CN114122456B - Three-stage water-cooling heat dissipation system for fuel cell engine test and heat dissipation method thereof - Google Patents
Three-stage water-cooling heat dissipation system for fuel cell engine test and heat dissipation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114122456B CN114122456B CN202111436435.7A CN202111436435A CN114122456B CN 114122456 B CN114122456 B CN 114122456B CN 202111436435 A CN202111436435 A CN 202111436435A CN 114122456 B CN114122456 B CN 114122456B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
- H01M8/04358—Temperature; Ambient temperature of the coolant
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cell engine system cooling circuit testing, and particularly relates to a three-stage water cooling heat dissipation system device for fuel cell engine testing and a heat dissipation method thereof, which are mainly used for a fuel cell engine testing platform, and are used for testing a water thermal management cooling system of a fuel cell engine when the fuel cell engine is not provided with a cooling fan, realizing accurate testing of an engine water channel by carrying out temperature control on water channel cooling and heating of the fuel cell engine, testing performance parameters of all parts of a cooling water channel of the fuel cell system, and playing a key role in judging whether the selected configuration of the cooling water channel parts of the fuel cell engine system is reasonable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cell engine system cooling circuit testing, and particularly relates to a three-stage water cooling heat dissipation system device for fuel cell engine testing and a heat dissipation method thereof, which have great effect on performance parameter testing and evaluation of cooling components of a hydrogen fuel cell engine system.
Background
At present, along with the increasing progress of material science, manufacturing process and assembly technology in the fuel cell industry, the improvement of power density and durability becomes an important trend of industrialized development. Meanwhile, high power density and the like also put higher requirements on a water thermal management strategy of the fuel cell, plays a key role on a cooling system of an engine system of the fuel cell, and is a difficult problem at the same time, and the main reasons are as follows: (1) Chemical reaction heat generated due to the irreversibility of the battery; (2) joule heating due to ohmic polarization; (3) humidifying the heat carried in by the gas; (4) absorbing ambient radiant heat.
The waste heat generated by the fuel cell accounts for 50% or more of the converted chemical energy. The exhaust gases from the cells, the radiation from the stack, and the circulating water can carry heat away from the stack. Because the exhaust temperature can only be about 70-80 ℃, the heat dissipation through the exhaust can not be far compared with the effect achieved by the traditional internal combustion engine at the exhaust temperature of hundreds of degrees, and the practical calculation shows that the heat dissipation of the exhaust of the fuel cell only accounts for about 3-5% of the total energy. For radiant heat dissipation, whether a fuel cell engine or an internal combustion engine, only a small fraction is occupied, while for a fuel cell engine radiant heat dissipation is smaller. Therefore, about 95% of the heat needs to be taken away by the cooling water, and this value is only about 50% for the total electrochemical reaction energy (HHV) of the engine, and it is seen that the heat dissipation capacity of the fuel cell engine is relatively high. In addition, the temperature of the cooling water of the fuel cell engine is between the ambient temperature and the operating temperature of the battery, which is significantly less than the temperature difference at which the cooling water of the internal combustion engine operates, by about 30 ℃, and it is seen that the heat dissipation of the fuel cell cooling system is more difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects, the invention provides the three-stage water-cooling heat dissipation system for the fuel cell engine test and the heat dissipation method thereof, which are used for customizing and testing the performance parameters of all parts of the cooling water path of the fuel cell engine system, and reflecting whether the selected configuration of the parts of the cooling water path of the fuel cell engine system is reasonable or not, thereby playing a key role.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
a three-stage water cooling heat dissipation system for testing a fuel cell engine comprises an engine test circulation loop, a test bench internal circulation loop and an external cooling circulation loop;
the engine test circulation loop is formed by connecting a tested fuel cell engine system and an engine test circulation cooling plate heat exchanger through two stainless steel pipelines, and a pneumatic switch valve A, a pressure sensor A, a temperature sensor A and a conductivity sensor are sequentially arranged on the stainless steel pipelines leading from the tested fuel cell engine system to the engine test circulation cooling plate heat exchanger; the stainless steel pipeline leading to the tested fuel cell engine system from the engine circulation testing cooling plate type heat exchanger is sequentially provided with an engine circulation testing cooling liquid flowmeter, a temperature sensor B, a pressure sensor B and a pneumatic switch valve B.
The system comprises a tested fuel cell engine system, a pneumatic switch valve A, a pneumatic switch valve B, a pressure sensor A, a temperature sensor A, a conductivity sensor B, an engine test circulation cooling plate type heat exchanger, an engine test circulation cooling liquid flowmeter and a test system, wherein the tested fuel cell engine system is connected to a stainless steel chuck interface reserved in a test system pipeline through a stainless steel hose or a PU hose, the pneumatic switch valve A and the pneumatic switch valve B are connected with the stainless steel pipeline of the test system in a chuck or threaded interface mode, the pressure sensor A and the pressure sensor B are connected to the stainless steel pipeline of the test system in a threaded mode, the temperature sensor A and the temperature sensor B are connected to the stainless steel pipeline of the test system in a threaded mode, the conductivity sensor is connected to the stainless steel pipeline of the test system in a threaded mode, the engine test circulation cooling liquid flowmeter is connected to the stainless steel pipeline of the test system in a chuck mode.
