CN114113534A - Device and method for testing hydrate phase equilibrium curve of oil-gas mixed transportation pipeline - Google Patents
Device and method for testing hydrate phase equilibrium curve of oil-gas mixed transportation pipeline Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
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- NMJORVOYSJLJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane clathrate Chemical compound C.C.C.C.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O NMJORVOYSJLJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004642 transportation engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to a hydrate phase equilibrium curve test device and method, belonging to the technical field of hydrate determination, and aiming at providing a test method and device for a hydrate phase equilibrium point of an oil-gas mixed transportation pipeline, wherein the device mainly comprises a loop, an air supply cylinder, a liquid supply container, a circulating pump, a water bath temperature control device, a mixer, a warm pressure acquisition system and a computer, the loop comprises two test pipe sections which are all arranged in the water bath temperature control device, and a temperature transmitter and a pressure transmitter are respectively arranged at two sides of each test pipe section, the method is based on the principle that the medium flowing along the way in the pipeline can be increased after the hydrate is generated, the relative error between the actual along-way friction resistance coefficient and the theoretical along-way friction resistance coefficient is calculated according to the pressure at two sides of each test pipe section, when the relative error reaches a set value, the temperature pressure of the loop is judged to be the phase equilibrium point of the hydrate, the initial pressure and temperature are changed to repeatedly carry out the process, finally forming a hydrate phase equilibrium curve. The invention can simulate the real flowing state of the pipeline, and has high accuracy and simple and reliable operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of oil and gas storage and transportation engineering, and particularly relates to a device and a method for testing a hydrate phase equilibrium curve of an oil and gas mixed transportation pipeline.
Background
Because the energy demand of China is continuously increased, the development degree and range of oil and gas fields are also increased, the oil and gas mixed transportation process is widely adopted due to the characteristics of low pipeline construction cost, simple treatment process, economic and efficient crude oil transportation and the like, however, the mixed transportation oil and gas is not dehydrated, oil-gas-water three phases are adopted in the actual transportation process, when the environmental temperature is low, natural gas hydrate is easily generated, the generation of the hydrate influences the transportation of a medium in a mixed transportation pipeline, and therefore the generation of the hydrate needs to be avoided.
The existing widely applied method for measuring the phase equilibrium of the hydrate is an observation method, which is to prepare the hydrate under a certain temperature-pressure condition, then raise the temperature or reduce the pressure in a certain step length to search the generation condition of the hydrate, when the hydrate is just completely dissolved, the temperature-pressure is the generation condition of the hydrate, the observation method experiment is simple, but the measurement is carried out in a reaction kettle, the reaction kettle is required to be transparent and visible, the reaction kettle can not simulate the real state of pipeline flowing, and the error between the phase equilibrium point of the hydrate to be measured and the phase equilibrium point of the real pipeline flowing hydrate is large.
Prior art relating to the invention
Data collection, collecting basic information of the pipeline from the pipeline operator, including but not limited to: the quality analysis of the produced water, the information of the conveying medium, the operation pressure of the pipeline, the operation temperature of the pipeline and the like.
And (3) making an experimental plan, and determining the ratio of the initial oil content, the initial gas content and the initial water content in the reaction kettle, the initial temperature, the temperature rise step length, the initial pressure and the pressure decrease step length according to the collected information of the pipeline conveying medium, the pipeline running pressure, the pipeline running temperature and the like.
Preparing a hydrate, namely vacuumizing an experimental device, and injecting prepared deionized water into a reaction kettle through a liquid inlet system; secondly, injecting a target pipeline gas medium to adjust the internal pressure of the reaction kettle; then, injecting the target pipeline oil product into the reaction kettle; starting a water bath to set the temperature to a fixed value, starting a circulating pump and adjusting the rotating speed to ensure that the system is in a flowing state; during the period, the state is kept after a large amount of hydrate is generated by observing through a visible window of the reaction kettle.
And (3) measuring a hydrate phase equilibrium point, changing the state of the reaction kettle according to the set temperature rise step length and pressure decrease step length, keeping for a certain time, observing the state in the reaction kettle through a visual window during the period, and regarding the temperature and the pressure as a hydrate phase equilibrium point of the target pipeline when the hydrate is just completely decomposed.
And (3) determining a hydrate phase equilibrium curve, repeatedly determining hydrate phase equilibrium points, and finally fitting all the hydrate phase equilibrium points to form a pressure-temperature curve generated by the hydrate, wherein the curve is the hydrate phase equilibrium curve suitable for the target pipeline.
The first prior art has the following defects:
in the prior art, the flow state of a pipeline can be simulated only by rotating the stirring blades in the reaction kettle, the difference with the real flow state of the pipeline is large, and the measured hydrate phase equilibrium curve is applied to field production and has large error.
