CN114113874A - Multi-branch power transmission line fault positioning method based on binary tree principle - Google Patents
Multi-branch power transmission line fault positioning method based on binary tree principle Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种基于二叉树原理的多分支输电线路故障定位方法。传统双端行波法由于双端行波定位以点‑点形式描述线路结构，无法规划行波传输路径，不适用于分支线路上的故障定位，波峰识别确定故障初始时刻，受分支线路交汇点衰减影响较大，会降低行波定位的精度及可靠性。本发明的方法是：首先是假定输电线路起始点为二叉树的根节点，线路末端以及T阶点均为二叉树上的叶节点，实现对线路的建模描述，当线路故障后，根据各节点故障特征确定基准节点，并通过基准节点间自适应滤波提高故障时刻识别精度，在确定基准节点的基础上，通过反向遍历的方式实现对最短传输路径的规划。本发明用于基于二叉树原理的多分支输电线路故障定位方法。
The invention relates to a fault location method for multi-branch transmission lines based on the principle of a binary tree. The traditional double-ended traveling wave method describes the line structure in the form of point-point for double-ended traveling wave positioning, so it is impossible to plan the traveling wave transmission path, and is not suitable for fault location on branch lines. Attenuation has a large influence, which will reduce the accuracy and reliability of traveling wave positioning. The method of the invention is as follows: firstly, it is assumed that the starting point of the transmission line is the root node of the binary tree, and the end of the line and the T-order point are both leaf nodes on the binary tree, so as to realize the modeling description of the line. The feature determines the reference node, and improves the identification accuracy of the fault time through adaptive filtering between reference nodes. On the basis of determining the reference node, the shortest transmission path is planned by reverse traversal. The invention is used for the fault location method of multi-branch transmission line based on the principle of binary tree.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power system automation, in particular to a multi-branch power transmission line fault positioning method based on a binary tree principle.
Background
At present, the traveling wave fault positioning method is widely applied to high-voltage-level power transmission lines. The existing traveling wave fault location method generally adopts a double-end method, and utilizes the time difference of traveling waves reaching two ends of a line to combine with the traveling wave speed to complete fault location, so that the existing transmission line traveling wave fault location system generally only installs fault location devices at two ends of the line, and in recent years, a distributed fault traveling wave location or diagnosis device is started to be applied at a high voltage level, and the devices are generally installed and deployed along the transmission line, and the traditional double-end traveling wave method is still adopted; with the continuous improvement of power grid construction and the continuous improvement of power transmission line structures, a batch of multi-branch power transmission lines also appear in medium and high voltage grade power transmission lines (such as 66 kV-220 kV lines), the multi-branch power transmission lines change the point-to-point mode of the traditional medium and high voltage power transmission lines, and for the positioning of traveling wave faults, the lines need to be planned, traveling wave transmission paths are determined, and appropriate monitoring point data are selected to complete the positioning of the faults;
when the traditional double-end traveling wave method is used for positioning the fault of the multi-branch line, the following defects exist:
(1) the method is not suitable for fault location on the branch line, and because the double-end traveling wave location describes the line structure in a point-point mode, a traveling wave transmission path cannot be planned, so the method is not suitable for fault location on the branch line.
The initial moment of the fault is determined based on wave crest identification, and the influence of attenuation of a junction point (T-order point) of a branch line is large, so that the precision and the reliability of traveling wave positioning can be reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fault positioning method for a multi-branch power transmission line based on a binary tree principle, which solves the problem that the traditional double-end traveling wave method is not suitable for multi-branch line fault positioning through shortest path planning, particularly solves the problem of positioning on the branch line, and reduces the influence of a branch line junction on traveling wave attenuation through self-adaptive filtering between reference nodes.
