CN113933649B - Multi-terminal traveling wave fault positioning method for power distribution network by utilizing path searching - Google Patents

Multi-terminal traveling wave fault positioning method for power distribution network by utilizing path searching Download PDF

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CN113933649B
CN113933649B CN202111188785.6A CN202111188785A CN113933649B CN 113933649 B CN113933649 B CN 113933649B CN 202111188785 A CN202111188785 A CN 202111188785A CN 113933649 B CN113933649 B CN 113933649B
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fault
distribution network
node
power distribution
line
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CN113933649A (en
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游金梁
朱吉然
唐海国
张帝
康童
邓威
齐飞
杨淼
周可慧
贺思林
张志丹
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Hunan Electric Power Co Ltd
State Grid Hunan Electric Power Co Ltd
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Hunan Electric Power Co Ltd
State Grid Hunan Electric Power Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
    • G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
    • G01R31/086—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution networks, i.e. with interconnected conductors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/50—Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
    • Y04S10/52—Outage or fault management, e.g. fault detection or location

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Locating Faults (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-terminal traveling wave fault positioning method for a power distribution network by utilizing path searching. The invention has the advantages of quickly and accurately determining the fault position, reducing the workload of manual line inspection, improving the fault searching efficiency and the like.

Description

Multi-terminal traveling wave fault positioning method for power distribution network by utilizing path searching
Technical Field
The invention mainly relates to the technical field of power distribution networks, in particular to a multi-terminal traveling wave fault positioning method for a power distribution network by utilizing path searching.
Background
With the development of economy, the grid structure of the power distribution network is more and more complex, the requirement on the power supply reliability is higher and higher, and particularly, the construction of a novel power system mainly based on new energy sources is promoted, a large number of distributed power sources and distributed energy storage are connected, so that larger uncertainty is brought to the safe and stable operation of the power distribution network, and rapid and accurate fault positioning is more and more important. However, the structure of the power distribution network is complex, branches on the feeder line are more, the network topology structure is changed frequently along with economic construction, and great challenges are brought to accurate positioning of the power distribution network.
The conventional distribution network fault positioning method mainly relies on fault sections of distribution terminals such as fault indicators, feeder terminals, station terminals and the like to position, is not accurate enough in positioning, and still needs manual line inspection to a great extent. The proposed method for solving the problems of pseudo fault points and the like of the incidence matrix and the distance matrix by utilizing the multi-terminal traveling wave fault positioning method is complex in calculation and cannot be rapidly adapted to the change of the distribution network structure.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides the multi-terminal traveling wave fault positioning method for the power distribution network, which is used for rapidly and accurately determining the fault position, reducing the manual line inspection workload and improving the fault searching efficiency.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a method for locating multi-terminal traveling wave fault of power distribution network by utilizing path search includes setting up new matrix expression form of network topology structure of power distribution network, finding out all shortest transmission paths of transient fault traveling wave by searching broken lines in matrix, synthesizing information of transient traveling wave collected at each terminal of power distribution network to realize accurate location of fault point.
Preferably, the specific process of constructing the network matrix of the power distribution network is as follows:
defining A, B, C, D, E, F as distribution network line end nodes, including power supply nodes and end transformer nodes; a. b, c and d are the crossing points of branch lines, are defined as branch nodes, and a line is defined between the two nodes; for a distribution network with n nodes and m lines, denoted by n×m matrix a, its row corresponds to the node and its column corresponds to the line, called the correlation matrix, denoted as a= (a) ij ) Definition of elements in a matrix a ij Is that
Preferably, the shortest fault path search procedure is: after the fault occurs, the initial traveling wave propagates along the shortest path, and initial wave head information is captured on the traveling wave detection devices of all the end nodes; firstly, selecting an end node, finding a non-zero element in a row corresponding to the node in an association matrix, starting to draw a vertical line by taking the non-zero element as a starting point to find another non-zero element in a column, then drawing a horizontal line by taking the tail end of the vertical line as a starting point, finding any other non-zero element in which the horizontal line is located, continuing to draw the vertical line by taking the non-zero element as the starting point, drawing the horizontal line again, ensuring that the direction of the drawn horizontal line always faces the same direction, and repeating above until another end node appears.
Preferably, the fault line determination process is: the shortest path and the route passing through the shortest path are determined by pairwise permutation and combination of all end nodes in the power distribution network and a broken line searching mode, so that the power distribution network is formedA node combination consisting of nodes and shortest paths; optionally, one node combination is selected to judge whether the fault occurs on the shortest path, if the fault does not occur on the shortest path, the next group of nodes is continuously judged until the line on which the fault occurs is determined, and if all node combinations are traversed, the fault does not occurAnd on the shortest path, judging that the fault is sent to the branch node.