The engine test circulation cooling plate type heat exchanger in the test bench internal circulation loop is connected with a buffer water tank through a stainless steel pipeline, the stainless steel pipeline is provided with a temperature control valve, the buffer water tank is connected with a water pump through a stainless steel pipeline, the water pump is connected with two branches, one branch is sequentially connected with a heater and the engine test circulation cooling plate type heat exchanger, the stainless steel pipeline connected with the heater and the engine test circulation cooling plate type heat exchanger is sequentially provided with a temperature sensor C, a three-way water mixing valve, a water flowmeter and a cooler, one branch separated by the three-way water mixing valve is connected with the external circulation water test circulation cooling plate type heat exchanger through the stainless steel pipeline, and the stainless steel pipeline is provided with a temperature sensor D; the other branch of the water pump is directly communicated with the external circulating water test circulating cooling plate type heat exchanger.
The temperature control valve is connected to the stainless steel pipeline of the internal circulation of the test system in a chuck mode, the buffer water tank is connected to the stainless steel pipeline of the internal circulation of the test system in a chuck mode, the water pump is connected to the stainless steel pipeline of the internal circulation of the test system in a screw mode, the heater is connected to the stainless steel pipeline of the internal circulation of the test system in a chuck mode, the three-way water mixing valve is connected to the stainless steel pipeline of the internal circulation of the test system in a chuck mode, the water flow meter is connected to the stainless steel pipeline of the internal circulation of the test system in a screw mode, the cooler is connected to the stainless steel pipeline of the internal circulation of the test system in a chuck mode, and the temperature sensor C and the temperature sensor D are connected to the stainless steel pipeline of the internal circulation of the test system in a screw mode.
The external cooling circulation loop consists of two stainless steel pipe branches, and a temperature sensor E, a pressure sensor D, an external circulating cooling water control valve and a switch valve B are sequentially arranged on the branch which goes out of the external circulating water detection circulation cooling plate type heat exchanger; the branch line entering the external circulating water measuring and circulating cooling plate type heat exchanger is sequentially provided with a switch valve A, an external circulating water measuring flowmeter, a pressure sensor C and a temperature sensor F.
The external circulating water measuring and circulating cooling plate type heat exchanger is connected to a stainless steel pipe of an external cooling and circulating loop of the test system in a chuck mode, the switch valve A and the switch valve B are connected to the stainless steel pipe of the external cooling and circulating loop of the test system in the chuck mode, the external circulating water measuring and circulating flowmeter is connected to the stainless steel pipe of the external cooling and circulating loop of the test system in a threaded mode, the pressure sensor C and the pressure sensor D are connected to the stainless steel pipe of the external cooling and circulating loop of the test system in the threaded mode, the temperature sensor F and the temperature sensor E are connected to the stainless steel pipe of the external cooling and circulating loop of the test system in the chuck mode, and the external circulating cooling water control valve is connected to the stainless steel pipe of the external cooling and circulating loop of the test system in the chuck mode.
The three-stage water cooling heat dissipation method for the fuel cell engine test comprises the steps that engine cooling liquid enters from an outlet of a cooling system of a tested fuel cell engine under the driving of a water pump in the engine system, and sequentially passes through a pneumatic switch valve A, a pressure sensor A, a temperature sensor A, a conductivity sensor, an engine test circulation cooling plate heat exchanger, an engine test circulation cooling liquid flowmeter, a temperature sensor B and a pneumatic switch valve B respectively, and then returns to an inlet of the tested fuel cell engine system 1, wherein the pneumatic switch valve A and the pneumatic switch valve B in the circulation loop are inlet and outlet pneumatic switch valve partition systems, the pressure sensor A and the pressure sensor B respectively measure the pressure of inlet and outlet cooling liquid, the temperature sensor A and the temperature sensor B respectively measure the temperature of inlet and outlet cooling liquid, the conductivity sensor measures the conductivity of the cooling liquid, the engine test circulation cooling liquid flowmeter measures the flow of the cooling liquid, and the engine test circulation cooling plate heat exchanger provides a main cooling source for the engine cooling system, and the temperature of the inlet cooling liquid of the engine is rapidly cooled or stably and accurately controlled by adjusting the cooling quantity in real time by using a circulation loop in a test bench under the working conditions of different power and different currents of the engine;