The above purpose is realized by the following technical scheme:
a multi-branch transmission line fault positioning method based on a binary tree principle comprises the following steps: firstly, assuming that the initial point of a power transmission line is a root node of a binary tree, and the tail end of the line and a T order point are leaf nodes on the binary tree, realizing modeling description on the line, after the line fails, determining reference nodes according to the failure characteristics of each node, improving the identification precision of the failure time through self-adaptive filtering among the reference nodes, and realizing planning on the shortest transmission path through a reverse traversal mode on the basis of determining the reference nodes;
step one, completing multi-branch power transmission line system modeling based on binary tree model
(1) The starting point of the transmission line is the root node of the binary tree,
(2) the transmission line comprises branch line end monitoring equipment which is a leaf node of a binary tree,
(3) assuming that the intersection point of the trunk and the branch line of the power transmission line is a virtual node, and similarly, the virtual node is also used as a leaf node on a binary tree, and describing the multi-branch power transmission line as a binary tree model starting from a root node;
step two, extracting fault characteristics
After the transmission line has a fault, transient traveling waves generated by the fault are transmitted along the line, when the traveling waves pass through a T-order point, signals are refracted and reflected, the waveform is distorted, and the wave crest is smoothed, so that the transient waveforms acquired by different terminals on the multi-branch line have large difference. By wavelet transform of the signal, detail coefficients reflecting high-frequency components are extracted, and according to the detail coefficients, the following information can be obtained:
(1) at the time of the wave crest,
(2) the wavefront time, i.e., before the peak, at which 10% of the peak amplitude is reached,
(3) the wave tail time, namely the time when the amplitude is reduced to 10 percent of the amplitude of the wave crest after the wave crest,
(4) transient signal amplitude, i.e. peak absolute value;
thirdly, performing secondary calculation on the fault time of the reference node based on the adaptive filtering
(1) Selecting a reference node:
in all nodes of the binary tree, the node with the largest transient signal amplitude is selected as a reference node 1, and the following two conditions exist:
1) when the amplitude of the transient signal is larger than the threshold value, selecting the peak moment of the reference node 1 as the initial fault moment;
2) when the transient signal amplitude is smaller than the threshold value, selecting the wavefront moment of the reference node 1 as the initial fault moment;
selecting a node with the time difference smaller than Ls/v (Ls is the total length of a fault line, v is the traveling wave velocity) with the reference node 1 from the rest nodes, and simultaneously, taking the node with the maximum transient signal amplitude as a reference node 2;
(2) and (3) identifying the reference node time based on self-adaptive filtering:
extracting waveforms from wave front time to wave tail time of a reference node 1, and simultaneously extracting waveforms from wave front time to wave tail time of a reference node 2, wherein when the wave front time and the wave tail time of the reference node 1/2 are different in length, the wave front time of the reference node 1/2 is recurred forward by a certain length, and the lengths of the waveforms are ensured to be equal;
filtering the waveform of the reference node 2 by RLS filtering with the 1 bit of the reference node as a reference signal to obtain the filtered waveform, and selecting the peak moments of the reference node and the reference node as the fault moments of the nodes (t)1、t2）；
Step four, planning the traveling wave transmission path
After the two reference nodes are determined through the third step, a transmission path between the two reference nodes needs to be determined, specifically:
(1) traversing all the nodes from the reference node 1 to the root node to form a transmission route 1;
(2) traversing all nodes between the reference node 2 and the root node to form a transmission route 2;
(3) determining a common node where the transmission route 1 and the transmission route 2 meet;
(4) determining all nodes between a reference node 1 and a common node, and determining all nodes between a reference node 2 and the common node;
(5) connecting paths between the reference node 1 and the common node and between the reference node 2 and the common node, namely the shortest transmission path of the line, so as to obtain the length of the line between the reference node 1 and the reference node 2;
step five, calculating fault location
Obtaining the shortest transmission path according to the fourth step, adopting the traditional double-end traveling wave positioning to finish the fault positioning,
in the formula:
respectively the distance from the fault point to the reference nodes 1 and 2; (t)1、t2) Respectively, the time when the traveling wave arrives at the reference nodes 1 and 2, and L is the line length between the reference nodes 1 and 2.
Has the advantages that:
1. compared with the existing transmission line traveling wave distance measurement method, the method provided by the invention has the following advantages: (1) filtering and secondary operation of fault time are carried out on the waveform of the reference node based on self-adaptive filtering, so that on one hand, noise influence is reduced, meanwhile, high-frequency signal loss caused by transmission attenuation of a branch line is partially compensated by introducing a reference signal, the identification precision of the fault initial time is improved, and further the overall positioning precision is improved; (2) on the one hand, a terminal closest to a fault point is selected to complete positioning, and meanwhile, a transmission line traveling wave fault positioning system can effectively position faults on branch lines, so that the problem that the faults on the branch lines cannot be covered on a point-to-point-based transmission line model in traditional positioning is solved.