Preferably, the fault positioning result is found out by a double-end traveling wave positioning method, specifically:
taking out all node combinations including the fault line, setting q groups, and calculating the distance between the fault point and one end node of the fault line, which can be given by the following formula
f i ＝|L i -d i |(i＝1,2,...,q) (4)
in the formula ,di Distance from the end node for the fault point calculated by node combination; l (L) i Distance between the corresponding end node and one end node of the fault line;
for f i Screening, removing data with larger error, and retainingF of (2) i Data, let q be * And if yes, the final fault distance calculation formula is as follows:
wherein ,the length of the shortest path in the corresponding node combination; />Is f i Epsilon is a reasonable margin for the setting.
The invention also discloses a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when run by a processor, performs the steps of the method for locating a multi-terminal traveling wave fault of a power distribution network using path searching as described above.
The invention further discloses a computer device comprising a memory and a processor, the memory having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by the processor, performs the steps of the method for multi-terminal travelling wave fault localization of a power distribution network using path searching as described above.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the distribution network multi-end traveling wave fault positioning method utilizing path searching can quickly and accurately determine the fault position, and only needs to install the traveling wave acquisition device at the end node of the distribution network, so that the method is more suitable for the adjustment of a grid structure; the topology structure of the distribution network can be clearly described by the distribution gateway connection matrix, and the distribution network structure can be conveniently and simply updated when the distribution network structure is changed; the shortest path among all the end nodes can be clearly expressed by path searching, so that considerable distribution network is realized to a certain extent; by adopting multi-terminal data for calculation, abnormal data can be automatically identified and removed, so that the traveling wave acquisition device has stronger fault tolerance and reduces the requirement on the stability of the traveling wave acquisition device; the invention can lighten the manual line inspection workload and improve the fault finding efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a network topology diagram of the power distribution network of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a branch failure according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a failure determination flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and specific examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for positioning the multi-terminal traveling wave fault of the power distribution network by using path search in the embodiment of the invention establishes a new matrix expression form of a network topology structure of the power distribution network, finds out all shortest transmission paths of the transient fault traveling wave by searching for broken lines in the matrix, and realizes accurate positioning of fault points by integrating transient traveling wave information acquired by each terminal of the power distribution network, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Constructing a network matrix of the power distribution network:
as shown in FIG. 2, definition AB, C, D, E, F are distribution network line end nodes, including power supply nodes and end transformer nodes; a. b, c, d are the intersections of the branch lines, the invention defines a branch node, and a line is defined between the two nodes. For a power distribution network with n nodes and m lines, it can be represented by an n×m matrix a, where the rows correspond to the nodes and the columns correspond to the lines, which is called an association matrix, denoted as a= (a) ij ) Definition of elements in a matrix a ij Is that
(2) Shortest fault path search:
after the fault occurs, the initial traveling wave propagates along the shortest path, and initial wave head information is captured on the traveling wave detection devices of the end nodes. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the shortest path between the individual end nodes. Firstly, selecting an end node, such as an end node A, finding a non-zero element in a row corresponding to the node (only one non-zero element in a row corresponding to the end node) in an association matrix, starting to draw a vertical line by taking the non-zero element as a starting point to find another non-zero element in a column, then drawing a horizontal line by taking the tail end of the vertical line as a starting point, finding any other non-zero element in the row where the horizontal line is located, continuing to draw the vertical line by taking the non-zero element as the starting point, drawing the horizontal line again, ensuring that the direction of the drawn horizontal line always faces the same direction, and repeating the steps until the other end node appears. Tree radial distribution network with a end nodes, in commonThe shortest path is followed.
(3) And (3) fault line determination:
as shown in fig. 3, A, B, C is 3 end nodes, L of the distribution network 1 、L 2 、L 3 Three lines in the distribution network respectively represent the lengths of the corresponding lines. If a fault occurs in L 3 At point f of the line, for the A, B two end nodes, the shortest path between them is L 1 、L 2 L is then 3 The lines are branch lines between the AB nodes. If fault location is performed by utilizing the moment that the fault initial traveling wave signal reaches the A, B node, the D-type traveling wave ranging principle can be known as follows:
in the formula ,LA The calculated value of the distance between the fault point and the node A; l (L) AB Is the shortest path between A, B nodes; t (T) A 、T B The time when the fault initial traveling wave reaches the A, B node is respectively; v is the traveling wave velocity.
In the ideal case of error-free L A And L is equal to 1 Equal, i.e. if the fault does not occur on the shortest path between some two end nodes, it can only be located near the branch node, so that it can be determined by this criterion whether the fault occurs on the shortest path between two end nodes. Since there is always an error in practice, L cannot be made A And L is equal to 1 A reasonable margin delta is required to be set because the faults are strictly equal, and when the formula (3) is satisfied, the faults are judged not to occur on the shortest path of the A, B node, namely the faults occur on the node a or the branch line;
|L A -L 1 |≤δ (3)