the internal circulation loop of the test bench is mainly driven by a water pump to circulate in a water way of the loop, a buffer water tank plays a buffer role for a water way water tank, a heater heats the loop water to heat the loop water, a water flow meter measures the flow of the loop water, a cooler cools the loop by utilizing an external cooling circulation loop cold source, a temperature sensor C and a temperature sensor D respectively measure the temperatures of an outlet of the heater and an outlet of the cooler, a three-way water mixing valve and a temperature control valve control the inlet temperature of an engine test circulation cooling plate type heat exchanger, the temperature can be raised or lowered to realize stable control of the inlet temperature, and then a stable control environment is provided for controlling the inlet temperature of the engine test circulation loop to enter an engine system;
the external cooling circulating water is supplied to a boundary chuck of the test system by an external water pump, then respectively passes through a switch valve A, an external circulating water measuring flowmeter, a pressure sensor C, a temperature sensor F, an external circulating water measuring circulating cooling plate type heat exchanger, a temperature sensor E, a pressure sensor D, an external circulating cooling water control valve and a switch valve B and then returns to a chilled water return pipeline, wherein the pressure sensor C and the pressure sensor D measure inlet and outlet pressure, the temperature sensor F and the temperature sensor E respectively measure inlet and outlet temperature, the switch valve A and the switch valve B are used for switching off inlet and outlet openings, the external circulating water measuring flowmeter monitors external circulating water flow, the external circulating water measuring circulating cooling plate type heat exchanger provides corresponding cold source cooling capacity for an internal circulating loop of the test bench, the cooling capacity is controlled by the external circulating cooling water control valve, different cold capacities are correspondingly controlled in real time for the internal circulating loop of the test bench, and the internal circulating loop of the test bench can control the temperature of an aqueous medium to control the inlet temperature of the engine measuring circulating loop in real time.
Further, the temperature of the external cooling circulating water is 7-12 ℃, and the temperature of the water medium controlled by the internal circulating loop of the test bench is 20-95 ℃.
Further, the resistance of the engine measured circulation cooling plate type heat exchanger is less than or equal to 7Kpa, the resistance of the engine measured circulation cooling liquid flowmeter is less than or equal to 3Kpa, and the resistance of the whole engine measured circulation loop is less than or equal to 10Kpa.
Further, the inlet temperature of the engine test circulation cooling plate type heat exchanger is controlled to be +/-1 ℃ by the three-way water mixing valve and the temperature control valve.
Further, the inlet temperature of the engine circulation loop controlled by the temperature control valve entering the engine system is controlled to be +/-1 ℃, and the inlet temperature is dynamically controlled to be +/-2 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention is mainly used for a fuel cell engine test platform, when the fuel cell engine is not provided with a cooling fan, the function of a water thermal management cooling system of the fuel cell engine is exerted for testing, the accurate test of the engine waterway is realized by carrying out temperature control on the cooling and heating of the fuel cell engine waterway, the performance parameters of all parts of the cooling waterway of the fuel cell system are tested, and whether the selected configuration of the parts of the cooling waterway of the fuel cell engine system is reasonable is reflected.
The invention is specially used for customizing and testing the performance parameter evaluation of each component of the cooling water path of the fuel cell system for the fuel cell engine system, can provide accurate and stable cooling medium for the fuel cell cooling loop, control the fluctuation of +/-1 ℃ under the stable state of the inlet temperature of the fuel cell engine and +/-2 ℃ under the dynamic state, simultaneously test the conductivity parameter of the cooling water path of the fuel cell, measure the inlet and outlet temperature of the cooling water path of the fuel cell engine, measure the inlet and outlet pressure of the cooling water path of the fuel cell engine, measure the flow rate of cooling water path cooling liquid of the fuel cell engine and the like, and has great effect on the performance parameter test evaluation of the cooling components of the hydrogen fuel cell engine system.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a water cooling system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of a cooling temperature control of a fuel cell engine system;
fig. 3 is a graph of fuel cell engine system power voltage.
In the figure: 1. the tested fuel cell engine system comprises 2, pneumatic switch valves A and 3, pressure sensors A and 4, temperature sensors A and 5, conductivity sensors, 6, an engine circulating cooling plate type heat exchanger, 7, pneumatic switch valves B and 8, pressure sensors B and 9, temperature sensors B and 10, an engine circulating cooling liquid flowmeter, 11, a temperature control valve, 12, a buffer water tank, 13, a water pump, 14, a heater, 15, a three-way water mixing valve, 16, a water flow meter, 17, a cooler, 18, temperature sensors C and 19, a temperature sensor D and 20, an external circulating water circulating cooling plate type heat exchanger, 21, switch valves A and 22, an external circulating water measuring meter, 23, a pressure sensor C and 24, a temperature sensor F and 25, switch valves B and 26, an external circulating cooling water control valve and 27, a pressure sensor D and 28 and a temperature sensor E.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below by way of specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the present invention are all conventional methods, and all experimental equipment, materials, reagents, etc. used can be obtained from commercial sources.
