CN112968195A - Matrix type electric pile auxiliary heating device for fuel cell cold starting process - Google Patents
Matrix type electric pile auxiliary heating device for fuel cell cold starting process Download PDFInfo
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04268—Heating of fuel cells during the start-up of the fuel cells
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
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- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
- H01M8/04074—Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04253—Means for solving freezing problems
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
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- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention provides a matrix type galvanic pile auxiliary heating device for a cold start process of a fuel cell, which comprises a double-sided partition heating plate, a CPU, an analog-to-digital conversion module, a controller and an upper computer, wherein the CPU is arranged on the upper computer; the double-sided partition heating plate is arranged between any two adjacent fuel cell units, consists of a plurality of heating units, detects partition current density and temperature distribution in the fuel cell on line, and heats the temperature of a partition which does not reach 0 ℃ to 0 ℃ according to the temperature distribution condition so as to meet the cold start condition of the fuel cell; the row heating resistors are arranged in the double-sided partition heating plate, the row heating resistors are arranged in the middle area, easy to freeze, of the bipolar plate cooling liquid flow channel, double heating is carried out on the middle area, easy to freeze, the temperature rising speed is increased rapidly, the consistency of the temperature of the bipolar plate is improved, and the starting temperature is reached stably and efficiently.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to a matrix type electric pile auxiliary heating device used in a cold start process of a fuel cell.
Background
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) have the advantages of high efficiency, fast response speed, zero emission, and the like, and have become a new energy power generation device favored in the transportation field, the unmanned aerial vehicle field, and the backup power field. However, the cold start problem is one of the major obstacles that restrict further commercialization of pem fuel cells in cold countries and regions. The cold start refers to the successful and rapid start of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell in the subzero environment, and has important significance for the portable application commercialization and the automobile application of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
In order to ensure that a proton exchange Membrane (MEA) is sufficiently hydrated in the operation of a fuel cell, the water content in the MEA must be maintained at a certain level, and the chemical reaction product of the fuel cell is also water, so when the ambient temperature for operating the fuel cell drops below zero, the Catalyst Layer (CL), the Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL), the water in the pores of the MEA, and the water in the coolant flow channels of the bipolar plate in the stack of the fuel cell may freeze, so that the structure of the membrane electrode assembly is damaged, and the electrochemical reaction is stopped due to local freezing, resulting in performance degradation of the fuel cell, or even failure to start the fuel cell.
At present, the heating modes of the cold start of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell are mainly divided into three types.
The first type is a shutdown purge, such as an air compressor blow purge. The shutdown purging is an effective way for realizing the cold start of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell system, air is used for purging the galvanic pile to take out residual moisture after the power generation system of the fuel cell is shut down, but because the diffusion layer of the membrane electrode assembly is of a porous capillary structure, the air compressor purging is difficult to take away water in the membrane electrode from an air flow field in a short time, the residual moisture in the middle part of a cooling liquid flow channel cannot be purged in time, and the purging uniformity cannot be ensured.
The second type is a self-heating mode, that is, the output characteristic of the electric pile is controlled to realize self-heating, such as self-heating through starvation of reactants. The Japan Toyota group applies the technology of controlling the output characteristic of the galvanic pile to the Mirai product, and the method for realizing the self-heating is mainly a constant current method and a constant voltage method, but when the method is adopted, if the calculation of the supply quantity of the hydrogen is wrong, the burning of the galvanic pile can be caused, and even more serious accidents can be caused. The reactant starvation self-heating method means that high overpotential is generated on an electrode when the reactant is starved, so that internal heating caused by internal resistance is increased, but the reactant using amount of the method is not easy to control, and accidents are easily caused.
The third type is an auxiliary heating method, i.e., an external heating method, such as PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) type electric heater heating and stack reverse heating. The PTC type electric heater requires an additional external component for heating, thereby increasing the structural and circuit complexity of the fuel cell power generation system; the reverse heating of the electric pile needs to add directional voltage to the electric pile, and the implementation is troublesome.
With respect to cold start in vehicle applications, many countries and agencies place specific demands on pem fuel cells. For example, the united states department of energy (DOE) aims at a fast start from-20 ℃ in less than 30s, while specifying that the energy consumption for heating is lower than 5MJ in 2020; the european union attempts to achieve an effective cold start at-25 ℃ while maintaining satisfactory proton conductivity (over 10mS/cm at-20 ℃).
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a matrix type electric pile auxiliary heating device for a fuel cell cold starting process, which aims to solve the problems of uneven heating, easy accident and difficult implementation of the existing cold starting heating mode and realize the quick and successful starting of a fuel cell system in a subzero temperature environment.