but when B, C node is selected, it can be determined that the fault occurs in L 3 The line, i.e. always can find some two end points so that the fault point is located on its shortest path.
The method for determining the fault line comprises the following steps: the shortest path and the route passing through the shortest path are determined by pairwise permutation and combination of all end nodes (set as a) in the power distribution network through a broken line searching mode, so that the power distribution network is formedA node combination consisting of nodes and shortest paths. Optionally, a node combination is selected to judge whether the fault occurs on the shortest path, if not, the next group of nodes is continuously judged until the fault is confirmedAnd determining a fault-occurring line, and if all node combinations are traversed, judging that the fault is occurring on the branch node if the fault is not occurring on the shortest path. The flow chart is shown in fig. 3.
(4) Calculating a fault positioning result:
the fault location result may be given by a double-ended traveling wave location method, as in equation (2). In the power distribution network, as a plurality of end nodes exist, the fault line is often contained in a plurality of shortest paths, and the transient traveling wave information of the plurality of end nodes is comprehensively utilized, so that the accuracy of fault positioning can be improved, individual error data can be removed, and the fault tolerance is enhanced.
All node combinations including the faulty line are taken out, and q groups are set in total. The distance between the fault point and the node at one end of the fault line can be calculated by the following formula
f i ＝|L i -d i | (i＝1,2,...,q) (4)
in the formula ,di Distance from the end node for the fault point calculated by node combination; l (L) i Is the distance between the corresponding end node and the end node of the faulty line.
For f i Screening, removing data with larger error, and retaining( wherein />Is f i Epsilon is a reasonable margin of the settings) f i Data, let q be * And each. The final fault distance calculation formula is:
wherein Is the length of the shortest path in the corresponding node combination.
The distribution network multi-end traveling wave fault positioning method utilizing path searching can quickly and accurately determine the fault position, and only needs to install the traveling wave acquisition device at the end node of the distribution network, so that the method is more suitable for the adjustment of a grid structure; the topology structure of the distribution network can be clearly described by the distribution gateway connection matrix, and the distribution network structure can be conveniently and simply updated when the distribution network structure is changed; the shortest path among all the end nodes can be clearly expressed by path searching, so that considerable distribution network is realized to a certain extent; by adopting multi-terminal data for calculation, abnormal data can be automatically identified and removed, so that the traveling wave acquisition device has stronger fault tolerance and reduces the requirement on the stability of the traveling wave acquisition device; the invention can lighten the manual line inspection workload and improve the fault finding efficiency.
The invention described above is described in further detail with reference to the following specific examples:
1. taking the power distribution network shown in fig. 2 as an example, 10 nodes and 9 lines are taken as the total, and the construction of the association matrix is as follows:
2. the method comprises the steps of carrying out path searching on a path, firstly selecting an end node, such as an end node A, finding a non-zero element in a row corresponding to the node (only one non-zero element in a row corresponding to the end node) in an associated matrix, starting to draw a vertical line with the non-zero element as a starting point to find another non-zero element in a column, then drawing a horizontal line with the tail end of the vertical line as a starting point, finding any other non-zero element in the row where the horizontal line is located, continuing to draw the vertical line with the non-zero element as the starting point, drawing the horizontal line again, ensuring that the direction of the drawn horizontal line always faces the same direction, and repeating the steps until the other end node appears. Tree radial distribution network with 10 end nodes, in commonThe shortest path is followed.
1)A→m 1 →a→m 2 →B:6km
2)A→m 1 →a→m 3 →b→m 7 →c→→m 8 →C:7.7km
3)A→m 1 →a→m 3 →b→m 4 →d→→m 5 →D:9.9km
4)A→m 1 →a→m 3 →b→m 7 →c→→m 9 →E:7.5km
5)A→m 1 →a→m 3 →b→m 4 →d→→m 6 →F:9.6km
6)B→m 2 →a→m 3 →b→m 7 →c→→m 8 →C:5.7km
7)B→m 2 →a→m 3 →b→m 4 →d→→m 5 →D:7.9km
8)B→m 2 →a→m 3 →b→m 7 →c→→m 9 →E:5.5km
9)B→m 2 →a→m 3 →b→m 4 →d→→m 6 →F:7.6km
10)C→m 8 →c→m 7 →b→m 4 →d→→m 5 →D:6.6km
11)C→m 8 →c→m 9 →E:1.8km
12)C→m 8 →c→m 7 →b→m 4 →d→→m 6 →F:6.3km
13)D→m 5 →d→m 4 →b→m 7 →c→→m 9 →E:6.4km
14)D→m 5 →d→m 6 →F:4.9km
15)E→m 9 →c→m 7 →b→m 4 →d→→m 6 →F:6.1km
3. Setting the f1 point of the fault at the position 2km away from the A node, wherein the sampling frequency of the device is 2MHz, performing wavelet analysis after performing phase-mode transformation on current traveling wave signals acquired by all end nodes, and obtaining initial wave head time as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 initial traveling wave arrival time at each end node
Table 1 Initial arrival time of traveling wave
According to the fault line determining flow, the fault can be determined to occur on the m1 line, and all node combinations comprising the m1 line are screened out: 1), 2), 3), 4), 5). The distances of faults from the node A are respectively calculated to be 2.058km, 2.038km, 2.051km, 2.083km and 2.046km, the final fault positioning result is 2.054km from the node A by using the formulas (4) and (5), and the error is 54m compared with the actual result.
If the traveling wave acquisition device data of the end node B is wrong, the arrival time of the obtained initial traveling wave head is shifted backwards by two microseconds, the calculated fault distance through the node combination 1) is 1.768km, the average value of all fault distances is 1.997km, and the fault distance is calculated byThe calculated difference value is 0.2292km, the sampling rate is 2MHz, epsilon is 150m, the node B can be judged to be invalid data, the final fault distance given after the node B is removed is 2.054km, and the error is 54m.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and all technical solutions belonging to the concept of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and adaptations to the invention without departing from the principles thereof are intended to be within the scope of the invention as set forth in the following claims.

