CN112331889A - Quick test system of fuel cell cold start - Google Patents
Quick test system of fuel cell cold start Download PDFInfo
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
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Abstract
The invention provides a quick test system for cold start of a fuel cell, which has the core of a controllable thermal boundary fuel cell subsystem, and accurately controls the thermal boundary of a single-chip or multi-chip fuel cell by adding a heat regulating component, a thermal physical quantity sensor and a thermal physical quantity following PID controller. The battery is arranged in a temperature control domain of the fuel battery environment temperature control subsystem to control the battery environment temperature; the fuel cell gas supply subsystem is connected with the controllable thermal boundary fuel cell subsystem through a gas pipeline, so that the type, temperature, humidity, flow speed and pressure of gas can be controlled; the fuel cell electrical signal control subsystem is connected to the controllable thermal boundary fuel cell subsystem via voltage and current signal lines to control cell voltage or current. The invention can carry out cold start test based on single or multiple fuel cells by controlling the thermal boundary conditions of the single or multiple fuel cells, thereby greatly reducing the cost, reducing the characterization difficulty and shortening the test time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a cold start rapid test system for a fuel cell.
Background
The conventional energy is gradually exiting the historical stage, and hydrogen energy is regarded as a new energy source and is regarded as the ultimate energy source of the 21 st century. The fuel cell is an important carrier of the hydrogen energy industry, has the advantages of high efficiency, zero emission, no noise, high reliability and the like, and has wide development prospect. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell becomes an important development direction in the field of transportation due to the characteristics of high power density, fast response and the like, and the starting below zero is one of the key bottlenecks of large-scale application of fuel cell automobiles in cold and warm areas.
In view of the problem of starting fuel cells under zero, a lot of research work has been carried out in the academia and the industry, and important progress has been made, such as that in 2008, fuel cell vehicles FCHV-adv of Toyota auto company achieve field-37 ℃ successful self-starting (Kojima K, Morita T.development of fuel cell hybrid vehicle in TOYOTA [ J ]. ECS Transactions,2008,16(2): 185-. However, many problems remain to be researched, and a lot of work needs to be carried out, for example, a fuel cell commercial vehicle adopting the graphite-based bipolar plate does not have a self-starting capability at minus 30 ℃, and the use in a minus environment can be guaranteed only by preheating in advance outside, so that a starting strategy suitable for the graphite-based bipolar plate fuel cell needs to be developed; at present, researches on the zero-time starting aging mechanism of the fuel cell are all failure starting conditions, namely the aging mechanism under the condition that a large amount of water is frozen, and the aging mechanism and the durability of the successful starting condition are still blank. In order to realize quick development of a subzero start strategy and quick exploration of an aging mechanism, an efficient and quick experiment platform and a test system are needed.
At present, an experimental platform for developing a below-zero start research in the academic world and the industrial world mainly comprises an isothermal boundary single fuel cell and a galvanic pile, wherein the isothermal boundary single fuel cell is mainly used for below-zero start failure mechanism research and aging mechanism research of a failed start condition, and the galvanic pile is mainly used for below-zero start strategy research. The prior art (CN108414939A) discloses a research platform for low-temperature cold start test of a fuel cell stack, which includes an oxidant, a reductant, a coolant supply device, and a high-low temperature environmental test chamber for adjusting the environmental temperature of the stack. During the experiment, the fuel cell stack is placed in a high-low temperature environment test box, an oxidant, a reducing agent and a coolant supply device are connected with the oxidant, the reducing agent and the coolant input end of the stack through pipelines, and in addition, temperature and humidity control devices are arranged between the oxidant, the reducing agent supply device and the stack. The technology can be used for cold start evaluation of the fuel cell stack. The fuel cell cold start evaluation system mainly aims at the galvanic pile, and the galvanic pile experiment has high cost, difficult characterization and long time consumption, is only suitable for the verification experiment of the start strategy and the aging, and is not suitable for the rapid development and exploration of the start strategy, the aging mechanism, the durability test and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a fuel cell cold start rapid test system aiming at the problems of high cost, difficult characterization and long time consumption of a fuel cell stack cold start test, which can be used for carrying out a cold start test based on a single fuel cell or a plurality of fuel cells by controlling the thermal boundary conditions of the single fuel cell or the plurality of fuel cells, greatly reducing the cost, reducing the characterization difficulty, shortening the test time and improving the rapid development and exploration efficiency of a cold start strategy, an aging mechanism and a durability test.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention discloses a quick test system for cold start of a fuel cell, which is characterized in that: the system comprises a controllable thermal boundary fuel cell subsystem, a fuel cell ambient temperature control subsystem, a fuel cell gas supply subsystem and a fuel cell electric signal control subsystem; wherein,