The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a matrix type electric pile auxiliary heating device used in the cold starting process of a fuel cell is characterized by comprising a double-sided partition heating plate, a microprocessor (CPU), an analog-to-digital conversion module, a controller and an upper computer, wherein the middle of the double-sided partition heating plate and the area corresponding to the active area of the fuel cell electric pile are double-sided partition heating areas, one end of the double-sided partition heating plate, which extends out of the area of the fuel cell electric pile, is provided with a temperature signal acquisition port and a current signal acquisition port, and the other end of the double-sided partition heating plate is provided with a PMOS control signal port and M + P PMOS tube switching circuits; the double-sided partition heating plate is a multilayer printed circuit board, is arranged between any two adjacent fuel cell units, and is used for detecting partition current density and temperature distribution in the fuel cell on line and heating partition temperature to 0 ℃;
the double-sided subarea heating zone consists of M (columns) multiplied by N (rows) heating units which are arranged in an array manner, and each heating unit comprises a top layer copper-clad and gold-plated subarea, a top layer temperature signal acquisition layer, a top layer row heating circuit layer, a top layer column heating circuit layer, a top layer current signal acquisition layer, a copper-clad subarea inner layer, a bottom layer current signal acquisition layer, a bottom layer column heating circuit layer, a bottom top layer row heating circuit layer, a bottom layer temperature signal acquisition layer and a bottom layer copper-clad and gold-plated subarea which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the top copper-clad and gold-plated subareas of the adjacent heating units are mutually and electrically isolated, and the bottom copper-clad and gold-plated subareas of the adjacent heating units are mutually and electrically isolated;
the top copper-clad plating gold-plating subarea and the bottom copper-clad plating gold-plating subarea are both provided with temperature collecting points and metalized through holes;
wire resistors and wires for detecting the partition temperature inside the fuel cell are embedded in the top temperature signal acquisition layer and the bottom temperature signal acquisition layer; the wire resistor in the top temperature signal acquisition layer is positioned below the temperature acquisition point in the copper-coated gold-plated partition of the top layer, and temperature voltage signals at two ends of the wire resistor are transmitted to the analog-to-digital conversion module through the wiring in the top temperature signal acquisition layer and the temperature signal acquisition port; the wire resistor in the bottom temperature signal acquisition layer is positioned above the temperature acquisition point in the bottom copper-coated gold-plated subarea, and temperature voltage signals at two ends of the wire resistor are transmitted to the analog-to-digital conversion module through the wiring in the bottom temperature signal acquisition layer and the temperature signal acquisition port;
the top layer current signal acquisition layer and the bottom layer current signal acquisition layer are internally embedded with sampling resistors and wiring for detecting the partitioned current density in the fuel cell; the sampling resistor in the top layer current signal acquisition layer is respectively connected with the metalized through hole of the copper-coated gold-plated subarea on the top layer and the inner layer of the copper-coated subarea through a lead, and current voltage signals at two ends of the sampling resistor are transmitted to the analog-to-digital conversion module through the wiring in the top layer current signal acquisition layer and the current signal acquisition port; the sampling resistor in the bottom layer current signal acquisition layer is respectively connected with the metalized through hole of the bottom layer copper-coated gold-plated subarea and the inner layer of the copper-coated subarea through wires, and current voltage signals at two ends of the sampling resistor are transmitted to the analog-to-digital conversion module through the wiring in the bottom layer current signal acquisition layer and the current signal acquisition port;
column heating resistors are embedded in the top layer column heating circuit layer and the bottom top layer column heating circuit layer; the column heating resistors of each column of heating units in the double-sided zone heating area are connected in series to form a column heating circuit, and M column heating circuits are connected in series with M PMOS tube switching circuits respectively;
because the middle area of the bipolar plate cooling liquid flow channel in the fuel cell stack is easy to freeze during cold start, the middle area of the bipolar plate cooling liquid flow channel corresponds to the P multiplied by Q heating units of the middle area of the double-sided partition heating area, and the top-layer line heating circuit layer and the bottom-top-layer line heating circuit layer of the P multiplied by Q heating units are internally embedded with line heating resistors; the row heating resistors of each row of heating units in the P multiplied by Q heating units are connected in series to form a row heating circuit, and the P row heating circuits are connected in series with the P PMOS tube switching circuits respectively;
the PMOS tube switch circuit consists of a PMOS tube and a pull-up resistor, and a grid (G) and a source (S) of the PMOS tube are connected through the pull-up resistor;
the temperature voltage signal and the current voltage signal are processed into a temperature signal and a current signal by the analog-to-digital conversion module and then transmitted to the CPU, and the temperature signal and the current signal are uploaded to an upper computer by the CPU for displaying and analyzing, so that the zoning current density and temperature distribution in the fuel cell are detected on line; the CPU also judges whether the temperature signals reach 0 ℃, if the temperature signals of all the heating units reach 0 ℃, the CPU displays that the cold starting condition is reached through the upper computer; if a heating unit with a temperature signal not reaching 0 ℃ exists, a CPU provides an on-off control signal and a voltage signal to a grid (G) and a source (S) of a PMOS tube through a PMOS control signal port through a controller, the source (S) and a drain (D) of the PMOS tube are conducted at the moment, the voltage signal is transmitted to a column heating resistor or a column heating resistor and a row heating resistor of a corresponding heating unit through the PMOS tube, the heating of the corresponding heating unit is realized, the heating time is adjusted by controlling the on-off control signal until the temperature signal acquired in real time reaches 0 ℃, the CPU displays that the cold start condition is reached through an upper computer, and the controller stops providing the on-off control signal and the voltage signal;
wherein M, N, P and Q are integers more than 2, M is more than or equal to P, and N is more than or equal to Q.