Compared with the traditional point-to-point model for describing the power transmission line, the method provided by the invention has the advantages that the junction of the trunk and the branch line of the power transmission line is a virtual node, and the virtual node can also be used as a binary tree node for path planning calculation.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multi-branch line and terminal deployment scenario of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a multi-branch power transmission line based on binary tree description.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of adaptive filter front waveforms (reference nodes 1 and 2) based on quadratic calculation of adaptive filtering according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an adaptive filtered waveform (reference node 1) based on quadratic computation of adaptive filtering according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an adaptive filtered waveform (reference node 2) based on quadratic computation of adaptive filtering according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a transmission path planning according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a block diagram of the algorithm flow of the present invention.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
example 1:
a multi-branch transmission line fault positioning method based on a binary tree principle comprises the following steps: firstly, assuming that the initial point of a power transmission line is a root node of a binary tree, and the tail end of the line and a T order point are leaf nodes on the binary tree, realizing modeling description on the line, after the line fails, determining reference nodes according to the failure characteristics of each node, improving the identification precision of the failure time through self-adaptive filtering among the reference nodes, and realizing planning on the shortest transmission path through a reverse traversal mode on the basis of determining the reference nodes;
step one, completing multi-branch power transmission line system modeling based on binary tree model
(1) The starting point of the transmission line is the root node of the binary tree,
(2) the transmission line comprises branch line end monitoring equipment which is a leaf node of a binary tree,
(3) assuming that the intersection point of the trunk and the branch line of the power transmission line is a virtual node, and similarly, the virtual node is also used as a leaf node on a binary tree, and describing the multi-branch power transmission line as a binary tree model starting from a root node;
step two, extracting fault characteristics
After the transmission line has a fault, transient traveling waves generated by the fault are transmitted along the line, when the traveling waves pass through a T-order point, signals are refracted and reflected, the waveform is distorted, and the wave crest is smoothed, so that the transient waveforms acquired by different terminals on the multi-branch line have large difference. By wavelet transform of the signal, detail coefficients reflecting high-frequency components are extracted, and according to the detail coefficients, the following information can be obtained:
(1) at the time of the wave crest,
(2) the wavefront time, i.e., before the peak, at which 10% of the peak amplitude is reached,
(3) the wave tail time, namely the time when the amplitude is reduced to 10 percent of the amplitude of the wave crest after the wave crest,
(4) transient signal amplitude, i.e. peak absolute value;
thirdly, performing secondary calculation on the fault time of the reference node based on the adaptive filtering
(1) Selecting a reference node:
in all nodes of the binary tree, the node with the largest transient signal amplitude is selected as a reference node 1, and the following two conditions exist:
1) when the amplitude of the transient signal is larger than the threshold value, selecting the peak moment of the reference node 1 as the initial fault moment;
2) when the transient signal amplitude is smaller than the threshold value, selecting the wavefront moment of the reference node 1 as the initial fault moment;
selecting a node with the time difference smaller than Ls/v (Ls is the total length of a fault line, v is the traveling wave velocity) with the reference node 1 from the rest nodes, and simultaneously, taking the node with the maximum transient signal amplitude as a reference node 2;
(2) and (3) identifying the reference node time based on self-adaptive filtering:
extracting waveforms from wave front time to wave tail time of a reference node 1, and simultaneously extracting waveforms from wave front time to wave tail time of a reference node 2, wherein when the wave front time and the wave tail time of the reference node 1/2 are different in length, the wave front time of the reference node 1/2 is recurred forward by a certain length, and the lengths of the waveforms are ensured to be equal;
filtering the waveform of the reference node 2 by RLS filtering with the 1 bit of the reference node as a reference signal to obtain the filtered waveform, and selecting the peak moments of the reference node and the reference node as the fault moments of the nodes (t)1、t2）；
Step four, planning the traveling wave transmission path
After the two reference nodes are determined through the third step, a transmission path between the two reference nodes needs to be determined, specifically:
(1) traversing all the nodes from the reference node 1 to the root node to form a transmission route 1;
(2) traversing all nodes between the reference node 2 and the root node to form a transmission route 2;
(3) determining a common node where the transmission route 1 and the transmission route 2 meet;
(4) determining all nodes between a reference node 1 and a common node, and determining all nodes between a reference node 2 and the common node;
(5) connecting paths between the reference node 1 and the common node and between the reference node 2 and the common node, namely the shortest transmission path of the line, so as to obtain the length of the line between the reference node 1 and the reference node 2;
step five, calculating fault location
Obtaining the shortest transmission path according to the fourth step, adopting the traditional double-end traveling wave positioning to finish the fault positioning,
in the formula:
respectively the distance from the fault point to the reference nodes 1 and 2; (t)1、t2) Respectively, the time when the traveling wave arrives at the reference nodes 1 and 2, and L is the line length between the reference nodes 1 and 2.
Key point and point to be protected of the application
(1) Multi-branch power transmission line positioning based on binary tree model
In the method, the intersection point of the trunk and the branch line of the power transmission line is provided as the virtual node, and the virtual node can be used as the binary tree node for path planning calculation.
(2) Reference node fault moment secondary calculation based on adaptive filtering
The application provides the secondary calculation of the fault time of the reference node based on the adaptive filtering, compared with the method of directly depending on wavelet transform coefficients to extract the fault initial time, the waveform of the reference node is filtered through the adaptive filtering, and the lengths of the waveforms are ensured to be equal.