In the prior art, the result is observed by naked eyes to be used as a basis for judging whether the hydrate is completely decomposed, the result is different from person to person, and the error is large.
In the prior art, after a large amount of hydrates are generated and stabilized in a reaction kettle, the system is subjected to gradient temperature rise, the phase equilibrium point of the hydrates is measured in the decomposition process of the hydrates, the experimental period of a single working condition is about 480min, and the time is too long.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method and a device for testing a hydrate phase equilibrium point of an oil-gas mixed transportation pipeline, based on the principle that the actual flowing on-way friction resistance of a medium in the pipeline can be influenced after the hydrate is generated, the relative error between the actual on-way friction resistance coefficient and the theoretical on-way friction resistance coefficient is calculated according to the pressure at two sides of a test pipeline section of an experimental loop, the temperature and the pressure of the loop at the moment are judged to be the phase equilibrium point of the hydrate by judging that the relative error reaches a certain difference value without the generation of the hydrate, and the process is repeatedly carried out by changing the initial pressure and the temperature, so that a hydrate phase equilibrium curve is finally formed.
Description of the drawings:
in order to show the embodiments and technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are only some embodiments of the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a loop experiment for determining a phase equilibrium point of a hydrate flow system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a visual test tube segment;
in the figure: 1-a gas supply cylinder; 2-a first ball valve; 3-a gas flow meter; 4-a second ball valve; 5-a third ball valve; 6-a vacuum pump; 7-a liquid adding pump; 8-a fourth ball valve; 9-a blow-down valve; 10-a liquid supply container; 11-a fifth ball valve; 12-a circulation pump; 13-a liquid flow meter; 14-a sixth ball valve; 15-a first temperature transmitter; 16-a first pressure transmitter; 17-a visual test tube section; 18-non-visual test tube sections; 19-a water bath temperature control device; 20-a second temperature transmitter; 21-a second pressure transmitter; 24-a third temperature transmitter; 25-a third pressure transmitter; 26-a fourth temperature transmitter; 27-a fourth pressure transmitter; 28-a mixer; 29-ring path; 30-a warm-pressing acquisition system; 31-a computer; 32-high definition camera; 33-transparent water bath sleeve; 34-transparent round tube.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1, the experimental apparatus for measuring the phase equilibrium point of the hydrate flow system comprises: the device comprises a gas supply bottle 1, a liquid supply container 10, a circulating pump 12, a water bath temperature control device 19, a mixer 28, a loop 29, a temperature and pressure acquisition system 30 and a computer 31, and is characterized in that: the gas supply bottle 1 charges gas into the mixer 28 through the first ball valve 2 and the second ball valve 4, and a gas flow meter 3 is connected between the first ball valve 2 and the second ball valve 4; a pipeline is connected between the mixer 28 and the second ball valve 4, and a third ball valve 5 and a vacuum pump 6 are connected to the pipeline; the liquid supply container 10 supplies liquid into the mixer 28 through the liquid supply pump 7 and the fourth ball valve 8; the bottom of the mixer 28 is connected with an air release valve 9; the fifth ball valve 11, the circulating pump 12, the liquid flow meter 13 and the sixth ball valve 14 are sequentially connected in series between the mixer 28 and the loop 29; two test pipe sections with equal length are arranged on the loop 29, the visual test pipe section 17 is composed of a transparent water bath sleeve 33 and a transparent round pipe 34, and two ends of the visual test pipe section 17 are respectively connected with the first temperature transmitter 15, the first pressure transmitter 16, the second temperature transmitter 20 and the second pressure transmitter 21; the high-definition camera 31 faces the visual test pipe section 17; the two ends of the non-visual test pipe section 18 are respectively connected with a third temperature transmitter 24, a third pressure transmitter 25, a fourth temperature transmitter 26 and a fourth pressure transmitter 27, and a temperature acquisition system 30 acquires temperature signals and pressure signals fed back by the position transmitters in real time and transmits the temperature signals and the pressure signals to a computer 31; the loops 29 are all placed in a water bath temperature control device 19.
