CN114128420B - Soil cutting device based on self-excited vibration - Google Patents

Soil cutting device based on self-excited vibration Download PDF

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CN114128420B
CN114128420B CN202111342019.0A CN202111342019A CN114128420B CN 114128420 B CN114128420 B CN 114128420B CN 202111342019 A CN202111342019 A CN 202111342019A CN 114128420 B CN114128420 B CN 114128420B
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spring
self
excited
mandrel
hole
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CN114128420A (en
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肖茂华
汪开鑫
周俊博
江丰
汪洋
赵远方
李亚杰
牛明珉
耿国盛
朱烨均
朱跃
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Nanjing Agricultural University
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Nanjing Agricultural University
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B33/00Tilling implements with rotary driven tools, e.g. in combination with fertiliser distributors or seeders, with grubbing chains, with sloping axles, with driven discs
    • A01B33/08Tools; Details, e.g. adaptations of transmissions or gearings
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B33/00Tilling implements with rotary driven tools, e.g. in combination with fertiliser distributors or seeders, with grubbing chains, with sloping axles, with driven discs
    • A01B33/08Tools; Details, e.g. adaptations of transmissions or gearings
    • A01B33/10Structural or functional features of the tools ; Theoretical aspects of the cutting action
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/10Geometric CAD
    • G06F30/17Mechanical parametric or variational design

Abstract

The invention provides a soil cutting device based on self-excited vibration, which comprises a rotary blade arranged in a shell, wherein a cutter handle welding block welded at the bottom of the rotary blade is inserted into a waist-shaped hole at one end of a spring mandrel in the shell, and a self-excited spring is arranged on the spring mandrel; when rotary tillage is carried out, the cutter handle welding block swings in the waist-shaped hole, one side of the cutter handle welding block is contacted with the end face of the self-excited spring, and the self-excited spring can be compressed, so that self-excited vibration is generated; when the self-excited vibration frequency is the same as the natural frequency of the whole cutting device, the optimal soil cutting effect is achieved, and the resistance reduction and consumption reduction effects are the best. The two ends of the spring mandrel are provided with threads and fastened through nuts, the horizontal position of the spring mandrel is changed by screwing the nuts, the relative position of a kidney-shaped hole on the spring mandrel and a welding block of the tool holder can be changed, the rotation amplitude of the rotary tillage tool is limited, and the rotary tillage tool can adapt to tillage vibration cutting work under different soil qualities and different working conditions.

Description

Soil cutting device based on self-excited vibration
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural soil cultivation, and particularly relates to a soil cutting device based on self-excited vibration.
Background
The rotary cultivator is used as the most important farming agricultural machinery, has the characteristics of strong soil crushing capability, flat ground surface after tillage and the like, and is widely applied in plain areas, but in actual use, the rotary cultivator often has the defects of quick part loss, high tillage resistance and the like. According to statistics, the rotary cultivator needs to consume a large amount of energy in the soil crushing process, which is about 3-6 times of other cultivation operations. Therefore, the research on resistance reduction and consumption reduction of soil cultivation, particularly rotary tillage, is very important.
With the proposal of vibration drag reduction cutting theory, some scholars at home and abroad develop the related research of vibration subsoiling technology and obtain more fruitful results. At present, the research of the domestic self-excitation vibration subsoiler has a certain foundation, but the research on the self-excitation vibration cutting aspect of soil is relatively lacked, and especially the research on the self-excitation vibration aspect of the rotary blade is more rare. Meanwhile, the existing soil vibration cutting research shows that compared with the traditional soil cultivation, the vibration soil cultivation has obvious effects of reducing resistance and consumption; therefore, it is necessary to introduce a self-excited vibration cutting theory, combine with the current self-excited vibration soil cutting related technology, and comprehensively explore the bent blade cultivation resistance change rule of the rotary cultivator under the change of vibration frequency and amplitude, thereby designing a novel rotary blade device which enables the bent blade to generate self-excited vibration cutting during cultivation.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem of high power consumption in the existing rotary tillage operation, the invention provides a soil cutting device based on self-excited vibration, which can effectively reduce tillage resistance and energy consumption, thereby reducing agricultural cost.