Further, the resistance values of the column heating resistors in each heating unit are equal, and the resistance values of the row heating resistors in the P × Q heating units are equal.
Furthermore, the resistance values of the sampling resistors in the heating units are equal, and are all milliohm resistors with the precision of 0.5%.
Furthermore, the resistance of the lead used for connecting the sampling resistor with the copper-clad gold-plating subarea on the top layer and the inner layer of the copper-clad subarea in each heating unit and the resistance of the lead used for connecting the sampling resistor with the copper-clad gold-plating subarea on the bottom layer and the inner layer of the copper-clad subarea are the same.
Further, the areas of the top copper-clad gold-plated subareas and the bottom copper-clad gold-plated subareas of different heating units are the same.
Furthermore, the thickness of the top copper-clad plating gold-plating partition and the thickness of the bottom copper-clad plating gold-plating partition are both 140-175 mu m.
Further, the resistance values of the wire resistors in the heating units are equal.
The electric pile applying the matrix type electric pile auxiliary heating device is characterized by comprising a fuel cell electric pile, a water isolation plate, a plurality of double-sided partition heating plates, a CPU, an analog-to-digital conversion module, a controller and an upper computer; the fuel cell stack comprises a plurality of fuel cell units connected in series; the double-sided partition heating plate is a multilayer printed circuit board, is arranged between any two adjacent fuel cell units, and is used for detecting partition current density and temperature distribution in the fuel cell on line and heating partition temperature to 0 ℃; a water isolation plate is arranged between the double-sided partition heating plate and the bipolar plate, one side of which faces the double-sided partition heating plate is provided with the cooling water flow channel, so that the problem of circuit short circuit caused by the contact of a copper-coated gold-plated partition (electrical element) in the double-sided partition heating plate and the cooling water flow channel is avoided.
Furthermore, the water isolation plate is a graphite plate, and the thickness of the water isolation plate is 1-2 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the double-sided partition heating plate provided by the invention can be arranged between any two adjacent fuel cell units, detects partition current density and temperature distribution in the fuel cell on line, and heats the temperature of a partition which does not reach 0 ℃ to 0 ℃ according to the temperature distribution condition so as to meet the cold start condition of the fuel cell;
2. according to the invention, the row heating resistors are arranged in the double-sided partition heating area, the row heating resistors are arranged in the middle area of the bipolar plate cooling liquid flow channel easy to freeze, and the double heating of the row heating resistors and the row heating resistors is carried out on the middle area of the bipolar plate cooling liquid flow channel easy to freeze, so that the temperature rise speed of the middle area easy to freeze is rapidly increased, the consistency of the temperature of the bipolar plate is improved, and the starting temperature is stably and efficiently reached;
3. the double-sided partition heating plate provided by the invention has the advantages of simple installation, convenience in operation, low energy consumption, high heating speed and the like, and can be highly integrated in a fuel cell stack.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a top view of a double-sided partition heating plate in a matrix-type electric pile auxiliary heating device for a cold start process of a fuel cell according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a perspective view of a double-sided partition heating plate in a matrix-type electric pile auxiliary heating device for a cold start process of a fuel cell according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a heating unit in a matrix-type thermopile auxiliary heating apparatus for a cold start process of a fuel cell according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a wiring diagram of the top column heating circuit layer in the matrix-type thermopile auxiliary heating device for the cold start process of the fuel cell according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a wiring diagram of a top row heating circuit layer in the matrix-type thermopile auxiliary heating device for the cold start process of the fuel cell according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a control schematic diagram of a matrix-type thermopile auxiliary heating device for a fuel cell cold start process according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic view illustrating a stack structure using a matrix-type stack auxiliary heating device according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic view of a cooling horizontal runner of an anode bipolar plate in a pile using a matrix pile auxiliary heating device according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic view of serpentine flow channels of reactant gases in an anode bipolar plate in a stack using a matrix-type stack auxiliary heating device according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
The reference numbers are as follows:
1: wire resistor
2: sampling resistor
3: pull-up resistor
4: PMOS tube
5: heating resistor
5-1: line heating resistor
5-2: column heating resistor
6: electric pile oxidant inlet
7: cooling liquid inlet of electric pile
8: hydrogen outlet of electric pile
9: outlet of electric pile oxidant
10: cooling liquid outlet of electric pile
11: hydrogen inlet of electric pile
12: temperature signal acquisition port
13: current signal acquisition port
14: PMOS control signal port
15: metallized via
16: temperature collection point
17: top copper-clad and gold-plated subarea
18: top layer temperature signal acquisition layer
19: top layer line heating circuit layer
20: top tier column heating circuit:
21: top layer current signal acquisition layer
22: copper-clad partitioned inner layer
23: bottom layer current signal acquisition layer
24: bottom column heating circuit layer