the controllable thermal boundary fuel cell subsystem is used for accurately controlling the thermal boundary conditions of the fuel cell and comprises a thermal physical quantity following PID controller, a current collector and a heat regulating component which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside on two sides of a core component of the fuel cell, and an end plate for compressing the core component of the fuel cell, the current collector and the heat regulating component; the heat regulating component adopts a heating plate or consists of the heating plate and a heat insulating plate arranged on the outer side of the heating plate; the thermal physical quantity following PID controller is provided with a thermal physical quantity sensor interface, a voltage sensor interface, a current sensor interface and a calculation unit; the thermal physical quantity following PID controller receives and reads a thermal physical quantity signal in the heating process in real time through a thermal physical quantity sensor extending into an end plate, a fuel cell core component, a current collector or a heating sheet; the thermal physical quantity following PID controller receives and reads voltage and current signals at a current collector in the heating process in real time through a voltage and current sensor; the thermal physical quantity following PID controller calculates real-time heat generation power of the fuel cell according to a thermal physical quantity signal, a voltage signal and a current signal received in real time, predicts the temperature or heat flux density of the fuel cell according to a set heat loss rate and outputs an electric signal, the output electric signal is transmitted to the heating plate, and the heating power of the heating plate is controlled based on the output electric signal so that the thermal physical quantity of the fuel cell follows the predicted thermal physical quantity;
the fuel cell environment temperature control subsystem is used for controlling the environment temperature of the fuel cell and comprises a temperature control domain, a temperature sensor and a temperature control element; the controllable thermal boundary fuel cell subsystem is placed in the temperature control domain, and the temperature sensor tests the temperature of the temperature control domain and is connected with the temperature control element through a signal wire, so that the temperature of the temperature control domain is regulated and controlled;
the fuel cell gas supply subsystem is used for providing gas required by testing for the fuel cell and comprises a gas source, a pressure reducing valve, a flow meter, a humidifying and temperature controlling device and a back pressure valve which are sequentially connected through a gas pipeline, wherein the gas source is connected with a cell gas inlet in the controllable thermal boundary fuel cell subsystem through the gas pipeline, and the back pressure valve is connected with a cell gas outlet in the controllable thermal boundary fuel cell subsystem through the gas pipeline;
the fuel cell electric signal control subsystem is used for controlling the operating voltage or current of the fuel cell, is connected with a current collector in the controllable thermal boundary fuel cell subsystem through a voltage or current signal line, and adopts an electronic load, an electrochemical workstation or a power supply.
The invention discloses another fuel cell cold start rapid test system, which is characterized in that: the system comprises a controllable thermal boundary fuel cell subsystem, a fuel cell ambient temperature control subsystem, a fuel cell gas supply subsystem and a fuel cell electric signal control subsystem; wherein,
the controllable thermal boundary fuel cell subsystem is used for accurately controlling the thermal boundary conditions of the fuel cell and comprises a thermal physical quantity following PID controller, a current collector and a heat regulating component which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside on two sides of a core component of the fuel cell, and an end plate for compressing the core component of the fuel cell, the current collector and the heat regulating component; the heat regulating component consists of a heat regulating plate, a heating sheet and a heat insulating plate which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside; the thermal physical quantity following PID controller is provided with a thermal physical quantity sensor interface, a voltage sensor interface, a current sensor interface and a calculation unit; the thermal physical quantity following PID controller receives and reads temperature signals of the inner side and the outer side of the heat regulating plate in the heating process in real time through a temperature sensor extending into the heat regulating plate, or the thermal physical quantity following PID controller receives and reads heat flow density signals between the heat regulating plate and a current collector in the heating process in real time through a heat flow density sensor positioned on the inner side of the heat regulating plate; the thermal physical quantity following PID controller receives and reads voltage and current signals at a current collector in the heating process in real time through a voltage and current sensor; the thermal physical quantity following PID controller calculates real-time heat generation power of the fuel cell according to a thermal physical quantity signal, a voltage signal and a current signal received in real time, predicts the temperature or heat flux density of the fuel cell according to a set heat loss rate and outputs an electric signal, the output electric signal is transmitted to the heating plate, and the heating power of the heating plate is controlled based on the output electric signal so that the thermal physical quantity of the fuel cell follows the predicted thermal physical quantity;
the fuel cell environment temperature control subsystem is used for controlling the environment temperature of the fuel cell and comprises a temperature control domain, a temperature sensor and a temperature control element; the controllable thermal boundary fuel cell subsystem is placed in the temperature control domain, and the temperature sensor tests the temperature of the temperature control domain and is connected with the temperature control element through a signal wire, so that the temperature of the temperature control domain is regulated and controlled;
the fuel cell gas supply subsystem is used for providing gas required by testing for the fuel cell and comprises a gas source, a pressure reducing valve, a flow meter, a humidifying and temperature controlling device and a back pressure valve which are sequentially connected through a gas pipeline, wherein the gas source is connected with a cell gas inlet in the controllable thermal boundary fuel cell subsystem through the gas pipeline, and the back pressure valve is connected with a cell gas outlet in the controllable thermal boundary fuel cell subsystem through the gas pipeline;
the fuel cell electric signal control subsystem is used for controlling the operating voltage or current of the fuel cell, is connected with a current collector in the controllable thermal boundary fuel cell subsystem through a voltage or current signal line, and adopts an electronic load, an electrochemical workstation or a power supply.