Claims (1)
1. A multi-branch transmission line fault positioning method based on a binary tree principle is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, assuming that the initial point of a power transmission line is a root node of a binary tree, and the tail end of the line and a T order point are leaf nodes on the binary tree, realizing modeling description on the line, after the line fails, determining reference nodes according to the failure characteristics of each node, improving the identification precision of the failure time through self-adaptive filtering among the reference nodes, and realizing planning on the shortest transmission path through a reverse traversal mode on the basis of determining the reference nodes;
step one, completing multi-branch power transmission line system modeling based on binary tree model
(1) The starting point of the transmission line is the root node of the binary tree,
(2) the transmission line comprises branch line end monitoring equipment which is a leaf node of a binary tree,
(3) assuming that the intersection point of the trunk and the branch line of the power transmission line is a virtual node, and similarly, the virtual node is also used as a leaf node on a binary tree, and describing the multi-branch power transmission line as a binary tree model starting from a root node;
step two, extracting fault characteristics
After the transmission line has a fault, transient traveling waves generated by the fault are transmitted along the line, when the traveling waves pass through a T-order point, signals are refracted and reflected, the waveform is distorted, and the wave crest is smoothed, so that the transient waveforms acquired by different terminals on the multi-branch line have large difference;
by wavelet transform of the signal, detail coefficients reflecting high-frequency components are extracted, and according to the detail coefficients, the following information can be obtained:
(1) at the time of the wave crest,
(2) the wavefront time, i.e., before the peak, at which 10% of the peak amplitude is reached,
(3) the wave tail time, namely the time when the amplitude is reduced to 10 percent of the amplitude of the wave crest after the wave crest,
(4) transient signal amplitude, i.e. peak absolute value;
thirdly, performing secondary calculation on the fault time of the reference node based on the adaptive filtering
(1) Selecting a reference node:
in all nodes of the binary tree, the node with the largest transient signal amplitude is selected as a reference node 1, and the following two conditions exist:
1) when the amplitude of the transient signal is larger than the threshold value, selecting the peak moment of the reference node 1 as the initial fault moment;
2) when the transient signal amplitude is smaller than the threshold value, selecting the wavefront moment of the reference node 1 as the initial fault moment;
selecting a node with the time difference smaller than Ls/v (Ls is the total length of a fault line, v is the traveling wave velocity) with the reference node 1 from the rest nodes, and simultaneously, taking the node with the maximum transient signal amplitude as a reference node 2;
(2) and (3) identifying the reference node time based on self-adaptive filtering:
extracting waveforms from wave front time to wave tail time of a reference node 1, and simultaneously extracting waveforms from wave front time to wave tail time of a reference node 2, wherein when the wave front time and the wave tail time of the reference node 1/2 are different in length, the wave front time of the reference node 1/2 is recurred forward by a certain length, and the lengths of the waveforms are ensured to be equal;
filtering the waveform of the reference node 2 by RLS filtering with the 1 bit of the reference node as a reference signal to obtain the filtered waveform, and selecting the peak moments of the reference node and the reference node as the fault moments of the nodes (t)1、t2）；
Step four, planning the traveling wave transmission path
After the two reference nodes are determined through the third step, a transmission path between the two reference nodes needs to be determined, specifically:
(1) traversing all the nodes from the reference node 1 to the root node to form a transmission route 1;
(2) traversing all nodes between the reference node 2 and the root node to form a transmission route 2;
(3) determining a common node where the transmission route 1 and the transmission route 2 meet;
(4) determining all nodes between a reference node 1 and a common node, and determining all nodes between a reference node 2 and the common node;
(5) connecting paths between the reference node 1 and the common node and between the reference node 2 and the common node, namely the shortest transmission path of the line, so as to obtain the length of the line between the reference node 1 and the reference node 2;
step five, calculating fault location
Obtaining the shortest transmission path according to the fourth step, adopting the traditional double-end traveling wave positioning to finish the fault positioning,
in the formula:
respectively the distance from the fault point to the reference nodes 1 and 2; (t)1、t2) Respectively, the time when the traveling wave arrives at the reference nodes 1 and 2, and L is the line length between the reference nodes 1 and 2.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106526431A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-03-22 | 北京鼎科远图科技有限公司 | Grounding and/or short circuit fault alarm inversion method and apparatus thereof |
| CN106546875A (en) * | 2016-10-13 | 2017-03-29 | 华北科技学院 | Power circuit alarm method |
| CN112505476A (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2021-03-16 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | Power distribution network fault traveling wave positioning method based on binary tree and multi-terminal time information |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106546875A (en) * | 2016-10-13 | 2017-03-29 | 华北科技学院 | Power circuit alarm method |
| CN106526431A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-03-22 | 北京鼎科远图科技有限公司 | Grounding and/or short circuit fault alarm inversion method and apparatus thereof |
| CN112505476A (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2021-03-16 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | Power distribution network fault traveling wave positioning method based on binary tree and multi-terminal time information |
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