Claims (5)

1. A method for positioning multi-terminal traveling wave faults of a power distribution network by utilizing path searching is characterized in that a new matrix expression form of a network topology structure of the power distribution network is firstly established, all shortest transmission paths of transient fault traveling waves are found out by searching broken lines in the matrix, and transient traveling wave information acquired by each terminal of the power distribution network is synthesized to realize accurate positioning of fault points;
the specific process for constructing the network matrix of the power distribution network comprises the following steps:
defining A, B, C, D, E, F as distribution network line end nodes, including power supply nodes and end transformer nodes; a. b, c and d are the crossing points of branch lines, are defined as branch nodes, and a line is defined between the two nodes; for a power distribution network having n nodes and m lines, usingThe matrix A of which is represented by the row corresponding node and the column corresponding line, which is called the association matrix and is marked asElement definition in matrix->Is that
（1）；
The shortest fault path searching process is as follows: after the fault occurs, the initial traveling wave propagates along the shortest path, and initial wave head information is captured on the traveling wave detection devices of all the end nodes; firstly, selecting an end node, finding a non-zero element in a row corresponding to the node in an association matrix, starting to draw a vertical line by taking the non-zero element as a starting point to find another non-zero element in a column, then drawing a horizontal line by taking the tail end of the vertical line as a starting point, finding any other non-zero element in which the horizontal line is located, continuing to draw the vertical line by taking the non-zero element as the starting point, drawing the horizontal line again, ensuring that the direction of the drawn horizontal line always faces the same direction, and repeating above until another end node appears;
the fault line determining process comprises the following steps: the shortest path and the route passing through the shortest path are determined by pairwise permutation and combination of all end nodes in the power distribution network and a broken line searching mode, so that the power distribution network is formedEach slave node and shortest pathA node combination is formed; optionally, judging whether a fault occurs on the shortest path by one node combination, if not, continuing to judge the next group of nodes until the line on which the fault occurs is determined, and if all node combinations are traversed, judging that the fault does not occur on the shortest path, and if so, judging that the fault occurs on the branch node; wherein g is the number of end nodes of the distribution network.
2. The method for locating a multi-terminal traveling wave fault of a power distribution network by using path search according to claim 1, wherein the fault locating result is found out by a double-end traveling wave locating method.
3. The method for positioning the multi-end traveling wave faults of the power distribution network by utilizing path searching according to claim 2 is characterized in that the double-end traveling wave positioning method comprises the following steps:
taking out all node combinations including the fault line, setting q groups, and calculating the distance between the fault point and one end node of the fault line, which can be given by the following formula
（4）
wherein ,distance from the end node for the fault point calculated by node combination; />Distance between the corresponding end node and one end node of the fault line;
for a pair ofScreening, retaining->Is->Data, set up in common->And if yes, the final fault distance calculation formula is as follows:
（5）
wherein ,the length of the shortest path in the corresponding node combination; />Is->Mean value of->Is a reasonable margin for setting.
4. A computer readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, characterized in that the computer program, when being run by a processor, performs the steps of the method for positioning a multi-terminal traveling wave fault of a power distribution network using path searching according to any one of claims 1-3.
5. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, the memory having stored thereon a computer program, characterized in that the computer program, when run by the processor, performs the steps of the method for multi-terminal travelling wave fault localization of a power distribution network using path searching according to any one of claims 1-3.
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