The three-stage main cooling loop system has the functions of heating and cooling, accurate temperature control, steady-state accuracy of +/-1 ℃, dynamic accuracy of +/-2 ℃ and high response speed, and key valve elements, flow meters, conductivity and temperature and pressure sensors are all international brands, so that the accuracy is high and the performance is reliable.
The control principle is as follows:
(1) the resistance of the engine circulation measuring loop mainly comprises an engine circulation measuring cooling plate heat exchanger 6 and an engine circulation measuring cooling liquid flowmeter 10, wherein the resistance of the engine circulation measuring cooling plate heat exchanger 6 is less than or equal to 7Kpa, the resistance of the engine circulation measuring cooling liquid flowmeter 10 is less than or equal to 3Kpa, the resistance of the whole loop is less than or equal to 10Kpa, and the requirement of the engine circulation measuring resistance is less than or equal to 15 Kpa.
(2) The internal circulation loop of the test bench mainly provides an absolute stable temperature state environment for the engine test circulation loop without any influence from the outside, the heater 14 and the external circulating water test circulation cooling plate heat exchanger 20 respectively enter the three-way water mixing valve 15, the function of the three-way water mixing valve 15 is similar to that of an internal thermostat of the engine, the temperature control valve 11 can stably control the inlet temperature of the engine test circulation cooling plate heat exchanger 6 to be +/-1 ℃, the inlet temperature of the engine test circulation loop is regulated by the temperature control valve 11, and thus the temperature sensor B9 is accurately controlled, the temperature of the engine system is ensured to be +/-1 ℃ in a steady state, the actual temperature can be +/-0.5 ℃ in the field, and the temperature of the engine system is ensured to be +/-2 ℃ in a dynamic state; the cooling capacity and the inlet temperature of the electric pile of the engine are guaranteed to follow in time, and the following process is to carry out accurate following control on the heat cold source by the joint adjustment of the three-way water mixing valve 15, the temperature control valve 11 and the external circulating cooling water control valve 26, so that the accurate control process of the inlet temperature of the cooling system of the engine is completely met. The outlet temperature of the engine system is mainly controlled by a water pump in the engine, and the normal inlet and outlet temperature is less than or equal to 10 ℃.
(3) The external cooling circulation loop mainly provides a cold source required by cooling, and is provided with a flowmeter and a regulating valve for regulating the cold quantity, and the external cooling water control valve 2 is used for regulating the external chilled water flow and the cold quantity.
Example 1 connection of circuits and principle of operation
(1) Engine test circulation loop: the tested fuel cell engine system 1 is connected to a stainless steel chuck interface reserved in a test system pipeline through a stainless steel hose or a PU hose, a pneumatic switch valve A2 and a pneumatic switch valve B7 are connected with the stainless steel pipeline of the test system in a chuck or threaded interface mode, a pressure sensor A3 and a pressure sensor B8 are connected to the stainless steel pipeline of the test system in a threaded mode, a temperature sensor A4 and a temperature sensor B9 are connected to the stainless steel pipeline of the test system in a threaded mode, a conductivity sensor 5 is connected to the stainless steel pipeline of the test system in a threaded mode, an engine test circulation cooling plate type heat exchanger 6 is connected to the stainless steel pipeline of the test system in a chuck mode, and an engine test circulation cooling liquid flowmeter 10 is connected to the stainless steel pipeline of the test system in a threaded mode.
Working principle: under the driving of a water pump in the engine system, engine cooling liquid enters from the cooling system outlet of the tested fuel cell engine system 1, sequentially passes through a pneumatic switch valve A2, a pressure sensor A3, a temperature sensor A4, a conductivity sensor 5, an engine test circulation cooling plate heat exchanger 6, an engine test circulation cooling liquid flowmeter 10, a temperature sensor B9, a pressure sensor B8 and a pneumatic switch valve B7, and then returns to the inlet of the tested fuel cell engine system 1. In the circulation loop, a pneumatic switch valve A2 and a pneumatic switch valve B7 are an inlet and outlet pneumatic switch valve blocking system, a pressure sensor A3 and a pressure sensor B8 respectively measure the pressure of inlet and outlet cooling liquid, a temperature sensor A4 and a temperature sensor B9 respectively measure the temperature of inlet and outlet cooling liquid, a conductivity sensor 5 measures the conductivity of the cooling liquid, an engine circulating cooling liquid flow meter 10 measures the flow of the cooling liquid, an engine circulating cooling plate heat exchanger 6 provides a main cold source for an engine cooling system, and the temperature of the inlet cooling liquid of the engine is rapidly cooled or raised by utilizing the circulation loop in a test bench to adjust the cooling quantity in real time according to the working conditions of different power and different current of the engine, so that the temperature of the inlet cooling liquid of the engine is accurately and stably controlled.