25: bottom and top layer line heating circuit layer
26: bottom layer temperature signal acquisition layer
27: partition coated with copper and gold on bottom layer
28: pile bolt mounting hole
29: on-off control signal routing via hole
30: voltage signal routing via hole
D: double-sided partition heating plate
R: middle zone of double-sided zoned heating zone
G: water-isolated graphite plate
B1: anode bipolar plate
M: membrane electrode
B2: cathode bipolar plate
B3: parallel flow passage for cooling liquid
B4: snake-shaped flow passage for reaction gas
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
The following non-limiting examples are presented to enable those of ordinary skill in the art to more fully understand the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a matrix type electric pile auxiliary heating device for a cold start process of a fuel cell, which comprises a double-sided partition heating plate D, CPU, an analog-digital conversion module, a controller and an upper computer, wherein as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the middle of the double-sided partition heating plate D and the area corresponding to the active area of the fuel cell electric pile are double-sided partition heating areas, one end of the double-sided partition heating plate extending out of the fuel cell electric pile area is provided with a temperature signal acquisition port 12 and a current signal acquisition port 13, and the other end of the double-sided partition heating plate is provided with a PMOS control signal port 14 and 12 PMOS tube switching circuits; the double-sided partition heating plate D is a multilayer printed circuit board, is arranged between any two adjacent fuel cell units, and is used for detecting partition current density and temperature distribution in the fuel cell on line and heating partition temperature to 0 ℃; in order to be conveniently installed inside a fuel cell stack, the double-sided partition heating plate D is further provided with a stack oxidant inlet 6, a stack cooling liquid inlet 7, a stack hydrogen outlet 8, a stack oxidant outlet 9, a stack cooling liquid outlet 10, a stack hydrogen inlet 11 and a stack bolt installation hole 28 for installation and fixation;
the double-sided partition heating zone consists of 8 × 7 heating units arranged in an array, as shown in fig. 3, each heating unit comprises a top-layer copper-coated gold-plated partition 17, a top-layer temperature signal acquisition layer 18, a top-layer row heating circuit layer 19, a top-layer column heating circuit layer 20, a top-layer current signal acquisition layer 21, a copper-coated partition inner layer 22, a bottom-layer current signal acquisition layer 23, a bottom-layer column heating circuit layer 24, a bottom-top-layer row heating circuit layer 25, a bottom-layer temperature signal acquisition layer 26 and a bottom-layer copper-coated gold-plated partition 27 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the top copper-clad and gold-plated subareas 17 of the adjacent heating units are electrically isolated from each other, and the bottom copper-clad and gold-plated subareas 27 of the adjacent heating units are electrically isolated from each other; the areas of the top copper-clad and gold-plated subareas 17 and the bottom copper-clad and gold-plated subareas 27 of different heating units are the same, and the thicknesses of the subareas are 140 micrometers;
the top copper-clad and gold-plated subarea 17 and the bottom copper-clad and gold-plated subarea 27 are both provided with temperature collecting points 16 and metalized through holes 15;
the top layer temperature signal acquisition layer 18 and the bottom layer temperature signal acquisition layer 26 are respectively embedded with a wire resistor 1 and a wire for detecting the partition temperature inside the fuel cell; the lead resistor 1 in the top temperature signal acquisition layer 18 is positioned below the temperature acquisition point 16 in the top copper-clad gold-plated subarea 17, and temperature voltage signals at two ends of the lead resistor 1 are transmitted to the analog-to-digital conversion module through the wiring in the top temperature signal acquisition layer 18 and the temperature signal acquisition port 12; the wire resistor 1 in the bottom temperature signal acquisition layer 26 is positioned above the temperature acquisition point 16 in the bottom copper-clad gold-plated subarea 27, and temperature voltage signals at two ends of the wire resistor 1 are transmitted to the analog-to-digital conversion module through the wiring in the bottom temperature signal acquisition layer 26 and the temperature signal acquisition port 12;
the top layer current signal acquisition layer 21 and the bottom layer current signal acquisition layer 23 are respectively embedded with a sampling resistor 2 and a wire for detecting the partitioned current density in the fuel cell; the sampling resistor 2 in the top layer current signal acquisition layer 21 is respectively connected with the metallized through hole 15 of the top layer copper-coated gold-plated subarea 17 and the copper-coated subarea inner layer 22 through wires, and current voltage signals at two ends of the sampling resistor 2 are transmitted to the analog-to-digital conversion module through wiring in the top layer current signal acquisition layer 21 and the current signal acquisition port 13; the sampling resistor 2 in the bottom layer current signal acquisition layer 23 is respectively connected with the metallized through hole 15 of the bottom layer copper-coated gold-plated subarea 27 and the copper-coated subarea inner layer 22 through wires, and current voltage signals at two ends of the sampling resistor 2 are transmitted to the analog-to-digital conversion module through wiring in the bottom layer current signal acquisition layer 23 and the current signal acquisition port 13;
column heating resistors 5-2 are embedded in the top-layer column heating circuit layer 20 and the bottom-top-layer column heating circuit layer 24; as shown in fig. 4, the column heating resistors 5-2 of each column of heating units in the double-sided zone heating area are connected in series to form a column heating circuit, and 8 column heating circuits are connected in series with 8 PMOS transistor switching circuits respectively;