Step 1: data collection, collecting basic information of the pipeline from the pipeline operator, including but not limited to: analyzing the quality of produced water, conveying medium information, pipeline operation pressure, pipeline operation temperature and the like;
step 2: making an experiment plan, and determining the ratio of initial oil, gas and water contents, the initial temperature and the initial pressure in an experiment loop according to the collected information of the pipeline conveying medium, the pipeline running pressure, the pipeline running temperature and the like; establishing a hydrate phase equilibrium point measurement experiment table with different temperatures and pressures by using the temperature reduction step length of 0.1 ℃ and the pressure increase step length of 0.1MPa, wherein the table 1 shows that:
TABLE 1 hydrate phase equilibrium point pressure temperature test experiment table
And step 3: and (3) establishing a field flow condition, opening the third ball valve 5 and the vacuum pump 6, and closing the third ball valve 5 and the vacuum pump 6 when the pressure in the loop 9 reaches-0.09 MPa. Quantitatively injecting the prepared deionized water and the target pipeline oil into the loop 9 through a liquid supply container 10 according to the content ratio of oil, gas and water and in combination with the capacity of the loop; secondly, injecting quantitative target pipeline gas medium into the experimental device through the gas supply cylinder 1 to adjust the internal pressure of the pipeline; starting the water bath temperature control device 19 to enable the temperature of the flowing medium in the loop 29 to be a set value, starting the circulating pump 12 and adjusting the rotating speed to ensure that the flowing speed of the medium in the loop is consistent with that of the field pipeline;
and 4, step 4: testing the phase equilibrium point of the hydrate, and after the visible test pipeline 17 finds that the hydrate begins to generate, the temperature acquisition system 30 feeds back pressure P to the pressure transmitters at two sides of the visible test pipeline section 171And P2And pressure transmitter feedback pressure P on both sides of non-visual test pipe segment 183、P4Real-time collecting and transmitting to computer 31, computer 31 and calculating actual flow friction drag coefficient lambda in the process of generating the hydrate of the loop 9 by the following formulas (1) - (6)flCoefficient of friction resistance to theoretical flow λtRelative error delta between1。
δ1＝|(λfl-λt)/λfl| (6)
In the formula, λf1The coefficient is the actual flow friction resistance coefficient of the first test pipe section, and is dimensionless; lambda [ alpha ]f2The actual flow friction coefficient of the second test pipe section is a dimensionless quantity; lambda [ alpha ]flThe coefficient is the actual flow friction resistance coefficient and has no dimensional quantity; lambda [ alpha ]tThe coefficient is the theoretical flow friction resistance coefficient and has no dimension; l is a loop test pipe sectionLength, m; d is the diameter of the test pipe section, m; rhomAs medium mixed density, g/m3(ii) a u is the fluid flow velocity, m/s; coefficient of actual flow frictionfl；RetReynolds number, dimensionless quantity; μ is fluid viscosity, pa.s; delta1Is the actual flow friction coefficient lambda in the process of generating the hydrateflCoefficient of friction resistance to theoretical flow λtRelative error between them, dimensionless quantity.
Changing the temperature and pressure of the loop according to a hydrate phase equilibrium point pressure temperature test experiment table, and respectively calculating and testing the actual flow friction coefficient lambda of the pipeline section according to the formula after the flow state of the experimental loop is stableflAnd the theoretical coefficient of flow frictiontAnd simultaneously calculating and recording the relative error delta under the temperature and the pressure1If hydrate is generated in the loop, the actual flow friction resistance of the pipeline can be greatly increased, and whether the pressure temperature under the working condition is the hydrate phase equilibrium point or not is judged by the formula 7.
δ1≥Aδ0 (7)
In the formula, A is a correction coefficient and has no dimensional quantity; delta0For the actual flow friction coefficient lambda without hydrate formationflCoefficient of friction resistance to theoretical flow λtRelative error between them, dimensionless quantity.
If the formula 7 is established, the temperature and the pressure of the loop 9 are the phase equilibrium point of the hydrate, the initial temperature and the initial pressure are changed, the loop experiment of all the test points is repeatedly carried out, the experimental data are recorded after the experiment is completed, and the experimental result recording table is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 Experimental records
| Temperature (. degree.C.) | Pressure (MPa) | Relative error | Whether it is a hydrate phase equilibrium point | |
| Test point 1 | ||||
| Test point 2 | ||||
| Test point 3 | ||||
| … |
And 5: establishing a hydrate phase equilibrium curve, selecting the temperature and the pressure of a test point which is judged to be a hydrate phase equilibrium point in an experimental record table, fitting a smooth curve by taking the temperature as an x value and the pressure as a y value, wherein the curve is the hydrate phase equilibrium curve. The curve is drawn in a pressure-temperature diagram, where the temperature and pressure corresponding to the area below the curve will not form hydrates and the temperature and pressure corresponding to the area above the curve will form hydrates.
Technical effects
By adopting a loop experiment, the real flowing state of the pipeline can be simulated, the measured hydrate phase balance can be directly applied to field production, and the error is small;
a selection standard for judging the phase equilibrium point of the hydrate is formulated, and the subjectivity of judging whether the hydrate is just decomposed by naked eyes is eliminated;
the method judges the phase equilibrium point of the hydrate according to the relative error of the actual on-way friction coefficient and the theoretical on-way friction coefficient, and the experimental period for determining the single working condition of the phase equilibrium point of the hydrate is short.