The present invention achieves the above-described object by the following technical means.
A soil cutting device based on self-excited vibration comprises a rotary blade arranged in a shell, wherein a blade handle hole is formed in the lower portion of a blade handle of the rotary blade, a blade handle hole shaft is arranged in the blade handle hole, the blade handle hole shaft is in clearance fit with the blade handle hole, two ends of the blade handle hole shaft are fixed on the shell through a fastening washer and a fastening nut, compression springs are arranged on the blade handle hole shafts on two sides of the blade handle hole, and two ends of each compression spring respectively press the blade handle of the rotary blade and the inner wall of the shell;
the rotary cultivator also comprises a spring mandrel, two ends of the spring mandrel are respectively arranged on the front end face and the rear end face of the shell, a through waist-shaped hole is formed in the spring mandrel, the bottom of a cutter handle of the rotary cultivator is welded and fixed with a cutter handle welding block, the thickness of the cutter handle welding block is smaller than that of the rotary cultivator and the diameter of the waist-shaped hole, and the cutter handle welding block is vertically inserted into the waist-shaped hole; the spring mandrel is provided with a self-excitation spring, the self-excitation spring and the spring mandrel are in concentric shaft clearance fit, and one end of the self-excitation spring is in contact with the welding block of the tool holder.
Furthermore, two ends of the spring mandrel respectively penetrate through the front end face and the rear end face of the shell and are fixed with the shell through a mandrel nut and a mandrel nut gasket.
Further, a spring washer A and a spring washer B are respectively arranged on the spring mandrel at the inner wall of the front end and the inner wall of the rear end of the shell, and the other end of the self-excitation spring presses the spring washer A.
Furthermore, the shell is formed by splicing two parts, one part is a box-type structure with an opening at the top and one side, and the other part comprises an inner shell cover and an outer shell cover; box structure opening one side loops through casing lid and shell body lid in the bolt installation from inside to outside, and interior casing lid is rectangular plate structure, and the shell body lid is character cut in bas-relief shape structure.
Furthermore, the inner shell cover and the box-type structure side are provided with fixing through holes for the knife handle hole shaft to pass through, and two ends of the knife handle hole shaft respectively pass through the inner shell cover and the box-type structure side and are fixed through a fastening gasket and a fastening nut.
Furthermore, the bottom of the shell is welded and fixed with the tool apron, and the tool apron adopts the national standard size of the tool apron of the IT245 rotary blade.
Further, the parameter selection method of the self-excited spring comprises the following steps: firstly, calculating the load borne by the rotary tillage cutter tillage operation under the condition of the cultivated soil, and then determining the parameters of a self-excited spring by comparing with the size parameters of a standard cylindrical helical compression spring (two end rings are tightly ground or forged); the load calculation formula of the rotary blade tillage operation is as follows:
Figure GDA0003596451780000021
wherein, F 1 The load applied to the tillage operation of the rotary blade is represented; r 1 Represents the linear distance from the fixing through-hole 22 to the tip of the rotary blade; r 2 The linear distance between the fixing through hole and the bottom of the welding block of the tool handle is represented; f represents the soil resistance to which the rotary blade is subjected.
Further, the length size calculation formula of the kidney-shaped hole (21) is as follows:
Figure GDA0003596451780000022
wherein, F 2 Representing the load experienced by the self-excited spring; theta represents the maximum rotation angle of the welding block of the tool holder; k is a radical of formula F Representing the spring rate of the self-excited spring; λ represents the axial deformation of the self-excited spring.