Further, when the thermal physical quantity signal received by the thermal physical quantity following PID controller is a temperature signal, the power of the heating plate is controlled by outputting an electric signal, so that the difference between the temperature of the inner side and the temperature of the outer side of the heat regulating plate is a set value, and the set value range is 0-20 ℃; for the condition that the thermal physical quantity signal received by the thermal physical quantity following PID controller is a heat flow density signal, the power of the heating plate is controlled by outputting an electric signal, so that the heat flow density is a set value, and the set value range is 0-10W/cm2。
Further, the fuel cell core component comprises a single-chip or multi-chip fuel cell, and the active area of the single-chip fuel cell is 0.1cm2～500cm2The number of the tablets is between 1 and 20.
Furthermore, the heating power of the heating sheet is between 0.1W and 10 kW; the voltage range measured by a voltage sensor in the voltage and current sensors is 0-50V, and the current range measured by the current sensors is 0-1000A.
Further, the thermal physical quantity sensor is a temperature sensor or a heat flux density sensor; the temperature range measured by the temperature sensor is-50-100 ℃, and the heat flow density range measured by the heat flow density sensor is 0-50W/cm2。
Furthermore, the thickness of the heat regulating plate and the thickness of the heat insulation plate are both between 0.1mm and 10mm, and the thermal conductivity is both between 0.2W/(m.K) and 2W/(m.K).
Further, the environment temperature controlled by the fuel cell environment temperature control subsystem ranges from minus 50 ℃ to 80 ℃; the current range controlled by the fuel cell electric signal control subsystem is as follows: 0-1000A, and the controlled voltage range is as follows: 0 to 50V.
The invention has the characteristics and beneficial effects that:
1) the control effect of the thermal boundary condition of the battery is good, and the proportion of the heat generated by the battery for heating core components (membrane electrode and polar plate) can be controlled to be 10-100%.
2) The single battery or a small number of multiple batteries with controllable thermal boundaries are used as a cold start rapid test platform, so that the cost can be greatly reduced, the representation difficulty is reduced, the test time is shortened, and the experimental efficiency of cold start strategy exploration, aging mechanism exploration and the like is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a frame of a cold-start rapid testing system for a fuel cell according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a controllable thermal boundary fuel cell subsystem in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a controllable thermal boundary fuel cell subsystem in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a controllable thermal boundary fuel cell subsystem in example 3 of this invention.
Fig. 5 (a) and (b) are graphs showing the results of the thermal boundary control effect experiment of example 3, specifically, temperature change curves of the inner side and the outer side of the heat-adjusting plate.
Fig. 6 (a), (b), and (c) are graphs showing experimental results of cold start effect of the fuel cell of example 3, specifically, curves of change of current, voltage, high-frequency impedance, and temperature with time during the start of the fuel cell.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
Example 1
According to the cold start rapid test system for the fuel cell in the embodiment 1, the cold start performance of the fuel cell is represented by testing the cold start performance of core components (including a membrane electrode and a polar plate) of the fuel cell. The overall test system structure of the present embodiment is shown in fig. 1, and includes a controllable thermal boundary fuel cell subsystem 1, a fuel cell ambient temperature control subsystem 2, a fuel cell gas supply subsystem 3 and a fuel cell electrical signal control subsystem 4. When the testing system works, the fuel cell environment temperature control subsystem 2 controls the environment temperature of the fuel cell, the fuel cell gas supply subsystem 3 is connected with the controllable thermal boundary fuel cell subsystem 1 through a gas pipeline, and the fuel cell electric signal control subsystem 4 is connected with the controllable thermal boundary fuel cell subsystem 1 through voltage and current signal lines. Wherein:
referring to fig. 2, a controllable thermal boundary fuel cell subsystem 1, which can accurately control the thermal boundary conditions of the fuel cell; the device comprises a thermal physical quantity following PID controller 12, a current collector 6 and a heat regulating component which are sequentially arranged on two sides of a fuel cell core component 5 from inside to outside, and an end plate 10 which compresses the fuel cell core component 5, the current collector 6 and the heat regulating component; in this embodiment, the heat regulating member is a pressure-resistant heater chip 8 (a common heater chip may be used, and in this case, the heater chip is attached to the outer side of the end plate 10). The thermal physical quantity following PID controller 12 is provided with a thermal physical quantity sensor interface, a voltage sensor interface, a current sensor