because the middle area of the bipolar plate cooling liquid flow channel in the fuel cell stack is easy to freeze during cold start, the middle area of the bipolar plate cooling liquid flow channel corresponds to 4 multiplied by 7 heating units of the middle area R of the double-sided zone heating area, and the top row heating circuit layer 19 and the bottom top row heating circuit layer 25 of the 4 multiplied by 7 heating units are respectively embedded with a row heating resistor 5-1; as shown in fig. 5, the row heating resistors 5-1 of each column of heating units in 4 × 7 heating units are connected in series to form a row heating circuit, and a total of 4 row heating circuits are respectively connected in series with 4 PMOS transistor switching circuits;
the PMOS tube switch circuit consists of a PMOS tube 4 and a pull-up resistor 5, and a grid (G) and a source (S) of the PMOS tube 4 are connected through the pull-up resistor 5;
as shown in fig. 6, the temperature voltage signal and the current voltage signal are processed into a temperature signal and a current signal by the analog-to-digital conversion module and then transmitted to the CPU, and the temperature signal and the current signal are uploaded to the upper computer by the CPU for display and analysis, so that the zonal current density and the temperature distribution inside the fuel cell are detected on line; the CPU also judges whether the temperature signals reach 0 ℃, if the temperature signals of all the heating units reach 0 ℃, the CPU displays that the cold starting condition is reached through the upper computer; if a heating unit with the temperature signal not reaching 0 ℃ exists, the CPU provides an on-off control signal to the grid (G) of the PMOS tube 4 through the PMOS control signal port 14 and the on-off control signal routing through hole 29 by the controller, provides a voltage signal to the source (S) of the PMOS tube 4 through the PMOS control signal port 14, the source (S) and the drain (D) of the PMOS tube 4 are conducted at the moment, the voltage signal is transmitted to the column heating resistor 5-2 corresponding to the heating unit through the source (S), the drain (D) and the voltage signal routing through hole 30 of the PMOS tube 4, or the column heating resistor 5-2 and the row heating resistor 5-1, to realize the heating of the corresponding heating unit, and the heating time is adjusted by controlling the on-off control signal until the temperature signal acquired in real time reaches 0 ℃, the CPU displays that the cold start condition is reached through the upper computer, and the controller stops providing the on-off control signal and the voltage signal.
Wherein, the resistance values of the column heating resistors 5-2 in each heating unit are equal, and the resistance values of the row heating resistors 5-1 in 4 x 7 heating units are equal; the resistance values of the sampling resistors 2 in the heating units are equal and are all milliohm-level resistors with the precision of 0.5%; the impedance of the wires for connecting the sampling resistor 2 with the top copper-clad gold-plated subarea 17 and the copper-clad subarea inner layer 22 in each heating unit and the impedance of the wires for connecting the sampling resistor 2 with the bottom copper-clad gold-plated subarea 27 and the copper-clad subarea inner layer 22 in each heating unit are the same, and the resistance values of the wire resistors 1 in each heating unit are the same.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a galvanic pile applying a matrix type galvanic pile auxiliary heating device, which comprises a fuel cell galvanic pile, a water isolation plate, a plurality of double-sided partition heating plates D, CPU, an analog-to-digital conversion module, a controller and an upper computer; the fuel cell stack comprises a plurality of fuel cell units connected in series; the fuel cell unit consists of an anode bipolar plate B1, a membrane electrode M and a cathode bipolar plate B2 which are sequentially superposed; the double-sided partition heating plate D is a multilayer printed circuit board, is arranged between a cathode bipolar plate B2 of an upper fuel cell unit and an anode bipolar plate B1 of a lower fuel cell unit, is used for detecting partition current density and temperature distribution in the fuel cell on line and heating partition temperature to 0 ℃ as shown in figure 7;
one surface of the anode bipolar plate B1 is provided with a cooling horizontal runner B3 (shown in figure 8), and the other surface is provided with a reactant gas serpentine runner B4 (shown in figure 9), after the power generation system of the fuel cell is shut down, residual liquid is in the middle area R of the cooling horizontal runner B3 and the reactant gas serpentine runner B4, and the residual liquid is easy to freeze in an environment below 0 ℃; in addition, a water isolation graphite plate G with the thickness of 2mm is arranged between the double-sided partition heating plate D and one surface of the cooling horizontal runner B3 of the anode bipolar plate B1, as shown in figure 7, the contact between a copper-coated gold-plated partition (electrical element) in the double-sided partition heating plate and the cooling water runner is avoided, and the problem of circuit short circuit is solved;
the middle of the double-sided partition heating plate D and the area corresponding to the active area of the fuel cell stack are double-sided partition heating areas, one end of the double-sided partition heating plate extending out of the fuel cell stack area is provided with a temperature signal acquisition port 12 and a current signal acquisition port 13, and the other end is provided with a PMOS control signal port 14 and 12 PMOS tube switching circuits; in order to be conveniently installed inside a fuel cell stack, the double-sided partition heating plate D is further provided with a stack oxidant inlet 6, a stack cooling liquid inlet 7, a stack hydrogen outlet 8, a stack oxidant outlet 9, a stack cooling liquid outlet 10, a stack hydrogen inlet 11 and a stack bolt installation hole 28 for installation and fixation;