Further, the compression amount adjusting method of the self-excited spring comprises the following steps: the length of the two ends of the spring mandrel exceeding the shell is adjusted by adjusting the mandrel nuts at the two ends of the spring mandrel, and the position of the waist-shaped hole is adjusted along the horizontal direction, so that the self-excited vibration frequency and amplitude of the rotary blade are changed;
when the rotary tillage cutter is stressed unevenly, the rotary tillage cutter swings radially and slightly around the hole axis of the cutter handle to generate nonlinear and periodic self-excited vibration, and when the self-excited vibration frequency is the same as the natural frequency of the cutting device, the vibration amplitude of the rotary tillage cutter reaches the maximum.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention processes screw thread on the two ends of the spring mandrel and fastens the screw thread through the nut, the structure not only simplifies the fixing mode of the spring mandrel, but also changes the horizontal position of the spring mandrel by screwing the corresponding nut, thereby changing the relative position of the waist-shaped hole on the spring mandrel and the welding block of the tool holder, limiting the rotation amplitude of the rotary tillage tool, and being capable of adapting to the cultivation vibration cutting work under different soil qualities and different working conditions.
(2) The thickness of the handle welding block of the rotary tillage cutter is designed to be slightly smaller than that of the handle of the rotary tillage cutter, so that the rotary tillage cutter swings around the axial direction of the hole shaft of the handle of the cutter by a small amplitude during tillage, a solid part of soil can be avoided, and the aims of protecting a cutting device and reducing tillage resistance are fulfilled.
(3) The cutter seat of the invention adopts the national standard size of the cutter seat of the IT245 rotary tillage cutter and is welded with the bottom of the shell, so that the whole self-excited vibration rotary tillage cutter device can be arranged on other standard rotary tillage cutter rollers, and the universality of the whole cutting device is ensured.
(4) In order to facilitate processing and reduce processing cost, the shell cover and the shell are fastened and sealed through the bolt group after the short edge surface of the shell is milled, and the influence of soil particles on the device can be prevented, so that the whole device can work in an environment with more dust.
(5) The spring washer is arranged at the contact position of the self-excitation spring and the inner wall of the shell, and can play a certain buffering role.
(6) The whole cutting device provided by the invention is convenient to disassemble, is convenient to maintain and replace parts, can replace parts with different parameters according to different working conditions, and has better convenience and applicability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the external structure of a cutting device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view showing the internal structure of the cutting apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front view of the internal structure of the cutting apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a rotary blade according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the spring mandrel of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the inner housing cover and the outer housing cover according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1-rotary blade; 2-a knife handle hole shaft; 3-a shell; 4-spindle nut a; 5-spindle nut B; 6-mandrel nut washer a; 7-mandrel nut washer B; 8-self-excited spring; 9-a spring mandrel; 10-spring washer a; 11-spring washer B; 12-tool shank welding block; 13-a tool apron; 14-compression spring a; 15-compression spring B; 16-a fastening washer; 17-a fastening nut; 18-outer housing cover; 19-inner housing cover; 20-a shank hole; 21-kidney shaped hole; 22-fixing the through hole.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are merely for convenience of describing the present invention, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention; the terms "mounted," "connected," "fixed," and the like are to be construed broadly and may include, for example, fixed connections, removable connections, or integral connections, direct connections, indirect connections through intervening media, and communication between two elements; the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations by those of ordinary skill in the art. In the description of the present invention, the english alphabets "a" and "B" are used for convenience of distinguishing the components having the same name from each other, and are not intended to limit the present invention.
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the soil cutting device based on self-excited vibration of the invention comprises an improved IT245 rotary blade 1, a shell 3, a self-excited spring 8, a spring mandrel 9, a handle welding block 12, a blade holder 13, a compression spring A14, a compression spring B15, an inner shell cover 19 and an outer shell cover 18.