(2) Test bench internal circulation loop: the temperature control valve 11 is connected to the stainless steel pipeline of the internal circulation of the test system in a chuck mode, the buffer water tank 12 is connected to the stainless steel pipeline of the internal circulation of the test system in a chuck mode, the water pump 13 is connected to the stainless steel pipeline of the internal circulation of the test system in a screw mode, the heater 14 is connected to the stainless steel pipeline of the internal circulation of the test system in a chuck mode, the three-way water mixing valve 15 is connected to the stainless steel pipeline of the internal circulation of the test system in a chuck mode, the water flowmeter 16 is connected to the stainless steel pipeline of the internal circulation of the test system in a screw mode, the cooler 17 is connected to the stainless steel pipeline of the internal circulation of the test system in a chuck mode, and the temperature sensor C18 and the temperature sensor D19 are connected to the stainless steel pipeline of the internal circulation of the test system in a screw mode.
Working principle: the internal circulation loop of the test bench is mainly driven by a water pump 13 to circulate in a water way, a buffer water tank 12 plays a buffer role for a water way water tank, a heater 14 heats the loop water to heat the loop water, a water flow meter 16 measures the flow of the loop water, a cooler 17 uses an external cooling circulation loop cold source to cool the loop, a temperature sensor C18 and a temperature sensor D19 respectively measure the temperatures of a heater outlet of the heater 14 and a cooler outlet of the cooler 17, a three-way water mixing valve 15 and a temperature control valve 11 control the inlet temperature of an engine test circulation cooling plate heat exchanger 6, and the temperature can be increased or reduced to realize stable control of the inlet temperature, so that a stable control environment is provided for controlling the inlet temperature of the engine test circulation loop into an engine system. The temperature control valve 11 is used for controlling the flow rate and heat exchange quantity of circulating water in the test bench, so that the inlet temperature of the engine test circulation loop into the engine system is directly controlled to meet the requirements. The circulation mainly provides stable, reliable and fast-adjusting environment and functions for an engine circulation loop.
(3) An external cooling circulation circuit: the external circulating water circulation cooling plate type heat exchanger 20 is connected to a stainless steel pipeline of an external cooling circulation loop of the test system in a chuck mode, the switch valve A21 and the switch valve B25 are connected to a stainless steel pipeline of the external cooling circulation loop of the test system in a chuck mode, the external circulating water flow meter 22 is connected to a stainless steel pipeline of the external cooling circulation loop of the test system in a screw mode, the pressure sensor C23 and the pressure sensor D27 are connected to a stainless steel pipeline of the external cooling circulation loop of the test system in a screw mode, the temperature sensor F24 and the temperature sensor E28 are connected to a stainless steel pipeline of the external cooling circulation loop of the test system in a screw mode, and the external circulating cooling water control valve 26 is connected to a stainless steel pipeline of the external cooling circulation loop of the test system in a chuck mode.
Working principle: the external cooling circulating water is generally 7-12 ℃ chilled water, is supplied to a boundary chuck of the test system by an external water pump, and then respectively returns to the chilled water return pipeline through a switch valve A21, an external circulating water flow meter 22, a pressure sensor C23, a temperature sensor F24, an external circulating water circulating cooling plate type heat exchanger 20, a temperature sensor E28, a pressure sensor D27, an external circulating cooling water control valve 26 and a switch valve B25. The pressure sensors C23 and D27 measure inlet and outlet pressures, the temperature sensors F24 and E28 measure inlet and outlet temperatures respectively, the switch valves A21 and B25 are used for blocking inlet and outlet switches, the external circulating water flow meter 22 monitors external circulating water flow, the external circulating water circulating cooling plate type heat exchanger 20 provides corresponding cold source cooling capacity for an internal circulating loop of a test rack, the cooling capacity is controlled by the external circulating cooling water control valve 26, different cooling capacities are correspondingly controlled in real time for the internal circulating loop of the test rack, and the internal circulating loop of the test rack can control the temperature of an aqueous medium to be 20-95 ℃ so as to control the inlet temperature of the engine circulating loop into an engine system in real time.
Example 2
In the test process, the pneumatic switch valve A2 and the pneumatic switch valve B7 are respectively inlet and outlet pneumatic switch valves of a cooling path of the fuel cell engine system, and have the function of controlling inlet and outlet separation. The pressure sensor A3 and the pressure sensor B8 measure the inlet and outlet pressures of the cooling passage of the fuel cell into and out of the engine system, respectively. The temperature sensor A4 and the temperature sensor B9 measure the inlet and outlet temperatures of the cooling passage of the fuel cell into and out of the engine system, respectively. The conductivity sensor 5 measures the conductivity of the coolant of the fuel cell engine system, with a measuring range of 0.05-20us/cm, and typically the fuel cell environment requires a conductivity of the coolant < 5us/cm. The engine circulating cooling fluid flow meter 10 is a low-pipe choked flow meter, and is used for measuring the flow of cooling fluid when the fuel cell engine system is in operation, and the flow can be changed according to different power changes of different currents, so that whether the flow of a water pump configured by the engine system is reasonable or not can be reflected, and the cooling quantity required by cooling of the fuel cell engine system can be met.