the double-sided partition heating zone consists of 8 multiplied by 7 heating units which are arranged in an array, and each heating unit comprises a top layer copper-coated gold-plated partition 17, a top layer temperature signal acquisition layer 18, a top layer row heating circuit layer 19, a top layer column heating circuit layer 20, a top layer current signal acquisition layer 21, a copper-coated partition inner layer 22, a bottom layer current signal acquisition layer 23, a bottom layer column heating circuit layer 24, a bottom top layer row heating circuit layer 25, a bottom layer temperature signal acquisition layer 26 and a bottom layer copper-coated gold-plated partition 27 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the top copper-clad and gold-plated subareas 17 of the adjacent heating units are electrically isolated from each other, and the bottom copper-clad and gold-plated subareas 27 of the adjacent heating units are electrically isolated from each other; the areas of the top copper-clad and gold-plated subareas 17 and the bottom copper-clad and gold-plated subareas 27 of different heating units are the same, and the thicknesses of the subareas are 140 micrometers;
the top copper-clad and gold-plated subarea 17 and the bottom copper-clad and gold-plated subarea 27 are both provided with temperature collecting points 16 and metalized through holes 15;
the top layer temperature signal acquisition layer 18 and the bottom layer temperature signal acquisition layer 26 are respectively embedded with a wire resistor 1 and a wire for detecting the partition temperature inside the fuel cell; the lead resistor 1 in the top temperature signal acquisition layer 18 is positioned below the temperature acquisition point 16 in the top copper-clad gold-plated subarea 17, and temperature voltage signals at two ends of the lead resistor 1 are transmitted to the analog-to-digital conversion module through the wiring in the top temperature signal acquisition layer 18 and the temperature signal acquisition port 12; the wire resistor 1 in the bottom temperature signal acquisition layer 26 is positioned above the temperature acquisition point 16 in the bottom copper-clad gold-plated subarea 27, and temperature voltage signals at two ends of the wire resistor 1 are transmitted to the analog-to-digital conversion module through the wiring in the bottom temperature signal acquisition layer 26 and the temperature signal acquisition port 12;
the top layer current signal acquisition layer 21 and the bottom layer current signal acquisition layer 23 are respectively embedded with a sampling resistor 2 and a wire for detecting the partitioned current density in the fuel cell; the sampling resistor 2 in the top layer current signal acquisition layer 21 is respectively connected with the metallized through hole 15 of the top layer copper-coated gold-plated subarea 17 and the copper-coated subarea inner layer 22 through wires, and current voltage signals at two ends of the sampling resistor 2 are transmitted to the analog-to-digital conversion module through wiring in the top layer current signal acquisition layer 21 and the current signal acquisition port 13; the sampling resistor 2 in the bottom layer current signal acquisition layer 23 is respectively connected with the metallized through hole 15 of the bottom layer copper-coated gold-plated subarea 27 and the copper-coated subarea inner layer 22 through wires, and current voltage signals at two ends of the sampling resistor 2 are transmitted to the analog-to-digital conversion module through wiring in the bottom layer current signal acquisition layer 23 and the current signal acquisition port 13;
column heating resistors 5-2 are embedded in the top-layer column heating circuit layer 20 and the bottom-top-layer column heating circuit layer 24; the column heating resistors 5-2 of each column of heating units in the double-sided zone heating area are connected in series to form a column heating circuit, and 8 column heating circuits are connected in series with 8 PMOS tube switching circuits respectively;
because the middle area of the bipolar plate cooling liquid flow channel in the fuel cell stack is easy to freeze during cold start, the middle area of the bipolar plate cooling liquid flow channel corresponds to 4 multiplied by 7 heating units of the middle area R of the double-sided zone heating area, and the top row heating circuit layer 19 and the bottom top row heating circuit layer 25 of the 4 multiplied by 7 heating units are respectively embedded with a row heating resistor 5-1; the row heating resistors 5-1 of each row of heating units in the 4 multiplied by 7 heating units are connected in series to form a row heating circuit, and the total number of the 4 row heating circuits is respectively connected in series with the 4 PMOS tube switching circuits;
the PMOS tube switch circuit consists of a PMOS tube 4 and a pull-up resistor 5, and a grid (G) and a source (S) of the PMOS tube 4 are connected through the pull-up resistor 5;
the temperature voltage signal and the current voltage signal are processed into a temperature signal and a current signal by the analog-to-digital conversion module and then transmitted to the CPU, and the temperature signal and the current signal are uploaded to an upper computer by the CPU for displaying and analyzing, so that the zoning current density and temperature distribution in the fuel cell are detected on line; the CPU also judges whether the temperature signals reach 0 ℃, if the temperature signals of all the heating units reach 0 ℃, the CPU displays that the cold starting condition is reached through the upper computer; if a heating unit with the temperature signal not reaching 0 ℃ exists, the CPU provides an on-off control signal to the grid (G) of the PMOS tube 4 through the PMOS control signal port 14 and the on-off control signal routing through hole 29 by the controller, provides a voltage signal to the source (S) of the PMOS tube 4 through the PMOS control signal port 14, the source (S) and the drain (D) of the PMOS tube 4 are conducted at the moment, the voltage signal is transmitted to the column heating resistor 5-2 corresponding to the heating unit through the source (S), the drain (D) and the voltage signal routing through hole 30 of the PMOS tube 4, or the column heating resistor 5-2 and the row heating resistor 5-1, to realize the heating of the corresponding heating unit, and the heating time is adjusted by controlling the on-off control signal until the temperature signal acquired in real time reaches 0 ℃, the CPU displays that the cold start condition is reached through the upper computer, and the controller stops providing the on-off control signal and the voltage signal.