interface and a calculation unit; the thermal physical quantity following PID controller 12 receives and reads a thermal physical quantity signal in the heating process in real time through a thermal physical quantity sensor 11 extending into the end plate 10, the fuel cell core component 5, the current collector 6 or the heating sheet 8, wherein the thermal physical quantity sensor 11 extends into the end plate 11 in the embodiment; the thermophysical quantity following PID controller 12 receives and reads voltage and current signals at the current collector 6 in the heating process in real time through the voltage and current sensor 14; the thermal physical quantity following PID controller 12 calculates the real-time heat generation power of the fuel cell according to the real-time received thermal physical quantity signal, voltage and current signal, and predicts the heat loss rate of the fuel cell according to the set heat loss rateThe temperature or the heat flux density is used as an output electric signal which is transmitted to the heating plate 8 through the connecting line 13, and the power of the heating plate 8 is controlled based on the output electric signal, so that the actual temperature of the fuel cell follows the predicted temperature or the heat flux density of the fuel cell follows the predicted heat flux density. Specifically, in this example, the active area of the core member of the monolithic battery was 100cm2(ii) a The material of the polar plate is expanded graphite, the thickness is 4mm, the active area ratio is 0.4, a hole with the diameter of 1mm and the length of 50mm is arranged at the center of the side wall of the polar plate, a thermal physical quantity sensor 11 (a T-shaped or K-shaped thermocouple in the position) can be inserted into the hole to monitor the temperature of the polar plate, and the measurable temperature range is-50 ℃ to 100 ℃; the current collector 6 is made of gold-plated brass and has the thickness of 2 mm; the heating plate 8 is attached to the outer side of the current collector 6, and the maximum power is 200W; the end plates 10 are made of stainless steel and have a thickness of 4cm, and the end plates 10 are connected by bolts to fasten and press the fuel cell core 5, the current collector 6, and the heater chip 8 inside the end plates. The thermal physical quantity following PID controller 12 is built based on National Instruments (NI, American National Instruments) LabVIEW and is used in cooperation with NI-PXI hardware equipment. The measurement range of the voltage sensor is 0-10V, and the measurement range of the current sensor is 0-100A. The voltage and current sensor 14 and the thermophysical quantity sensor 11 transmit signals through the NI-PXI hardware device to the thermophysical quantity following PID controller 12, which has a calculation unit that calculates the real-time heat generation power of the fuel cell and assumes the thermal boundary of the fuel cell as an adiabatic boundary, i.e., the heat generation of the fuel cell is all used for the temperature rise of the fuel cell core 5, predicts the temperature of the fuel cell, and outputs an electrical signal to control the power of the heating plate so that the actual temperature of the fuel cell follows its predicted temperature. Considering that there is heat loss in the actual process, the thermal physical quantity follows the PID controller 12 to set the heat loss rate between 0% and 90% during calculation, i.e. 100% to 10% of the heat generated by the battery can be used for heating the fuel cell core 5.
The fuel cell environment temperature control subsystem 2 can control the environment temperature range of the fuel cell (namely a single-chip or multi-chip fuel cell core component 5) to be-50-80 ℃, and comprises a temperature control domain, a temperature sensor and a temperature control element, wherein the controllable thermal boundary fuel cell subsystem 1 is arranged in the temperature control domain; the temperature sensor is used for testing the temperature of the temperature control area and is connected with the temperature control element through a signal wire, so that the temperature of the temperature control area is regulated and controlled; the temperature control area can use a high-low temperature box and can also use a semiconductor refrigerating sheet to control the environmental temperature of the fuel cell.
The fuel cell gas supply subsystem 3 is connected with the cell gas inlet and outlet in the controllable thermal boundary fuel cell subsystem 1 through a gas pipeline, and can provide gas required by testing, including dry hydrogen and air, for the fuel cell (namely, the single-chip or multi-chip fuel cell core component 5). The fuel cell gas supply subsystem 3 includes a gas source, gas conduits, flow meters, valves, humidification and temperature control devices. Wherein, the air supply can be gas cylinder or compressor, and the air supply passes through the gas pipeline and is connected with the relief pressure valve, and the relief pressure valve passes through the gas pipeline and is connected with the flow valve, and the flow valve passes through the gas pipeline and is connected with the flowmeter, and the flowmeter passes through the gas pipeline and is connected with humidification and temperature control device, and humidification and temperature control device pass through the gas pipeline and are connected with the back pressure valve.
