CN109904487B - Graphite bipolar plate fuel cell and vehicle thereof - Google Patents
Graphite bipolar plate fuel cell and vehicle thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109904487B CN109904487B CN201711294934.0A CN201711294934A CN109904487B CN 109904487 B CN109904487 B CN 109904487B CN 201711294934 A CN201711294934 A CN 201711294934A CN 109904487 B CN109904487 B CN 109904487B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of fuel cells, in particular to a graphite bipolar plate fuel cell and a vehicle thereof. According to the invention, through the structural design of the graphite bipolar plate, the heating resistance layer is arranged on the surface of the graphite bipolar plate in the stack, and meanwhile, through the circuit design, the heating resistance layer is connected with an external power supply, and the stack is quickly warmed up through the combination of two modes of self heat generation of the fuel cell and power supply and heating of the external power supply. The invention can solve the problem of low-temperature starting of the fuel cell and improve the low-temperature environment adaptability of the fuel cell.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fuel cells, in particular to a graphite bipolar plate fuel cell and a vehicle thereof.
Background
The renewable energy hydrogen and the oxygen in the air are utilized to directly generate electricity through the fuel cell to provide capacity, the dependence on fossil energy can be eliminated, and the hydrogen fuel is an important way for solving the problem of increasing exhaustion of the fossil fuel. The fuel cell automobile has the outstanding advantages of short hydrogenation time, long driving range, zero emission and the like, and is an important power source of the automobile. The fuel cell reaction produces water, and the electric pile power generation needs the proton exchange membrane to keep a wet state, and the problem of icing is faced under the low-temperature environment below zero. Solving the problem of low-temperature starting of fuel cells is a prerequisite for their widespread use.
The current mainstream fuel cells all adopt a humidification scheme, and a large amount of water is also generated in the reaction process. Good water management is a key technology to maintain the stack in proper operation. At present, most fuel cell products in China do not have low-temperature starting capability, can only be used in an area above zero degrees all year round, and the application range of the fuel cell is severely limited. And part of the fuel cells with low temperature of-10 ℃ are started, and only an external circuit is adopted to heat the cooling liquid of the fuel cells, so that the energy consumption is high, the time consumption is long, and the popularization is difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a graphite bipolar plate fuel cell and a vehicle thereof, which are used for solving the problems of high energy consumption and long time when the fuel cell is started at low temperature in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a graphite bipolar plate fuel cell, including a first cell scheme, where the first cell scheme includes a fuel cell stack, where the fuel cell stack includes a graphite bipolar plate and a membrane electrode, and at least one of the graphite bipolar plates is provided with a heating resistor layer on its inside and/or outside.
And on the basis of the first battery scheme, a first connecting terminal and a second connecting terminal which are used for connecting a power supply are respectively arranged on two sides of the heating resistor layer.
And the heating resistance layer is in a strip shape on the basis of the battery schemes I and II respectively.
And the battery schemes five and six are respectively based on the battery schemes three and four, and the thickness of the heating resistance layer is 1-1000 um.
The invention also provides a vehicle based on the graphite bipolar plate fuel cell, which comprises a vehicle scheme I, wherein the vehicle scheme I comprises the fuel cell provided with a fuel cell stack, the fuel cell stack comprises the graphite bipolar plate and a membrane electrode, and a heating resistance layer is arranged on the inner side and/or the outer side of at least one graphite bipolar plate.
According to the second vehicle scheme, on the basis of the first vehicle scheme, a first wiring terminal and a second wiring terminal which are used for being connected with a power supply are respectively arranged on two sides of the heating resistor layer.
And in the vehicle scheme III and the vehicle scheme IV, the first wiring terminal and the second wiring terminal are connected with a power supply through a switch on the basis of the vehicle method I and the vehicle method II respectively.
And a fifth vehicle scheme and a sixth vehicle scheme, wherein the heating resistance layer is in a strip shape on the basis of the third vehicle scheme and the fourth vehicle scheme respectively.