Wherein, the resistance values of the column heating resistors 5-2 in each heating unit are equal, and the resistance values of the row heating resistors 5-1 in 4 x 7 heating units are equal; the resistance values of the sampling resistors 2 in the heating units are equal and are all milliohm-level resistors with the precision of 0.5%; the impedance of the wires for connecting the sampling resistor 2 with the top copper-clad gold-plated subarea 17 and the copper-clad subarea inner layer 22 in each heating unit and the impedance of the wires for connecting the sampling resistor 2 with the bottom copper-clad gold-plated subarea 27 and the copper-clad subarea inner layer 22 in each heating unit are the same, and the resistance values of the wire resistors 1 in each heating unit are the same.
Claims (10)
1. A matrix type electric pile auxiliary heating device used in the cold starting process of a fuel cell is characterized by comprising a double-sided partition heating plate, a CPU, an analog-digital conversion module, a controller and an upper computer, wherein the middle of the double-sided partition heating plate and the area corresponding to the active area of the fuel cell electric pile are double-sided partition heating areas, one end of the double-sided partition heating plate, which extends out of the fuel cell electric pile area, is provided with a temperature signal acquisition port and a current signal acquisition port, and the other end of the double-sided partition heating plate is provided with a PMOS control signal port and M + P PMOS tube switching circuits; the double-sided partition heating plate is a multilayer printed circuit board and is arranged between any two adjacent fuel cell units;
the double-sided partition heating zone consists of M multiplied by N heating units which are arranged in an array, and each heating unit comprises a top layer copper-coated gold-plated partition, a top layer temperature signal acquisition layer, a top layer row heating circuit layer, a top layer column heating circuit layer, a top layer current signal acquisition layer, a copper-coated partition inner layer, a bottom layer current signal acquisition layer, a bottom layer column heating circuit layer, a bottom top layer row heating circuit layer, a bottom layer temperature signal acquisition layer and a bottom layer copper-coated gold-plated partition which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the top copper-clad and gold-plated subareas of the adjacent heating units are mutually and electrically isolated, and the bottom copper-clad and gold-plated subareas of the adjacent heating units are mutually and electrically isolated;
the top copper-clad plating gold-plating subarea and the bottom copper-clad plating gold-plating subarea are both provided with temperature collecting points and metalized through holes;
wire resistors and wires are buried in the top temperature signal acquisition layer and the bottom temperature signal acquisition layer; the wire resistor in the top temperature signal acquisition layer is positioned below the temperature acquisition point in the copper-coated gold-plated partition on the top layer, and temperature voltage signals at two ends of the wire resistor are transmitted to the analog-to-digital conversion module through the wiring and the temperature signal acquisition port; the wire resistor in the bottom temperature signal acquisition layer is positioned above the temperature acquisition point in the bottom copper-coated gold-plated subarea, and temperature voltage signals at two ends of the wire resistor are transmitted to the analog-to-digital conversion module through the wiring and the temperature signal acquisition port;
sampling resistors and wiring are embedded in the top layer current signal acquisition layer and the bottom layer current signal acquisition layer; the sampling resistor in the current signal acquisition layer of the top layer is respectively connected with the metalized through hole of the copper-coated gold-plated subarea of the top layer and the inner layer of the copper-coated subarea through wires, and current and voltage signals at two ends of the sampling resistor are transmitted to the analog-to-digital conversion module through the wiring and the current signal acquisition port; the sampling resistor in the current signal acquisition layer at the bottom layer is respectively connected with the metalized through hole of the copper-coated and gold-plated subarea at the bottom layer and the inner layer of the copper-coated subarea through wires, and current and voltage signals at two ends of the sampling resistor are transmitted to the analog-to-digital conversion module through the wiring and the current signal acquisition port;
column heating resistors are embedded in the top layer column heating circuit layer and the bottom top layer column heating circuit layer; the column heating resistors of each column of heating units in the double-sided zone heating area are connected in series to form a column heating circuit, and M column heating circuits are connected in series with M PMOS tube switching circuits respectively;
the middle area of a bipolar plate cooling liquid flow passage in the fuel cell stack corresponds to P multiplied by Q heating units in the middle area of a double-sided partition heating area, and line heating resistors are embedded in a top layer line heating circuit layer and a bottom top layer line heating circuit layer of the P multiplied by Q heating units; the row heating resistors of each row of heating units in the P multiplied by Q heating units are connected in series to form a row heating circuit, and the P row heating circuits are connected in series with the P PMOS tube switching circuits respectively;