The three-stage main cooling loop system has the advantages compared with a two-stage cooling loop test system:
the three-stage loop ensures +/-1 ℃ under the stable and accurate steady state of controlling the temperature of a cooling liquid inlet of an engine system, and can achieve about +/-0.5 ℃ in actual field; especially, the advantages are obvious in a dynamic temperature following state, and the dynamic control precision is +/-2 ℃; and the three-stage loop does not have any interference to influence the performance of parts such as a water pump of an internal loop of the engine, and the performance evaluation of the parts of the internal water loop of the engine is conveniently analyzed through data.
The dynamic temperature following performance of the secondary cooling loop is poor, the dynamic control precision is generally 4-6 ℃, if the control is not good, the electric pile heating is not uniform and even damaged easily, a heater is arranged in the engine test cycle to perform thermal compensation, an external water pump is used for performing pressure supplement, the resistance of the secondary engine loop cannot meet the requirements, the objective performance of the waterway component of the engine system cannot be truly reflected in the aspects, and whether the model selection of each component of the waterway of the engine is good is inconvenient to analyze and consider.
Example 3 practical test application of a Fuel cell Engine System
The test adopts the three-stage water-cooling heat dissipation system for testing the fuel cell engine, and simultaneously, the fuel cell engine test system based on the NI integrated software and hardware environment can realize the following steps: testing and controlling the fuel cell engine and auxiliary systems thereof; measuring fuel cell engine system parameters; providing a fuel cell engine with a plurality of working conditions; evaluation of system control strategy.
And (3) a control system: the software is realized under the LabVIEW virtual instrument development platform, and the functions can be realized as follows: a control function; a data acquisition function; real-time display, storage and inquiry functions; an alarm function; and the data analysis function adopts CAN, RS485 and TCP/IPT communication interfaces, and the communication CAN respond to the requirements of the fuel cell engine.
Test procedure: the fuel cell engine system firstly performs an idle speed test, then carries out a load pulling test to a rated power 60KW test, then carries out 10% load reduction each time, and carries out the idle speed test after carrying out load reduction for 6 times; further pulling and loading to a rated power 60KW test; and finally, carrying out load reduction to idle speed and stopping.
The whole test procedure is as in fig. 2: the fuel cell engine system cooling temperature control curve is shown. The temperature of an engine system slowly rises to 60 ℃ in the idling process, a cooling loop of the engine system is cut into a large loop of a test bench from a small loop in the engine, a cooling water path is controlled by a three-stage water cooling heat dissipation system for testing, and the temperature control deviation of an inlet of the fuel cell engine system is +/-1.5 ℃ in the whole process of carrying to rated 60KW power and carrying from 60KW to 12 KW. And then the load is reduced to idle speed, at the moment, the cooling loop of the engine system is switched from the large circulation controlled by the three-stage water cooling heat dissipation system to the small circulation inside the engine, and at the moment, the temperature deviation of the inlet control temperature of the fuel cell engine system is less than or equal to 2 ℃. And further pulling the load from the idle speed to the rated power of 60KW, wherein the temperature control deviation of the inlet of the fuel cell engine system is +/-1.5 ℃. And then carrying out rated power test, wherein the control deviation of the inlet temperature of the fuel cell engine system in the steady state process is +/-0.5 ℃. And finally, carrying out load reduction until stopping. The steady state dynamic state of temperature control in the whole process accords with the design requirement, and is better than the design requirement in the practical test.
Fig. 3 is a graph of power versus voltage for a fuel cell engine system during the test described above, reflecting power versus voltage changes during the test.
The main components of the waterway of the fuel cell engine system are a water pump, a thermostat, a PTC (positive temperature coefficient) and the like, wherein the flow and the lift of the water pump can be measured through a low-pipe choked flow meter, a pressure sensor B8 and a pressure sensor A3 of the engine circulating cooling fluid flow meter 10. The water channel inlet temperature of the fuel cell engine system is controlled by the whole three-stage water cooling heat dissipation system for testing the fuel cell engine and is measured by a temperature sensor B9. The water outlet temperature of the fuel cell engine system is controlled by a water pump inside the engine system, and the temperature sensor A4 measures the water outlet temperature. The measured values of flow, temperature, pressure and the like can reflect the situation of good or bad matching performance of the water pump. For the thermostat and the PTC, the temperature stability reaction part is matched with the performance condition in the size cycle switching process of the fuel cell engine system.
