therefore, how to design a method for arranging bays with high space utilization rate and strong breakage capability becomes a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a cabin layout method and a ship, so as to improve the space utilization rate of the cabin and the breakage resistance of the compartments.
In order to achieve the above and other related objects, the present invention provides a method of arranging a ship tank including a cabin and a cargo hold, the cabin being spaced apart from the cargo hold by a first transverse bulkhead, the method comprising:
two compartments are respectively arranged on two sides of the cabin, which are close to the cargo compartment, and are respectively a first compartment and a second compartment which are symmetrically distributed relative to the longitudinal center line of the ship body, one end of the first compartment or the second compartment, which is close to the cargo compartment, is connected with the first transverse bulkhead, and the longitudinal length of the first compartment or the second compartment is smaller than that of the cabin; a reserved space exists between the first bulkhead and the second bulkhead in the transverse direction, and the reserved space is separated from the cargo compartment through the first bulkhead;
and arranging a fireproof protective layer on the surface of the first transverse bulkhead between the reserved space and the cargo hold.
Optionally, the step of arranging two compartments at two respective side positions of the hold near one end of the hold comprises:
and a second transverse bulkhead and a vertical bulkhead which are vertical to each other are respectively arranged at two side positions of one end of the cabin close to the cargo hold, the second transverse bulkhead, the vertical bulkhead, the first transverse bulkhead and the outer side plate of the ship are used as four side walls of the compartment, and the bottom plate and the main deck of the ship are respectively used as the bottom wall and the top wall of the compartment to jointly enclose a compartment space.
Optionally, the step of arranging two compartments at two respective side positions of the hold near one end of the hold comprises:
and determining the isolation size data of the compartment according to the damage size data of the engine room of the marine accident of the ship in the historical fixed time period.
Optionally, in the step of determining the insulation size data of the compartment by the damage size data of the cabin of the marine accident, the step includes:
acquiring damage size data of an engine room of a marine accident of a ship in a historical fixed time period and size data of a corresponding engine room, wherein the damage size data comprises a transverse damage length and a longitudinal damage length; the dimensional data of the corresponding cabin comprises a cabin transverse length and a cabin longitudinal length;
calculating the relationship between the damaged size data and the size data of the corresponding engine room;
and determining the transverse isolation distance and the longitudinal isolation distance of the compartment in the preset engine room according to the relationship between the damaged size data and the size data of the corresponding engine room and the size data of the preset engine room.
Optionally, in the step of arranging two compartments at two side positions of the hold near one end of the hold, the method further comprises:
acquiring damage size data of an engine room of a marine accident of a ship in a historical fixed time period, size data of a corresponding engine room and impact stress data;
and (4) integrating the damage size data, the size data of the corresponding cabin and the impact stress data to determine the isolation size data of the compartment.
Optionally, after the step of determining the preset transverse isolation distance and the preset longitudinal isolation distance of the cabin compartment, the method further includes:
acquiring impact stress data of marine accidents of ships within a historical fixed time period;
calculating and evaluating the protection capability of the compartments with different sizes on the corresponding engine room under the action of different impact stress data by adopting a finite element modeling analysis method;
acquiring the transverse isolation distance data of the compartment with good protection capacity, and taking the average value as the optimal transverse isolation distance;
the lateral isolation distance of the bay is compared to the optimum lateral isolation distance of the bay, and the maximum value is taken as the final lateral isolation distance of the bay.
Optionally, the longitudinal separation distance of each compartment accounts for 30% to 45% of the longitudinal length of the nacelle, and the longitudinal separation distance is not less than 8.5 meters, and the lateral separation distance of each compartment accounts for 15% to 20% of the lateral length of the nacelle.
Optionally, the lateral isolation distance and the longitudinal isolation distance of each compartment are taken from a structural water line of the vessel inside the compartment, the longitudinal length of the compartment is greater than the longitudinal isolation distance of the compartment, and the lateral length of the compartment is greater than the lateral isolation distance of the compartment.