The fuel cell electrical signal control subsystem 4 is connected with a current collector 6 in the controllable thermal boundary fuel cell subsystem 1 through a voltage or current signal line, and can control the operating voltage or current of the fuel cell (i.e. the single-chip or multi-chip fuel cell core component 5), and the controllable current range is as follows: 0-1000A, and the controllable voltage range is as follows: 0 to 50V. The fuel cell electrical signal control subsystem 4 employs an electronic load, an electrochemical workstation, or a power source.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 3, the present embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in the controllable thermal boundary fuel cell subsystem 1. The heat regulating component consists of a heating sheet 8 attached to the outer side of the current collector 6 and a heat insulation plate 9 attached to the outer side of the heating sheet 8, the end plate 10 is located on the outer side of the heat insulation plate 9, and the heat insulation plate 9 can reduce heat loss of the heating sheet 8 to the end plate 10. The active area of the core part of the monolithic cell was 4cm2(ii) a The plate is made of expanded graphite with thickness of 1mm and active area ratio of 0.5, and has a thermophysical sensor 11 (heat flux density sensor, measurable heat) attached to the outside of the plate or the current collectorThe flow density is 0-50W/cm2) The heat flux density between the plate and the current collector 6 or between the current collector 6 and the terminal plate can be monitored. The current collector 6 is made of gold-plated brass and has the thickness of 0.5 mm; the heating plate 8 is attached to the outer side of the current collector 6, and the maximum power is 8W; the heat insulation plate 9 is made of bakelite, and the heat conductivity coefficient is 0.2W/(m.K); the thickness is 4 mm; the end plate 10 is made of stainless steel and has a thickness of 2 cm; the end plates 10 are connected by bolts to tightly press the fuel cell core 5, the current collector 6, the heater chip 8, and the insulating plate 9 inside the end plates. The thermal physical quantity following PID controller 12 is built based on National Instruments (NI) LabVIEW and is used with NI-PXI hardware equipment. The measuring range of the voltage sensor is 0-20V, and the measuring range of the current sensor is 0-20A. The voltage and current sensor 14 and the thermophysical quantity sensor 11 transmit signals to the thermophysical quantity following PID controller 12 through NI-PXI hardware devices, and the controller has a calculation unit and controls the power of the heating sheet by outputting electric signals, so that the heat flux density between the polar plate and the current collector 6 or between the current collector 6 and the polar plate is zero.
The specific implementation manner of the rest of the components in this embodiment is the same as that in embodiment 1, and details are not described here.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 4, the present embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in the controllable thermal boundary fuel cell subsystem 1. Wherein, the heat regulation part comprises heat regulation board 7, heating plate 8 and heat insulation board 9, the heat regulation board 7 is pasted and is located the mass flow body 6 outside, pastes and locates the heating plate 7 outside and paste and locate the heating plate 8 outside, and end plate 10 is located the heat insulation board 9 outside, and heat regulation board 7 cooperates with thermal physical quantity following PID controller 12, can regulate and control fuel cell's hot boundary condition, and the heat loss of heat that heat insulation board 9 reducible heating plate 8 surveyed to end plate 10. The active area of the core part of the monolithic cell was 25cm2(ii) a The electrode plate material is expanded graphite, the thickness is 2mm, and the active area ratio is 0.4; the current collector 6 is made of gold-plated brass and has the thickness of 1 mm; the heat regulating plate 7 is made of epoxy resin, the heat conductivity coefficient is 0.6W/(m.K), the thickness is 10cm, grooves with the depth of 0.5mm and the width of 1mm are processed on the two sides of the heat regulating plate 7, a thermophysical quantity sensor 11 (a T-type or K-type thermocouple here) can be placed, and the temperature on the two sides of the heat regulating plate is monitored; the heating plate 8 is attached to the outer side of the heat regulating plate 7,the power is constant at 8W; the heat insulation plate 9 is made of bakelite, and the heat conductivity coefficient is 0.2W/(m.K); the thickness is 10 mm; the end plate 10 is made of stainless steel and has a thickness of 2 cm; the end plates 10 are connected by bolts to fasten and press the fuel cell core 5, the current collector 6, the heat regulating plate 7, the heating sheet 8, and the heat insulating plate 9 inside the end plates. The thermal physical quantity following PID controller 12 is provided with a thermal physical quantity sensor interface and a calculation unit; the thermal physical quantity following PID controller 12 receives and reads temperature signals of the inner side and the outer side of the heat regulating plate 7 in the heating process in real time through temperature sensors extending into grooves in the inner side and the outer side of the heat regulating plate 7, or the thermal physical quantity following PID controller 12 receives and reads heat flow density signals between the heat regulating plate 7 and the current collector 6 in the heating process in real time through a heat flow