The above-described embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments of the invention are possible. Any obvious modifications thereof, which would be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, should be considered to be included within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A three-stage water cooling heat dissipation method for fuel cell engine test is characterized in that engine cooling liquid enters from a cooling system outlet of a tested fuel cell engine system (1) under the drive of an internal water pump of the engine system, and sequentially passes through a pneumatic switch valve A (2), a pressure sensor A (3), a temperature sensor A (4), a conductivity sensor (5), an engine side circulating cooling plate heat exchanger (6), an engine side circulating cooling liquid flowmeter (10), a temperature sensor B (9), a pressure sensor B (8) and a pneumatic switch valve B (7) respectively, then returns to an inlet of the tested fuel cell engine system (1), wherein the pneumatic switch valve A (2) and the pneumatic switch valve B (7) in a circulating loop are inlet and outlet pneumatic switch valve partition systems, the pressure sensor A (3) and the pressure sensor B (8) respectively measure the pressure of the cooling liquid at the inlet and the outlet, the temperature sensor A (4) and the temperature sensor B (9) respectively measure the temperature of the cooling liquid at the inlet and the outlet, the conductivity sensor (5) measures the conductivity of the cooling liquid, the engine side circulating cooling liquid flowmeter (10) measures the flow of the cooling liquid, the engine side circulating cooling plate type heat exchanger (6) provides a main cold source for an engine cooling system, and the temperature of the cooling liquid at the inlet of the engine is quickly reduced or raised by utilizing the circulating loop in the test bench to adjust the cooling quantity in real time according to the working conditions of different power and different current of the engine, the temperature is accurately and stably controlled;
the internal circulation loop of the test bench mainly comprises a water pump (13) for driving a water path in the loop to circulate, a buffer water tank (12) for buffering a water path water tank, a heater (14) for heating the loop water to heat the loop, a water flow meter (16) for measuring the flow of the loop water, a cooler (17) for cooling the loop by using an external cooling circulation loop cold source, a temperature sensor C (18) and a temperature sensor D (19) for respectively measuring the temperatures of an outlet of the heater (14) and an outlet of the cooler (17), a three-way water mixing valve (15) and a temperature control valve (11) for controlling the inlet temperature of the engine to measure and circulate the cooling plate heat exchanger (6), and the temperature can be increased or decreased to realize stable control of the inlet temperature, so that a stable control environment is provided for controlling the inlet temperature of the engine side circulation loop into the engine system, the water flow and the heat exchange amount of the internal circulation loop of the test bench are controlled by a temperature control valve (11), and the temperature of the engine side circulation loop entering the inlet of the engine system is directly controlled, so that the temperature of the engine side circulation loop is required to be met;
the external cooling circulating water is supplied to a boundary chuck of a test system by an external water pump, then the external cooling circulating water passes through a switch valve A (21), an external circulating water side flowmeter (22), a pressure sensor C (23), a temperature sensor F (24), an external circulating water side circulating cooling plate type heat exchanger (20), a temperature sensor E (28), a pressure sensor D (27), an external circulating cooling water control valve (26) and a switch valve B (25) respectively, and then returns to a chilled water return pipeline, wherein the pressure sensor C (23) and the pressure sensor D (27) measure inlet and outlet pressures, the temperature sensor F (24) and the temperature sensor E (28) respectively measure inlet and outlet temperatures, the switch valve A (21) and the switch valve B (25) are used for blocking inlet and outlet switches, the external circulating water side flowmeter (22) monitors the external circulating water flow, the external circulating water side circulating cooling plate type heat exchanger (20) provides corresponding cooling source cooling capacity for an internal circulating loop of the test bench, the cooling capacity is controlled by the external circulating cooling water control valve (26) and corresponding different cooling capacities are controlled in real time to the internal circulating loop of the test bench, and the internal circulating loop of the test bench can be controlled by the external circulating water control engine side temperature loop to control the engine side inlet medium of the engine side circulating water circulation system;
the three-stage water cooling heat dissipation system comprises an engine side circulation loop, a test bench internal circulation loop and an external cooling circulation loop;
the engine side circulation loop is formed by connecting a tested fuel cell engine system (1) and an engine side circulation cooling plate type heat exchanger (6) through two stainless steel pipelines, and a pneumatic switch valve A (2), a pressure sensor A (3), a temperature sensor A (4) and a conductivity sensor (5) are sequentially arranged on the stainless steel pipelines leading from the tested fuel cell engine system (1) to the engine side circulation cooling plate type heat exchanger (6); an engine side circulating cooling liquid flowmeter (10), a temperature sensor B (9), a pressure sensor B (8) and a pneumatic switch valve B (7) are sequentially arranged on a stainless steel pipeline leading from the engine side circulating cooling plate type heat exchanger (6) to the tested fuel cell engine system (1);
an engine side circulating cooling plate type heat exchanger (6) and a buffer water tank (12) in an internal circulating loop of a test bench are connected through a stainless steel pipeline, a temperature control valve (11) is arranged on the stainless steel pipeline, the buffer water tank (12) and a water pump (13) are connected through the stainless steel pipeline, the water pump (13) is connected with two branches, one branch is connected with a heater (14) and the engine side circulating cooling plate type heat exchanger (6) in sequence, a temperature sensor C (18), a three-way water mixing valve (15), a water flow meter (16) and a cooler (17) are sequentially arranged on the stainless steel pipeline connected with the heater (14) and the engine side circulating cooling plate type heat exchanger (6), wherein the three-way water mixing valve (15) is connected with an external circulating water side circulating cooling plate type heat exchanger (20) through the stainless steel pipeline, and the stainless steel pipeline is provided with a temperature sensor D (19); the other branch of the water pump is directly communicated with the circulating cooling plate type heat exchanger (20) at the side of the external circulating water;
the external cooling circulation loop is composed of two stainless steel pipe branches, and a temperature sensor E (28), a pressure sensor D (27), an external circulating cooling water control valve (26) and a switch valve B (25) are sequentially arranged on the branch which is arranged outside the external circulating water side circulating cooling plate type heat exchanger (20); the branch line entering the external circulating water side circulating cooling plate type heat exchanger (20) is sequentially provided with a switch valve A (21), an external circulating water side flowmeter (22), a pressure sensor C (23) and a temperature sensor F (24).