As shown in fig. 1 and 6, the housing 3 is formed by splicing two parts, one part is a box-type structure with an open top and one side, and the other part comprises an inner housing cover 19 and an outer housing cover 18; an inner shell cover 19 and an outer shell cover 18 are sequentially arranged on one side of the opening of the box-type structure from inside to outside, the inner shell cover 19 is of a rectangular plate-shaped structure, and the outer shell cover 18 is of a concave structure. In this embodiment, preferably, a plurality of bolt mounting holes are provided on the inner housing cover 19, the outer housing cover 18 and the side of the opening of the box structure, and the inner housing cover 19 and the outer housing cover 18 are mounted on the housing 3 by bolts.
The bottom of the shell 3 is welded and fixed with the tool apron 13, and the tool apron 13 adopts the national standard size of an IT245 rotary blade tool apron so as to realize the universality and convenience of the installation of the whole cutting device.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the rotary blade 1 is installed in the housing 3, the blade of the rotary blade 1 extends out of the housing 3 from the top of the housing 3, a blade holder hole 20 is formed in the lower portion of a blade holder of the rotary blade 1, a blade holder hole shaft 2 is installed in the blade holder hole 20, the blade holder hole shaft 2 is in clearance fit with the blade holder hole 20, and the blade holder hole shaft 2 is an M12 bolt. The upper side and the side of the box-type structure of the inner shell cover 19 are provided with fixing through holes 22 for the knife handle hole shaft 2 to pass through, the two ends of the knife handle hole shaft 2 respectively pass through the inner shell cover 19 and the side of the box-type structure and are fixed through the fastening washer 16 and the fastening nut 17, and the knife handle hole shaft 2 is always kept in a fixed state during the operation of the cutting device.
As shown in fig. 3, a compression spring a14 and a compression spring B15 are respectively installed between one side of the rotary blade 1 and the inner wall of the inner housing cover 19 and between the other side of the rotary blade 1 and the inner wall of the box-type structure in a pressing manner, and the compression spring a14 and the compression spring B15 are both sleeved on the outer surface of the shank hole shaft 2, so that the rotary blade of the rotary blade 1 can rotate in a small axial direction relative to the shank hole shaft 2 during rotary tillage.
As shown in fig. 2, M18 mechanical threads are disposed at both ends of the spring spindle 9, through holes for the spring spindle 9 to pass through are disposed on both front and rear end faces of the housing 3, the front end of the spring spindle 9 is assembled and fixed with the housing 3 through a spindle nut a4 and a spindle nut washer a6, and the rear end of the spring spindle is assembled and fixed with the housing 3 through a spindle nut B5 and a spindle nut washer B7, thereby achieving the purpose of fastening the spring spindle 9. As shown in fig. 2, spring washers a10 and B11 are provided on the spring arbor 9 at the inner walls of the front and rear ends of the housing 3, respectively.
As shown in fig. 2, 3 and 5, a through waist-shaped hole 21 is formed in the spring mandrel 9, the bottom of the handle of the rotary blade 1 is welded and fixed with the handle welding block 12, the thickness of the handle welding block 12 is smaller than the thickness of the rotary blade 1 and the diameter of the waist-shaped hole 21, and the handle welding block 12 is vertically inserted into the waist-shaped hole 21; in the present embodiment, the thickness of the shank solder bump 12 is preferably 8 mm. The self-excited spring 8 is arranged on the spring mandrel 9, and the self-excited spring 8 and the spring mandrel 9 are in clearance fit with each other by concentric shafts, so that the self-excited spring 8 can be compressed and stretched between the spring mandrels 9; one end of the self-excited spring 8 is contacted with the welding block 12 of the tool shank, and the other end is pressed against the spring washer A10 to play a role of buffering.
The handle welding block 12 is used for realizing effective transmission connection of the rotary blade 1 and the self-excitation spring 8, when rotary tillage operation is carried out, resistance on a blade of the rotary blade 1 is transmitted to the handle hole shaft 2 from the main cutting edge, the handle welding block 12 swings in the kidney-shaped hole 21 through a revolute pair, and one side of the handle welding block 12 is in end face contact with the self-excitation spring 8 and can compress the self-excitation spring 8, so that corresponding self-excitation vibration is generated.