Optionally, a fire protection layer is disposed on a side of the first transverse bulkhead within the headspace.
Optionally, the compartment is provided as an oil tank, a water tank or an insulated empty tank.
Optionally, the compartment is watertight separate from the nacelle.
Optionally, the longitudinal bulkheads of the compartments are arranged vertically or obliquely.
The invention also provides a ship which is formed by the arrangement of any cabin arrangement method.
Compared with the prior art, the cabin arrangement method and the ship provided by the invention at least have the following beneficial effects:
according to the cabin arrangement method, the two compartments are respectively arranged at the positions of the two ship boards at one end, close to the cargo hold, of the cabin, the reserved space is arranged in the middle area between the two compartments, and the no compartment exists between the reserved space and the cargo hold, so that the cabin penetrating arrangement of a pipe system and a cable is facilitated, the construction is facilitated, and the construction cost is reduced. And, because the planking of boats and ships is three-dimensional curved surface, the space is comparatively narrow and small owing to be provided with longitudinal ribs or T row in the both sides of ship board, and the middle zone of ship is more valuable effectively to utilize the space, sets up the boats and ships middle zone into the headspace and effectively utilizes, not only conveniently arranges equipment and centralized control room, does benefit to crewman's work, can also make the cabin structure more regular, and personnel's activity area is more concentrated, makes things convenient for the fire control protection of putting out a fire.
In addition, the fireproof protection layer is arranged between the transverse bulkhead between the reserved space and the cargo hold, and the fireproof protection layer is adopted to replace the existing isolation hold, so that the weight of ship steel can be reduced, the space utilization rate is improved, and the cost is reduced.
Furthermore, the size of the bay is determined according to the relation between the historical damage size data and the corresponding cabin size, so that the protection effect of the bay can be effectively improved, and the survival probability of a crew in the process of ship damage is improved.
The ship of the invention is formed by the arrangement of the cabin arrangement method, and has the technical effects.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a side view schematic of a prior art marine vessel;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of a prior art marine vessel;
FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of a vessel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic front view of a ship according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic top view of a nacelle of the marine vessel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic top view of a nacelle of a marine vessel according to another embodiment of the present invention.
List of reference numerals:
1 nacelle
11 headspace
2 isolation cabin
3 cargo hold
4 ballast tank
5 outer plate of ship
21 first compartment
22 second compartment
211 first transverse bulkhead
212 second transverse bulkhead
213 longitudinal bulkhead
23 fire protection layer
24-structure waterline
D1 lateral separation distance
D2 longitudinal separation distance
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustrative purposes, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. It is to be noted that the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict.
It should be understood that the drawings provided in the embodiments of the present invention are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention, and although the drawings only show the components related to the present invention and are not drawn according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation, the form, quantity and proportion of the components in actual implementation can be changed freely, and the layout of the components can be more complicated. The structures, proportions, and dimensions shown in the drawings and described in the specification are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure, which is defined by the claims, but rather by the claims, the drawings and the appended claims are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.
It should be noted that, the term "longitudinal" as used herein refers to a direction in which the bow of the ship is directed to the stern, and the term "transverse" refers to a direction perpendicular to the "longitudinal" direction on the same horizontal plane.
Fig. 1 provides a side view of a prior art hold structure and fig. 2 provides a top view of the hold structure shown in fig. 1. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a conventional ship tank includes a cabin 1, a cargo hold 3, an isolation tank 2 disposed between the cabin 1 and the cargo hold 3, and a ballast tank 4 disposed below the cabin 1, the cargo hold 3, and the isolation tank 2. Wherein the isolation chamber 2 disposed between the cabin 1 and the cargo hold 3 is a full-width cargo tank or an isolated empty tank, i.e., the isolation chamber 2 has the same transverse length as the cabin 2 or the cargo hold 3, which results in a low space utilization of the entire cabin.
Furthermore, the longitudinal boundary of the prior art cofferdam 2 is typically 1/3 × L of the entire length of the ship(2/3)The design of the size is based on the experience of the industry, is suitable for the damage requirement in the whole ship area, does not carry out targeted damage simulation calculation aiming at the characteristics of large space in a cabin, more equipment and mutual communication of platforms of all layers, and has poor compartment protection effect.