The vehicle scheme seven, eight, respectively on vehicle scheme five, six basis, the thickness of heating resistor layer is 1-1000 um.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: through graphite bipolar plate's structural design, set up heating resistor layer on the surface of the inside graphite bipolar plate of pile, simultaneously through circuit design, make heating resistor layer switch on external power supply, through fuel cell self heat production and the combination of external power supply heating two kinds of modes, realize the quick warm-up of pile to solve fuel cell low temperature start difficult problem, promote fuel cell's low temperature environment adaptability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a structure of a heating resistor layer mounting position 1 in a battery according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a heating resistor layer mounting position 2 in the battery according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the fuel cell circuit connections of the vehicle of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a flowchart of the operation of the fuel cell at low-temperature start-up in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In order to solve the problem of low-temperature starting of a vehicle fuel cell system, a heating resistance layer is arranged on a graphite bipolar plate in a single cell forming a fuel cell stack, and meanwhile, through circuit design, the heating resistance layer is connected with an external power supply, and the stack is quickly warmed up by combining two modes of self heat generation of the fuel cell and power supply and heating of the external power supply, so that the low-temperature starting of the fuel cell is realized, and the low-temperature environment adaptability of the fuel cell is improved.
In order to achieve the above objects, the present invention provides a graphite bipolar plate fuel cell and a vehicle thereof, wherein the fuel cell has a plurality of forms of mounting a heating resistor layer, two specific forms are shown in fig. 1 and 2 for specific description, and a membrane electrode is disposed between two graphite bipolar plates to form a single cell.
As shown in fig. 1, includes membrane electrodes 1 and 5, an anode graphite bipolar plate 3, a heating resistor layer 2, and a cathode graphite bipolar plate 4; the membrane electrode 1 and the membrane electrode 5 belong to two adjacent monocells respectively, the anode graphite bipolar plate 3 and the membrane electrode 1 belong to one monocell, and the cathode graphite bipolar plate 4 and the membrane electrode 5 belong to the adjacent monocells; the heating resistor layer 2 is fixed on the inner side of the anode graphite bipolar plate 3 by means including but not limited to conductive glue bonding.
As shown in fig. 2, includes membrane electrodes 6 and 10, an anode graphite bipolar plate 7, a heating resistor layer 8, and a cathode graphite bipolar plate 9; the membrane electrode 6 and the membrane electrode 10 belong to two adjacent monocells respectively, the anode graphite bipolar plate 7 and the membrane electrode 6 belong to one monocell, and the cathode graphite bipolar plate 9 and the membrane electrode 10 belong to the adjacent monocells; the heating resistor layer 8 is fixed on the outside of the cathode graphite bipolar plate 9 by means including, but not limited to, conductive adhesive bonding.
The graphite bipolar plate is generally formed by engraving a graphite plate, as shown in the figure, in a zigzag shape, and a heating resistor layer is adhered to the surface of the graphite plate in a sheet shape.
In other embodiments, the heating resistor layers may be bonded to the inner side and the outer side of the graphite bipolar plate, or the heating resistor layers may be disposed on both the anode graphite bipolar plate and the cathode graphite bipolar plate, and the two sides of the heating resistor layers are provided with terminals for connecting a power supply, so that the direction of current required to flow through the heating resistor layers by the power supply is the same as the direction of current in the graphite bipolar plate, and the power supply may be an original vehicle-mounted battery or another battery separately disposed. Meanwhile, the thickness of the heating resistance layer is adjustable, and the resistance can be adjusted in a wider range by changing the structure and the selection of resistance materials, so that the temperature rise rate of the fuel cell can be matched appropriately, and the low-temperature start of the fuel cell can be realized.
The heating resistance layer and the graphite bipolar plate need to be closely contacted, so that resistance increase caused by generation of a gap in the middle is prevented, and meanwhile, the connection mode of the heating resistance layer and the graphite bipolar plate also has various modes and is not limited to the bonding of the conductive adhesive.
When the fuel cell according to the present invention is applied to a vehicle, it is necessary to arrange a connection line for connecting the fuel cell to a corresponding device of the vehicle.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the electrical connection of the fuel cell of the present invention on a vehicle, which mainly includes: the fuel cell stack is provided with a heating resistance layer, a load, a temperature sensor, a resistance switch, a power supply, an ambient temperature sensor and a vehicle controller, wherein the resistance switch comprises S2, S4 and S6; the power switch includes S1, S3, S5.