In practical use, the length of the part, exceeding the shell 3, of the two ends of the spring mandrel 9 can be adjusted by adjusting the mandrel nuts at the two ends of the spring mandrel 9, and then the position of the kidney-shaped hole 21 is adjusted in the horizontal direction, so that the compression amount of the self-excited spring 8 is controlled. Under different farming environment working conditions, the self-excited vibration frequency and amplitude of the rotary blade 1 can be changed by adjusting the extension length of the spring mandrel 9 at the two ends of the device shell 3, so that the optimal soil cutting effect can be obtained conveniently.
Before the soil cutting device based on self-excited vibration is put into use, parameters of a self-excited spring 8 and size parameters of a kidney-shaped hole 21 are determined according to different soil working conditions so as to obtain the best cutting effect and achieve the purposes of reducing resistance and reducing consumption to the maximum, and a specific parameter confirmation method comprises the following steps:
firstly, calculating the load borne by the rotary tillage blade 1 in tillage under the condition of the cultivated soil, and then determining the parameters of a self-excited spring 8 according to the reference of the size parameters of a standard cylindrical helical compression spring (two end rings are tightly ground or forged); the load calculation formula of the tillage operation of the rotary blade 1 is as follows:
Figure GDA0003596451780000061
wherein, F 1 Indicating rotationThe unit of the load borne by the tillage operation of the tillage knife 1 is N; r 1 The straight line distance between the fixed through hole 22 and the tool tip of the rotary blade 1 is expressed in mm; r is 2 The linear distance between the fixing through hole 22 and the bottom of the tool shank welding block 12 is shown, and the unit is mm; f represents the soil resistance to which the rotary blade 1 is subjected, and is expressed in units of N.
Then, the length size of the waist-shaped hole 21 in the spring mandrel 9 is determined according to the load range of the rotary blade 1 during the cultivation operation and the parameters of the self-excited spring 8; the length size calculation formula of the kidney-shaped hole 21 is as follows:
Figure GDA0003596451780000062
wherein, F 2 Represents the load to which the self-excited spring 8 is subjected, in units of N; theta represents the maximum angle of rotation of the tool holder welding block 12, and the unit is DEG; k is a radical of F Spring rate of the self-excited spring 8 is shown, and the unit is N/mm; λ represents the axial deformation of the self-excited spring 8 in mm.
Then, each part of the cutting device is manufactured and assembled according to the calculation result, and the assembled cutting device is installed on the corresponding rotary cultivator knife roller for soil cultivation. In the cultivation process, under the action of the self-excitation spring 8, the compression spring A14 and the compression spring B15, the rotary blade 1 can rotate around the radial direction of the shank hole shaft 2 in a small amplitude due to uneven stress, the rotary blade 1 can generate nonlinear and periodic self-excitation vibration when swinging back and forth along the shank hole shaft 2 in a small amplitude, when the self-excitation vibration frequency is the same as the natural frequency of the whole cutting device, the vibration amplitude of the rotary blade 1 reaches the maximum, namely the optimal soil cutting effect is achieved, and the resistance reduction effect at the moment is the best.