In order to solve the above and other problems, embodiments of the present invention provide a method of arranging a hold including a cabin and a hold, the cabin being spaced apart from the hold by a first transverse bulkhead. When the cabin is arranged, two compartments are respectively arranged at two side positions of one end, close to the cargo compartment, of the cabin, wherein the two compartments are respectively a first compartment and a second compartment which are symmetrically distributed relative to a longitudinal midline of the ship body, one end, close to the cargo compartment, of the first compartment or the second compartment is connected with a first transverse bulkhead, and the longitudinal length of the first compartment or the second compartment is smaller than that of the cabin; the first compartment and the second compartment are provided with a reserved space in the transverse direction, and the reserved space is separated from the cargo compartment through the first compartment wall; and arranging a fireproof protective layer on the surface of the first transverse bulkhead between the reserved space and the cargo hold.
Specifically, referring to fig. 3 and 4, when two compartments are disposed at two side positions of one end of the nacelle 1 close to the cargo hold 3, first, a second transverse bulkhead 212 and a longitudinal bulkhead 213, which are perpendicular to each other, are disposed at two side positions of one end of the nacelle 1 close to the cargo hold 3, respectively, at the other end of the nacelle 1 close to the cargo hold 3, the second transverse bulkhead 212, the longitudinal bulkhead 213, the first transverse bulkhead 211, and the outer panel 5 of the ship serve as four side walls of the compartment, and the bottom plate and the main deck of the ship serve as a bottom wall and a top wall of the compartment, respectively, to jointly enclose a compartment space. Alternatively, the longitudinal bulkheads 213 of the compartments may be vertically disposed, as shown in FIG. 5. To further save space in the nacelle 1, the longitudinal bulkhead 213 of the compartment may also be arranged obliquely, as shown in fig. 6; the slope of the inclined longitudinal bulkhead 213 is the same as the slope of the structural waterline 24 on the outer panel 5 of the ship forming the compartment.
The two compartments are a first compartment 21 and a second compartment 22, respectively, the first compartment 21 and the second compartment 22 are symmetrically distributed with respect to a longitudinal centerline of the hull, a headspace 11 is present between the first compartment 21 and the second compartment 22, and a middle area of the headspace 11 present between the two ship boards can effectively utilize the middle area of the ship boards, thereby saving space in the nacelle 1 to a certain extent and improving space utilization. It should be noted that a completely watertight separation between the compartment and the nacelle 1 is required. When the equipment in the bay is connected to the equipment in the nacelle 1, it is necessary to penetrate the boundary between the bay and the nacelle 1 through the piping. At this time, a watertight bulkhead penetrating process such as a sleeve should be used to ensure watertightness between the bulkhead and the nacelle 1. Alternatively, the compartment may be provided with a fuel compartment, a diesel compartment, a fuel compartment, a fresh water compartment, a drinking water compartment, etc.
In order to ensure fire protection between the cabin 1 and the cargo compartment 3, the present embodiment is further provided with a fire protection layer 23 on the first transverse bulkhead 211 between the headspace 11 and the cargo compartment 3. On one hand, the fireproof protection layer 23 replaces the traditional compartment, the steel weight of the ship is reduced, and the cost is saved. On the other hand, the fireproof protective layer 23 is made of a noncombustible material, and when a fire breaks out on one side of the first transverse bulkhead 211, the temperature of the other side can be controlled within 140 ℃ within 60 minutes. In this embodiment, the fireproof protective layer 23 is disposed on the first transverse bulkhead 211 in the reserved space 11.
In order to ensure that the compartment has better anti-damage capability, the cabin layout method in this embodiment further includes determining isolation size data of the compartment according to damage size data of the cabin of marine accidents of the ship in a historical fixed time period.