density sensor attached to the inner side of the heat regulating plate; the thermophysical quantity following PID controller 12 receives and reads voltage and current signals at the current collector 6 in the heating process in real time through the voltage and current sensor 14; the thermal physical quantity following PID controller 12 calculates real-time heat generation power of the fuel cell according to the thermal physical quantity signal, the voltage signal and the current signal received in real time, predicts the temperature or the heat flux density of the fuel cell as an output electric signal according to a set heat loss rate, transmits the output electric signal to the heating plate 8 through a connecting wire 13, and controls the power of the heating plate 8 based on the output electric signal so that the actual temperature of the fuel cell follows the predicted temperature or the heat flux density of the fuel cell follows the predicted heat flux density. When the thermal physical quantity signal received by the PID controller 12 is a temperature signal, the power of the heating sheet 8 is controlled by the output electric signal, so that the difference between the inner and outer temperatures of the heat regulating plate 7 is a set value, and the set value range is 0-20 ℃. For the condition that the thermal physical quantity signal received by the thermal physical quantity following PID controller 12 is a heat flow density signal, the power of the heating sheet 8 is controlled by the output electric signal, so that the heat flow density is a set value, and the set value range is 0-10W/cm2. In this embodiment, the thermal physical quantity following PID controller 12 is built based on National Instruments (NI) LabVIEW, and is used in cooperation with NI-PXI hardware devices. The thermal physical quantity sensor 11 transmits the signal to the thermal physical quantity following PID controller 12 through NI-PXI hardware equipment, and the controller controls the power of the heating plate 8 by regulating and controlling the output electric signal, so as to control the heating plate 8 to be heatedSo that the outside temperature of the heat-regulating plate 7 follows the inside temperature, i.e. the difference between the temperatures on both sides is zero.
The thermal boundary control calibration results of this embodiment are as follows: the membrane electrode in the controllable thermal boundary fuel cell subsystem 1 of the present embodiment is replaced by a heating plate 8 with power fixed at 8W. The fuel cell environment temperature control subsystem 2 (here, a high-low temperature box) controls the cell environment temperature to be 25 ℃, the fuel cell gas supply subsystem 3 does not work temporarily, and the fuel cell electric signal control subsystem 4 (here, an eastern ocean fuel cell test bench) controls the voltage of the heating plate 8 to be 12V of rated voltage. When the test system starts to work, the temperature change curve of the inner side and the outer side of the heat regulating plate 7 is shown in fig. 5, so that the temperature of the outer side of the heat regulating plate can accurately follow the temperature measured in the heat regulating plate, and the control effect is good.
The results of the cold start experiment based on example 3 are as follows: the platinum loading capacity of the membrane electrode in the controllable thermal boundary fuel cell subsystem 1 is 0.1/0.1mg/cm2The GDL model is SGL 29 BC; the fuel cell ambient temperature control subsystem 2 (here, a high-low temperature box) controls the ambient temperature of the cell to be-12 ℃; the fuel cell gas supply subsystem 3 (here the eastern fuel cell test stand) supplies dry hydrogen gas at-12 ℃ to the cell at a flow rate of 52mL/min to the cell anode and air at 83mL/min to the cell cathode; the fuel cell electrical signal control subsystem 4 (here the eastern ocean fuel cell test stand) controls the fuel cell potential to be constant at 0.1V. The current, voltage, high-frequency impedance, and temperature during the start-up of the fuel cell vary with time as shown in (a) to (c) of fig. 6. It can be seen that this embodiment can be successfully applied to fuel cell cold start experiments.
Example 4
Example 4 is constructed substantially the same as example 1 except that the controlled thermal boundary fuel cell subsystem of example 4 has a 400cm cell active area2. This example divides the fuel cell into 16 regions, each having an active area of 25cm2A controllable thermal boundary fuel cell subsystem 1 is respectively arranged in each area, so that the thermal boundary condition of the fuel cell is accurately controlled; sharing fuel cell environment for each zoneA temperature control subsystem 2, a fuel cell gas supply subsystem 3 and a fuel cell electrical signal control subsystem 4. The parts not described in this embodiment are the same as those in embodiment 1, and are not described again here.
Example 5
Example 5 is constructed substantially identically to example 2 except that the controlled thermal boundary fuel cell subsystem of example 5 has a cell active area of 200cm2. This example divides the cell into 10 regions, each having an active area of 20cm2A controllable thermal boundary fuel cell subsystem 1 is respectively arranged in each area, so that the thermal boundary condition of the fuel cell is accurately controlled; the fuel cell ambient temperature control subsystem 2, the fuel cell gas supply subsystem 3, and the fuel cell electrical signal control subsystem 4 are shared by the respective regions. The parts not described in this embodiment are the same as those in embodiment 2, and are not described again here.