2. The three-stage water cooling heat dissipation method for fuel cell engine test according to claim 1, wherein the tested fuel cell engine system (1) is connected to a stainless steel chuck interface reserved by a test system pipeline through a stainless steel hose or a PU hose, the pneumatic switching valve A (2) and the pneumatic switching valve B (7) are connected with the stainless steel pipeline of the test system in a chuck or threaded interface mode, the pressure sensor A (3), the temperature sensor A (4), the conductivity sensor (5), the pressure sensor B (8), the temperature sensor B (9) and the engine side circulating cooling liquid flowmeter (10) are connected to the stainless steel pipeline of the test system in a threaded mode, and the engine side circulating cooling plate type heat exchanger (6) is connected to the stainless steel pipeline of the test system through a chuck mode.
3. The three-stage water cooling heat dissipation method for fuel cell engine test according to claim 1, wherein the temperature control valve (11), the buffer water tank (12), the heater (14), the three-way water mixing valve (15) and the cooler (17) are connected to a stainless steel pipeline circulating in the test system in a chuck manner, and the water pump (13), the water flow meter (16), the temperature sensor C (18) and the temperature sensor D (19) are connected to the stainless steel pipeline circulating in the test system in a screw manner.
4. The three-stage water cooling heat dissipation method for fuel cell engine test according to claim 1, wherein the external circulating water test circulation cooling plate heat exchanger (20), the on-off valve a (21), the on-off valve B (25) and the external circulating cooling water control valve (26) are connected to a stainless steel pipe of an external cooling circulation loop of the test system by means of chucks, and the external circulating water side flowmeter (22), the pressure sensor C (23), the temperature sensor F (24), the pressure sensor D (27) and the temperature sensor E (28) are connected to a stainless steel pipe of the external cooling circulation loop of the test system by means of screws.
5. The three-stage water cooling heat dissipation method for fuel cell engine test according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the external cooling circulating water is 7-12 ℃, and the temperature of the water medium controlled by the internal circulation loop of the test bench is 20-95 ℃.
6. The three-stage water cooling heat dissipation method for fuel cell engine test according to claim 1, wherein the resistance of the engine side circulating cooling plate heat exchanger (6) is not more than 7Kpa, the resistance of the engine side circulating cooling liquid flowmeter (10) is not more than 3Kpa, and the resistance of the whole engine side circulating loop is not more than 10Kpa.
7. The three-stage water cooling heat dissipation method for fuel cell engine test according to claim 1, characterized in that the inlet temperature of the engine side circulation cooling plate heat exchanger (6) is controlled to be + -1 ℃ by a three-way water mixing valve (15) and a temperature control valve (11).
8. The three-stage water cooling heat dissipation method for fuel cell engine test according to claim 1, characterized in that the inlet temperature of the engine side circulation loop controlled by the temperature control valve (11) into the engine system is controlled to be + -1 ℃ and dynamically controlled to be + -2 ℃.
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| JP2002124269A (en) * | 2000-10-13 | 2002-04-26 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Cooling system of fuel cell |
| CN207637906U (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-07-20 | 杭州银轮科技有限公司 | A kind of fuel cell heat management system of the non-mixed circulation waterway containing two-stage |
| CN111640965A (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2020-09-08 | 电子科技大学 | High-low temperature starting test system and test method for fuel cell |
| CN216624352U (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-05-27 | 大连锐格新能源科技有限公司 | Three-stage water-cooling heat dissipation system for fuel cell engine test |
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Patent Citations (4)
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| JP2002124269A (en) * | 2000-10-13 | 2002-04-26 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Cooling system of fuel cell |
| CN207637906U (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-07-20 | 杭州银轮科技有限公司 | A kind of fuel cell heat management system of the non-mixed circulation waterway containing two-stage |
| CN111640965A (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2020-09-08 | 电子科技大学 | High-low temperature starting test system and test method for fuel cell |
| CN216624352U (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-05-27 | 大连锐格新能源科技有限公司 | Three-stage water-cooling heat dissipation system for fuel cell engine test |
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