Specifically, referring to fig. 5 or 6, acquiring damage size data of an engine room of a marine accident of a ship in a historical fixed time period and size data of a corresponding engine room, wherein the damage size data comprises a transverse damage length and a longitudinal damage length; the dimensional data of the corresponding cabin comprises a cabin transverse length and a cabin longitudinal length;
calculating the relationship between the damaged size data and the size data of the corresponding engine room;
and determining the transverse isolation distance D1 and the longitudinal isolation distance D2 of the compartment in the preset cabin according to the relationship between the damage size data and the size data of the corresponding cabin and the size data of the preset cabin.
In an alternative embodiment, after the step of determining the preset transverse separation distance D1 and the longitudinal separation distance D2 of the cabin compartment, the method further includes the following steps:
acquiring impact stress data of marine accidents of ships within a historical fixed time period;
calculating and evaluating the protection capability of the compartments with different sizes on the corresponding engine room under the action of different impact stress data by adopting a finite element modeling analysis method;
acquiring bulkhead transverse isolation data with good protection capacity, and taking an average value as optimal transverse isolation data;
the transverse separation distance D1 for a bay is compared to the optimum transverse separation distance D1 for the bay, and the maximum value is taken as the final transverse separation distance D1 for the bay.
It should be noted that when calculating and evaluating the protection capability of a compartment in an aircraft cabin when an impact force is applied, the evaluation criteria of the protection capability are as follows: when the compartment area is impacted, only the compartment is damaged, and the cabin is not damaged, the compartment protection capability is judged to be good; the protection is poor if the cabin and the compartment are damaged.
In the present embodiment, referring to fig. 5 or fig. 6, it is finally obtained that the longitudinal separation distance D2 of each compartment accounts for 30% to 45% of the longitudinal length of the nacelle 1, and the lateral separation distance D1 of each compartment accounts for 15% to 20% of the lateral length of the nacelle 1, and meanwhile, the longitudinal separation distance is not less than 8.5 meters, so that a better compartment breakage prevention effect can be obtained.
The transverse separation distance D1 and the longitudinal separation distance D2 of each compartment are measured from the structural waterline 24 of the ship inside the compartment, and the longitudinal length of the compartment is larger than the longitudinal separation distance D2 of the compartment, and the transverse length of the compartment is larger than the transverse separation distance D1 of the compartment.
The embodiment also provides a ship obtained according to the cabin arrangement method, and specific structures refer to structural drawings and description in the cabin arrangement method, and are not described in detail herein.
In summary, in the cabin arrangement method of the present invention, two bays are respectively arranged at two ship sides of one end of the cabin close to the cargo hold, and a reserved space is arranged in the middle area between the two bays, so that there is no bay between the reserved space and the cargo hold, and therefore, the through-cabin arrangement of the pipe system and the cable is more convenient, the construction is convenient, and the construction cost is reduced. And, because the planking of boats and ships is three-dimensional curved surface, the space is comparatively narrow and small owing to be provided with longitudinal ribs or T row in the both sides of ship board, and the middle zone of ship is more valuable effectively to utilize the space, sets up the boats and ships middle zone into the headspace and effectively utilizes, not only conveniently arranges equipment and centralized control room, does benefit to crewman's work, can also make the cabin structure more regular, and personnel's activity area is more concentrated, makes things convenient for the fire control protection of putting out a fire.
In addition, the fireproof protection layer is arranged between the transverse bulkhead between the reserved space and the cargo hold, and the fireproof protection layer is adopted to replace the existing isolation hold, so that the weight of ship steel can be reduced, the space utilization rate is improved, and the cost is reduced.
Furthermore, the size of the bay is determined according to the relation between the historical damage size data and the corresponding cabin size, so that the protection effect of the bay can be effectively improved, and the survival probability of a crew in the process of ship damage is improved.