The environment temperature is monitored through the environment temperature sensor, and when the vehicle is in a low-temperature (generally less than zero) environment, the vehicle control unit controls to execute a low-temperature starting program. And detecting the SOC state of the power supply, and judging the electric quantity which is allowed to supply power and heat by the power supply, wherein the electric consumption cannot exceed the maximum allowed electric quantity in the actual starting process. According to the temperature real-time monitoring data of the fuel cell temperature sensor, the fuel cell discharges under low-temperature environment by low current, and a heating resistance layer in the galvanic pile heats the galvanic pile under the action of the low current. When the temperature of the electric pile reaches a set value (such as zero degree), the heating resistance layer circuit of the external circuit is closed by closing the resistance switch, and the external power supply heating circuit is disconnected by opening the power switch, so that the fuel cell is normally started.
The method comprises the steps of arranging a heating resistance layer, such as a nickel sheet, with the thickness of 1-1000 mu m, between two graphite bipolar plates or between a graphite bipolar plate and a membrane electrode inside a fuel cell stack, processing the sheet-shaped heating resistance layer according to the structure of the graphite bipolar plate, packaging the sheet-shaped heating resistance layer on the graphite bipolar plate, connecting an external power supply with the heating resistance layer to electrically heat the stack by the external power supply, wherein the shape of the heating resistance layer is matched with that of the graphite bipolar plate, preferably the sheet shape, but the specific shape is not limited to the form given by the invention, and can be, for example, a rectangular shape, a circular shape, a square shape, a strip-shaped shape and the like, as long as the shape can be matched with that of the graphite bipolar plate, the matching means that the.
When a fuel cell is started, detecting the ambient temperature, starting a warming-up program when the actual ambient temperature T1 (the temperature range is-30-55 ℃) is lower than zero, calculating the heat Q1 required by warming up the electric pile to 0 ℃, detecting the SOC state of a power supply, calculating the maximum allowable heating electric quantity Q2, and if Q2 is smaller than Q1, not starting the system; if Q2 is more than or equal to Q1, the resistance switches S2, S4 and S6 of the heating resistance layer loop are disconnected, the fuel cell is operated by small current, the current generated by the fuel cell flows through the resistance to generate heat, the temperature of the stack is improved, and meanwhile, the power switches S1, S3 and S5 of the power circuit are selectively closed according to the self-heating capacity of the stack, so that the heating of the stack is enhanced, and the heating rate is improved.
When the temperature of the electric pile exceeds 0 ℃ or reaches a set working temperature T2, the resistance switches S2, S4 and S6 of the heating resistance layer loop are closed, the power switches S1, S3 and S5 of the power circuit are opened, and the electric pile is started normally.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of the operation of the low-temperature start-up when the above-described fuel cell is applied to a vehicle, including:
starting the fuel cell, and detecting the ambient temperature T1;
if T1 is lower than zero degree, starting warm-up temperature raising program; otherwise, starting normally;
calculating the heat Q1 required by the temperature rise of the electric pile warming machine to 0 ℃, detecting the SOC state of the power supply, and calculating the maximum allowable heating electric quantity Q2;
if Q2 is less than Q1, the system is not activated; if Q2 is more than or equal to Q1, the resistance switches S2, S4 and S6 of the heating resistance layer loop are disconnected, the fuel cell is operated by small current, the current generated by the fuel cell flows through the resistance to generate heat, the temperature of the stack is improved, and meanwhile, the power switches S1, S3 and S5 of the power circuit are selectively closed according to the self-heating capacity of the stack, so that the heating of the stack is enhanced, and the heating rate is improved;
when the temperature of the electric pile is detected to exceed 0 ℃, the resistance switches S2, S4 and S6 of the heating resistance layer loop are closed, the power switches S1, S3 and S5 of the power circuit are opened, and the electric pile is started normally.
The specific implementation mode related to the invention is given above, the heating resistance layer is arranged on the graphite bipolar plate in the stack, and meanwhile, through the circuit design, the heating resistance layer is connected with the external power supply, and through the combination of two modes of self heat generation of the fuel cell and power supply and heating of the external power supply, the stack is quickly warmed up, so that the problem of low-temperature starting of the fuel cell is solved, and the adaptability of the fuel cell to the low-temperature environment is improved.