Example 6
Example 6 is constructed substantially the same as example 3 except that the controlled thermal boundary fuel cell subsystem of example 6 has a 500cm active area of the cell2. This example divides the cell into 10 regions, each having an active area of 50cm2A controllable thermal boundary fuel cell subsystem 1 is respectively arranged in each area, so that the thermal boundary condition of the fuel cell is accurately controlled; the fuel cell ambient temperature control subsystem 2, the fuel cell gas supply subsystem 3, and the fuel cell electrical signal control subsystem 4 are shared by the respective regions. The parts not described in this embodiment are the same as those in embodiment 3, and are not described again here.
Example 7
Example 7 is constructed substantially the same as example 2 except that the controlled thermal boundary fuel cell subsystem of example 7 has 20 cells and a 500cm active area2The maximum power of the heating plate is 5kW, the measurement range of the voltage sensor is 0-50V, the measurement range of the current sensor is 0-1000A, and the thickness of the heat insulation plate is 100 mm. The parts not described in this embodiment are the same as those in embodiment 2, and are not described again here.
The present invention and its embodiments have been described above schematically, without limitation, and what is shown in the drawings is only one of the embodiments of the present invention and is not actually limited thereto. Therefore, if the person skilled in the art receives the teaching, it is within the scope of the present invention to design the similar manner and embodiments without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A quick test system of fuel cell cold start which characterized in that: the system comprises a controllable thermal boundary fuel cell subsystem (1), a fuel cell ambient temperature control subsystem (2), a fuel cell gas supply subsystem (3) and a fuel cell electric signal control subsystem (4); wherein,
the controllable thermal boundary fuel cell subsystem (1) is used for accurately controlling the thermal boundary conditions of the fuel cell and comprises a thermal physical quantity following PID controller (12), a current collector (6) and a heat regulating component which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside on two sides of a fuel cell core component (5), and an end plate (10) for compressing the fuel cell core component (5), the current collector (6) and the heat regulating component; the heat regulating component is composed of a heating plate (8) or a heating plate (8) and a heat insulation plate (9) arranged on the outer side of the heating plate; the thermal physical quantity following PID controller (12) is provided with a thermal physical quantity sensor interface, a voltage sensor interface, a current sensor interface and a calculation unit; the thermal physical quantity following PID controller (12) receives and reads a thermal physical quantity signal in the heating process in real time through a thermal physical quantity sensor (11) extending into an end plate (10), a fuel cell core component (5), a current collector (6) or a heating sheet (8); the thermal physical quantity following PID controller (12) receives and reads voltage and current signals at the current collector (6) in the heating process in real time through a voltage and current sensor (14); the thermophysical quantity following PID controller (12) calculates the real-time heat generation power of the fuel cell according to the thermophysical quantity signal, the voltage signal and the current signal received in real time, predicts the temperature or the heat flux density of the fuel cell according to the set heat loss rate and outputs an electric signal, the output electric signal is transmitted to the heating plate, and the heating power of the heating plate is controlled based on the output electric signal so that the thermophysical quantity of the fuel cell follows the predicted thermophysical quantity;
the fuel cell environment temperature control subsystem (2) is used for controlling the environment temperature of the fuel cell and comprises a temperature control domain, a temperature sensor and a temperature control element; the controllable thermal boundary fuel cell subsystem (1) is placed in the temperature control domain, the temperature sensor tests the temperature of the temperature control domain, and is connected with the temperature control element through a signal wire, so that the temperature of the temperature control domain is regulated and controlled;
the fuel cell gas supply subsystem (3) is used for providing gas required by testing for a fuel cell, and comprises a gas source, a pressure reducing valve, a flow meter, a humidification device, a temperature control device and a back pressure valve which are sequentially connected through a gas pipeline, wherein the gas source is connected with a cell gas inlet in the controllable thermal boundary fuel cell subsystem (1) through the gas pipeline, and the back pressure valve is connected with a cell gas outlet in the controllable thermal boundary fuel cell subsystem (1) through the gas pipeline;
the fuel cell electrical signal control subsystem (4) is used for controlling the operating voltage or current of the fuel cell, is connected with a current collector (6) in the controllable thermal boundary fuel cell subsystem (1) through a voltage or current signal line, and adopts an electronic load, an electrochemical workstation or a power supply.