When the condition of the cultivated soil is changed, the length size of the waist-shaped hole 21 and the load range of the rotary blade 1 under the soil condition are determined according to the method, then the parameters of the new self-exciting spring 8 are determined according to the length size, and then the self-exciting spring 8 is changed, so that the use is very convenient and flexible.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and any obvious improvements, substitutions or modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. A soil cutting device based on self-excited vibration is characterized by comprising a rotary blade (1) arranged in a shell (3), a blade handle hole shaft (2) is arranged in a blade handle hole (20) in the lower portion of a blade handle of the rotary blade (1), the blade handle hole shaft (2) is in clearance fit with the blade handle hole (20), and two ends of the blade handle hole shaft (2) penetrate through a fixing through hole (22) in the shell (3) and are fixed through a fastening washer (16) and a fastening nut (17); compression springs are arranged on the shank hole shafts (2) positioned on the two sides of the shank hole (20), and the two ends of each compression spring respectively press the shank of the rotary blade (1) and the inner wall of the shell (3);
the rotary cultivator also comprises a spring mandrel (9) with two ends respectively arranged on the front end face and the rear end face of the shell (3), a through waist-shaped hole (21) is formed in the spring mandrel (9), the bottom of a handle of the rotary cultivator (1) is welded and fixed with a handle welding block (12), the thickness of the handle welding block (12) is smaller than that of the rotary cultivator (1) and the diameter of the waist-shaped hole (21), and the handle welding block (12) is vertically inserted into the waist-shaped hole (21); a self-excitation spring (8) is arranged on the spring mandrel (9), the self-excitation spring (8) and the spring mandrel (9) are in concentric shaft clearance fit, and one end of the self-excitation spring (8) is in contact with a cutter handle welding block (12);
two ends of the spring mandrel (9) respectively penetrate through the front end face and the rear end face of the shell (3) and are fixed with the shell (3) through a mandrel nut and a mandrel nut gasket;
the parameter selection method of the self-excited spring (8) comprises the following steps: firstly, calculating the load borne by the tillage operation of the rotary tillage cutter (1) under the condition of the tilled soil, and then determining the parameters of the self-excited spring (8) by comparing the size and the parameters of a cylindrical spiral compression spring (two end coils are tightly ground or forged); the load calculation formula of the tillage operation of the rotary blade (1) is as follows:
Figure FDA0003736554010000011
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,F 1 represents the load borne by the tillage operation of the rotary blade (1); r is 1 Represents the straight distance between the fixing through hole 22 and the tip of the rotary blade (1); r 2 The straight line distance between the fixing through hole (22) and the bottom of the tool shank welding block (12) is shown; f represents the soil resistance received by the rotary blade (1);
the length size calculation formula of the kidney-shaped hole (21) is as follows:
Figure FDA0003736554010000012
wherein, F 2 Representing the load to which the self-excited spring (8) is subjected; theta represents the maximum angle of rotation of the tool shank welding block (12); k is a radical of formula F Representing the spring rate of the self-excited spring (8); λ represents an axial deformation amount of the self-excited spring (8);
the compression amount adjusting method of the self-excited spring (8) comprises the following steps: the length of the two ends of the spring mandrel (9) exceeding the shell (3) is adjusted by adjusting mandrel nuts at the two ends of the spring mandrel (9), and the position of the waist-shaped hole (21) is further adjusted along the horizontal direction, so that the self-excited vibration frequency and amplitude of the rotary blade (1) are changed;
when soil is cultivated, the rotary blade (1) swings around the shank hole shaft (2) in a radial small amplitude due to uneven stress, the rotary blade (1) swings back and forth along the shank hole shaft (2) in a small amplitude to generate nonlinear and periodic self-excited vibration, and when the self-excited vibration frequency is the same as the natural frequency of the cutting device, the vibration amplitude of the rotary blade (1) reaches the maximum.
2. Self-excited vibration-based soil cutting device according to claim 1, wherein a spring washer a (10) and a spring washer B (11) are provided on the spring mandrel (9) at the front end inner wall and the rear end inner wall of the housing (3), respectively, and the other end of the self-excited spring (8) is pressed against the spring washer a (10).
3. Self-excited vibration-based soil cutting device according to claim 1, wherein the housing (3) is composed of a two-part split joint, one part being a box structure with an open top and one side, the other part comprising an inner housing cover (19) and an outer housing cover (18); one side of the opening of the box-type structure is sequentially provided with an inner shell cover (19) and an outer shell cover (18) through bolts from inside to outside, the inner shell cover (19) is of a rectangular plate-shaped structure, and the outer shell cover (18) is of a concave structure.
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