the PMOS tube switch circuit consists of a PMOS tube and a pull-up resistor, and a grid electrode and a source electrode of the PMOS tube are connected through the pull-up resistor;
the temperature voltage signal and the current voltage signal are processed into a temperature signal and a current signal by the analog-to-digital conversion module and then transmitted to the CPU, and the temperature signal and the current signal are uploaded to an upper computer by the CPU for display and analysis; the CPU also judges whether the temperature signals reach 0 ℃, if the temperature signals of all the heating units reach 0 ℃, the CPU displays that the cold starting condition is reached through the upper computer; if a heating unit with a temperature signal not reaching 0 ℃ exists, a CPU provides an on-off control signal and a voltage signal to a grid electrode and a source electrode of a PMOS tube through a PMOS control signal port through a controller, the source electrode and the drain electrode of the PMOS tube are conducted at the moment, the voltage signal is transmitted to a column heating resistor or a column heating resistor and a row heating resistor of a corresponding heating unit through the PMOS tube, heating of the corresponding heating unit is achieved, heating duration is adjusted by controlling the on-off control signal until the temperature signal acquired in real time reaches 0 ℃, the CPU displays that a cold start condition is reached through an upper computer, and the controller stops providing the on-off control signal and the voltage signal;
wherein M, N, P and Q are integers more than 2, M is more than or equal to P, and N is more than or equal to Q.
2. The matrix-type electric stack auxiliary heating device for the cold start process of the fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein the resistance values of the column heating resistors in each heating unit are equal, and the resistance values of the row heating resistors in the P × Q heating units are equal.
3. The matrix-type electric pile auxiliary heating device for the cold starting process of the fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sampling resistors in each heating unit are equal in resistance, and are all milliohm resistors with the accuracy of 0.5%.
4. The matrix-type stack auxiliary heating device for the cold start-up process of a fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein the resistances of the wire resistors in the respective heating units are equal.
5. The matrix-type electric pile auxiliary heating device for the cold starting process of the fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein the resistances of the wires for connecting the sampling resistor with the copper-clad subarea on the top layer and the inner layer of the copper-clad subarea in each heating unit and the wires for connecting the sampling resistor with the copper-clad subarea on the bottom layer and the inner layer of the copper-clad subarea are the same.
6. The matrix-type stack auxiliary heating device for the cold start-up process of a fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein the areas of the top copper-clad partitions and the bottom copper-clad partitions of different heating units are the same.
7. The matrix-type electric pile auxiliary heating device for the cold starting process of the fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the top copper-clad gold-plated subarea and the bottom copper-clad gold-plated subarea is 140-175 μm.
8. A galvanic pile applying a matrix type galvanic pile auxiliary heating device is characterized by comprising a fuel cell galvanic pile, a water isolation plate, a plurality of double-sided partition heating plates according to claim 1, a CPU, an analog-digital conversion module, a controller and an upper computer; the fuel cell stack comprises a plurality of fuel cell units connected in series; the double-sided partition heating plate is a multilayer printed circuit board and is arranged between any two adjacent fuel cell units; a water isolation plate is arranged between the double-sided partition heating plate and the bipolar plate with a cooling water flow channel arranged on one side facing the double-sided partition heating plate.
9. The pile of the matrix pile auxiliary heating device according to claim 8, wherein the water isolation plate is a graphite plate with a thickness of 1-2 mm.
10. The stack using the device for detecting the internal current distribution of a fuel cell according to claim 8, wherein the resistance values of the column heating resistors in each heating unit are equal, and the resistance values of the row heating resistors in the P × Q heating units are equal; the resistance values of the sampling resistors in the heating units are equal and are all milliohm resistors with the precision of 0.5%; the heating units are respectively connected with the sampling resistor, the copper-clad area at the top layer and the inner layer of the copper-clad area, and the sampling resistor, the copper-clad area at the bottom layer and the inner layer of the copper-clad area are connected with the same impedance; the areas of the top copper-clad and gold-plated subareas and the bottom copper-clad and gold-plated subareas of different heating units are the same; the thicknesses of the top copper-clad and gold-plated subareas and the bottom copper-clad and gold-plated subareas are both 140-175 microns; the resistance values of the wire resistors in the heating units are equal.
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