The ship of the invention is formed by the arrangement of the cabin arrangement method, and has the technical effects.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. A method of arranging a hold comprising a cabin and a hold, the cabin being separated from the hold by a first transverse bulkhead, comprising:
two compartments are respectively arranged on two sides of the cabin close to the cargo hold, wherein the two compartments are respectively a first compartment and a second compartment which are symmetrically distributed relative to the longitudinal center line of the ship body, one end of the first compartment or the second compartment close to the cargo hold is connected with the first transverse compartment wall, and the longitudinal length of the first compartment or the second compartment is smaller than that of the cabin; the first compartment and the second compartment have a reserved space in the transverse direction, and the reserved space is separated from the cargo compartment through the first compartment wall;
and arranging a fireproof protective layer on the surface of the first transverse bulkhead between the reserved space and the cargo hold.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of arranging two compartments at two respective side positions of the hold near one end of the hold comprises:
and two ship board positions at one end of the cabin, which is close to the cargo hold, are respectively provided with a second transverse bulkhead and a vertical bulkhead which are vertical to each other, the second transverse bulkhead, the vertical bulkhead, the first transverse bulkhead and the ship board outer plate are used as four side walls of the compartment, and the bottom plate and the main deck of the ship are respectively used as the bottom wall and the top wall of the compartment, so that a compartment space is formed by enclosing together.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of arranging two compartments at two respective side positions of the hold near one end of the hold comprises:
and determining the isolation size data of the compartment according to the damage size data of the engine room of the marine accident of the ship in the historical fixed time period.
4. The cabin layout method according to claim 3, wherein the step of determining the insulation size data of the compartments by the damage size data of the cabin of the marine accident of the ship comprises:
acquiring damage size data of an engine room of a marine accident of a ship and size data of a corresponding engine room in a historical fixed time period, wherein the damage size data comprises a transverse damage length and a longitudinal damage length; the dimensional data of the corresponding nacelle comprises a nacelle transverse length and a nacelle longitudinal length;
calculating a relationship between the damage size data and the size data of the corresponding nacelle;
and determining the transverse isolation distance and the longitudinal isolation distance of the compartment in the preset cabin according to the relationship between the damage size data and the size data of the corresponding cabin and the size data of the preset cabin.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of arranging two compartments at two side positions of the one end of the compartment adjacent to the cargo compartment further comprises:
acquiring damage size data of an engine room of a marine accident of a ship in a historical fixed time period, size data of a corresponding engine room and impact stress data;
and integrating the damage size data, the size data of the corresponding engine room and the impact stress data to determine the isolation size data of the compartment.
6. The cabin layout method according to claim 4, further comprising, after the step of determining the transverse separation distance and the longitudinal separation distance of the compartments within the preset cabin:
acquiring impact stress data of marine accidents of ships within a historical fixed time period;
calculating and evaluating the protection capability of the compartments with different sizes on the corresponding engine room under the action of different impact stress data by adopting a finite element modeling analysis method;
acquiring transverse isolation distance data of the compartment with good protection capacity, and taking an average value as an optimal transverse isolation distance;
comparing the lateral isolation distance of the compartment with the optimal lateral isolation distance of the compartment, taking the maximum value as the final lateral isolation distance of the compartment.
7. A method according to claim 4 or 6, wherein the longitudinal separation distance of each compartment is 30-45% of the longitudinal length of the nacelle and is not less than 8.5 m, and the lateral separation distance of each compartment is 15-20% of the lateral length of the nacelle.
8. A method of arranging hold according to claim 7 wherein the lateral and longitudinal separation distances of each of the hold are taken from the structural water line of the vessel inside the hold, the longitudinal length of the hold being greater than the longitudinal separation distance of the hold, the lateral length of the hold being greater than the lateral separation distance of the hold.
9. A cabin arrangement method according to claim 1, characterised in that the fire protection layer is provided on the side of the first transverse bulkhead within the headspace.
10. A method of arranging hold according to claim 1, wherein the compartment is provided as an oil hold, water hold or isolated empty hold.
11. A method of arranging a hold according to claim 1 wherein the hold is watertight separate from the hold.
12. A method of arranging cabins according to claim 2, where the longitudinal bulkheads of the compartments are arranged vertically or inclined.
13. A ship formed by the cabin layout method according to any one of claims 1 to 12.
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