2. A quick test system of fuel cell cold start which characterized in that: the system comprises a controllable thermal boundary fuel cell subsystem (1), a fuel cell ambient temperature control subsystem (2), a fuel cell gas supply subsystem (3) and a fuel cell electric signal control subsystem (4); wherein,
the controllable thermal boundary fuel cell subsystem (1) is used for accurately controlling the thermal boundary conditions of the fuel cell and comprises a thermal physical quantity following PID controller (12), a current collector (6) and a heat regulating component which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside on two sides of a fuel cell core component (5), and an end plate (10) for compressing the fuel cell core component (5), the current collector (6) and the heat regulating component; the heat regulating component consists of a heat regulating plate (7), a heating sheet (8) and a heat insulating plate (9) which are arranged from inside to outside in sequence; the thermal physical quantity following PID controller (12) is provided with a thermal physical quantity sensor interface, a voltage sensor interface, a current sensor interface and a calculation unit; the thermal physical quantity following PID controller (12) receives and reads temperature signals of the inner side and the outer side of the heat regulating plate (7) in the heating process in real time through a temperature sensor extending into the heat regulating plate (7), or the thermal physical quantity following PID controller (12) receives and reads heat flow density signals between the heat regulating plate (7) and a current collector (6) in the heating process in real time through a heat flow density sensor positioned on the inner side of the heat regulating plate (7); the thermal physical quantity following PID controller (12) receives and reads voltage and current signals at the current collector (6) in the heating process in real time through a voltage and current sensor (14); the thermal physical quantity following PID controller (12) calculates the real-time heat generation power of the fuel cell according to the thermal physical quantity signal, the voltage signal and the current signal received in real time, predicts the temperature or the heat flux density of the fuel cell according to the set heat loss rate and outputs an electric signal, the output electric signal is transmitted to the heating plate (8), and the heating power of the heating plate is controlled based on the output electric signal, so that the thermal physical quantity of the fuel cell follows the predicted thermal physical quantity;
the fuel cell environment temperature control subsystem (2) is used for controlling the environment temperature of the fuel cell and comprises a temperature control domain, a temperature sensor and a temperature control element; the controllable thermal boundary fuel cell subsystem (1) is placed in the temperature control domain, the temperature sensor tests the temperature of the temperature control domain, and is connected with the temperature control element through a signal wire, so that the temperature of the temperature control domain is regulated and controlled;
the fuel cell gas supply subsystem (3) is used for providing gas required by testing for a fuel cell, and comprises a gas source, a pressure reducing valve, a flow meter, a humidification device, a temperature control device and a back pressure valve which are sequentially connected through a gas pipeline, wherein the gas source is connected with a cell gas inlet in the controllable thermal boundary fuel cell subsystem (1) through the gas pipeline, and the back pressure valve is connected with a cell gas outlet in the controllable thermal boundary fuel cell subsystem (1) through the gas pipeline;
the fuel cell electrical signal control subsystem (4) is used for controlling the operating voltage or current of the fuel cell, is connected with a current collector (6) in the controllable thermal boundary fuel cell subsystem (1) through a voltage or current signal line, and adopts an electronic load, an electrochemical workstation or a power supply.
3. The fuel cell cold start rapid test system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the fuel cell core component (5) comprises a single-piece or multi-piece fuel cell, and the active area of the single-piece fuel cell is 0.1cm2～500cm2The number of the tablets is between 1 and 20.
4. The fuel cell cold start rapid test system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the heating power of the heating sheet (8) is between 0.1W and 10 kW; the voltage range measured by a voltage sensor in the voltage and current sensor (14) is 0-50V, and the current range measured by a current sensor is 0-1000A.
5. The fuel cell cold start rapid test system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the thermal physical quantity sensor (11) is a temperature sensor or a heat flow density sensor; the temperature range measured by the temperature sensor is-50-100 ℃, and the heat flow density range measured by the heat flow density sensor is 0-50W/cm2。
6. The fuel cell cold start rapid test system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the set heat loss rate is between 0% and 90%.
7. The fuel cell cold start rapid test system of claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the heat insulation plate (9) is between 0.1mm and 100mm, and the thermal conductivity is between 0.1W/(m.K) and 1W/(m.K).
8. The fuel cell cold start rapid test system of claim 2, wherein: the thickness of the heat regulating plate (7) and the thickness of the heat insulating plate (9) are both 0.1 mm-10 mm, and the thermal conductivity is both 0.2W/(m.K) -2W/(m.K).
9. The fuel cell cold start rapid test system of claim 2, wherein: for the condition that the thermal physical quantity signal received by the thermal physical quantity following PID controller (12) is a temperature signal, controlling the power of the heating plate (8) by outputting an electric signal to enable the difference between the inner side temperature and the outer side temperature of the heat regulating plate (7) to be a set value, wherein the set value range is 0-20 ℃; for the condition that the thermal physical quantity signal received by the thermal physical quantity following PID controller (12) is a heat flow density signal, the power of the heating sheet (8) is controlled by outputting an electric signal, so that the heat flow density is a set value, and the set value range is 0-10W/cm2。
10. The fuel cell cold start rapid test system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the environment temperature controlled by the fuel cell environment temperature control subsystem (2) ranges from minus 50 ℃ to 80 ℃; the current range controlled by the fuel cell electric signal control subsystem (4) is as follows: 0-1000A, and the controlled voltage range is as follows: 0 to 50V.
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| CN116799258A (en) * | 2023-08-29 | 2023-09-22 | 上海重塑能源科技有限公司 | Static and dynamic detection method for icing position of fuel cell stack |
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