The invention is not limited to the described embodiments, for example, the shape of the heating resistor layer is changed, or other equivalent circuit forms are adopted to heat the fuel cell, and the technical solution formed by the method is formed by fine tuning the above-mentioned embodiment, and still the technical solution falls into the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. A vehicle based on a graphite bipolar plate fuel cell, comprising a fuel cell provided with a fuel cell stack comprising a graphite bipolar plate and a membrane electrode, characterized in that: the system also comprises a fuel cell temperature sensor, a resistance switch of a heating resistance layer loop, a power switch of a power circuit, a power supply, an environment temperature sensor and a vehicle control unit; the environment temperature sensor is used for monitoring the environment temperature, and the fuel cell temperature sensor is used for monitoring the temperature of the fuel cell;
the inner side and/or the outer side of at least one graphite bipolar plate are/is fixedly bonded with a heating resistor layer through conductive adhesive, a first connecting terminal and a second connecting terminal for connecting a power supply are respectively arranged on two sides of the heating resistor layer, and the first connecting terminal and the second connecting terminal are connected with the power supply through a power switch;
when a fuel cell is started, detecting an ambient temperature T1, and when T1 is lower than zero, starting a warming-up program of a vehicle controller, calculating heat Q1 required by warming up a fuel cell stack to 0 ℃, detecting the SOC state of a power supply, calculating maximum allowable heating electric quantity Q2, and if Q2 is smaller than Q1, not starting the fuel cell; if Q2 is more than or equal to Q1, a resistance switch of a heating resistance layer loop is disconnected, the fuel cell is operated by small current, the current generated by the fuel cell flows through the resistance to generate heat, the temperature of the fuel cell stack is improved, and meanwhile, according to the self-heating capacity of the fuel cell stack, a power switch of a power circuit is selectively closed, the heating of the fuel cell stack is strengthened, and the heating rate is improved; when the temperature of the fuel cell stack exceeds 0 ℃ or reaches a set working temperature T2, the resistance switch of the heating resistance layer loop is closed, the power switch of the power circuit is disconnected, and the fuel cell stack is started normally.
2. A vehicle based on a graphite bipolar plate fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the heating resistor layer is in the shape of a strip.
3. A vehicle based on a graphite bipolar plate fuel cell as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the thickness of the heating resistance layer is 1-1000 μm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201711294934.0A CN109904487B (en) | 2017-12-08 | 2017-12-08 | Graphite bipolar plate fuel cell and vehicle thereof |
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| CN201711294934.0A CN109904487B (en) | 2017-12-08 | 2017-12-08 | Graphite bipolar plate fuel cell and vehicle thereof |
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| CN109904487A CN109904487A (en) | 2019-06-18 |
| CN109904487B true CN109904487B (en) | 2021-07-09 |
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| CN111384413B (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2021-09-10 | 上海捷氢科技有限公司 | Fuel cell bipolar plate with metal-graphite composite structure and fuel cell |
| CN117525478A (en) * | 2023-12-15 | 2024-02-06 | 新研氢能源科技有限公司 | Control method of fuel cell stack and fuel cell stack |
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| CN103219535A (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2013-07-24 | 天津大学 | Method for controlling cold starting of proton exchange membrane fuel battery stack |
| CN105226307A (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2016-01-06 | 福特全球技术公司 | For the Apparatus and method for of heating fuel battery pile |
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| CN2725681Y (en) * | 2004-07-30 | 2005-09-14 | 长春高祥特种管道有限公司 | Continuously reinforced plastic composite pipe with heating function |
| KR100821766B1 (en) * | 2006-08-10 | 2008-04-11 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Fuel cell system having improved starting performancein low temperature for bypolarplate |
| KR101047417B1 (en) * | 2008-06-16 | 2011-07-08 | 한양대학교 산학협력단 | Fuel cell separator and its manufacturing method |
| CN101447580A (en) * | 2008-12-29 | 2009-06-03 | 新源动力股份有限公司 | Proton exchange membrane fuel cell capable of quickly starting below zero DEG C |
| WO2016118740A1 (en) * | 2015-01-21 | 2016-07-28 | Ec Power, Llc | Self-heating fuel cell systems |
| CN106784922B (en) * | 2017-02-15 | 2023-09-22 | 天津大学 | Cold starting device for heating proton exchange membrane fuel cell by using graphite plate to supply direct current |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103219535A (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2013-07-24 | 天津大学 | Method for controlling cold starting of proton exchange membrane fuel battery stack |
| CN105226307A (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2016-01-06 | 福特全球技术公司 | For the Apparatus and method for of heating fuel battery pile |
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Address after: 450061 Yudao Road, Guancheng District, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province Patentee after: Yutong Bus Co.,Ltd. Address before: 450016 Yutong Industrial Zone, eighteen Li River, Henan, Zhengzhou Patentee before: ZHENGZHOU YUTONG BUS Co.,Ltd. |
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