Claims (2)
1. A method for testing a hydrate phase equilibrium curve of an oil-gas mixture transportation pipeline is used for testing the hydrate phase equilibrium curve and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, collecting basic information of the pipeline from the pipeline operator includes but is not limited to: analyzing the quality of produced water, conveying medium information, pipeline operation pressure, pipeline operation temperature and the like;
step 2, establishing a phase equilibrium point measurement experiment table of hydrates at different temperatures and pressures with the temperature reduction step size of 0.1 ℃ and the pressure increase step size of 0.1 MPa;
step 3, vacuumizing the experimental loop, and respectively injecting oil and water according to the content ratio of oil, gas and water and by combining the capacity of the loop; starting the loop water bath device to enable the loop flowing temperature to be a set value, starting the circulating pump and adjusting the rotating speed to ensure that the flowing speed of the medium in the loop is consistent with that of the field pipeline;
step 4, observing the value P of the pressure gauge at two ends of the loop test section 11、P2And the value P of the pressure gauge at the two ends of the test section 23、P4Recording, and calculating the actual flow friction coefficient lambda of the loop according to the following formulafl；
In the formula, λf1The coefficient is the actual flow friction resistance coefficient of the first test pipe section, and is dimensionless; lambda [ alpha ]f2The actual flow friction coefficient of the second test pipe section is a dimensionless quantity; l is the length of the pipeline to be tested; d is the diameter of the test pipe section; rhomAs medium mixed density, g/m3(ii) a u is the fluid flow velocity, m/s;
theoretical coefficient of flow frictiontBy calculating:
in the formula, λtThe coefficient is the theoretical flow friction resistance coefficient and has no dimension; d is the diameter of the pipeline, m; retReynolds number, dimensionless quantity; rhomAs medium mixed density, g/m3(ii) a u is the fluid flow velocity, m/s; mu is the viscosity of the fluid and is,Pa.s；
relative error delta between actual flow friction coefficient and theoretical friction coefficient at this time1Comprises the following steps:
δ1＝|(λfl-λt)/λfl|
changing the temperature and pressure of the loop according to a hydrate phase equilibrium point pressure temperature test experiment table, and respectively calculating and testing the actual flow friction coefficient lambda of the pipeline section according to the formula after the flow state of the experimental loop is stableflAnd the theoretical coefficient of flow frictiontAnd simultaneously calculating and recording the relative error delta under the temperature and the pressure1If hydrate is generated in the loop, the actual flowing friction resistance of the pipeline can be greatly increased, and whether the pressure temperature under the working condition is the hydrate phase equilibrium point or not is judged through the following formula:
δ1≥Aδ0
in the formula, A is a correction coefficient and has no dimensional quantity; delta0For the actual flow friction coefficient lambda without hydrate formationflCoefficient of friction resistance to theoretical flow λtRelative error between, dimensionless;
if the above formula is established, the temperature and the pressure of the test point 1 are the hydrate phase equilibrium point, the initial temperature and the initial pressure are changed, the loop experiment of all the test points is repeatedly carried out, and the experimental data is recorded after the experiment is completed;
and 5, selecting the temperature and the pressure of the test point which is judged to be the hydrate phase equilibrium point in the experimental record table, and fitting a smooth curve by taking the temperature as the value x and the pressure as the value y, wherein the curve is the hydrate phase equilibrium curve.
2. The utility model provides an oil and gas mixture transportation pipeline hydrate phase equilibrium curve testing arrangement for hydrate phase equilibrium point test, its characterized in that includes:
the gas supply bottle 1 charges gas into the mixer 28 through the first ball valve 2 and the second ball valve 4, and a gas flow meter 3 is connected between the first ball valve 2 and the second ball valve 4; a pipeline is connected between the mixer 28 and the second ball valve 4, and a third ball valve 5 and a vacuum pump 6 are connected to the pipeline; the liquid supply container 10 supplies liquid into the mixer 28 through the liquid supply pump 7 and the fourth ball valve 8; the bottom of the mixer 28 is connected with an air release valve 9; the fifth ball valve 11, the circulating pump 12, the liquid flow meter 13 and the sixth ball valve 14 are sequentially connected in series between the mixer 28 and the loop 29; two test pipe sections with equal length are arranged on the loop 29, the visual test pipe section 17 is composed of a transparent water bath sleeve 33 and a transparent round pipe 34, and two ends of the visual test pipe section 17 are respectively connected with the first temperature transmitter 15, the first pressure transmitter 16, the second temperature transmitter 20 and the second pressure transmitter 21; the high-definition camera 31 faces the visual test pipe section 17; the two ends of the non-visual test pipe section 18 are respectively connected with a third temperature transmitter 24, a third pressure transmitter 25, a fourth temperature transmitter 26 and a fourth pressure transmitter 27, and a temperature acquisition system 30 acquires temperature signals and pressure signals fed back by the position transmitters in real time and transmits the temperature signals and the pressure signals to a computer 31; the loops 29 are all placed in a water bath temperature control device 19.
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